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Caribbean Tourism Organization: Quarterly Statistical Review – December 2016

Copyright © 2016, Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Published by the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2016. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Caribbean Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Seventh Floor, Baobab Tower Warrens, St Michael BB 22026 Barbados Tel.: (246) 427-5242 Website: www.onecaribbean.org E-mail: [email protected] All CTO publications are protected by copyright. Therefore and unless otherwise specified, no part of a CTO publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm or, scanning, without prior permission in writing. CTO encourages dissemination of its work and is pleased to consider permissions, licensing and translation requests related to CTO publications. For authorization of the reproduction of CTO works, please contact the CTO at the address and email above.

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1. Global Tourism Performance According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO),

international tourist arrivals grew from 1.1 billion in 2015

to 1.2 billion in 2016. This represented an increase of

3.9% or some 46.0 million trips and a sustained robust

demand for tourism in 2016. The sensitivity and resilience

of the industry were again tested by threats primarily in

the areas of economic growth, political stability and

safety and security.

Worldwide, most destinations reported better

performances than during the previous year.

Consequently, with the exception of the Middle East,

which recorded a decline (-4.0%), all regions registered

increases. Asia & the Pacific, as it has all year, led the

regional growth rankings with an estimated 8.0% increase

to amass 303.0 million international visits. Strong

demand for intra-regional travel was the backbone of this

performance. Equaling that growth rate, Africa received

58.0 million international arrivals. The momentum here

reflected a rebound from the poor performance in 2015,

which resulted from security threats and an outbreak of

Ebola (2014).

The Americas (4.0%) also did much better than in the

previous year, driven by strong outbound traffic from the

United States, even though Zika concerns persisted.

Europe, which accounted for almost half of all

international arrivals, grew by a modest 2.0% to reach

620.0 million. The gains made in some European

destinations were counteracted by the declines in others

plagued by safety concerns, largely terrorist attacks.

Despite prevailing uncertainties and challenges in the

main source markets from which visitors to the Caribbean

region are drawn, tourist arrivals to the region increased

by 4.2%, just surpassing the global growth rate (See Table

1.1 and Figure 1.1).

Following an increase in the Caribbean market share of

global visits in 2015, rising by 0.1 percentage points, it

remained steady at 2.4% in 2016.

2. Caribbean Tourism Performance1

2.1. Tourist (Stop-Over) Arrivals

Provisional data2 on international tourist visits to the

Caribbean in 2016 indicated continuous growth

throughout the year. In fact, the Caribbean posted its

seventh year of unbroken growth. The year was

characterized as rewarding, yet challenging for the

region’s tourism industry because of the many factors

that could have potentially negatively impacted both

demand and supply channels. These factors included

fluctuating exchange rates due to a strong US dollar,

isolated terrorist incidents in the main markets and

1 All results are preliminary and subject to change. 2 Out of the 33 destinations monitored by CTO, 28 provided data in 2016. In total, 13 destinations gave information to the end of the year. Data was submitted by four destinations for the period January to November, while two destinations submitted data for the period January to October. (See Table A1 for further details).

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016P

erc

enta

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Figure 1.1: International Arrivals vs Caribbean Arrivals

World

Caribbean

Linear(World)

Linear(Caribbean)

Table 1.1: Performance of International Tourist Arrivals by Region

2012 2013 2014R 2015R 2016e

Change

World 4.7% 4.6% 4.2% 4.6% 3.9%

Europe 3.9% 4.8% 2.3% 4.6% 2.0%

Asia and the Pacific 7.1% 6.9% 5.8% 5.6% 8.0%

Americas 4.5% 3.0% 8.5% 6.0% 4.0%

Caribbean R 4.7% 3.2% 6.3% 6.4% 4.2%

Africa 4.6% 4.3% 1.0% -3.2% 8.0%

Middle East 2.2% -2.9% 6.7% 1.7% -4.0%

Sources: UNWTO, CTO

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health concerns, particularly the outbreak of Zika and

natural disasters such as hurricanes and flooding in the

destinations. When the information received from the

destinations was aggregated along with Caribbean

Tourism Organization’s estimates, the region received an

estimated 29.3 million international tourist arrivals,

compared to 28.2 million in 2015. This corresponds to 1.1

million more arrivals or a 4.2% increase.

Details on the monthly and quarterly distribution of

tourist trips to the Caribbean (see Table 2.1.1) showed

that arrivals grew in each month and quarter of 2016,

when compared to its corresponding period in 2015. The

growth rate peaked in January with a 7.2% increase, as a

result of the momentum from 2015. However, the rate of

increase was lowest in October (0.7%), a traditionally

slow month, primarily reflecting the impact of Hurricane

Matthew. The rates during the other months ranged

between 1.6% and 6.7%. Growth was fastest (6.4%) in the

first quarter and slowest in the fourth quarter (2.0%). Not

surprisingly therefore, when the performance is viewed

by season3, arrivals were estimated to have grown

quicker (5.2%) during the winter season than during the

summer season (3.6%).

The outcomes above reflect the Easter celebrations in

March, the summer festivals season (July & August), the

most active hurricane season since 2012, relatively low

oil prices and the usual escape from the northern winters,

which set record low temperatures in some areas of the

north-eastern region of the US (also see Figures 2.1.1 and

2.1.2).

Table 2.1.1: Monthly Tourist Arrivals ('000)

2015 2016e %CH 16/15 JAN 2,511.6 2,692.3 7.2 FEB 2,539.7 2,694.1r 6.1 MAR 2,877.3 3,046.5r 5.9 QTR1 7,928.6 8,432.9r 6.4 APR 2,515.5 2,555.6r 1.6 MAY 2,179.1 2,218.8r 1.8 JUN 2,279.1 2,389.8r 4.9 QTR2 6,973.8 7,164.3 r 2.7 JUL 2,663.0 2,834.8r 6.4 AUG 2,261.8 2,345.1r 3.7 SEP 1,579.7 1,685.1r 6.7

3 January-April and May-December are used to approximate the Winter and Summer seasons

QTR3 6,504.5 6,865.1r 5.5 OCT 1,833.6 1,847.0 0.7 NOV 2,125.7 2,183.3 2.7 DEC 2,788.0 2,848.7 2.2 QTR4 6,747.3 6,879.0 2.0 TOTAL 28,154.1 29,341.3 4.2

Note: Imputed from data on international travel to member countries.

