p.

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STOPRUH * 433 OCT/15/85 12 = 21"' US'- 0*1

C RT AREA TYPE AR/HT AREi\@ 19 £4794 PB 6 091 6.*i RW * 434 OCT/15>-S5 12=50 = :-?:.W 69630 PB 6.251 9.9?'528 73153 PP 6.274 0.* AR»«5 85 4 4359E 7 PB e.216 24. 8' RT AREA TYPE ARxHT ARE:17 ' 49 8 " 9649E+67 SPB 8 . 253 49 . 8C 6-19 £5634 BB e . 68? 8 . 9E6 16 43886147 TBB 8.216 24.5T- 5.86 4.3489E+87 PB 8.213 44.8*-987 511188 BB 8.274 8.2? '• ?-« 9719886 PP 6.251 18.8'1161 38 48 BB 8.466 8.r' 8.18 4.2862E*87 PB 6.231 44. If14:73 536488 BB 8.564 8.3 9-87 945918 PB 6.319 8.?r-

lnnflUflREft= 1.7873E+98 ___ "TflL «REft= 9.7841E+87

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— —— ----- STOP«UN t 433 GCT/15/85 15=88 = -'': $)0T+ £

AREA*RT AREA TYPE AR/HT AREf:8.19 16994 BB 8.86S S.flf:"-. RUN t 448 OCT/ 15/85 15'37 = '-.1.24 7647£8 PB 8.222 l.er"3.62 357226 PP 6.465 6.3S _AREA'/.4.81 1137288 PB 8.258 1.6T RT AREA TYPE AR/HT ARE-1

" 5.84 1.7544E+87 PB 8.213 24.8 8.18 19465 PB 8 868 8.8:" 7 59 1 7943E+87 PV 8.23S 24.* 2.52 565298 BP 8.386 8.SP''8.16 3.86a6E+87 VB 8.238 41. 2 3.78 319668 PB 6.253 8.9-:,9 95 59567 BB 8.191 6.8**- 5 3l 71318 PH 8.334 6.8P

. 11.57 583378 BB 8.468 8.8FM 5.85 6.8896E+87 SHH 8.248 24. 6U14.64 2318186 PB 8.267 3. IP 7 48 9.2454E+87 SHH 8.232 33. 4?17.65 2857588 PB 6.299 2.8?':, 8,16 1 . 1S32E+88 SHB. . 8.256 40.5 g18. 93 48724 ... BB 8 226_ ___6 W ___ 9. 83 3889588 TBS 8 .279 1 . If

J

L ARtA= 7.2886E+87 TOTAL rtR£A= 3.7674E+WFACTOR=

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RT AREA TYPE AR/HT ftREf).. £- 8 1267788 PB 8 . 282 9 3T9 19 16524 PB 8 871 6 9' . 5.82 1.9425E+e& tSPH 8.385 51.6T.5 8S 3.eil5E+«7 PB 8.214 37:37- 7.39 1 . 76?6E+e8 tSHB 8.354 47. er7.49 2.5S71E+87 PV 8.238 25.43, 8.26 3296506 TBB 6.264 6.8 _8.17 3.7648E+87 . VB 8.223 36. Qf~ 9-87 476468 TBB 8.268 0.1^9.88 368896 BB 8.286 B.3* n-64 ^ ^ TBB

r TOWL««- FACTOR* 1 .8*

8,75

STOPSTOP .

RUN * 446 OCT '15/85 " 18:39:;'.RUN* 443 -OCT/15/85 17 = 83 = '., 44*

^r- v. RT AREA TYPt ftR/HT AREA"RT AREA TYPE . AR/HT ARE^. 8 19 18163 BB 8.971 9^:0 18 15734 BB 9.866 |.« . £.75 155266 6P 0 977 8 ?i.£'43 _ 1368900 PB 8.295 8. . 5 86 4.73956+87 PB e.295 g.|r;5'79~2-74a7E+88~1'SBH 6.528 51.7 , 7.42 £.218SE-t-e7 PB 8.213 3» 5-;7 37 Z.44WE+«8"tSHB 8.477 46.8* 3 £0 ££61866 BB @.£51 3.1:.8"l7 8715568 TBB 8.221 1 .|i' 9>89 6ie43<* BV 8.369 8.8-9.84 _.144658e TBB 8.288 8.2.

TOTAL AREA= 7.2628E+87TrtL «EA- S.2S88E+e8 m_ FftCTOR=«L FACTOR- i.a««e*w

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AREA*TYRT AREA TYPE AR/HT AREfY- . p '

8.18 "17444 BB 6.676 8.0H- 5 « , f i s e ? p l95.84 i.23B3E 8 tSPB 6. £53 69. 8"* E ' "•

« « r - 8.15E3E+87 SHE 6.247 44.9?S.I 9 8285888 TVV 8.323 4.7C « 87 491908 RR * ?5? a P~9.83 3688308 TPB 6.383 2.W . 79 1E34580 PB 8.389 e'lr-

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. ..- - ,_ _ , =„..,=_- -APPENDIX J

FEDERAL AND STATE DRINKING WATER AND HDMAN HEALTH STANDARDS,CRITERIA, AND GUIDELINES APPLICABLE IN THE STATE OP

- _ - - ; - " " :'_-\, 1- .."PENNSYLVANIA

• --"'fnfti'MitirtTtQc

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7. INTRODUCTION

Regulations concerning ground water have been greatly expanded in the past decade, both at the state andfederal (wets. At the federal level, ground-water quality is regulated under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act(Clean Water Act), the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act of 1990 (Superfund), the Safe Onnking Water Act. and the ResourceConservation and Recovery Act Such a diversity of regulations, even at the federal level, has led to numerouslevels of ground-water protection, both use- and site-specific However, regulations have not been made under aunified framework.' The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of developing a ground-water protection policy wfucn wilt provide for such a unified framework.Currently, them exists a number of reviews of ground-water standards: State of the States: Water ResourcesPfenning and Management Ground-water Supplement, May 7987. and Fiscal Year 7987 Update, September79S7 published by the U.S. Water Resources Council. This update provides a status report on the development ofregulations within the states but does not provide specifics on the state regulations. Another document.G/oundwtfef Contamination in tfte United States, in preparation by the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,contains substantial information on the occurrence, use. .and quality of ground water in the United States.Standards are discussed in detail for a number of states, but the information is not comprehensive tor ail thestates. The American Petroleum Institute recognized the need for a publication which would provide specificinformation tor every state m a readily updatabie format To this end. Ecological Analysts, Inc. was retained todevelop an initial survey of the basic information on federal and state regulations concerning the use andprotection of ground water,Much of the information discussed in this guide—particularly aquifer classification and ground-water qualitystandards—may utfenatety be impacted through EPAs fmalization of the ground-water protection policy. EPAsintenm final regulations tor land disposal of hazardous waste have just taken effect (26 January 1983), and manystates are now m the process of obtaining authorization to implement state programs. EPA has not yet finalized allrequirements for the development of Underground Injection Control programs under the Safe Drinking Water Act.R 3 dear, therefore, that ground-water regulations will be in a state of flux for the next several years. Theintormatton provided in this guide is based on regulations effective January 1983. The current status of ground-water standards in each state should be investigated before making final environmental management decisions.The Guide to Ground-Water Standards of the United States is comprised of two parts. 'The first part. Sections 1through 4. contains an overview of technical and regulatory concepts and terminology, and a summary of thefederal programs which provide the basis for the state regulations. The second pan. Section 5. providesaiphabettcalty arranged summaries for each of the stales and territories.

'1

GUIDE TO GROUND-WATER STANDARDS—————————————— OF THE UNITED STATES

API PUBLICATION 4366

JULY 1983

Prepared byEcological Analysts, inc.15 Loveton CircleSparks, Maryland 21152

Ii1III

1

Geologic untts that an> capable of delivering useabie quantities of water to wells are called aquifers. In general, the j-best" aquifers are those that am highly permeable and porous. Examples of these aquifers are unconsolidatedsediment, sand and gravel deposits, sandstones and conglomerates, and some carbonate and volcanic rocks.Geologic units that are unable to supply wells are commonly called confining beds and formally referred to as " !aquitards or aquicludes. These are generally day beds, shales and siltstones. or dense, crystalline rocks that ^nave tow porosity or permeability.

Porosity which results from grain size distribution and degree of compaction or cementation is called primary ""?porosity. Secondary porosity can result from features, joints, and bedding planes. When mineral matter in the rock jbecomes dissolved and leaves open spaces (common in carbonate rocks), solution porosity results. Dunng thecooling of -wolcantc rock, particularly basalt, open fractures and channels can form. Secondary porosity can permitan aquitard. such as shale, to become highly saturated with water. However, this feature is often localized and jhigWy vanable. Permeability. Le., interconnection of secondary porosity, must also be high to allow movement of j.water into wells.Aquifers and aquitards are commonly intertayered in a stratigraphic sequence. When an aquitard overlies an ' [aquiiec the aquifer is confined and is generally recharged in upgradient areas where the aquitard is absent. In Junconftned aquifers, also called water table aquifers, water infiltrates and recharges the aquifer directly from thesurface. For both types of aquifers, water in a well will rise up to a point where the hydrostatic pressure is equal toatmospheric pressure. For confined aquifers, this water level is referred to as the potentiometric surface. Thissurface is generally at a higher elevation man the base of the aquitard which defines the top of the aquifer. When -~ •the eievaton of the potentiometric surface is higher than the land surface, water will flow from the well withoutpumping and the aquifer is referred to as artesian. • ;-In an unconfined aquifer, the water level in a well will be at the same elevation as the top of the zone of saturation jin the aquifer outside the well. i.e.. the water table. The depth to the water table is variable and depends upon localtopography, precipitation, and Uthology. The water table generally follows surface contours, although it is usually - -,less pronounced. Seasonal variations in rainfall will also affect the water table depth. During periods of high ^rainfall and recharge, the water table will rise, as it also falls during periods of low rainfall. Ground water, however. P —ts much less susceptible to rainfall variation than surface water.

Z4 GROUND-WATER FLOW \

In order to pump ground water out of a well, it must be able to flow into trie well. Under natural conditions, ground-water flow is normally stow, ranging from a few feet per day to a few feet per year. Since ground water is moving , ' •".mrough pore space or fractures in soil or rock units, the resistance to flow is very high and the flow path istortuous. Ground-water flow itself results from gravity and pressure gradients caused by elevation differences. ''Below me water table, ground water flows downward and laterally, following changes in elevation and hydrostaticpressure. The direction of ftow is away from high pressure, recharge areas and toward low pressure, dischargeareas such as streams, lakes, oceans, or pumping wells. The residence time of ground water from recharge to Jdischarge can be very long—hundreds and even thousands of years. In comparison, water in river channels hasan average turnover time of two weeks.Despite normally slow ambient velocities, ground water can flow quickly when being pumped. Flow rates in thevranity ot a pumping well can reach 5 feet per minute or more. As pumping begins, water flows quickly into the well '~Jbecause of high suction pressure, and the water table is lowered near the well The drawdown of the water table isthe difference between me static water table level and the pumping water level. At the pump a cone-shaped area '(the cone of depression} is dewatered. As pumping continues, the cone of depression enlarges and the water ^table is lowered over a larger area. The maximum level of pumping that can be maintained wtthout-the water tabledropping below the pump intake is called the well yield. If the well yield is exceeded, the pump will run dry. Eachaquifer can have different well yields, depending on the aquifers' geological characteristics. -_. {

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Afi301229

2. GflOlWD-VMfEK CONCEPTS AND TERM/NOLOGY

A bnef summary of ground-water concepts and terminology is presented here as a foundation for anunderstanding of both the regulations and the need for regulations.

2.1 THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCEGround water is one of our most valuable natural resources and also one of the least understood by the genera!population. Because ground water is a source of fresh-water for drinking water, agricultural use, and industrialprocesses, it is a water suppty that is vital to our well being and economic development.Ground water composes almost half of the drinking water supply in the United States, tt is widely used in manyparts of the country because of its high quality, abundance, availability, and relatively tow cost. Ground water alsoaccounts tor over two-thirds of the water used tor irrigation, primarily in the Western states, and it is also asignificant water suppty for industrial uses. The importance of ground water as a source of water in me UnitedStates is dearly illustrated in the overview table at the beginning of Section 5 which summarizes ground-water useon a state-by-state basis.The basic source of ground water is considered to be precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowmett. Groundwater is an important pan of the hydrologic cycle—the circulation of water from the atmosphere to the land byprecipitation and back to the atmosphere through evaporation.. When precipitation reaches the surface it canevaporate, flow as runoff in surface and streamfiows. or infiltrate the surface to become ground water. The amountof infiltration varies from 10 to 30 percent of precipitation.

