P ARTS OF THE B RAIN. F UNCTION OF THE BRAIN Organ in the body that allows: thought, emotions,...
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Transcript of P ARTS OF THE B RAIN. F UNCTION OF THE BRAIN Organ in the body that allows: thought, emotions,...
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN
Organ in the body that allows: thought, emotions, movement, dreams, etc.
Control center for the body
Runs everything the body does
CEREBRUM
Makes up 85% of the brain’s mass/weight
Thinking part of the brain
Controls your voluntary muscles (those muscles you have control over)
FRONTAL LOBE True center for control
in the brain Responsible for
reasoning, problem solving, judgment, impulse control, motor control, memory and higher level emotions (empathy and altruism)
Last to develop when a young adult
Front part of cerebrum
PARIETAL LOBE
Responsible for processes such as pain and touch
Also responsible for movement, speech, recognition, orientation, and cognition (calculating the location and speed of objects)
Found directly behind frontal lobe in cerebrum
OCCIPITAL LOBE
Responsible for visual sense and processing
Found at back of cerebrum
TEMPORAL LOBE
Responsible for auditory (sound) sensation and language recognition
Also involved in emotion, memory, and speech
Found below other parts of cerebrum and towards center of brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM
Neural bridge connection both hemispheres
Located in the center of the brain
Hypothesized that right have of brain controls left half of body and vice versa
CEREBELLUM
Controls balance, movement, posture, and coordination
Also involved in learning movement
Found at the back and bottom of the brain
BRAIN STEM
Responsible for all functions your body needs to stay alive (such as breathing, digesting food, circulating blood, etc.)
Controls all involuntary (you have no control over) functions
PONS
Responsible for level of arousal and consciousness, and sleep
Also relays sensory information to/from the brain
Also involved in controlling autonomic body function (things you don’t think about)
Top half of brain stem
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Helps body control autonomic functions (like respiration, digestions, and heart rate)
Also relay station for nerve signals going/to and from brain
Bottom half of brain stem
PITUITARY GLAND
Produces and releases hormones into your body that are linked to growth
HYPOTHALAMUS
Linked to pituitary gland to control body functions
Monitors and controls your circadian rhythms (daily sleep/wake cycle), homeostasis (inner balance in body, including temperature), appetite, thirst, other bodily urges and also plays a role in emotions, autonomic functions, and motor functions
THALAMUS
The relay station of the brain
Most sensory signals like sound and vision, go through this organ on their way to other parts of the brain for processing
Also plays a function in motor control
AMYGDALA
Latin for almond (which relates to its shape)
Helps in storing and classifying emotionally charged memories
Plays a large role in emotions, especially fear
Trigger responses to strong emotions like sweaty palms, freezing, increased heart rate/respiration, and stress hormone release
HIPPOCAMPUS
Primary role is in memory formation, classifying information, and long-term memory
Also involved in interpreting incoming nerve signals and spatial relationships
NEURONS AND LEARNING
Neurons are the microscopic cells in the nervous system
When new things are learned the messages travel from one neuron to another
Eventually the brain starts to create connections (pathways) between neurons, so things become easier to do
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR4S1BqdFG4