Source: CTO Member Countries and CTO estimates.

Among the destinations, tourist arrivals showed uneven

growth4. Of the 28 destinations reporting data for varying

periods between January and December, 22 recorded

increases ranging from modest to 17.5% (the Turks &

Caicos Islands), while the remaining six destinations had

losses between -5.8% (Curaçao) and -25.6% (Suriname).

Other notable countries are Belize, Cuba, Guyana, and

Bermuda with commendable double-digit growth rates of

4 The reporting periods are diverse among the destinations. It is within this context that the performance by destination is reviewed in this paper.

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Perc

enta

ge

Year

Figure 2.1.1: Monthly Changes in Tourist Arrivals (Y-o-Y)

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Th

ousands

Month

Figure 2.1.2: Monthly Tourist (Stop-Over) Arrivals 2012-2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

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13.0%, 11.7%, 11.1% and 10.7%, respectively. Strong

growth, in excess of 5%, was realized in eight other

destinations: Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados,

Dominican Republic, Martinique, Montserrat, St.

Maarten, and St. Vincent & The Grenadines (See Figure

2.1.3 and Table A1).

The contributing factors to these performances include

greater air access from the source markets to the region,

the realization of significant investments to enhanced

infrastructure (airport redevelopment in St. Maarten and

Bermuda) and product (hotels including Courtyard by

Marriott in Jamaica in April of 2016 and Four Seasons in

Anguilla in October 2016) and improved marketing. In the

case of the Guyana and Barbados, a further boost in

arrivals came with the celebration of their 50th

Anniversaries of Independence in May and November,

respectively.

Notes: * Jan-Nov, ** Jan-Oct, *** Jan-Sep, # Jan-Aug, ## Jan-Jul, ^ Jan-Apr, ^^ Jan-Feb

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20

Montserrat ##

St. Kitts & Nevis ^^

Suriname ^^

St. Vincent & the G’dines **

Dominica *

Anguilla *

Haiti ^

Grenada

Guyana ***

Bermuda *

Antigua & Barbuda

Saint Lucia

St. Maarten #

Cayman Islands

Belize

British Virgin Islands

Trinidad & Tobago

Curacao

Turks & Caicos Islands

Barbados ***

Martinique

U S Virgin Islands *

Aruba

Bahamas ***

Puerto Rico **

Jamaica

Cuba #

Dominican Republic

Percentage

Figure 2.1.3: Change in Tourist Arrivals by volume

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Table 2.1.2 shows the estimated arrivals by Caribbean

regions and with the exception of the Dutch Caribbean (-

5.6%) and the US territories, which as a sub-region was

marginally down, all sub regions displayed positive

growth. The Other Caribbean Countries’ market share

increased by 1.4 percentage points accounting for 48.3%

or 14.1 million of all arrivals to the region. This sub region

also recorded the fastest growth rate (7.4%) in 2016,

significantly above the regional average (4.2%). Among

this group of destinations, Cuba dominated growth and

was expected to welcome 4.0 million tourists5, 13.0%

more than in the previous year reflecting the US-Cuba

rapprochement. The Dominican Republic supported these

gains in the sub-region with a 6.4% increase and nearly

six million tourist arrivals (20% of total arrivals to the

Caribbean).

In the Other Commonwealth Countries (4.3%) and the

French Caribbean (4.2%), growth rates were closer to the

regional average, hence maintaining their respective

shares of 21.9% and 3.5%. The Other Commonwealth

countries totaled approximately 6.4 million tourist visits

with the best performances occurring in Belize, Bermuda,

Guyana and the Turks & Caicos Islands. Arrivals to the

OECS countries grew by 3.1% to 1.5 million. The net

effect for the Commonwealth countries was growth of

4.1% for the year. The Dutch Caribbean - with a market

5 http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=122901

share of 7.4% (down from 8.2% a year ago), experienced

the decrease due mainly to a falloff in tourists from

Venezuela to Aruba and Curaçao. Additional details are

available in Tables A1 and Figures 2.1.3 & 2.1.4.

Table 2.1.2: Tourist Arrivals to the Caribbean by Sub-region (000s)

SUB-REGION 2016e 2015e % CH

COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN 7,951.2 7,639.0 4.1

OECS COUNTRIES 1,519.2 1,473.3 3.1

OTHER C’WLTH COUNTRIES 6,432.0 6,165.7 4.3

DUTCH CARIBBEAN 2,173.8 2,303.7 -5.6

FRENCH CARIBBEAN 1,012.5 971.5 4.2

US TERRITORIES 4,017.5 4,030.2 -0.3

OTHER CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES 14,186.3 13,209.8 7.4

TOTAL CARIBBEAN 29,341.3 28,154.1 4.2

of which CARICOM 7,073.0 6,928.4 2.1



United States

In 2016, the US economy was relatively strong,

unemployment fell, and consumer confidence was high,

resulting in an increased appetite for outbound travel

among Americans. The most recent data published by the

National Travel & Tourism Office (NTTO)6, for the month

of November, showed that outbound trips by Americans

to regions excluding its neighbours, Canada and Mexico,

grew by 6.3% and accounted for 43.9% of all trips taken.

The Caribbean’s share (9.8%) of the US outbound market

was second only to Europe’s share (17.3%) but its growth

6 http://travel.trade.gov/view/m-2016-O-001/index.html

St. Maarten2% Martinique

2%Barbados

2%US Virgin Islands

3%Aruba4%

Bahamas5%

Jamaica7%

Puerto Rico12%

Cuba13%

Dominican Republic

20%

Other Destinations

30%

Figure 2.1.4 : Main Destinations: % Share - 2016e

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

2016 2015

5.2 5.2

21.9 21.9

7.4 8.23.5 3.5

13.7 14.3

48.3 46.9

Figure 2.1.5: Share of Tourist Arrivals by Sub-Region -

OTHER C'BEAN

US TERR.