2-2 GROUND-WATER COMPOSITIONtt is assumed, and even expected, that the water pumped from wells will be pure. While most well water is potablewitn little or no treatment, the natural quality of ground water varies. The presence and concentrations of minerals,satis, arid metals can be due to natural causes and mans activities. The local geology is the most important factorin determining natural ground-water quality, i.e., the soils and rock units found in me area. From the time waterreacnes the land surface to the time it is pumped out of me ground, it undergoes numerous changes incomposition and quality. Major changes are the addition of dissolved minerals and removal of most bacterialorganisms as a result of reactions between the water and the soil or rock. The amount of change in watercomposition is directly related to geologic variability.When water teaches the land surface, it infiltrates down through soil layers to the water table. During this time,most bacterial organisms are removed from the water due to natural processes. Plant roots and other biologicalorganisms may use some mineral constituents as nutrients. These processes depend on the type of soilencountered by infiltrating water. Generally, finer grained soils act as better Tillers" man coarser-grained soils.As water percolates downward its mineral content increases. Water is the universal solvent and all minerals are tosome extent water soluble. The major inorganic constituents of ground water are bicarbonate, calcium, chloride,magnesium, s»:con, sodium sulfate. and carbonic acid. Most other constituents are present in minor or traceteveis. The concentrations of these constituents depend upon the type of aquifer. For example, ground water incaoonate aqurters will generally have a higher pH and hardness than ground water in crystalline rock. The longerme water is in contact with the aquifer, the higher the concentration of dissolved solids may become. Someaquifers are saline due to a high solids concentration resulting from long residence times of infiltrated groundwater or because the water originally deposited with the aquifer sediment was saline.

2.3 POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY, AQUIFERS AND AQUITARDSPonssrty arxd permeability are two geologic factors that determine whether a soil, sediment, or rock unit willbecome saturated witn water. Porosity is me percentage of open spaces, or voids, in a geologic unit All geologicunits are porous to some extent depending on grain size and distribution, grain packing and shape, and theamount of compaction and cementation. Permeability is a measure of the capacity of a geologic unit to transmitwaier. ana ascends on me interconnection of pores, their size and shape, and grain packing. Porosity andpermeability Determine if a geologic unit can store water and men transmit it to wells and pumps.

ftliOUSG

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33.1 National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations *-'EPA initiated a detailed study of the hearth effects of various contaminants in water soon after the Safe Drinking *'Act (SOWA) was signed into law. So that the regulations could include the findings of this and other studies, the •primary drinking water regulations were to be developed in two stages: an interim version and a final version. The \ }interim version of the regulation became effective 24 June 1977. SDWA provides for delegation of authority to the .,/states. State Primary Drinking Water Regulations must be at least as stringent as the federal regulations.The National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations define Maximum Contaminant Level as the maximum "'"<permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to me free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a , jpublic water system, except in the case of turbidity (applicable to surface water only) where the maximumpermissible level is measured at the point of entry to the distribution system. The MCLs are provided with the state

ines. . ' INational Secondary Drinking Water Regulations '-J

These regulations control contaminants in drinking water that primarily affect the aesthetic qualities relating to me . -.pubic acceptance of drinking water. At considerably higher concentrations of these contaminants, health jimplications may also exist as wen as aesthetic degradation. The National Secondary Dnnking Water Regulations ')are not federally enforceable but are intended as guidelines tor the states.Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) are defined as the maximum permissible level of acontaminant in vwter which is delivered to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a public water system. . J-Federal and state SMCLs are provided in the stale summaries. The states may establish higher or lower levelswhich may be appropriate depending upon local conditions such as unavailability of alternate sources of water or -•.other compelling factors, provided the public hearth and welfare are not adversely affected.

V3.3.3 Sc4e Source AquiferTne Sc4e Source Aquifer provisions of SDWA allow EPA to designate an aquifer as the sole source of drinking "*]wcter for an area thereby guaranteeing protection from contamination by federally assisted activities. Local, ^ u Iregional, or state agencies can petition EPA for sole source designation. The EPA Administrator may designate an ^aquifer which is a sole or principal drinking water source if its contamination would create a significant hazard topubHc hearth, tf the designation is made, no federal money or financial commitment may be made for any protect ' Iwhich the Administrator determines may contaminate the designated aquifer through its recharge zone. JAt this writing, February 1963, EPA has designated the following ten sole source aquifers:Btscayne Aquifer - Florida Nassau and Suffolk counties - New York •' ,Buned Valley Aquifer • New Jersey Cape Cod - MassachusettsHowards Aquifer - Texas Fresno - California fCamano Island—Whidbey Island Aquifer - Washington Ten Mile Creek - MarylandSpokane-RattxJnjm Aquifer - Washington and Idaho Northern Guam Lens - GuamThe following eighteen are under consideration: . 1Arizona New >rbrk. Santa Cruz, Upper Santa Cruz. Aura-Altar Basins Kings and Queens counties

Sardinia j

VestalDelaware

Florida _Voluaia - Roridan Aquifer **J ,•_ ,.., . .,^ Camzo-Wilcox Aquifer

IdahoSnake River Plain - TeJSf? TDelaware Basin

LouisianaBatonRouge A HNiagara Aquifer

I83SI23ICoastal PlainRkJgewcoclUpper Rockaway

F

3. FEDERAL PROTECTION OF GROUNO-WATER QUAUTY

The tederal programs dealing with the protection of ground-water quality are administered largely by theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA). The federal programs which provide the framework for state regulationsare summarized in this section.

3.1 GROUND-WATER PROTECTION POUCY

At this writing, February 1983, U.S. ERAs final policy on ground-water protection, scheduled for September 1982release, has not been published. Based on the proposed strategy published by EPA in November 1980 and recentpress releases, it appears that EPA will be implementing a policy that would give the states lead responsibility inme protection of ground-water quality. EPAs efforts apparently will be focused in three major areas:

1. Development of an internally consistent federal approach to ground-water protection2. Monitoring, research and development efforts directed toward more comprehensive problem definition and

new detection, controls, and clean-up technology development3. Guidance, coordination, and assistance to states in the development of state policies

A significant component of EPA's policy is expected to be a ground-water classification system which could beused to determine the degree of protection needed tor various types of ground water. Ground-water classificationis discussed in Chapter 4. •

3.2 CLEAN WATER ACTThis statute refers to ground-water protection in municipal waste water treatment, planning, and research programs.tts principal regulatory programs, however, focus on surface water. Section 303 empowers EPA to approve states'water quality standards which are based on the states classification of rivers and streams. Many states nave includedground water in their definition of 'waters of the state" for purposes of this act (state summaries). On this basis theNational (state) Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES/SPDES) permitting process may be invocable forpurposes of ground-water protection. In addition the act empowers EPA to

1. Develop a comprehensive program for ground-water pollution control [Section 102(a}]2- in cooperation with states, equip and maintain a surveillance system for monitoring ground-water quality

(Section 104(a)(5)] ""."""" .— - — -- ...— _._._3 Provide grants to states and area-wide agencies to develop ground-water quality management plans to

identify salt water intrusion and control disposal of pollutants in subsurface excavations, and controldisposition of wastes. (May include authority for comprehensive ground-water management plans,including conjunctive use with surface water) [Section I02(c), 20B(b)]

4. Require development of Best Management Practices (BMP) to control nonpoint source pollution problemsto ground-water quality [Section 20B(b)]

5. Develop criteria tor ground-water quality considering kind and extent of effects on health and wetfare fromthe presence of pollutants [Section 304(a)]

6. Determine information necessary to restore and maintain chemical, physical, and biological integrity ofground water [Section 304(a)]

7. issue information on the factors necessary to restore and maintain chemical, physical, and biologicalintegrity of ground water [Sections 304(a)(2)]

X3 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT

This statute authorizes EPA to set maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and monitoring requirements for publicwater systems and provides for me protection of underground sources of drinking water. The MCLs regulate thequality of finished" water, i.e., water as delivered, not the quality of the source water. As discussed below, theMCLs have been utilized by EPA and the states as the basts for other regulations dealing with ground-waterQuality and protection.

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O.S RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT • )

The Solid Wast* Disposal Act and me Resource Recovery Act of 1970. as amended by the Resource r--'Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), require EPA to establish a national program to regulate themanagement of waste materials. :' j

3.6.1 SOU Waste ^Subtitle 0 of RCRA established a broad-based national program to improve solid waste management through the ";development at state and regional solid waste management plans. The act offered federal financial assistance to ' Istates interested in developing and implementing a solid waste management plan. The state plans, under federal ^guidelines, identify respective responsibilities of local, state, and regional authorities, and encourage resourcerecovery and conservations and the application and enforcement of environmentally sound disposal practices. .{A major element of the Subtitle D program is the open dump inventory. Section 4005 of RCRA prohibits open —'dumping, Federal critena for classifying solid waste management facilities are provided in 40 CFR 257. EPAcannot approve a state solid waste management program with less stringent critenar Solid waste management ljfacilities failing to satisfy the criteria are considered open dumps. In order to satisfy these criteria, a facility or jpractice (in addition to other environmental considerations) shall not contaminate an underground drinking water "source beyond the solid waste boundary or beyond an alternative boundary established by me state or in courtpersuant to the stipulations of 40 CFR 257.3-4. Trie federal criteria define contamination as an exceedence of theMCLs provided in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations or an increase in concentration of any '.,_.__parameter for which the ambient concentration exceed the MCL.

3.6.2 Hazardous WasteEP* has issued a series of hazardous waste regulations under Subtitle C of RCRA (40 CFR 260 to 267 and 122 to124). On 19 May 1980. EPA issued a comprehensive set of standards lor generators and transporters ofhazardous weste and "interim status" standards for facilities in existence on 19 November 1980. that treat, store. ^or dispose of hazardous waste. Such facilities were allowed to operate under interim status until they received an P _JRCRA permit Subsequently. EPA issued standards for granting RCRA permits to treatment and storage facilities.Standards for land disposal facilities were issued on 26 July 1982—virtually completing the program for ;controlling hazardous waste under RCRA.The standards for permitting land disposal facilities were issued after a wide range of regulatory options wereconsidamd. Over a period of several years. EPA proposed two different sets of land disposal standards andsolicited comments on various issues. On 13 February 1981. EPA issued temporary standards for new landdisposal facilities. The 26 July regulations replace those temporary standards except for Class I undergroundinjection wells. These will remain subject to the temporary standards until final standards are issued.The regulations consist primarily of two complementary sets of performance standards:

1. A set of design and operating standards tailored to each of four types of facilities2, Ground-water monitoring and response regulations applicable to all land disposal facilities

The design and operating standards implement a liquids management strategy that has two goals:1. Minimize Jeacnate generated at the facility2. Remove feacnate generated to minimize its chance of reaching ground water

The major requirements include1. liner

• Requirement: design to prevent migration of waste out of the facility during its active life• Applicability: landfills, surface impoundments, and waste piles

2. Leachate coiiectjon and removal• Requirement; collect and remove leachate from the facility and ensure that leachate depth over the linerdoes not exceed 30 centimeters (1 foot)

* Applicability: landfills and waste pilesAR30I233A

3.3.4 Underground injection ControlThe Underground Injection Control (UIC) program regulates the uses of underground injection wells to protect anunderground source of drinking water (USDW). USDW means an aquifer or its portion which

1. supplies any public water system or contains a sufficient quantity of ground water to supply a public watersystem;

2. currently supplies drinking water for human consumption or contains less than 10.000 mg/liter totaldissolved solids: and

3. is not an exempted aquifer (40 CFR 146.04 provides criteria for exemption).SDWA requires any state designated by EPA as requiring a UlC program to develop and submit a state UICprogram for EPA approval. EPA has designated each of the fifty states.The federal program classifies injection wells as follows:Class I—Welts used to inject hazardous waste, or other industrial and municipal disposal wells which injectfluids beneath the lower-most formation containing a USDW within one-quarter mile of the well bore.Class II—Wells that inject fluids

1. which are brought to the surface as part of conventional oil or natural gas production and may be mixedwith production waste waters from gas plants, unless those waters are classified as a hazardous waste atthe time of injection;

2. for enhanced recovery of oil or natural gas; and3. for storage of hydrocarbons which are liquid at standard temperature and pressure.

Class til—Wells that inject for extraction of minerals including1. mining of sulfur by the Frasch process;2. in situ production of uranium or other metals. This category includes only in situ production from ore

bodies which have not been conventionally mined. Solution mining of conventional mines such as stopesleaching is included in Class V; and

3. solution mining of salts or potash.Class IV—Wells used to dispose of hazardous or radioactive waste into or above a formation which contains aUSDW within one-quarter mile of the well. Also, wells used to inject hazardous waste that cannot be classifiedas Class I or Class IV under the above criteria are Class IV wells.Ciass V—All other injection wells (40 CFR I46.05(e) and 14631 provide specific information and exemptions).

Underground injection is controlled through the permitting process. Construction, operation, monitoring andreporting activities are controlled. Individual state programs are based upon, and must be essentially equivalentto. the federal criteria and standards (40 CFR 146).

3.4 TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT

This statute (TSCA) authorizes EPA to restrict or prohibit the manufacture, distribution, and use of products whichmay result in unreasonable risk to health and the environment Although ground water is not specifically named inthe Act, EPA has taken the position that the protection of health and the environment includes the protection ofground water.