FR. CARIBBEAN

DU. CARIBBEAN

OTHER C’WEALTH

OECSCOUNTRIES

http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=122901

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rate was the slowest among all regions. This,

notwithstanding, an estimated 14.6 million stay-over

arrivals came from the Unites States, the top Caribbean

source market, representing an annual growth rate of

3.5%. Notably, US arrivals grew at a faster rate (5.5%) in

the third quarter than during any other quarter of the

year.

The overall performance was a result of increases being

recorded in 70.8% of the reporting destinations. In

particular, seven destinations recorded increases in

excess of 10.0% within their reporting periods. This group

includes Belize (18.3%), the Turks & Caicos Islands

(16.1%), Bermuda (15.7%), Antigua & Barbuda (14.8%),

Barbados (10.7%), Grenada (10.7%), and Montserrat

(10.5%). Declines were recorded in six destinations some

of which experienced a reduction in airlift from the US

market.

Canada

Destination Canada7 reported that outbound, overnight

international trips by Canadians contracted by -3.4% in

the first eleven months of 2016. This was the culmination

of a -7.3% decline in trips to the United States, as the

Canadian currency weakened against the US dollar, while

there was a 3.5% increase in arrivals to all other

7 https://www.destinationcanada.com/sites/default/files/2017-01/Intelligence_TourismResults_Snapshot_Nov2016_EN.pdf

countries. For the region though, the weak Canadian

dollar was the cornerstone of the uncharacteristically

feeble performance, which plagued arrivals from this

market in 2016. The contraction in tourist visits for the

year was estimated at around -3.4% compared to 2015,

as tourist visits from the Canada numbered 3.3 million

and contributed 11.3% of total arrivals to the Caribbean.

At midyear, tourist arrivals had dipped by -5.9% as the

forest fires helped to further depress economic output. In

the subsequent quarters, there were upticks in arrivals of

1.5% and 0.4%, respectively. The regional declining trend

was led by Jamaica (-4.9%) and Cuba (-4.3% up to March)

and the majority (17 out of 24) of the reporting

destinations reported decreases in arrivals from this

market. Double-digit contractions were also registered in

The Bahamas (-13.5%), and Puerto Rico (-13.3%) for their

reporting periods. In contrast, double-digit increases

were recorded in the Turks & Caicos Islands (23.2%) at

the end of 2016. The Dominican Republic, the primary

destination for this market, showed an increase of 2.7%.

Europe

Throughout 2016, the demand for travel remained robust

among European residents even after terrorist attacks in

some countries, the Brexit referendum and mixed

economic outcomes across continental Europe. Arrivals

from the European market totaled 5.6 million and

improved by an estimated 11.4%, the strongest growth

among the main markets. In each month of the year

more Europeans visited the region than in the

corresponding period in 2015. These increases ranged

from 6.1% in April to 16.8% in September. Growth in the

high-volume destinations of Cuba (37.7% for the first

three months), the Dominican Republic (11.2%) and

Jamaica (6.1%) factored significantly in the overall

performance in this market. In total, 18 (out of 25

reporting) destinations registered increases and seven

destinations registered declines in arrivals from this

market. The top performing destinations, which

registered double-digit increases, were the Turks &

Caicos Islands (35.1%), St. Maarten (23.6%), Guyana

(15.8%) and Anguilla (14.2%). The contractions recorded

Table 2.1.3: Tourist Arrivals to the Caribbean by Main Market

('000)

MARKETS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e %ch 16/15

Total Arrivals 24,126.4 24,906.6 26,469.2 28,154.1 29,341.3 4.2

United States 11,972.7 12,329.6 13,325.5 14,133.7 14,630.9 3.5

Canada 3,057.3 3,076.1 3,276.9 3,424.0 3,306.6 -3.4

Europe 4,600.6 4,596.7 4,870.6 5,060.1 5,634.6 11.4

of which

United Kingdom

1,033.4 1,027.0 1,101.9 1,212.1 1,261.4 4.1

Germany 405.8 448.4 499.5 553.3 598.7 8.2

Caribbean 1,552.5 1,568.5 1,549.4 1,653.2 1,712.1 3.6

South America

1,393.5 1,530.7 1,744.5 2,021.9 1,808.1 -10.6

Other 1,549.8 1,805.0 1,702.2 1,861.2 2,249.0 20.8



https://www.destinationcanada.com/sites/default/files/2017-01/Intelligence_TourismResults_Snapshot_Nov2016_EN.pdf

https://www.destinationcanada.com/sites/default/files/2017-01/Intelligence_TourismResults_Snapshot_Nov2016_EN.pdf

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by Antigua & Barbuda, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands,

Grenada, Saint Lucia and Trinidad & Tobago ranged from

-0.3% to –26.8% (See Tables 2.1.3 and A2).

Intra-Caribbean

Travel by Caribbean people to destinations within the

region increased by an estimated 3.6% during 2016, the

second consecutive year of growth. Despite this positive

result, intra-regional travel remained costly with

fragmented air service. The bulk of the tourists visited the

Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago and Barbados.

Robust growth was experienced in Guyana (39.1%), St.

Vincent & the Grenadines (14.1%) and the Turks & Caicos

Islands (13.5%). Seven destinations did not improve upon

last year’s performance and recorded decreases in the

range of -2.5% in Trinidad & Tobago to -43.6% in

Suriname.

South America

In 2016, there was continuing economic and political

instability in two of three main South American source

markets (Brazil and Venezuela) for the region.

Consequently, the region received fewer (-10.6%) tourist

arrivals compared to 2015. In 2016, South American

tourist arrivals were received primarily by the Spanish

and Dutch speaking destinations. However, while arrivals

rose to the Dominican Republic by 4.3% those to Aruba

and Curaçao contracted by -31.9% and -23.0%,

respectively.

2.2. Accommodation performance8

According to STR Global (formerly known as Smith Travel

Research), the regional hotel performance in 2016 was

mainly negative (see table below), in contrast to the gains

8 The coverage of accommodation sector by STR although not exhaustive has been increasing over the years and is indicative of the performance in the hotel sector. The data in these reports now represents at least 26% of the total room stock in 12% of total accommodation establishments. These numbers vary by destination and in some instances reach upwards of 75%, while some smaller destinations do not participate in the survey.

recorded in arrivals this year. The evolution of “the

sharing economy” and additional hotel room stock from

new builds, contributed to this outcome. With the

exception of the number of available rooms (1.2% up),

the hotel indicators were below the levels in 2015 for

each month of the year. With all months accounted for,

average room occupancy stood at 66.7% compared to

68.3% in 2015 and the average room rate (ADR) was

US$201.50 compared to US$202.14 in 2015. The revenue

per available room (revPAR) also contracted during the

period, declining from US$138.12 in 2015 to US$134.48 in

2016. There was also a moderate decrease (-1.5%) in the

number of rooms sold. It should be noted that the

revenue indicators are still above performances recorded

during the period 2012-2014.

Table 2.2.1: Caribbean Hotel Performance

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 %CH

Percent Room Occupancy (%)

66.3 67.1 68.0 68.3 66.7 -2.3

Average Daily Room Rate (US$)

175.62 186.55 194.66 202.14 201.50 -0.3

Revenue per Available Room (US$)

116.40 125.20 132.28 138.12 134.48 -2.6

% change Room Revenue

10.9 7.6 8.9 7.7 -1.4

%change Room Available

-1.8 -0.0 0.8 1.6 1.2

Notes: The information contained in this table is based upon independent surveys and research from sources considered reliable but no representation is made as to its completeness or accuracy.

Copyright: 2016 Smith Travel Research

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2.3. Caribbean Performance - Cruise Activity

According to projections9 from Cruise Lines International

Association (CLIA), the Caribbean received 33.7% of all

cruise deployments in 2016, almost twice as many as any

other region. The estimated number of cruise passenger

arrivals in the region during 2016 increased by 1.3% to

approximately 26.3 million. This modest increase was a

combination of varied performances in cruise activity

among the destinations. Larger ships10, port

enhancements and new destinations11 on the Caribbean

cruise itineraries helped to increase the attractiveness of

Caribbean cruise holidays. On the other hand, growing

concerns of Zika Virus tempered the demand for cruises

while adverse weather forced several ports to be

circumvented.

In the first three quarters, cruise passenger arrivals to the

region grew by 2.4%. However, in the final quarter, cruise

passenger visits declined by an estimated -2.8%. Cruise

passenger arrivals decreased by -6.5% in October,

partially attributed to the impact of two major hurricanes

during this month, but recovered with an increase (3.1%)

in November before falling again in December (-2.8%).

9 http://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/2016_clia_sotci.pdf 10http://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/cruises/2016/12/29/biggest-cruise-stories-2016/95908650/ 11 http://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/breaking-down-the-cruising-industry-s-biggest-winners-losers-in-2016.html

Overall, only 12 destinations registered growth, with the

best performances occurring in the Dominican Republic

(59.4%), the British Virgin Islands (35.4%) and Grenada

(16.3%) while Belize, with an increase of 4.9%, became

the eighth destination to record over one million cruise

passenger visits this year. In contrast, 13 destinations had

received between -0.3% (the Cayman Islands) and -19.1%

(Guadeloupe) fewer cruise passengers for their respective

reporting periods. (Refer to Table 2.2.1 and Figure 2.2.1.)

Table 2.3.1: Cruise Passenger Arrivals to the Caribbean (‘000)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e %CH

Cruise Pax

21,982.5 22,767.1 25,374.1 26,004.5 26,343.0 1.3

Note: Imputed from data on Cruise Passenger travel to member countries


-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

RoomOccupancy

AverageDaily Rate

Revenueper

AvailableRoom

RoomRevenue

RoomAvailable

% c

hange

Figure 2.2.1: Changes in Caribbean Hotel Indicators

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Thousands

Month

Figure 2.3.1: Monthly Cruise Passenger Arrivals 2012-2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

http://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/2016_clia_sotci.pdf

http://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/2016_clia_sotci.pdf

http://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/cruises/2016/12/29/biggest-cruise-stories-2016/95908650/

http://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/cruises/2016/12/29/biggest-cruise-stories-2016/95908650/

http://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/breaking-down-the-cruising-industry-s-biggest-winners-losers-in-2016.html

http://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/breaking-down-the-cruising-industry-s-biggest-winners-losers-in-2016.html

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The figures revealed an equal distribution in performance

among the four regions. Growth was recorded in both the

Western (4.9%) and the Northern (2.5%) Caribbean. In

contrast, decreases were registered in the Eastern

Caribbean (-1.6%), the largest sub region for cruise

passenger arrivals, and the Southern Caribbean (-0.9%),

the smallest sub region.

Notes: * Jan-Nov, ** Jan-Oct, *** Jan-Sep, # Jan-Jul, ## Jan-Jun, ^ Jan-Apr, ^^ Jan-Feb

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

St. Vincent & the G’dines **

Trinidad & Tobago

Guadeloupe ^^

Martinique

Dominica

Haiti ^

Grenada

Barbados ***

Bermuda *

Curacao

St. Kitts & Nevis ##

Aruba *

Saint Lucia

Antigua & Barbuda

Dominican Republic *

British Virgin Islands


Belize

St. Maarten #

Puerto Rico **

Jamaica

Cayman Islands

U S Virgin Islands

Cozumel (Mexico)

Bahamas **

Percentage

Figure 2.3.2: Change in Cruise Passenger Arrivals by Volume

Table 2.3.2: Monthly Cruise Passenger Arrivals (‘000)