3-5 FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, RODENTICIDE ACTThis statute (FlFRA) gives EPA the responsibility to control the sate and use of all pesticides to preventunreasonable adverse environmental and hearth effects. The use and disposal of pesticide packages andcontainers is also regulated. In deciding whether to register, cancel, suspend, or change the classificatipesticide. EPA considers a broad range of environmental impacts including those affecting ground

"1PENNSYLVANIA J

OassJflcatlon-Ground water is incfuded in the definition of "Waters of me Commonwealth" as found in the ^ • \Pennsytvenia Clean Streams Law. There is no classification ol ground water. All ground water is generally 'considered suitable as a source of drinking water. • -JQuality Standarda-Ground-water quality standards generally equivalent to drinking water standards are underconsideration. Also, special protection areas, primarily critical ground-water recharge areas, are likely to be ',' Iprotected at ambient quality. ^Drinking Water Standards-Pennsylvania declined to assume primacy for the Safe Drinking Water Act; the 1962Pubfc Health. Services Standards are used for drinking water. ',"Appropriation-The reasonable use system governs ground-water allocations in Pennsylvania. All users are ijentitled to use ground water without permit requirements or restrictions.Controlled Use ATMS—The Delaware and Susquehanna River Basin Commissions have the authority to regulate "jhigh-volume ground-water users within their jurisdictions. The Delaware River Basin Commission requires permits' ,for afl wells producing in excess of 100.000 gallons per day, and has established a Ground-Water Protected Areain southeast Pennsylvania where permits are required for wells producing greater than 10,000 gallons par day.Well Construction-All well drillers must be certified by and follow construction guidelines of the Department of . ! [Environmental Resources. JUnderground Injection Controt-Pennsytvania is not seeking primacy for the federal UIC program. The DERregulate* injection wells through Its own regulations. All injection wells need a permit which Is granted on a case-by-case basts. Currently, only Class V wells are authorized by the DER. ERA administers the federal program, "_including Class II wells.Waste Management Facilities—The solid and hazardous waste management programs are administered by the ' jDepartment of Environmental Resources. J

Solid Waste-The Pennsylvania Solid Waste Regulations require a ground-water monitoring system withquarterly monitoring requirements. Sampling parameters will be established by the Department of ' iEnvironmental Resources which are currently being changed over to RCRA parameters. ^ jHazardous Waste—Pennsylvania has received interim status authorization for its RCRA Phase I program ^and is seeking Phase II authority. Ground-water monitoring requirements include quarterly monitoring for the • {indicator parameters (pH. TOC. TOH. specific conductance, and others) and semi-annual monitoring for the jquality parameters (Cl. Pa, Mn. Na. SO*. Phenol, and others). In addition, during the first year of operation, Jthe primary drinking water standards must be monitored quarterly.

Sote Source Aquifers-There are currently none;.the Seven Valleys aquifer in York County is under Jconsideration. VJ.Geological Surveys-topographic and Geologic Survey Water Resources Division .C7Department of Environmental Resources U.S. Geological Survey IP.O. Box 2357 P.O. Box 1107 -1Hamsburg, PA 17120 Harrisourg, PA 17108717-787-2109 717-7S2-45U ' jState Geologist: District Chief: JDr. Arthur A. Socotow D.E. Click

References- /Pennsylvania Dean Streams Law ' Pennsylvania Solid Waste Regulations(P«na Stat, Titte 35. Ch. 5) (Perm. Code.-Trtie 25, Ch. 75) ^

Contacts-Mr, John Osgood IBureau of Water Quality Management vDepartment of Environmental ResourcesP.O. Box 2063 '*!Harrisburg. PA 17120717-783-3638 "

by Mr. John Osgood in a totter received 28 February 1983

/5R30I235

<, Run-on and runoff control systemsV Requirement: design to control flow dunng at least 25-year stormI Applicability: landfills, waste piles, land treatment

A Wind dispersal controls* Requirement: cover waste or otherwise manage unit to control wind dispersal• Applicability: landfills, waste piles, and land treatment units that contain paniculate matter

s Overtopping controls ._......_.__• Requirement: prevent overtopping or overfilling• Applicability: surface impoundments

- Disoosal unit closure• Requirement: final cover (cap) over waste unit designed to minimize infiltration of precipitation* Applicability: landfills and surface impoundments (if used for disposal)

7 Storage unit closure• Requirement: remove waste and decontaminate• Applicability: surface impoundments used for treatment or storage and waste piles

8 Postdosure Care• Maintain effectiveness of final cover• ODerate teachate collection and removal system• Maintain ground-water monitoring system (and teak detection system where double liner is used)• Continue 30 years after closure __

The goal of the ground-water monitoring and response program is to detect and correct any ground-watercontamination, there are four main elements:

i A detection monitoring program which requires the permittee to install a system to monitor ground water in" the uppermost aquifer to determine if a ieachate plume has reached the edge of the waste management

area.2

. _ . ~. - . . . . ... ..... ^A ground-water protection standard is set when a hazardous constituent is detected. The standardspecifies concentration limits, compliance point, and compliance period.

3. A compliance monitoring program determines if the facility is complying with its ground-water protectionstandard

A Corrective action is required when the ground-water protection standard is violated. The permittee musteither remove the contamination or treat it in place to restore ground-water quality.

Until hazardous waste management facilities are issued permits, existing facilities will continue to operate underinterim status standards. Facilities operating under interim status will be required to file Part B applications for final

Unoer Subtitle C of RCRA. EPA. approves state hazardous waste management programs in two phases. Phase Ijumonzanon gives states the right to control transportation and generation of hazardous wastes within theirtensers and to regulate existing treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. Phase II authorization includes thepsrmttmg of new facilities. =i _ _ _ . _ =

3.7 COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACTstatute (CERCLA), commonly referred to as Superfund. authorizes EPA to respond to releases or threatened

into the environment including ground water, of any hazardous substance which may present an•nrranant and substantial danger to public health. The act provides funds for emergency action and has cost••cowry provisions.

mm 12

ENVIRONMENTAL rROTKCTION AGENCY NATIONAL 0INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

*!(40 CFR 141; 40 FR 59565, December 24, 1975; Amended by 41 FR 28-JH2, July _,

9 1976; 44 FR 68641, November 29, 1979; Corrected by 45 FR 15542, March II,1980; 45 FR 57342, August 27, 1980) ' t

Title 4O— Fr«leeii»»«f Envimmrat Subpart E— >Sprri«l M«wtit urine KrxuUlion* a "community water system" cr 2 •-)CHAPTER I— ENVIRONMENTAL fw Ur^HK- ClwmieaU community water svstem."

PROTECTION AGENCY , - . — « . « " .. ., ,_ _ . , . . . . , , - 4ii "Community water *-ystem -,Sl'BCHAPTER D-WATEX PROGRAMS 141-40 S -i m"«'lor"lc '•" •rwnic ch«m- a p,,blie water system which w •PART 141— NATIONAL INTKRIM ' least IS service connections usr3 b /PRIMARY DRINKING WATER Authority S*e» HI2. m«. 144S. and I460 round residents or recularly ici

REGULATIONS «f th« Public Health Service Act. M Stat. 1660 |east 23 rear-round* rounalu) "Non-community water

S.b,.rt A-G«er.lSee. i'141.l AppIicattiUtj. * community water system.This part establishes primary diinkmr <f> -SanlUry survey" means

1414 OWN*. water rerulationi pursuant to section sice review of the water source.141,* V«*Uf»«*«nde«mjKi**. 1412 of the Public Health Service Act. as ties, equipment, operation and r141.5 Sitinei*qwi»«i>«nu. amended by the Safe Drinkine Water nance of a public water systemI4i.fi Eltcctan dai«< Act (Pub. L. 93-523) ; and related recula- purpose of cvuluitmc the adcnt.

tlons applicable to public water systems. «ich source, facilities. equ:pT.iciS 141 DefiniiMt enttion and maintenance for r-rc

nubp»n v— M»iRHB C«MB»iMBt Lcv«u . J , .w, _ -^ . *nd distributing sate drmtiiu: vt....:„,, . . . . . As used in this part, the term:J4l.il MaxuBiua esnUBunam Invh far m- /-, -^»_-tndird vamole** ir.ca

•rra kchnnicaic. <a> "Act" means U»e Fuwic Health .,'*' Ui rS IITJIJ f- , - , «14MX Maikfium cwitMbiMt i *b for Service Act, as amended by the Safe »U«uotof flnikhed dnnkins m-tsr•rtMnic cfacmirab. Tv-intin* u»»t«- Act Puh L S3-523 rttaminea lor the presence 01 c

141.U MKwnum »icrobioJi«iad eonuuni- cal. chemical. biolocicaL or radiolocical ***> 'Slat* means the asfumlrwli substance or matter in water. SLate government which ha* j

Ul.lS Maximum cent «min ant irvris foe <C) "Maximum contaminant level** o:n °v*r public water systems,r«d.om-22« r»dium.22-«. and xmi mwns the maximum permissible !t -cl of »»>* period when a SLate docs n,« « «™ f nioty '" coin" * contaminant in water which is de- primary enforcement re*ior

HI.IC M«"m"m J2SSS i-v.!, f« to. Uvered to the free flmtaiB outlet of the yijuaiBt to Scciion "» of :ne /p»ruel* «nd photon radinactmty ultimate user of a public water system, wrm State mraus the RAVOJftots Btan-Bt»de T*dionudid» in except in the case of turbidity v.here Uic ministrawr. U . Fr.vlronmcnti.1e0Rimunity «»t»r tysunc, maximum permissible level is measured on Agency.

at the point of entry to the distribution <*> "Supplier of m-ater" measystem. Contaminants added to the water Person who owns or operates aunder circumstance* controlled by the water crstem.

.rui«u««iA»«Uti«l 3 cept &** remiltinc Irom com,- (jj »Do.e equivalent" m.ans th«• v: *"s*;r""*"*, cion of piping and plumbinc caused by oct of the absorbed doce from iM»er«fc*lotic»l cwtuimnant Minplmc water quality, are excluded from this radiation »nd such factors as accc*Ill?!1" T"1"*1 1 . . definition. differences in bioloncal cfTectiven*'££Z*££*U* ^ """>"11"1 <d. -Person" means an individual, to thf type of »d»tien «.d iu d

141.23 Inofc«ik chemical umplinc and corporation, company, association, part- *lon 11(? thtf J*00*' •* specintd byanalytical muiivmenu. nershlp. State, municipality, or Federal tern«tion*l Commisiion on K;uijc

141,21 Otcaek tlirmicals. othrr than total tri- -ji2en*T Units and Measurements (ICKU).hatamethant*. uraplinc and anaiyti- *, -"I—-..: . _ - /•., «B « ...eal rt uumwnu. Ce^ "Public water system" means • <*) Rem m»ns the unit c

Anaijrtieal Methods r«r Radi««ctjvity. system for the provision to the public equivalent from ionizinr radiationNUnitMi&t Frvqutncr tor Radieaw- of piped water for human consumption, tot*1 body or any internal orran otWlyta Community Wat«Sy«i«M. if such system has at least nitcen service **««. A "millirem <mreml" is

"IS Jij d7.tor'aSHi. ^ connections or recularly serves an av«- of • «»-M«nii»ruit «f e»n«™tiv* public water »E« «* «*• *«"* twenty-flve individuals (I) "Picocurie(pCir* means thai«r««"«- *»"y at »»*• *° ay* out Qt: "»c rear. iity Of radioactive material prc

Such terra includes <1> any collection. 2^2 nuclear transformations pt-r rrtreatinent. storage, and distribution fa-

iBr PHbii« s.tin»tian cililies under control of the operator ot (m> Crocs alpha panicle jc".kSSi« iuch system and used primarily in con- m"« the total r.d.o.ctn-ity e

RMutiMw.uM.mMu nection *ith such system, and (2) any *•""* P«ncle emi«ton «* inf.rre.EK f WiSr*."S 5 ' ««.««,. «• collection or pretrealment storace f .eili- ".e urements on a dry sample.cmpttoRt. »ne non-«>mpli*nce with tics not under such control vhich are (n> **Man|rM6% Wtx nrAc^nann-rulatMM used primarily in connection with such ton *mitt«Lf| nptJu] <m At* ion

141.33 R«wd mainipnan«, *>»iem. A public water system is cither emu lint bcli. pSrGcles jnd'

^ SO f-_=i.inec Oy TM£ SLIfilAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC . WASHINGTON D C 2003?

PENNSYLVANIA

Monitoring RequirementsDrinking Water Standards ———————————————

Parameter ————————————————— So'W Hazardous(mg/I unless noted) Federal State Quality Standards Waste Waste

0.05 0.01(0.05-) ' MBarium 1-0 1-0' MCadmium 0-010 0.010' MChromium 0.05 0.05' MLead 0-05 0.05* . MMercury 0.002 . MSe-enHim 0.01 0.01' MSilver 0.03" 0.05' MFhjoride 1.4-2.4 0,8-1 .r MNrtraie (as N) 10.0 10.0 MEndrin 0.0002 MUridane - —— 0.004 MMethoxycWor ' 0.1 MToxaphene 0.005 M2.4-D 0.1 • M2.4,5-TP Sitvex -0.01 MTrfhatomethanes 0.1 MTurbidity (TU) 1.0 5.0Colfform bacteria — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _membrane filtertest (#/100 ml) 1.0 M

Gross alpha (pCM) _ 15.0 • MCombined Radium 226and Radium 228 5.0 M

Eleta and photonparticle activity{mrem/yr} 4.0 JJ

Sodium M MChloride - 250 250 MColor (units) 15 15Copper " 1.0 1.0Corrosivity NoncorrosiveFoaming agents 0.5Iron 0.3- 0^ MManganese 0.05 0.05 MOdor (threshold no.) 3.0 3.0 • upH (units) • 6.5-8.5 «Sutfale 250 250 WTotal dissolved solids 500 500Zinc S.O 5.0Phenols ^ ^ 0.001 MSpedfc conductance __ JJTotal organic carbon J*total organic halogen MABS °-5CCE -o^Cyanide 0.01 {0-F.a-226 (pCyi) 3.0Sr-90 (pCll)Gross beta (pCW)

Isiote: "M" denotes monitoring requirement See text and Section 4.3.(•) If exceeded, grounds for rejection of Supply. "(") See Public Health Service Drinking Vtfater Standards 1962 fer a complete discussion.

PRIMARY WATCH R"' *~ - —— 12? 01

I 141.79 VaxImumconU- Inant levels to"r In minor) l»\ n mnnlhlv nvrrncr pur^unrsl t?.rr.'; !c m-jj! t r ?r.organic ehrmlcal*. fc» ( MI.77. r»rrj'' tJj.it fm- or fc*cr purposes. Th!)-p:

liirbidlty null-, in.iv l»«- iillourd II Ihr f'-'v oner d-• • • i.' H IK: r.v ,-.<:'-. Hlf ' N.-V ,„»..,:•• r.u.lp,lt.r „. v,,,.., ,..,„ drmomluilc lo the co ' ]iancc " odil&fil' BLJ.U- Ihnl liii- higher imuiutly rior* nol ' Foar pe_ J[lfl ,. ... . ,_The following are the r sximum ik> auy ••/ IUr J«.ll,w.mc: „ *' on- S3mDi- u.ht-r '. '-' a-"'

contanun.nl levels for w anic . m JnU-.i.-rr u::ij chMn^Uoii; e m(ned peTmoMh *- *chemicals. The maximum contaminant Jr l lS 'S r S «> iSi? per loo w ..*«« !r.levels for oiYuicchemteh in ££5!!' UirourJwut UlC than nve percent of t. , -npJes^paragraphs (.} »nd (fij of ihia .cclion OL(3) lnlcrf;« ;llh ruicroblolocicnJ 20.JJ .m°r " c" :: "*™apply tomlTcommunity water systems- detcrmi.miloitt. ™" , f? , C n'ntat>DnCompliance with the ma>'mum (b> Five lurbirflty unlta buRed on an ?J™ BiiSuant Lcontaminanl kvcls in pa:-sraphs (•] avcmne for two consecutive day* pursu- jj bacterit j J10.and [bj i» calculated pursuant to ' ant to { J41JZ. y of th(. fo|,owme:S 141J!4.Themaximnmct)mUminant r , ..... v_^ iui tj.hiMnii r-vi rf h, j^ FH -•—!for total Uih.Iometh.ne, in | My ^ creWU... eon- l uibillKj p H b, to FK -..u

Si*Xhich* y T e m^imtim contaminant Jevels for H) More than 10 percent of then»wmcn_ «iiiform bncteria, ap pit cable to com- portions (tubes) in any o:.e month

serve a population otiaooO or more J Jjg" J g"'JS"LS n?n-com- pursuant to 1141.21 fb) or (c) exceptindividuals and which adC a munity «»tbr systems, are as follows: that at the State's discre::on. systemsdisinfectant (oxidanl] to the water in (a) when the membrane filter tech- required to take 10 or fewer samples peany part of the drinking water treatment nlque pursuant to 1141.21 <a>> Is used, month may be authorized to exclude onprocess. Compliance with the maximum the number of. conform bacteria shall positive routine sample resuJling in one Icontaminant level for total not exceed any of the lollowinc: or more poiitive tubes per month from> t..ln«..fhm»* !. (-*1i~itT3l»rF ntin.TBmt *!._ _ —— .1-1.. —1—1_,?_ -t. , . . . «-*, .,„- lHI.14i.itl) revised by 45 FR 57342. the monthly calculation if: (A) asto \ 141,30. AuEust 27.1S80J approved on a case-by-csie basis the

(1) One'per 100 miUilHers as the Sl*Ie determinesi and indicates inarithmetic mean of all samples Jfmta io the pubBc water .ystem thatexamined per compliance period no unreasonable nik to health existed

I.) Chlorin-trd h>dr«:«bo«: pUTSUHlt to | 141 1(b) Or (c). except nr.!-00"0"/ ff " , , JEndrm nju.4.10. i h chlor,. O.O002 that, at ihe primacy Agency's discretion modification. Thasdeternunabon should. ,.——._, , ,.,*.. ...... ^ ^ ^ tj i JJor fcwer b. a.ed ypon a number of factors not

samples per month may be authorized to ^mitedI to the follower [1] the systemnJA*A**«,ehlo«ey. o.ow dude one positive rouUne sample per S T!? "d »»«>l«»ned an active" "Tf Ti-SBSSL-a. 2- ^ Vi month from the monthly calculation ifc J?feetf™lt.;wid?ri ™, e istrib«ti°o.i. gvjte— f2]

. ;«*ffii{i) «« approved on a case-by-case basis *i",T±.1 '- .T«a»hrn* ( C-KHO.-T*chnie oj»5 "iij- Slate detcrminei and indicates in contamination as indicated by a,no unasonable risk to he.lth existed *«.*«'? r Bt Ae P«"«under the conditions of thi. '

,b, o.l««h««>« modification. Tto determination ,houldj.4.0. a.4-D«hU«OPi,«K»v«rt.r .0.1 .be based upon a number of factors nol

. the potential for dfantammation « indicated by a "IS £ 2S .B '" 7'5?* .u

"™P d " d " 31 b theic) Total trihalomethane. (the sum of sanitary survey, and (C) the history of .utmii« i".«r i, «%";,.,ih« conetntraiions of bromodichloro- /the water quality at the public water ?9£Sf!?TS . r V 3j^] "^methane, dibromochloromethane tn- iystem (el MCL or monitoring I l«-33(a). The suppber shaH report tobromon.eth.ne (bromoforml «nd tri- / SJSniS Kil th^mnliw MtiatM > "* StatC ft* ""P iwe v.th thechloroineth.ne (chloroform) 0.10 mr 1. / "olaljonij: j«) the supplier initiates a conditions specified in this

—— * check sample on each of two and rcport £. Qn ^^|M1 Hie-addrf b>- 44 FR 65641. November consecutive days from the same the prior positive ,ample rtsuJl. If a -J28 1S79' M hn? po;fl m a!-h°U" af " PO« « routine wmple is 0? fornotification that the routine sample is fL. —.-.vi,, Mj_ , ." "«'«»"(* ior

positive, and each of these check £m?KSli?™£LH*?Dlher "?1141 13 -M»tn«~ «——-^- fc* "-Pie. i. neg-tive: and 0H) the original pS ^

for t«ri.d,tr. - positive routine sample is reported and J,nlJ once durin tw<) consec\ltive,The maximum contasiinant Jeveli foi recorded by the supplier pursuant to comoliance nerioda.. ,_...„ ——_ _——llub.1. *_ W»*«. jHo>**mti_ « •» <M/-\ __ J • 4 .*•* •»/_! —— ——__!;__ " ^ r****"**•*turbidity are applicable ta both commu- § i« l(a) and 1141J3(aJ. The supplier an «.„ _„„ «—*,„„. *„

nlty «ter sr««ni and non-community n rcport to the State its compliance thin oS SnS h E£S?B 5."" "m-a.ter syttems usine «urf«« <t*t«r with the conditions specified in this „ _

SrcSSmtfSSV SSJ Paraph a Ad. summary oflhe tiil) three or m7re pcWcns In mo,S SiiSSeSJS meLured »t . repre- coireetiv. action taken to resolve the »*„ five percent of the samples *hcrtentative entry pointist to the di«ribu- pnor positive lample result. If a posibve 20 or more «mplcs are CJ.;r-.Sncd pe:tion system, art- routine sample is not used for the month.

One turbidity unit <TU). as de- monthly calculation, another routine <2) When the_ ^Icrmenutipn1 w"

JSec 141 -srt

1O-2A-SO Pa3-*,-*-B> Trt£ EUREAU OF NATIONAL APFAlPS. i WC" WASrt'-JG'OK DC 2CC37 " 23'

RR301239

J 0102________ ___ ______- ----- ' - - -^ -- ----- ..;.. FEDERAL RE GUI A'. • *

in Mil si mum Perm.*- . B*«K ami r.ii-ipnrl F iKxriiiplInn-' —apply Sj:bp»rt B—Mavtmum Contaminant IrwfiTrn« »nd M;«i »mum Pi rmr"ibt» C'»t> v.hr:r ] J*A h."- j«i liunry en' rmtJ;i , .. M-niton of R;.dit»nuelirff* in AIT «.i rr...j-i.n .muily. - ' ,''. ™"*»'»"™ rt»Mimnn»ii_ |r.cT-rr for O.eupnlional £>iT-Vurr. KMS f«r i«ore»nit rhrm«*..*.

ok 62. riirp: thr dauchirr priMl- _ " {*) The MCL for nitrntc is fipp.ic.t.blelhorium-232. uranium 23S and 5 Ml... S.i».e r,.,...r...m*.... to both CDnupunily walci fcyklcnis and

n'Z3b - Urfi-ic n person mny enter Ji o M fi- non-communtty water systems except ai"Grots bet* psriiclf activity" rutncliil rommltmmt Jor or initt: ue con- provided by in oaram-aDh fdl The Wli* the total radioactivity due to beta Auction of a new public water system / lh A * owanlc ehenical. •

inferred from n,«,- or increase Uie capacity of an existing 2?ll «fL??.!?l?55?.™...emtHon **on a dry sample. _-_. public walrr .yalrm. he auM notify the irfi^STf *' •... . j „ .% . - .-. L-. Compliance wjtb MCLi for inorearuc

UlFR2B402.Joly9.l976] Sutc. and. U> Uie extent practicable. chemicali ia calculated purauani to(p)-(i) -dded by 44 FR 68641. avoid Joentinc pnrt or all of the new or JmS s"™"" purraam 10

1S79J exnanded fwcmtr nt a alte which: ,,„ .,, , J J .n"n>e.nSoneortKechem- '« «W«* a aignmcant r^ Wiil . SBST" "

«iemenu chlorine, bromine or iodine, ,'ror.i earthquakes. Hood*, ftres or olhrr <b) The fo]lo n fcre thc maximum(j Trihalomelhane" (THMJ mean. df"te» «*?** C4OUllJ "mc * eakdou-n eonuminant )cveb lor inoicnnle ebemi-

J of the. family of organic compounds. «f th«P«bhe watrr aysU-m or n portion cals other than fluonden ed as derivatives of methane. thereof: or*l rein three of ihe four hydrogen tb> E««pt lor intake structures, is co»u.nin«mEtoma- in methane are each lubstituted *'ithin Die fioodplain of a, 100-year flood Arsenic ——— .....15) .halogen atom in the molecular or ic lower than mny recorded hlch tide SJJ1« —— """" ————— " —— ' *

"sw DIDsture. _ rhcre ;»nt>ropri»tr records exist. Chromium"!™" ————————— 0 05" ""Total trihalomethanes" (TTHM) »c 1?1"11 f**011 if"1 ——»--«- » - - - oos•u -. -r »k. «««*.«««<;«« :- Agency will not seek to override land use Mercury .„ _ „ __________ 0. «•leans the sum of the concentration in deci?IOM mectinE pubUc water cyxieins »!»«»« <« H)™-..™— ™.. ».

per liter oi the jiUng which are made at the State or Jo- Sdenium ———————————— o. 01ri lomethane compounds col covernment levels. silver ......_..._......._.„..... o. cstrJ hloromethane [chloroform], , . -Trw_ .. , - it_.., 11 .L »c) When the annual average of theQbramoch orotnethane, Ffff.- ..-. maximum daily air temperatures lor theu-rmodichloromethane and 1141.6 Effector* datea. location in which the community waterrij timomethane {bromoformjj. rounded |MI.6 rw»«d by 44 FR 68641. November 29. system is situated is the following, theoj . .10 significant figures. 19791 * maximum contaminant levels lor fiuoride(a) "Maximum Total Trihalomethane ja] Except as provided in paragraph *re:

y-ntial (MTPJ" means the maximum (_j of jm, section, the regulations set _- - -3i jgntration of toUl trihalomethanes jorfa in ,his p ^ ah«!| take effect on./ P d in a given water containing a j g 24 1977.Hs>. .ctant residual after 7 days at a fb) reguiations for toU] , _____________enroerature of 25 C or above. trihalomethanes set forth in { 141.12[c) aT ,na i....... u.c, »n.t u--)....,.. - 4

•Disinfectant" means any oxidant. shall take effect 2 years after the date of £?££-"•• lo £!:«"•"-". 2;n! .iding but not limited to chlorine. promulgation of these regulations for «:":«*-- -»- K-:""«-O";""" i»dilorine dioxide, diloramines. and community water systems serving 7S.OOO ii":;.:":":-*j!2&:::;:U.: i.JEZ5(Te added to water in any part of the or more individuals, and 4 years after ———————————————————————rf tment or distribution process, that is e date of promulgation fornj nded to kill or inactivate pathogenic communities serving 10.000 to 74599 (c) Fluoride at optimum levels innicroorganisma. individuals. drinking water has been shown to have

_ _ _ _ _ _ fclTberegulttion8aetfortbtal41.il beneficial effects fa reduciiig thei(.Al €-»»*•. (a1.{e)ud(di;S«U4(aX4i occurrence of tooth decay.

t T»» part chaH apply to e«h public M1.14Cb)£lKc); 14U4(b)(2){f): 141-14(d): [l4lrU (e, ,roended by 45 FR 57342system, volets.the public water 141il (.). (e) «nd (I): 141JE2 («) and (e): Aurust 27.19801meets all 01 the loiiowtnc eonoi* ... —- r*ir.i »u4 ** uv IAI Tirn*

J2«ralM?S^ffSMdm^l4l^sreV W At the discretion of the State.o Consists only of distribution and I.r S ilt« «r !i «i5rvv i*-t -i r. i nitrate levels not to exceed 20 mc/1 may

.1C *PC ficilities tand does not hmve any J* '* J* i!J JS *2 11 *' be allowed in a non-community waterElection and treatment faculties): (c). (d) and (e); 141J2[b][3J. and cvstera if the aunnli r of wat«.;« Obtains aU of its water from, but 141 -32(d) .hall take effect immediately d onstrates to S aUsT on of the

s| -j»t owned or operated by. a public wa- upon promulgation. Slate that —•«••«:to which such regulation* ffl The regulations aet forth fa 141.41 (ijSuch water »rfn not be avaOable tonot aeU water to any person; **U tak* rfleet" tn°nthi ™? "** date children under B months of age; and

of promulgation. Suppliers must (2J There will be continuous posting ofi» Is not a currier which convr>-s complete the fint round of wmpling and the fact that nitrate levels exceed 10*engers in interstate commerce. reporting withm 12 montha following the mg/i «nd the potential health effects of

„ . , ,. effective date. exposure; and. 1 % -r..»»rr, and «rmpi«r«. ^ regulationa set forth in 141.42 (3J Local and State public health

•>rian=es or exemptions Jroin certain lhmU tafce effect 18 au ^ ,,3 _,e dale authorities will be notified annually of'.••* 4& A ^r frWfc^»-a v**miafirin* ^nw Of 44 4 • ' f t t_ •

of promulgation. All requirements in nitrate levels that exceed 10 mg/b and

<1d

nforcemem responsibility, Provi- months following the effective date. resultonder Port 142. Kational interim

•Drinking Water Regulations (141.6 <cMe) added by 4S FR '57342. 1141.11 »d) added by 4aTR 5T342. Aunift£ (Variances) Aucust27.19SO] 27. 1950)

IS«C.