Month 2015 2016e %CH 16/15

JAN 3,207.4 3,233.3r 0.8

FEB 2,949.6 3,061.4r 3.8

MAR 3,185.9 3,290.8r 3.3

QTR1 9,342.9 9,585.5r 2.6

APR 2,353.6 2,193.3r -6.8

MAY 1,407.1 1,482.1r 5.3

JUN 1,440.4 1,515.2r 5.2

QTR2 5,201.1 5,190.6r -0.2

JUL 1,509.0 1,538.9r 2.0

AUG 1,381.3 1,514.3r 9.6

SEP 1,282.4 1,338.1r 4.3

QTR3 4,172.7 4,391.4r 5.2

OCT 1,463.3 1,368.2 -6.5

NOV 2,478.7 2,554.6 3.1

DEC 3,345.8 3,252.8 -2.8

QTR4 7,287.8 7,175.6 -1.5

TOTAL 26,004.5 26,343.0 1.3



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3. Air Passenger Performance Worldwide, international air travel expanded by 6.1%

between January and November, according to data from

the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Demand (Revenue passenger kilometres, RPKs) was

moderate to robust across most sub regions, so too was

the performance in international passenger capacity

(Available seat kilometres, ASKs). Only in the Middle East

did capacity grow faster than demand; consequently, it

was the only region whose load factor fell below the 2015

level.

By region, the Middle East (10.9%) and Asia & the Pacific

(9.0%) led travel demand, while Latin America (3.5%) and

North America (3.2%) had the slowest growth rates.

4. Visitor Expenditure To date, there is very limited data on visitor spending in

the destinations for 2016. As outlined above, both tourist

and cruise passenger arrivals increased. However, many

currencies struggled against the US dollar. Consequently,

total visitor expenditure rose but at a slower pace than

the rate of stay-over arrivals. Overall, visitors to the

region spent an estimated US$35.5 billion, an increase of

3.5% (See Table 4.1).

Table 4.1: Estimates of Visitor Expenditure in the Caribbean (US$M)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e %CH

Visitor Expenditure

29,592.2 31,097.1 32,956.0 34,316.4 35,522.5 3.5

Note: Imputed from data on Cruise Passenger travel to member countries


5. Outlook and Conclusion In the annals of Caribbean tourism, 2016 will be

remembered as another successful year for the region’s

main foreign exchange earner. New record levels of

tourist arrivals, cruise passenger arrivals and visitor

expenditure were achieved. The year will also be

remembered as a challenging one by the hotel sector,

which seems to be under stress by the evolution of a new

player in the accommodation sector – “the sharing

economy”.

The year also saw the election of a new Republican

administration in the United States and the success of a


3%

St. Kitts and Nevis4%Belize

4%

Puerto Rico6%

St. Maarten6%

Jamaica1%

Cayman Islands

7%

US Virgin Islands

7%

Cozumel15%

Bahamas19%

Other Destinations

28%

Fiigure 2.3.3: Main Cruise Destinations : % Share - 2016e

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

World TheMiddleEast

AsiaPacific

Africa Europe LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

Table 3.1: Percentage Change in Air Demand and Capacity

RPK

ASK

P a g e | 11


referendum which mandates that the United Kingdom

withdraw from the European Union. Both these events

could impact the performance of tourism going forward.

Cuba was the destination that offered the greatest

growth potential. However, at the end of 2016, several

US-based airlines, citing reduced demand, announced

they were cutting some of the promised capacity for 2017

to the destination.

For the reasons stated above, we expect that tourist

arrivals to the region will grow at a slower rate of

between 2.5 and 3.5% in 2017.

Further expansion of the cruise industry is expected in

2017; 26 new ocean vessels with a combined capacity of

over 30 thousand passengers12 are expected to sail from

the shipyards. The anticipated rise in cruise passenger

arrivals to the region has been estimated to be between

1.5% and 2.5%.

About the Caribbean Tourism Organization

The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), with headquarters in Barbados and offices in New York and London, is the Caribbean’s tourism development agency comprising membership of the region’s finest countries and territories including Dutch, English, French and Spanish, as well as a myriad of private sector allied members. The CTO’s vision is to position the Caribbean as the most desirable, year round, warm weather destination by 2017, and its purpose is Leading Sustainable Tourism - One Sea, One Voice, One Caribbean. Among the benefits to its members the organization provides specialized support and technical assistance in sustainable tourism development, marketing, communications, advocacy, human resource development, research and information technology. In addition, the CTO, in partnership with the Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association, jointly and equally owns the Caribbean Tourism Development Company, a marketing and business development entity dedicated to promoting the Caribbean brand worldwide. The CTO’s Headquarters is located at Baobab Tower, Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados BB 22026; Tel: (246) 427-5242; Fax: (246) 429-3065; E-mail: [email protected]; The CTO’s New York office is located at 80 Broad St., Suite 3302, New York, NY 10004, USA: Tel: (212) 635-9530; Fax: (212) 635-9511; E-mail: [email protected]; The CTO’s London office is located at The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey TW9 1BP, England. Tel: 011 44 208 948 0057; Fax: 011 44 208 948 0067; E-mail: [email protected]; For more information on the Caribbean Tourism Organization please visit www.OneCaribbean.org. Get the latest CTO updates on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/ctotourism. Connect with CTO on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/CaribbeanTourismOrganization.

12 https://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/clia-2017-state-of-the-industry.pdf?sfvrsn=0

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.twitter.com/ctotourism

https://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/clia-2017-state-of-the-industry.pdf?sfvrsn=0

https://www.cruising.org/docs/default-source/research/clia-2017-state-of-the-industry.pdf?sfvrsn=0