FridayNovember 2E, 1380

Part V

____ Environmental[ Protection Agency

rWater Quality Criteria Documents;Availability

RB30I2UT

Fedenr! Register / Vol. 45. No. 22: / Friday, November ZS. 1S£0 / Notices

SWHHCMWEKTAL PROTECTION 21- <• aiVZ. PB81-117467. ihtOSsfa. wildhft. plur Itfr. ihorwiae..2=. Cczper. PBei-IirjTS. / bMcfces. tstheucs. inrf retsr«non wn:cr.r:«>~> Cvsn:c>s PBB1-1174S3. be«p«cted from tht prtsenc* o/>cih;i*f.:3

' ~" n - pt 21-127451 to •«>' body of wat*r- including p9ur.sw«:r-«"£"•' K.«. «.. DDfM Ti-*nc fB] on tn« concentration and ciipersai of

cu.«ty cm.*. Document* !r 5[tr b*SSS ™i-*i«?7 Fl"*1"?' " ""T?01: "~8* Ui»A.oroDenzjuiae. f"J-°- *i/ ai • bioiogicat. physical tnd chenucai proccaa»i_2T. Dichjoroethylenes. PB81-urS35. and fC) OB lit* tffect* of poUutana on

L Environmental Protection 2S. Z,*-c chJprophenoL PB81-117S33. biological community diversity. product:*"".23. Dic ioropropanes/prapenes. PBS1- «nd lability, inciudiaf inlonution an the

of W«t« Quality Crturia 117341. ' lecton *ff«ettn? r*t« of tutroph, canon «edw ' 3tt i*-i-Jnethylphcnoi PB8I-11735a. »»• of _«Ianic «nd iaor?tnic wixmenunon

- ——— 3LDtatrctoluene,PB81-H7Sea. far «•?»««» of iwwmgwaian.announces tfat 32. D:?-.enyIhydrazi&e. PB81-U7T31. EPA is today announcing the

and provides «mnmaric« of 33. Eadoiuifan. PBS1-II7374. arailafaility of critarU documents for &4enteria docamcfltt for 64 34. Eodhn, PB81-117582. of the OS pollutants designated «a toxicor pollutant categories. 35. Ethyibcmene, PB8l-H759a nnder section 307(t)(l) of tfa« Act. the

Tftmmt ili'ilaartpiibiiihtdporauantto 38. Flaonntfaue. FBSl-llTBOB. document on TCDD fDioxiii) will bejaanan:3«{a)(i} of the CUtn Wattr Act. 37. Haloeihera. F3S1-117816. pubiishad within tha next month after_ma»LHn_rnr OP ooeuwwrx 38. Haiometbanes. PB81-117B24. review of recant itudies. Chtena for the

aquftQC-based and 38. H«piacnlor. PBai-117832. faction 307[«J[lJ toxic pollutants beingn-riftn trri criteria from tha 4GL Hexacalorobutadient. PBfil- __ publishtd today will replace the criteria

tn pnbUshed below. Copies llTHa for tho«e sami poUutants found la theoff Envcompiatt docoments for 4L Kexacalorocyclohexane. PB31- EPA pubHcation. Quality Catena for-T trirf i pollutants may be obtained 1176S7. Water, (the -Red Book.'T Criteria for ailmneozcNatienai Technical Infonsation 42. Hexachlorocydopentadlene. PS81* other pollutants and water constituents

(KTIS1. 3285 Port Royal Road 117MS. Jound in the "Red Book" remain valid^ VA gMM fT03-ia7— »C50J. A 43. Uophorone. PB8J-117873. Tba criteria published today have beenNTIS pobUcation order 4*. Lamd, FB81-117881. derived using revised methodologies for

unma» for all M criteria documents is 45. Mercury. PB31-117899. determining poiluUnt eoncentrationabelow These documents are 46. Naphthalene. PBfil-tl7707. that will when not exceeded

sKcawaalabi. fbr public inspection and 47. Nickel PB31-117715. . reasonably protect human health andoiii iafedaring normal business hours 40. NUmhanTrnt, PB81-117723. aquatic life. Draft criteria documentscHtidicInionnanon Reference Unit 40. Nltrophenols, FB81-117749. ' wen made available for public_S.anrirnnmental Protacrion Agency. 50. Nitrosamines. PBSl-llTTSa. comment (44 FR15926. March IS. 1979.Mzma*at(reari. 401M SU S-W« 51. PentachlorophenoL PB81-117764. 44 FR 4366a July 25.1S73. 44 FR 56628.•rnngtoa. D.C. 20460. As provided in 52. Phenol PB81-11777Z October L 1979J. These final criteria.SE Pan 2. a reasonable fee may b« S3. Phtha'ate esters. PBai-117780. «v* b*«« derived after consideration w

:for copying services. Copies of $4.Polychlorinaied biphenyts EPCBa). allconuaents received.ire also available for PB51-U779a. . These criteria documents are alsoRegional Office - 55. Poiynudear aromatic ****** in satisfaction of the Settlement

hydrocarbona. PBB1-I178CS. Agreement in :Vcfttfs/ Resources56. SeJenium. PB81-117814. Defense CranerV. ft al. v. Train. 8 EJLC.57 Silver PBS1-117822. 212D (1976J* modiSed 12 EJLC 1333 •

—-.™.,,_™ „„ to mat office will ' 56. Tetrachloroethylene. PB81-n7«sa 0?-?-c 1S7S)- ******* to paragraph nforwarded to NTT5 or returned to the 59. ThaJiium. PB51-11784S. « that agreement EPA is required to. 4 - ...._ __. ^ SOL Toluene. PB81-117aS3. •- P»"« cntena docasaents for the S3 ,r- eroaphthene. PBS1-117289, - «. Toxapheae, PBai-117a83. poiluUa which Cca ass. in the 1977 ir csDlein. PB8l-tl72T7. 62. Tricbloroethyiene. PB81-117871. ameodmtats to the Act designated as ,JJUteybaitrile. PBSl-tl728S. 63. Vinyl chloride. PB81-117B8S. ?» ttnc r »ectlon 30n«Kli. TheseILAiann/Dieldrm. PBSl-117301. 64. Zinc FS31-I178S7. documents contain recommended .,SE.Aanmony. PBei-117319. Kn Fwrntw MKDIMATION CONTACT: ««»™ pttaisnh t poUutant_ .. i__ —— FOR FWKT7te« wfpwiwi-Traii w»i*T*6T coneentraoons eonststesi with the

'. j -p»(«caonof.qa«tic«i.nismi.hiisanStandards p m ' t 1 ' Lated Seal u and some recrealcnal

te< f t a . .!L?T!!'L__-J^ paragraph 11 i oses etrumPB81-U7350. _a S!Il2S.thiVA!r1 ; u doiw nctmt P3ai-ll736a. ^ ' T*"tn>op**Af-**'*t**tiTti ^ ^ additional authonty.

Tatrachlorida, PB81-B»ckrrmind " CatenaPursued to section 304(aJ(l5 of the Section 304{aJ[l) criteria contain

__ Clean W«-g~ Act 33 U.S.C. 1314(a)tl). essential types of information: (!)a Qibrinated ethanes. PBS1-117400. A is rtquarpt to periodically review discussions of available scientific data

ethers. PS81-117413. aaa> publish s isna for water quality on the effects of pollutants on publicnaphthalene. PBSl- accurately reflecting the latest scienttfie health and welfare, aquatic life.iKi rt »

••••-• knowledge: recreation, and (2) quanu:a::$ ft 3 (j ICdnnaated phenols. PSei-t:r4W. JAJ on ift« k;nd ana mtm of ill concentrations or qualitative _ - -Cdorofcrai. PB81-117442. idennfiabi« fifecu on hcaith *od welfire assessments of the pollutants :n wat^r-X-chiorophenoi. PB31-117459. inouung. but so: unu:ea to. plankton, fish. which will generally ensure water

Federal R er / Vol. 45. No. 231 / Friday. November ZB. 19SO / Notices

qushrj *cr=une "o support a specified some pcUuieni£. biocoaccr. : T. * under sestacr 302 or :r~.;c psliais-*

cr.iena are based solely on diu and protects cf aqszcc life use: cr Slates art encourage:; := bs::,-: :;laentiTic judsTser.u on the relationship almost all cf the pollutants. modify or. Lr necessary, drvtl-; -r.-.between p&Uutanl concentrations and bioconcentrarior properties ar used to programs necessary to s--por: ir.c-eTtVironscniai ano human health *" assess the relative extent of hi ian implementation of re ulsiary conrsi*elfec-j Chiena values do noireHed exposure to the pollutant either directly for toxic pollutants. As appropr.iic.consideration! af scceseziicw - - -through ingsition of water or indirectly States may incorporate criteria frr toxictechnolopsal {rscibfixty. through consumption of aquatir pollutants, based on thii guidance, intoPublication of w*ter quality criteria of organisms. Human health crittr.a for their water quality standards.

this typt has bean an ongoing process carcinogens are presented as . Section 30*(aJ{l) criteria havt beenwhich EPA. and its predecessor Agency, incremental risks lo man associated most closely associated wish thethe Federal-Water Pollution Control * ***& specific concentrations of the development of State water quality\dministraUon, have been engaged in pollutant in ambient water. The standards, and the "Red Bool.' values•me* 1S6S. At that time the first Federal Guidelines used to derive criteria nave, in tbe pasL been tfce basic forcompilation of water quality criteria, the protective of aquatic life and human EPA's assessments of the adequacy ofso-called "Gr«n Book™ (Woter Qca ty health are fully described in appendices Slate requirements. However. EFA isCriteria}, was published. As now, tees* B and C. respectively, of this Notice. now completing a major review of itscnteria contained both narrative _Tbe^Ageacy believes that these water quality standards pciicies anddiscussions of ths environmental eSecfc Guidelines provide criteria which more regulations. After consideration ofof pollutants on a racce c£ possible uses ««nirately reflect the effects of these comments received on an Advanceand concentrt-tioas of pollutants • pollutants on human health and on Notice of Proposed Rulema*ing (43 FHneaessary to support these uses. Since »q»«tic organisms and their uses. Tney SSSK. July 10.1S7B) and the draftthat time, water quality criteria have *» b*"d ra * mo« J»tion«l «* ,f crit«rit **«"**• the Agency, intendsbeen revised and expanded with consistent •Ppntca for using scientific to propose, by the end of this yctr. *publication of the TIlue Book" fU'ettr S??!?"* CuddfflM were developed revised water quality standardsQua/jrr OIWHI 3SX} is IS73 and the *V ta «t£ «_ esajwlttticm with resuiatipn wbch will clanfy the

Book- (Quatitr Criteria}*- WeterJ »ciennsu from outside the Agency and Agency's position on a numoer of' "* - - ' they have been subjected to intensive cigniCcsnt standards issues.