APPENDIX

Table A1 - Tourist (Stop-Over) Arrivals and Cruise Passenger Visits In 2016

Destination Tourists Cruise Passengers

Period Visits % Change

2016/15 Period Visits

% Change

2016/15

Anguilla Jan-Nov 70,713 8.9 - - -

Antigua & Barbuda * Jan-Dec 265,187 5.9 Jan-Dec 608,503 -5.6

Aruba Jan-Dec 1,101,954 -10.0 Jan-Nov 555,401 7.8

Bahamas P Jan-Sep 1,198,434 2.0 Jan-Oct 3,769,559 3.8

Barbados P Jan-Sep 457,670 5.8 Jan-Sep 394,410 -0.4

Belize P Jan-Dec 385,583 13.0 Jan-Dec 1,005,394 4.9

Bermuda *

Jan-Nov 231,127 10.7 Jan-Nov 396,216 7.2

Bonaire - - - - - -

British Virgin Islands Jan-Dec 406,027 3.3 Jan-Dec 699,105 35.4

Cayman Islands Jan-Dec 385,451 0.0 Jan-Dec 1,711,849 -0.3

Cozumel (Mexico) -

- - Jan-Dec 3,637,321 7.1

Cuba Jan-Aug 2,715,484 11.7 - - -

Curacao Jan-Dec 441,226 -5.8 Jan-Dec 471,327 -11.3

Dominica P Jan-Nov 69,988 2.8 Jan-Dec 277,132 -1.6

Dominican Republic * Jan-Dec 5,959,347 6.7 Jan-Nov 663,871 59.4

Grenada P Jan-Dec 144,333 2.6 Jan-Dec 314,743 16.3

Guadeloupe - - - Jan-Feb 135,506 -19.1

Guyana Jan-Sep 170,318 11.1 - - -

Haiti P Jan-Apr 141,957 -14.5 Jan-Apr 284,957 -9.4

Jamaica Jan-Dec 2,181,684 2.8 Jan-Dec 1,655,565 5.5

Martinique Jan-Dec 519,304 6.6 Jan-Dec 276,056 14.3

Montserrat Jan-Jul 5,138 5.5 -

- -

Puerto Rico ** Jan-Oct 1,488,998 0.1 Jan-Oct 1,086,956 -5.7

Saint Lucia Jan-Dec 347,872 0.9 Jan-Dec 587,749 -13.2

St. Kitts & Nevis ^ Jan-Feb 21,196 -6.1 Jan-Jun 524,546 -7.3

St. Maarten * Jan-Aug 377,369 5.5 Jan-Jul 1,029,027 -17.7

St. Vincent & the G’dines Jan-Oct 63,067 6.6 Jan-Oct 58,826 9.2

Suriname Jan-Feb 26,713 -25.6 - - -

Trinidad & Tobago ***

Jan-Dec 408,782 -7.0 Jan-Dec 82,698 4.1

Turks & Caicos Islands Jan-Dec 453,612 17.5 Jan-Dec 846,963 -8.9

U S Virgin Islands Jan-Nov 715,101 3.9 Jan-Dec 1,776,685 -5.4

* Non-Resident Air Arrivals **Non-Resident Hotel registrations only *** Air Arrivals by Nationality ^ Excludes data from Vance M. Amory Int’l Airport in Nevis P Preliminary figures n New Series n.a. Figures not available - No Cruise Figures are Reported N.B: Figures are subject to revision by reporting countries SOURCE - Data supplied by member countries and available as at February 12, 2017


Table A2 - Tourist Arrivals by Main Market – 2016

Destination Period

United States Canada Europe Other Total

Tourists % ch. Tourists % ch. Tourists % ch. Tourists % ch. Tourists % ch.

Anguilla Jan-Nov 44,692 7.7 3,001 3.7 7,988 14.2 15,032 11.1 70,713 8.9

Antigua & Barbuda * Jan-Dec 108,652 14.8 21,196 -8.9 95,956 -0.3 39,383 8.5 265,187 5.9

Aruba Jan-Dec 628,765 1.2 42,059 -4.8 86,743 7.6 344,387 -28.1 1,101,954 -10.0

Bahamas P Jan-Sep 949,500 3.6 100,614 -13.5 71,388 -13.5 76,932 1.8 1,198,434 2.0

Barbados P Jan-Sep 123,820 10.7 56,191 1.1 182,410 2.1 95,249 10.0 457,670 5.8

Belize P Jan-Dec 254,543 18.3 21,866 -9.0 42,631 4.1 66,543 9.1 385,583 13.0

Bermuda * Jan-Nov 173,377 15.7 22,065 -5.3 27,452 -1.5 8,233 7.3 231,127 10.7

Cayman Islands Jan-Dec 300,571 3.0 23,274 -4.2 29,220 -14.5 32,386 -7.8 385,451 0.0

Cuba 1 Jan-Mar - - 527,757 -4.3 352,370 37.7 410,740 24.6 1,290,867 13.5

Curacao Jan-Dec 59,573 -3.3 17,858 -2.0 205,643 4.4 158,152 -17.5 441,226 -5.8

Dominica P Jan-Nov 17,525 9.2 2,722 0.7 13,049 4.7 36,692 -0.6 69,988 2.8

Dominican Republic * Jan-Dec 2,085,186 4.2 768,486 3.0 1,261,577 11.2 1,844,098 7.4 5,959,347 6.4

Grenada P Jan-Dec 45,304 10.7 10,723 -0.6 30,882 -5.2 57,424 1.7 144,333 2.6

Guyana Jan-Sep 67,684 6.6 17,628 -0.4 9,535 15.8 75,471 18.1 170,318 11.1

Haiti Jan-Apr 106,902 -17.5 11,074 -12.2 13,557 34.6 10,424 -24.6 141,957 -14.5

Jamaica Jan-Dec 1,406,058 4.6 372,137 -4.9 294,709 5.5 108,780 0.6 2,181,684 2.8

Montserrat Jan-Jul 1,492 10.5 307 -6.1 1,458 1.7 1,881 6.9 5,138 5.5

Puerto Rico ** Jan-Sep 1,237,749 -0.2 14,388 -13.3 30,495 8.3 101,892 27.8 1,384,524 1.5

Saint Lucia Jan-Dec 157,576 3.2 37,772 -2.3 80,169 -6.2 72,355 6.4 347,872 0.9

St. Kitts & Nevis ^ Jan-Feb 13,000 -11.4 2,142 10.7 2,274 0.0 3,780 2.4 21,196 -6.1

St. Maarten Jan-Aug ---- 242,403 ---- 8.3 98,385 23.6 36,581 -32.4 377,369 5.5

St. Vincent & the G’dines Jan-Oct 18,277 6.8 5,782 1.6 17,105 2.8 21,903 11.1 63,067 6.6

Suriname Jan-Feb 889 -16.4 510 14.1 11,971 -26.8 13,343 -26.0 26,713 -25.6

Trinidad & Tobago *** Jan-Dec 174,163 -4.4 49,981 -6.0 59,968 -12.1 124,670 -8.5 408,782 -7.0

Turks & Caicos Islands Jan-Dec 365,854 16.1 44,974 23.2 14,556 27.7 28,228 23.3 453,612 17.5

* Non-Resident Air Arrivals **Non-Resident Hotel registrations only *** Air Arrivals by Nationality - missing data

^ Excludes data from Vance M. Amory Int’l Airport in Nevis P Preliminary figures 1 USA total included in Other

N.B U.S.V.I reported figures in this tables are Hotel Registrations whereas they reported Stay Over totals are Air Arrivals

N.B: Figures are subject to revision by reporting countries

SOURCE - Data supplied by member countries and available as at February 12, 2017


Table A3 - Tourist Arrivals Into The Caribbean From Major European Markets – 2016

EUROPE UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE GERMANY ITALY THE

NETHERLANDS SWEDEN SPAIN OTHER

Country PERIOD 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH 2016 % CH

Anguilla Jan-Nov 7,988 14.2 2,670 9.9 . . 583 57.6 983 -14.7 . . . . . . 3,752 23.4

Antigua & Barbuda* Jan-Dec 95,956 -0.3 76,502 -1.8 1,632 -10.8 2,165 -13.6 8,600 22.3 282 -6.0 687 -5.5 646 3.7 5,442 1.8

Aruba Jan-Dec 86,743 7.6 18,428 49.8 . . 4,674 -5.0 7,626 -0.2 36,342 2.0 6,267 5.6 1,808 -2.5 11,598 -5.8

Barbados P Jan-Sep 182,410 2.1 154,882 2.7 . . 8,013 -4.8 . . . . . . . . 19,515 -0.3

Belize P Jan-Dec 42,631 4.1 13,341 5.5 4,567 7.2 5,987 9.9 2,773 9.0 2,849 1.7 1,212 -8.5 1,997 16.9 9,905 -3.0

Bermuda Jan-Nov 27,452 -1.5 20,577 -3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,875 4.7

Cayman Islands Jan-Dec 29,220 -14.5 14,919 -7.0 1,141 8.7 1,641 -6.0 1,924 -0.6 684 19.4 585 20.9 3,668 -58.4 4,658 31.9

Cuba Jan-Mar 352,370 37.7 52,159 20.6 62,422 40.9 74,146 40.3 67,196 71.5 12,607 29.6 10,347 24.2 34,638 82.5 38,855 -1.1

Curacao Jan-Dec 205,643 4.4 2,790 3.9 2,060 4.5 22,119 5.4 1,463 -3.5 156,402 4.5 2,173 -8.1 . . 18,636 3.6

Dom Republic * Jan-Dec 1,261,57

7 11.2 165,111 16.2 232,024 2.0 259,133 4.7 81,729 -5.7 42,697 17.7 16,652 23.9 169,760 -1.4 294,471 41.2

Dominica P Jan-Nov 13,049 4.7 4,515 -2.5 4,553 19.9 1,234 -13.0 128 0.8 331 -19.5 304 10.9 156 43.1 1,828 8.0

Grenada P Jan-Dec 30,882 -5.2 23,848 -3.4 973 -16.5 2,040 -14.2 545 -3.5 . . 455 2.0 . . 3,021 -10.0

Guyana Jan-Sep 9,535 15.8 5,427 14.7 267 -0.4 347 14.1 141 53.3 1,578 13.2 80 -8.0 95 13.1 1,600 25.7

Haiti Jan-Apr 13,557 34.6 . . 9,908 58.7 . . 559 1.8 . . . . . . 3,090 -5.9

Jamaica Jan-Dec 294,709 5.5 206,470 3.8 5,277 4.6 20,768 1.2 12,893 36.0 6,652 1.0 10,610 21.3 3,387 13.1 28,652 6.3

Montserrat Jan-Jul 1,458 1.7 1,299 3.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 -13.1

Puerto Rico ** Jan-Sep 30,495 8.3 3,874 3.5 1,790 -16.2 2,755 -20.4 1,216 -10.3 936 -30.8 2,618 292.5 7,041 -3.7 10,265 26.3

Saint Lucia Jan-Dec 80,169 -6.2 64,514 -5.4 4,440 -22.1 2,272 -23.3 . . . . . . . . 8,943 3.4

St Kitts And Nevis^ Jan-Feb 2,274 0.0 1,773 -3.9 74 37.0 59 -11.9 28 47.4 27 -20.8 30 50.0 36 500.0 247 7.9

St Maarten * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

St Vincent & G'dines

Jan-Oct 17,105 2.8 13,576 2.5 661 11.8 574 2.0 414 19.0 70 -18.6 360 8.4 117 15.8 1,333 -2.8

Suriname Jan-Feb 11,971 -26.8 106 -57.3 1,152 -44.4 87 -25.0 32 -72.6 10,051 -22.8 11 -54.2 19 -58.7 513 -27.9

Trinidad & Tobago Jan-Dec 59,968 -12.1 32,839 -10.7 3,887 -9.6 4,226 -4.6 1,405 -5.2 4,462 0.8 1,326 -52.6 1,407 -12.0 10,416 -16.0

Turks & Caicos Is. Jan-Dec 14,556 27.7 8,991 40.5 1,256 22.3 363 -6.0 1,960 33.2 . . . . . . 1,986 -6.3

* Non-Resident Air Arrivals **Non-Resident Hotel registrations only ^ Excludes data from Vance M. Amory Int’l Airport in Nevis P Preliminary figures - missing data

N.B: Figures are subject to revision by reporting countries



Table A4: Tourist Arrivals into The Caribbean from Other Markets

Destination Period OTHER CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA REST of the WORLD

Tourists %ch Tourists %ch Tourists %ch Tourists %ch

Anguilla Jan-Nov 15,032 11.1 12,404 7.1 . . 2,628 34.5

Antigua & Barbuda * Jan-Dec 39,383 8.5 33,898 11.3 1,660 -20.3 3,825 1.5

Aruba Jan-Dec 344,387 -28.1 35,554 -4.7 285,966 -31.9 22,867 6.5

Bahamas P Jan-Sep 76,932 1.8 14,075 10.8 . . 62,857 0.0

Barbados P Jan-Sep 95,249 10.0 75,595 13.1 . . 19,654 -0.6

Belize P Jan-Dec 66,543 9.1 2,820 6.7 5,193 9.6 58,530 9.2

Bermuda * Jan-Nov 8,233 7.3 2,458 . . . 5,775 .