e-. — vr««« -r A. -B-* -a v public comment With the publication of these criteria.Since pabteataaaf the Red Boofc Neither the Guidelines nor tbe criteria however,U is appropriate to discus*

there nave been substantial cnanges in ^ considered inflexible doctrine. Even EPA's current thinking on standardsEPA s approach to assessing saennoc ml ^ EPA t, iT,g Benon to issues relating to their use. Ibisdata and[deriving secfion 304(aKl) employ the tesources of peer review discussion does not establish new ^criteria Previous criteria were derived groups, including the Science Advisory . regulatory requirements and is interMfrom a limited data base. For many So4rd to ^ recently published as guidance on the possible uses ofpollutants, an aquanc life cntenon was ^ . 2pA „ conducting its own these criteria and an indication of futurderived by multiplying the lowest evaluation of new data to determine rulemaking tbe Agency may undertake.concentration toown to nave acute whether revisions to the criteria No substantive requirements will belethal effect on-half of a test group of an documents would be warranted. established without farther opportunityaquatic species f&e LOW value) by an ^ ^ ^ published today are for public comment.application factor In order to protect based solely on the effect of a single ,against chronic effects. If data showed a pollutant. However, pollutants in Water Quality Standardssubstance to be bioaecusiulative or to combination may have different effects • Section 303 of the dean Water Acthave other significant long-term affects, because of aynergistic. additive, or provides that water quality standards ba factor was used to reduce tbe antagonistic properties. U is impossible developed for all surface waters. Aindicated concentrations to a level ^ &£« documents to quantify the water quality standard consistspresumed to be protective. Criteria for combined effects of these pollutants:. basically of two parts: [1] A "designate;the protection of human health were and persons using criteria should be use" for which the water body is to besimilarly derived by considering the aware that site-tpecific analysis of protected (such as "agricultural."pollaunu* acate, chronic, and actual combinations of pollutants may "recreation" or "fish and wildlife";, andbto*cc=aulitxv» effects on non-human be necessary to give more precise {2} "criteria" which are numerics:rsananait and humans. indications of the actual environmental pollutant concentration limits orAlthough a continuation of the impacts of a discharge. narrative statements necessary to

process of criteria development, the R«uti «••** of &• Steiian 304f »m preserve or achieve the designated use,using revised methodologies Gnt«na Keguta ry programs through State or Federal rulemaking(Guidelines) for calculating the impact Section 3M(aKl3 criteria are not rules proceedings and must be translated icttof polluunu on human health and end they have no regulatory mpact. enforceable effluent limitations in *aqua DC organisms. Tbwe Guidelines Rather, these criteria present scientific point source (XFOES) permit or mayconsist of systematic methods for dats, and guidance oo the environmental form the basis of best management'-* Wfc*'*4ti **» "^ •»"*•»•* ™ ^ ™— — —— »— • -— — ^^__ ———— _ ^ _ . _ .__ _. __ • ***w V** ^ » *« «TW* M»»J«M fe ***fc»*<i*

f- assessing valid tad appropnatt dita efiect of pollutants which can be useful practices applicable to nonpo:nt sourceY concemag scate and chronic adverse to derive regulsrary requirements based ' cnder section 213 af £tf&t± A

'of pollutants on 'aquatic on considerations cf water quality:szs$, con-huatn maanmls. and insets. Under du G«an Water Act*.*-**. — tU-.» M**litfm- »»n«t*«-*«f»i «*«v Gtttefta to thehumans. By use of these data in these resuiatorj requireaesti tniy » «•— ..

prescribed wa>-s. criteria are formuUted include the promulgation otwa:er 5iote Mff"p'to protect acuatic life and human health quality-based effluent limitations under lr the A7CFRKL £?A announced afrca exposure to ise polluur.ts. r cr lecuor. 302. we:er quality standarcs poifcv of "presunptive apphcabiiity" f c

• "Fcdertl Register V Vol. 4S. No. 231 / Friday, Nove ;r 2S. 1980 / Notice:. _____ :

304(61'!) eritetl* codified is the 3. Asn&zltural and Indus&al Uses? the SOW A. Drink- water s:acsards • •'sok." Presumptive applicability The section 304(a)(l) criteria were not are established bt. _ or. coRs:deraucr.s. f-

ummnaat • Slstt bed to adopt a »p«ci£c±lly developed to reject the Includes tecfanoloc :ai and economicLJUBIUJU. for a particular water quality impact of pollutants on agricultural and feasibility, not re:e\ -nt to sectiongransttcr at Uast LI stringent aa tfaa industrial use*. However, the criteria 304(a}(l] criteria. Si =tion 304U1U)DBCsmraendation is the Red Book unltsa developed for human health and aquatic en ten a may be analogous to theti»Slau* was able is fustify a lass lift an sufficiently stringent to protect recommended maximum contaminantscntgent critarion b-.«d on: natural - these other uses. Slates may establish levels (RMCU) under sectionhacfegcound conditt as. mere recent criteria specifically designed to protect !412(bj(l)tB} of the SOW A in which. ;,"

tvid«n«. or local site-*peciEc these uses. based upon a repor. from the Nationalis rescinding the 4. AroXr'c Water 5upp/yrTa« drinking Academy of Sciences, the Administrator

paiitqt'of presumptive applicability water exposure component of ma should set target lavela for contaminantfeKsais* it haa proven to b« too ' human health affects criteria can apply * drinking water at which -no known orinSJBtihU in actual practice. directly to thia as* classification or may anticipa ted adverse effects occur andAUtougn tha section 3O4(aKD criteria be appropriately modified depending • which *tt°*t* « adequate margin of

Konacat a reasonat la estimate of upon whither the specific water supply safety". RMCU do not take treatmentpollkiant concentrations consistent with system falls within the auspices of the ">**- *nd otaer feasibility factors intothssmiateaanes of designated water Sal* Drinking Water Act's (SDWA) consideration. Section 304*1(1) criteria__.SUtas'may appropriately modify regulatory control and the type and an. in concept, related to the health*tfaw* values to reflect local conditions; i.vei treatment imposed upon the b*wd S°*l» *P«ified in the RMCLs.Itecsrtain circumstances, the criteria supply before delivery to the consumer. Specific mandates of the SOW A such as

accurately reflect me toxidty of Tae SDWA controls the presence of *• consideration of multi-mediait because of ue effect of local j g poUuunts la finished r«nd-of- exposure, as well as different methods'"y characteristics or varying ^ drinking water. A brief description lot «««8 aaximum contaminant levels

__._ . . of local populations. For, of relevant sections of this Act is under the two Acts, may result inexample, in some cases, ecosystem necessary to explain how the SDWA differences between the two numbers.- ->a may enable a viable. wiU work m conjunction with section MCLs of the SDWA. where they exist.

aquatic population to exist in sjufaMll criteria, in Drotectina human control toxic chemicals in finished-.. i_..*_ .:_.. _ IL^-I-——„—i «"»»i«;i*i *••"»»*• •*• c»w*»-i-j«a M — i t - J j — f c j — — , — • • - — u.u...... u___..„w«*uxwtth high, natural background ^ L &,& the effects of toxics due to drinkins water. However, because ofpollutants. Similarly. conation of water. !2??S.22.'2!5t "f 5? JfSSV

S&shods for adjusting the sectioncriteria to reflect these localan discussed below. r££f if i*™" 2™" - criteria, modified section SMfeHl]™ <,L ,„, t-MO n which speofy the maximum ^ t mon stringenlJ . of Section XKeXlt • . permissible level of a contammant in ^^ ^^ to a againstSthe effects

to Desi&sted Water Uses: water which may be delivered tea user Qf c pollutants bv iaaestion fromTSttcriteria published today can be * » P ^ w»tw ***** aow .dc??«? " drinking water. "

userfita;support the designated uses serving a minimum of Z5 peopie. MCU por ,4,4 cjiakiag water supplies.wtockare aenersliy found in State •» esttfaUsha-d based on consideration Sulej may 1 toxics m g ambient jsiscdards. The following section « • ™«« of factors induding not only ^ 1 ^ eitner use of MCU (ifdiscusses the relationship between tha »* aealtfa affects of the contamuuats y .t for pollutants of concani}.catena aad individual use «*»techaolopcal and economic «ctioa 30*{aKi) human health affects jdsasificatioas. Where s wster body is J"ilb!:ity of , * M1"*-*020*1"1 j*010**1 criteria, or a more strigent contamiaast , jQBssgnated for more than-one use. fr°m ™* tappiy- EPA is required to j j mmn former rwo options.CHieria accessary to protect the most establish revised primary drinkiag water por abated drinking water suppliessensitive use should be applied. regulatioas based on the effects of a serving less than 25 people. States may ]T.\£ecreation: Recreational uses of coaUnunarit on human health, and choose toxics control through . I

water-inciude such activities as include treatment capability, monitoring application of MCU (if they axis: for theswimming, wading, boating and fishing. availability, and costs. Under Section pollutants of concern and are attainableA frrm insufficient data exist on the 1401(l](D)(i) of the SDWA. EPA is also by the type of treatment) in tfae finished ' 1effectrof toxic pollutants resulting from allowed to establish the minimum drinking water. States also have the - 1eecpusure through such primary contact quality criteria for water which may be options to control toxics in the ambient "*afesmmmiag. section 3O4(a)(l) criteria takaa into a public water supply system. Wller fay chooaing section 304(attl.]oiseutan human health effects may be Section 304(al(l) criteria provide criteria, adjusted section 3O4(i](l] ]u*wfcto support this designated use estimate! of pollutant concentrations criteria resulting from the reduction of ]w-hererfxshing is included in the Stat« protective of human health, but do cot the direct drinking water exposure —'dsaloition of "'recreaaoa.'' 1= this cpasider trearment technology, COSH component in the cntena caicuiauor. tosstuaiion erJy the porcon of the criterion and other feasibility factors. The section the extent that the treatment procedure " I

fish coiisunpuon should be ' 304(a)ElJ criteria also include fish reduces the level of pollutants, cr a rssre------ - bioaccaaiuiaticn and eonsumpnon stringent contaminant level &an Uie —'

payoff arc v3,*spogcT::c.<: o* ".« factors in" additioa M direct human former three optiot-.s.• AfruczcL.:fs: The section dnnkiag water intake. These aus*.bers For treated or:nkir.g WfST fl ^ i I. [

_ _ _ crter.a baaed an '.oxicity to were not developed to serve as "end cf semag 25 people or jreWis lMafciitTiifrtrT- 'sEiasrc life "a" be -sed d:r5c:.'>*";c tap" ariniarig water standards, and they cor.troi tox:cs dowr. to ifr\-eis at least as - - -\1

aes:ar.a:ee use. have r.c re^uiatsry sisnificar.C8 ur.dsr s:r.r.eent as MClJ :where :hey CMS: far

Federal Repster- / Vol. 45. No / Friday, November 2t. I960 / Notices

\!

the pollutants of concern} ir. the finished scientific asseitnier.'. cf its aquant life cnteris ma> be specifically tailcrti :o-«drtixionj water, However, Sutes also and hussar hei-iii eftecu anc the loct: water body by use of dau frsr-.have the optior.s to control toxics ir.~t5etechnologies and eccncs r cazECiry tc texitity testa perfennec with tha:tr.biem water by choosing section coatrol tht dischg-f: of Ut pouuia^t. ambient water. A procedure iucr ea this-O4U)tlJ cntena. aQjuxied section For seme of the poUuiLnu. all States would account for iccal envircr.r-.sn304(aKl) criteria retultms from lie may be required to as: ess then1, lor ' conditions in lonsulaitti a cnterczreduction of the direct drinking water possible inclusion ii. ieir standard*. For relevant to the local water tody. Te:rri7exposure rampoaerti in the criteria others. assessment v -said be restricted site-specific water qualitycalculation to the extent thai the to States or limited tr> rpeofic water characteristics resultin; in eithertreatment process reduces the level of bodies where the po Plants pose a enhance men l or die-nation of aquaticpollutants, or t mote stringent particular site-specif c profalea. liJe tancity for the pollutant eeuid becootatnonast level than the former three Crilerim Modification ?XOC«M factored into final formulation of theoptions, criterion. Finally, the cntena may be

^ L . . , -.-.Li.4"10 Salatory otherwiae adeouateiy prolecied by anyTo data, EPA has not required that a programs. Although a acme cases they of ^ aodificaoon procedures