Cayman Islands Jan-Dec 32,386 -7.8 20,955 . 2,187 . 9,244 .

Cuba Jan-Mar 410,740 24.6 . . . . . .

Curacao Jan-Dec 158,152 -17.5 46,013 -5.6 94,995 -23.0 17,144 -11.9

Dominican Republic * Jan-Dec 1,844,098 7.4 176,392 6.9 721,132 4.3 946,574 9.9

Dominica P Jan-Oct 36,692 -0.6 34,517 0.9 688 -13.4 1,487 -21.6

Grenada P Jan-Dec 57,424 1.7 23,113 3.3 1,268 -72.9 33,043 12.4

Guyana Jan-Sep 75,471 18.1 58,018 39.1 12,292 -30.0 5,161 10.9

Haiti Jan-Apr 10,424 -24.6 5,763 -32.3 2,262 -8.8 2,399 -15.6

Jamaica Jan-Dec 108,780 0.6 66,304 4.8 17,271 -12.5 25,205 0.4

Montserrat Jan-Jul 1,881 6.9 1,823 9.8 . . 58 -40.8

Puerto Rico ** Jan-Sep 101,892 27.8 22,819 -7.5 14,218 -7.6 64,855 63.4

Saint Lucia Jan-Dec 72,355 6.4 67,226 7.1 . . 5,129 -2.5

St Kitts &Nevis ^ Jan-Feb 3,780 2.4 3,097 2.1 151 -10.1 532 8.4

St Maarten * Jan-Aug 36,581 -32.4 13,840 -24.3 9,586 -18.9 13,155 -45.3

St Vincent & G'dines Jan-Oct 21,903 11.1 20,120 14.1 761 -26.8 1,022 -1.3

Suriname Jan-Feb 13,343 -26.0 5,226 -43.6 5,487 -27.4 2,630 118.1

Trinidad & Tobago Jan-Dec 124,670 -8.9 83,333 -2.5 27,413 -23.4 13,924 -7.1

Turks & Caicos Islands Jan-Dec 28,228 23.3 20,486 21.3 1,264 -18.2 6,478 45.4

* Non-Resident Air Arrivals **Non-Resident Hotel registrations only ^ Excludes data from Vance M. Amory Int’l Airport in Nevis P Preliminary figures - missing data N.B: Figures are subject to revision by reporting countries



Glossary of Tourism Indicators Tourists - visitors staying at least one night in the country visited, but less than a year.

Same-day - visitors who do not overnight in the country visited.

Cruise Passengers are regarded as a special type of same-day visitor (even if the ship overnights at the port).

Yacht Visitors are included among the tourist (stay-over) or same day populations based on their length of stay.

Length of Stay - Obtained by dividing the number of overnight stays by the number of arrivals. This is usually calculated by country of residence of the guest and the type of accommodation.

Occupancy Rate - Provides information on differences in the use among various types of accommodation and the seasonal patterns in occupancy. Occupancy can be divided into the following categories:

o Bed Occupancy - The gross occupancy rate of bed places is calculated by dividing the hotel overnight stays by the product of bed places on offer and the number of days in the corresponding month for the same group of establishments, then multiplying the quotient by 100 to express as a percentage.

o Room Occupancy Rate - For Hotels and similar establishments the net rate of room occupancy is a measure of capacity utilization. It is calculated by dividing the monthly or yearly sum of occupied rooms by the number of rooms available for use, then multiplying the quotient by 100 to express as a percentage.

Tourism Expenditure - the total consumption expenditure made by a visitor for and during his or her trip and stay at a destination. This can be broken down into the following categories:

o International and domestic tourism expenditure o Expenditure on Same-day visits o The products to which the expenditure relates to (e.g. accommodation, meals and drinks, shopping,

entertainment etc...)

Average Daily Rate (ADR) - Room revenue divided by rooms sold, displayed as the average rental rate for a single room.

% Change - Amount of growth - up, flat, or down - this period versus same period last year (month or year-to-date). Calculated as ((TY - LY) / LY) * 100.

Revenue (Room Revenue) - Total room revenue generated from the sale or rental of rooms.

RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room) - Room revenue divided by rooms available.

Revenue passenger kilometres (RPK) is a measure of the volume of passengers carried by an airline. A revenue passenger-kilometre is flown when a revenue passenger is carried one kilometre.


Regional Groupings Caribbean OECS Countries - Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, British Virgin Is., Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, St Kitts & Nevis, St Vincent & Grenadines Other Commonwealth Countries - Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands Commonwealth Countries - OECS + Other Commonwealth Dutch Caribbean - Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St Eustatius, St Maarten French Caribbean - Guadeloupe, Martinique US Territories - Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands Other Caribbean - Cancun, Cozumel, Cuba, Dom Republic, Haiti, Suriname CARICOM - Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, St Kitts & Nevis, St Vincent & Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago Northern Caribbean - Bahamas, Bermuda, Turks & Caicos Islands Eastern Caribbean - Antigua & Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Maarten, US Virgin Islands Southern Caribbean - Aruba, Barbados, Bonaire, Curaçao, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines , Trinidad & Tobago Western Caribbean - Belize, Cayman Islands, Cozumel, Jamaica South America - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

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