State address any specific pollutant in may be used 07 the S tes as developed, previously mentioned.ii« standard*. Although all States have the criteria may be modified to refect gp (joct not jnie ^ to .have Satesestablished standards fcr moil local environmental conditions and assess every local stream seccent endconventional pollutant*, the treatment of human exposure patterns before ke in the country on an individualtcxic pollutants has been much less incorporation into programs such as basts before determining if an *extensive, In the ANPRM. ZPA water quality standards. If significant adjustment is nwceswrv Rather " issuggested a policy under which Sutes impacts of lite-epeciiic water quarry envisioned that wtier bodies haraswould be required to address a set of conditions in the toxicitiw of pollutants inailar hydrologjc*! chemical afavxicc!pollutants and mcorsoratt specific toxic can be demonstrated or significantly and biological prc~erties will be "pc-Eutant criteria iato water quality different exposure patterns of these grouped for the purpose of criteriastandards. If the Stale lailed to pollutants to humans can be shown. adjustment. The purpose of ij «2ort i-ttssrpontt tee criteria. pAwoaid section 3M(aHl)eriter;a may be to Mli> t Sute$ to . p $ec.Jon'proaiuifate the standards based upoa asodiSed to reflect these local arur«i «it-«. »« ir«ii >-»*.*««« n*-**~, ^,^ - j-.- _ •—•. . _ u> i_ r isu+tat criiena 10 locaj ccnsiuons wnerethese criteria pursuant to section conditions. Tae term "wear m»y refer Bfeeded, thereby rreciudins the seiuc« c303ic){4KS). to any appropriate geographic area «rbitrary and petaxas vsaeeessa 'v * "In the forthcoming pfopcsed revision where common aquatic environmental ,..;.,_«.» — «-.L«—Jlt.,»;.,. —;iMT-";- -

to the wKtttloSv MBdttd ixmditions or exposure patterns exist JSS boS ta SSlT&A tS '"kSf L* «!S» =«tit diange in Thus, local" may signify a Sutewide. ^ ^ pursuant ta «ection""

poi:cy will be proposed relating ta Ine ref tonal, nver reach, or enure nver to determine whether »*«e St.incorporation of certain poUutantt in basin area. On the other hand, the * ""* "**'State water quality standards. This criteria of come pollutants might beproposal will differ from the proposal applicable nationwide without the needmade ia the AXPK&The ASPRM for adaptation to reflect local ....*,-!.*..,•—..—*, —.,*.-.,-....,>. .-.. . «. i i. . «• -,. . _• . r . • esiaoucDcQ niei a ars acecusie .oproposeo » EPA-puohshed list of conditions. The degree of toxjcr? su-iTcn a desamawd a»epolluUttts for which Slates would have toward aquatic organisms ar.d humans *"p **had to develop water quality standards. characteristic of these pollutants **auld Criteria fcr the »ctectiati cf AquaticThis list might nave contained some [or not change significantly due to local Ufaalll of the 65 toxic pollutants. However. water quality conditions*. ;.«.—.-•-*.•*.» ~t -»- r-.>.*.-.ihe revited K-ater quality standards EPA is examining a series of /nre reto-on of */>e Catenaregulation will propose a process by environmental factcrs or water quality The aquatic life criteria issued todaywhich EPA will estist States ia parameieti which might realistically be are summarized in Appendix A of thisidentifying specific toxic pollutants expected to affect the laboratory- Federal Regi*ter notice. Criteria haverequired for assessment for possible derived water quality criterion been formulated by «?p:vmg a se'. cfinclusion in State water quality recommendation for a specific pollutant. Guidelines to a data base for eachstandards. For these pollutants. States Factors such as hardness. pR. pollutant. The criteria far the «ro(ec::c:will have the option of adcptiag the suspended solids, types of aquanc . cf aquatic life specify pollutantpublished cntena or of adjusting those organisms present, etc. could impact on cortcestraaons which,, if not exce* jed.criteria based on site-fpeclfu: analysis, the chemical's effect in the aquatic *bouid protect most cut not necessaniThese poUuunts would generally exiTiroamenu Therefore, local all aquatic life and its uses. The

represent the pretest threat to information can be assembled and Guidelines specify that criteria shouldsustaining a healthy, balanced analyzed to adjust the criterion be baaed on an array of data fremecosystem m water bodies or to human recommendation if necessary. organisms, both plant and arurnaihealth due to exposure directly or The Guideline* for deriving cntena for occupying various trophic levels. Base'•Tr.directly from water. SPA is currently the protection of aquatic life suggest on these data, criteria can be deriveddeveloping a process, to determine several approaches for T&odirying the which should be adequate to protect ;rwhich pollutants c State nrast assess for. criteria. First, toxicity data, both acute types of organisms necessary to suppcpossible ciclusioa in its water quality and chronic, for local species could be «n aquaticstandards. Relevant facr.cn aught substituted for some or &U sf the species The Guiiinclude the loxxctv of fee pollutant the used in deriving cr.tens far the water derive criteriafrequency and concentration of iu quality standard. The minimum data stages of all species under alldiicharte. its geographical disnbutibc. requirements should still be fulfilled in conditions. Generally tome u:e su=* cthe breaaih of data underlying the calculating a revised cntenosu Second. one or more tested species. «nc*

Federal Reyatw. / Vol. 45. No. 231 / Friday. November 28. 1980 / Notices

untested *p«ciet. wii- way to assure the same decree of chrcTuc value can be calculated directly7fscrr*§en3ilivilie» below the isaxisiun: prsieziian with a one-number ctttep.er. II not an acute-chronic ratio is cerivec

24-hour average under soce woulc t« lo use the 24-hour aversg: « s and then used with the FinsJ Acutt- and would be adversely concentration that is not to be exceeded Vaiue to obtim the Final Chronic Va)-etht highest allowable at an; time in any place. The Final Plant Value is obtained by

Bolluiazxticancentrations and the wont Sir:* some substances may be more selecting the lowest plant toxicity valueconditions existid for a long time. In toxic :s freshwater than in saltwater, or based on measured concentration.•cTuai.prarrxa. such a situation is not vice versa, provision is made for The Final Residue Value Is intendedUkriy-tetocenr and thus the aquatic deriving separate water quality criteria to protect wildlife which consumecommunity aa a wool* will normally b« for fn shwater and for saltwater for each aquatic organisms and the marketabilityprelected if tne criteria an not substance. However, for some of aquatic organisms. Protection of the— -rr r In any aquatic community lubstaaca* sufficient data may not b* marketability of aquatic organisms is. isthsr»?i*i*.wtd*rmnft of Individual available to derive on* or both of these actuality, protection of a use of thatsasoeassansittvittta to the tffecU of criteria axing the Guidelines, water body ("commercial fishery"). Twotoxic aoflulanU. A criterion adequate to Specific aquatic life criteria have not kinds of data are necessary to calculatepjotett.the m«t susceptibl. lUe stage of been developed for all of the fiS toxic the Final Residue Value: atfae-most'*ensittva tp«de« would in pollution. In those ewes where there bioconcentration factor (BCD and axmmcases be more stringent man we1 iamfficieat data to allow the maximum permissible tissue

to protect tht ovarall aquatic derivation of a criterion, narrative concentration, which can be an FDAj'..n,..[.«rity. descriptions of apparent threshold levels action level or can be the rasult of a

"fef "cuta and/or chronic effects based chronic wildlife feeding study. For lipicpdescriptions an Intended to normalized for percent lipida and ther.

«BVey " «°» °f **« d«Sr« <>f to*icity *« ***** *««*« Value is calculated =yin the absence of a .dividing the maximtan permissible

. S _ :7Tinr .**rf criterion recommendation, tissue concentration by me oormalizeduwtcnpomc toxiary ana arr".«,4 ku .. ...M«i.». K.«..n» t;-. jbioconoentration without being a. Summary o/tAe A«*a* Uf, ****** *2i?8C& SSSSSHSS r

S S S S The Gmae&uifaFBKMas Wottr Upid, since the BCF measured !or ar.v» ?TSi lSf!f ' Q ty Catena for £fc* Protection of individual aquatic specie, is generallv

!™5S i SiK2S( Atfuctie Uf9 *** its Uua wert proportional to the percent lipids in iatwas chosen in order to ensurft deveioped to describe an obiective. ipeSes.ntranoBJnotreacttaarmtul - internally consistent, and appropriate if sufficient data an available to

l«-ei*fer unacceptably long penods. wmy 0 that water quality demonstrate tharone or more of theMrensguig for longer penoos. weft as a catena for aquatic life would provide. fmal values should be related to a waterw«fc.or a month for example, could w ms .verrnge, a reasonable amount of quality characteristic, such as salinity.pwnnt high concentrattona to persist protection without an unreasonable • hardnea*. or suspended soUds. the finiilongrenough to proauca wgniftcant amount of overprotection or ' valueis) are expressed aa a function c:adverse, effects. A 24-hour penod was underprotection. The resulting cr-teria that characteristic.croaarinstead of a slightly longer « are not intended to provide ICO percent After the four final values (Finalsnorter-period in recognition of daily protection of all species and all uses of Acute Value, Final Chronic Value. Fir.s!nuduation* in waste discharges and of aquatic life all of the time, but they are Plant Value, and Final Residue Value ,theurfluence of daily cycles of sunlight intended to protect most species in a have been obtained, the criterion isamfcoartoesj and temperature on both balanced, healthy aquatic community. established v/ith the Final Acute ValuepoilutatLts and aquatic organisms. The Guidelines are published as becoming the maximum value and theTSeamaTTTniiin value, which is derived Appendix B of this Notice. Responses to lowest of the other three values

Eronr.acnte toxicity data, prevents public comments on these Guidelines becoming the 24-hour av$T%tt« value. All ..J"significant risk of adverse impact to art sttached as Appendix D. of the data used to cticuiaxg' the fourorgamatns exposed to concentrations Minimum data requirements are final values and any additional pertinentabo3r-«=the 24-hour average. Merely identified in four anas: acute toxicity to information are then reviewed :o . jssteeirVing the average value over a , aniinais (eight data points), chronic determine if the criterion is reasonable, ._jspecified time period is insufficient toxicl:y to animals (thres dam points}. if sound scer.rJic evidence indicatesbBszuse concentrations of chemicals toxicity to plants, and residues. that '-he criterion should be raised orifcghwrthan the average value can kill or Guidance is also given for discarding lowered, appropriate changss are mace 1causeeirnpanble damage in short poor quality data. as necessary. _Jperiods. Furthermore, for some Data on acute toxicity are needed for The present Guidelines have beesdxecricals the effect of intermittent high a vanery of San and invertebrate revised cram the earlier publishedexposures is cumulative. It is therefore species and are used to derive a Final versions (43 FK 21306. May 18. 1978; 43necessary to place an upper limit on Acute Value. By taking into account the FK 29022. July 5. 197$: 44 FR 15326. . Jpciluiant concentrations to which number and relative sensitivities of the Marsh 15. 1979). Details have beenacuanc-organisms might be exposed. tested species, the Final Acute Value is added in many places and the cancer:

' *nite two-number criterion is intended to designed to protect most, but not of a minimum data base has been jdau'.Lc the highest average ambient necessarily alt of the tested and incorporated. In add:*,:or_ :hre« _Jwa'terrcsncanu-auoa which wiii produce untested species. aciuscr.ent factors f|4$ f&efie*} |t ca waier-quaiirv tenerally suited ta the Data on chrcnic toxictty to animais $ens;a\nty factor naW SeViWefctfc** Oairrtenance of aquatic ufe whiie can be used to derive a Final Chronic' These aodificanons"were"'the result "5;—reairrciing the extent and aurauor. of die Value by two diSerect means. If chronic the Agency's analysis of ?ub:;c"vc-rsior.s over that a%«raa* !C lev*is vaiues ar» available for a specified cctsaieRts and cornments received frr— ..v,tcsr.v.l! sot cause harr-The sr.;\ .„ Runb^r anc array of spef.es. i fir.si :r.e 5c:;rr* Auv..s;rv Scars or. *5r.;c-

' '" • -—-————---•

Federal Register / Vol. 45. No. 231 / Fnsav. November 25/1980 Mice* 73

versions cf thr Guidelines. The« aquatic exposure rcuics. acsustr.Er.ij IT. crjsrusrss fsur.c jr. a~b.fr* VVE-.STS .:=rr.— .er.is ar.d the F.esuhm! water csncrr.iration values me;. it zr-ienos developecrr, L'~s rttrjrr :jT.3d-,ri-z »=" j ere soerMsed fuIK ii, mace Tie Agency u-.:«r.a£ ic ;_:,_;si, judged :c be es aaefij cs ci-c: -.7*5Apprric:* D to this r.sace- guidance which will perrsj! the Siait 5 :c criteria in protecting des:rr.fi.:t; ws:=-- • • r .u B-_* -*;-« «r «««*.„ identify significantly diHerer.: exposur; use* Ir; mdditior.. where mis zr: 4feOmens tor the Frofcfcon of HuraaB palterb £ j,^ u «v.itebie. toxidiy-ba* *d =n;er.* JPtiealtfi . warranted by the demonstration of also presented for pollutants w;iInterpretation of the Human Keslth significantly different exposure patter *, derived organolepuc crzism. The chcCriteria • this will become en element of a proct-f cf criteria used in water qualityThe human health criteria issued to adapt/modify human health-based standards for these pollutant! w2

tocav arr summarized in Append A of «*«» to locf ' conation, somewasi depend upon tbe descaled a. to betail F«d«ml Rni«t« aotictf Steria for «»J9«» to ^^ M* «Jten* protected, in the case of a muiaple us,T .«-.—;-- «f Kw-««Tt KMltK « modificaUon proceti discnsacd water body, the cntenoo protecnng li .

Pr°f j?« » rfSSi rS?£ ft, previotaiy. it is anticipated that SUtes most tensitive use will be applied.« ^ dic«tion will be able to »et Finally, for M««nd pdiniuu ao crileapptopriate human h*alth criteria based *rs ncommended due to a lack ofF ^ inXormation sufficient forThe me gs «nd pt ia! M«^the Tie p n i ^ tection reviewi ^

cntena value* are distinctly tfaSerent ^ 4b«orption. distribution.depending onthe properae, on which tteUboUsax ,nd excretion to assess ihr RukS.***!.* • rrf. i. i»v biocheaiicai fate of the compounds in Because methods do na: now existThe obJcc&Tt of ttot actlt& _ ^ hummn j ,01 system. The toxac establish the presence of a threshold

assessment portions of the =5f"» effect* section reviews data on acute. carcinofenic effects. EPA's policy is tdocuments Is to «timate amfaient water ,ubtcut chronic toxicity. there is no scientific basis for cssoatconcentrations waica. anhccase oJ synergistic-and anttgonistic effecu, and "safe" level* for carcinogsni. Thenon-carottogeas.p»wt **f«r»e nealtt 9 x information on mutagenicity. criteria for carcinoeens. therefore, staeffects in bumaTtt. end to the case ot teratosenidty. end csrcnogenicity. that the reccmisended concectraf-onsuspect or proven cercmogem. represent FroJn reviev.% the toxic eSect to be maxiiaum oroiection of husaas hea-thvenous Irvei* of incremental cancer protected agair.it is identified tiVing rero. In addition, the Agency aairi**- . . . _ . „ . . into account the quality, ouantity. end presented a range of eaaccasetiofisHeal^ auessments typical contam wd-t of j chartcteristic of the conesponding to incre&en i cancer

diseaulon of fear elements: Exposure. ^ Tte criterion fcnnuletioa section risks of 10" to air* tone ed£t:3=ai capfaeimacotanfi bcs, tone eaecu. *nfl - reviews the mghligats of the text and of cancer in populations nagin? ioacriterion tm—matioa. specifies e rationale for criterion ten nulljon lo iCOOOa respectivciv).The exposure tection »om=jaraei development and the mamematicaj Other conceatni-Joas represiformalioa en exposure natec derivation of the criterion number. • dillerent risk level* »sy beiagestian direcdy from wetei: indirectly Within the limitations of time and by use of ice Os-de-iae*. Tntfrom consumption of aountie orgmifms resources, current published mfonnatior estimate range is presented Jcrfound in ambient water, other dietary ^ significance was incorporated into the infonnfition purposes and dses BC:sources, inhalation, end dermal, contact auman heaiih assessments. ReTiew represent an Agency judrExposure assumptions are used to articles and repens were used for data "acceptable" risk leveldenve human health criteria. Most evaluation end synthesis. Scientificcriteria are based solely on exposure judgment was exWsed in reviewingfrom consumption of water containing a „£ evaluates the data in each criteriaspecified concrnsatiea of a toxic document and in identifying the adverse the health assessments azdpollutant and thtoo i consumption of effects for which protective criteria were corresponding criteria published lcdi;aquatic orjanisas which ere sssused to puhiisbed. werc derived based on Guicsluiefaat.hive bioconcentreted polltxtanti from ' Specific health-based criteria are Methodology Usrt ix the Prssa tior.the water in which they live. Other developed oaly if a weight of evidence Health Effecs Assessnser.: CArp .rs j:multimedia, routes of exposure tush as supports the occurrence of the toxic e Consent Decree Wezer Cirrrirair. non-aquatic diet, or dermal are not effect and if dose/response data exist Dooisients (the CuideZincs'j develops;factored into the criterion !onaulation from waich* criteria can be estimated. by EPA's Office of Reserch acefor the vast majority of pollutants dne to Criteria for suspect or proven Development. The estimation c: ieilL*lack of diti.. The criteria are calculated carcinogens are presented es ' risks associated tvith human exposureusing the combined aquatic exposure concentrations in weter associated with environments} pollutants requirespathwvy and also using the aquatic a range of incremental cancer risks to predicting the effect of low dcsr« for I-organism infestion exposure route men. Criteria lor Bon-caranogens to * lifetime in duration. A comhiisticalone. In' criteria rtSsctiiif both the represent levels et which exposure to e of epidemiological and anirri1 di- c/water consumption end aquatic single chemical is not anticipated to response data is cooyidtred theorganism ingrtuan routes of exposure, produce adverse effects in man. In a few preferred basis for quantitative cnt«ruthe relative exposure coambutJoa varies cases, org sjiolepbc (Uste and odor} data derivation. The complete Guidelines twith the propensity of a pollciant to form the basis for the criterion. While presented as Appendix C Major issuebiococcentrau. with the consumption of this type of criterion does aot represent associated with these Guidelines tr.ciaquatic organisms becoming more a value which directly affects husan responses to public camrcents areiraDonant as the bioconcenirauon factor health, it is presented as an estimate cf presented as AP?t!1f>-* n j ?fBCTJ increases. A* additional the level cf a pollutant that will not No-cSec: (irah4ftrcngn:jjo£'information on total exr«sure i* produce unpleasant taste- or odor eiier specked riik (cararicgeaj* "assembled for pollutants for which directly froai water consumption r» concentratiena were estimated b-_cntena reflect only the two spedSed indirectiy by consuaspoon of aquatic exrrapclauon ircm animal tcxic y or

-73324 ______Federal Register / Vol. 45. No. 231 /Friday. No jet SB. I960 / Notices____________ &

h- r.tn epidemiology. studi« usinc tit way to demonstrate the scientific tpxjciry :o freshwater aizer cccur a: *.'lgKtTBg b*aic exposure »siaEr?r.cr.i. • va.';c:*y of any mode:, the use of nsi. concentrations as low as S2C fig-1. ~ ~' jkiiograxs male person (Report cf L-.t t.v,rapoiation models is a subject of Sa -au- iouatic Lifesk Cnuo on Reference MCG. cebate in the scientific community. Mur»ou. Aquatic u/e

3 Lnterr.ational Commissicr. for Radiaticr. However, risk extrapolation is generally The available data for acenaphther.e •Protection. November 23.1357) as the r--=snized as the oniy tool available at indicate that acme and chronic tox&ry Texposed individual: the average daily this time for estimating the magnitude of to saltwater aquatic life occur at 'consumption of freshwater and health hazards associated with nan- concentrations as low as 970 and Ticestuarine fish and shellfish products U reshold toxicmnts and has been M/L respectively, and would occur a: T,']equal to « grams/day- and the average endorsed by numerous Federal agencies lower concentrations among species jjinaestion of two liters/day of water a id scientific organizations, including that *« more sensitive than those(Drinkias Wctir and Hialth. National £?A's Carcinogen Assessment Croup, testtd Toxiciry to algae occurs atAcademy of SdMg»«- National tha National Academy of Sciences, and concentrations as low as 500 g/L 'Research Council. 193T). Criteria baud the Intaragtncy Regulatory Liaison Human Healthon tne« assumptions are estimated to Oroop aa a useful means of assessing •"be protective of an adult male who thr risks of exposure to various Sufficient data is not available forexperiences average exposure CLrcaogenic oUutants. acenaphtfaene to derive a level which iconditions. _ - w" J. • would P"tect again** the potentialTwo basic method* were used to Noo-caranofens toxicity of this compound. Using -*

formulate health criteria, depending on Health criteria bas*d on toxic effects available organoleptic data, forwhether die prominent advene effect of pollutants other than carcinogeniciry controlling undesirable taste and odor - jwas cancer or other toxic are estimates of concentrations which quality of ambient water, the estimated ;.manifestations. The following sections are not expected to produce adverse level is 20 ug/L It should be recognized -1

- detail these method*. * effects in humans. They are based upon that organeleptic data as a basis forAcceptable Daily Inake ADI) levels establishing a water quality criteria

Carcinoten* • ^ ^ generally derived using no- Have limitations and have noExtrapolation of cancer responses observed-adverse-efTcct-Ievel (NQAEL). demonstrated relationship to potential "—'

from high to low doses and subsequent data from animal studies although adverse human health effects.'risk estimation from animal data is human data are uaed wherever Acml«B " "1performed using a linearized multi-stage lvailable. The ADI is calculated usingmodel This procedure is flexible enough gafety {actors to account for Fnshwaur Aquatic Life ~Jto fit all monotonicaUy-inereasing dose unesrtainties inherent in extrapolation The available data for acroleinresponse data, since it ia9"P"*tes from animal to man. In accordance with indicate that acute and chronic toxicitv " Iveral adiuatafale parameters.™ the National Research Council to freshwater aquatic life occurs at ".alts-stage model a a Unearnon- recommendations {Drinkixy Water and concentrations as low as SB and 2: us " ^

jireshold model as was the onejut Hsajthf Nttiooml Academy of Sciences. respectively, and would occur at lows-model «S> £ *SI2S!Blii Natioa*1 to««Bh C01"" 1S77J- "fe!y concentrations among species that *« ~1cntena docamen^ SJSSSS « factora of 10a ar IMO *™ Med more «nsitive *» So« tested-stage model and its charactensfacs are depending on the quality and quantity of „ r , , Jdescribed fully in Appendix C. The dau fa ^ insunces extrapolations Salwater Aquatic Lifelinear non-threshold concept has been ^ ^^ froffl infam|ation studies or The available data for acrolein - 1-ndarsed by the four agencies inme limiu (0 approjoamte a human response indicate' that acute toxicity to saltwater.'nteragency Jl u torv lja n riwp fron u n , uming &9 Slokinger.- aquatic life occurs at concentrations as ^and is less likely to underestimate ns* Woodward model (Journal of Americin low as 53 ng/1 and would occur at lowerat the low doses typical 01 Water WoAs Aitocittian. 1958). concentrations among species that are -r-nvironmental «y«ursitjun otner Cslcatatfoiu of criteria from ADIs are more sensitive than those tested. Nomodels that conld be U»«L «»«« « aude using the standard exposure data are available concerning the -Jvhe uncertainties " atea wun oose us aiyHoss (2 liters of water, fl.5 srama chronic toxicity of acroiein to sensitiveresponse, f0' ****0-™1*" _m of edible aquatic products, and an saltwater aquatic life, • 1sxtrapolation and other unknown ,verate bodv weight of 70 kalaetort. because of the use of tverage «v««!« way weignt 01 TO Kgj. Wumcn Heajtfj jexposure assumptions, and because of Daiee Oaober 24.19sa Fw Am f hunan hBaiththe serious public health consequences Dou,»» M. Cosri frora ( rues flf acrciem•bat could result J nsk were Adntaatnur. ingested through water andinderestimated, wwj"*« ™j*» Appendix A—Summary o/ Water contaminated aquatic organisms, the Jpnident to use ««««"»n" «*«* to JSL Chteria ^ ambient water criterion is determined toestimate nsx IB the water quality . ,. be 330 ug/1-litEria program-The linearized Acenapfathene For the protection of human hearth .•wlttsuse ™d afc avs'e™c"d Frestvrcter Aquatic Ufe " from the toxic properties of acroieinS« "e SS SL\v The available data for acenaphthene ^"^ *™«Sh contaminated aquaucthan the one hit procenure pr . ^.^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ frPe9hwaler orgamsms alone, the ambient water ..,hshould be noted that extrapolation ~ acuanc Ufe occurs at eoneentncions as <^«Ron is deiexained .a be rao &: -

-ode's provide estimates of nsk since s low as 1.700 jig/1 and would occur at Acryionitrileof assumptions are buit ato any lower ccr.centrations among species Fresiwat*-Modets usfflg wdety different tftsr ire more sensitive than those fmnwate.ticns may produce estimates ;estec. No data are available concerr.ir.g Tne avaiiajle data foracryicr. rue "~over several orders of the chronic toxiciry of acenapht.ier.e :o incicate that acute tcx:c:n :s 5re3rrw.i:arce 5:r.cs ther? s s: ?r»sen: r.c se~s::>v--e freshwater ac*aal:c ar.isiais ';-' icusnc l..re occurs at ccrcer::ri::cr.s aa

-Federal fcepstcr / Vol 45, No. 2S ridav. Noverr.r'r ZE. 1950 / Nonces T93Z:

To-** •> 7.S&D fig/1 and wotdd ocr.r *! assumption ior thi* chemical. Howevt1 - we: can«ntr»t*BRS among speow zero Itvel may no', be attainable it th' ~ ^ ,_, ,4-., ,.^ T •_-.e: srr mart lennrrve than tno« ^ present Unit. Tberefort. the levels wfc. ••».•'*—*?' .--c... -.. ?etitd. So deftmtivt dau CJT tvtslable msy remit in incremenua increase of e eveilibit cats 5orconcerning the chronic to:cciry of - cancer ri*k'over the lifefimt are . iscjcatt U.ct acutr me chrorjc t;s sscrylositnie to sensitive freshwater estimated at itr1. 1CT* and ID"' Tbe lc fr**-w*tK> ao"atic life occur s*aqustic Hie but mortality occur* ml corresponding criteria are .71 nsA. .071 conceniratJoni as low as gjpoo 8-i i,6L,conctatrtooai « low as 2.BOO «/l with wL »nd jxTl v. e *'L *«P«tiveiy. and would oc=r itconctatrtooai « ow as . « w w/L »nd jxTl ng/L respectively. If me f .* fish *pra« exposed for 30 day*. - 2 «tiinaterare medTtor l?ww *«tt»t»OM««»m «P«=tDJit an sore. _ , , .SaJtwoter Aquatic ISft wwranptioirtif aqumnc opmiims only ^ tfti ToxSdly w mlgme o . ,.Only one smitwater tpeci« hu been •»»««« coniamptiwi of water, fee concentrationi at low as 010 M/i.

*art

or chronic toadcity. • ' wpretrating dJHerent riak levels may be No aaltwater orsaniimi have b«Dealndated by UMf-of the CaidrttDM. The adetjuately tested with antimony, and

Huntan Health _ . . jui »»tmi»te rmUgc it presented for no statement can be made concerningFor the tpr r1 ™ prelection of haroan Infonnation purpo*u and doei not . . . acate or chronic texiaty.

healtii irom the potential rrrrrnngeaic represent an Agency judgment on an Human Healthefiecu due to exposure of acrylonitrile • - acceptable" xiak levelthrough Inafif tion of contaminated water .... ' - . For the prete«ion of human healthand conUmlnated aquatic orjanisms, **&&, , .- . , from .the toxic properties of antimonythe ambient water concentration should FnahwateAauaticLik ' ' ' _ tagested through watet andbeierohasedontheBon iresnold *..-...•. - « A " ' xontammated aquabc orBamsms- meassumption lor this chemical HoWve'r. Fozfcahwater mquate ule the ambient water cntenon i» detennaedIETO level may not b« attainable at » . ""Brttanof-rfdrtn ahonidnot bel««/Lpreient time. thertib»,"th« levels which «xce«d W UgA «t «oy time. No data *re For the protection of human healthmay result in incremental increase of tvaflablt concerning the chronic toxidry from the toxic properties of antimonycancer risk over thelifetline ate '- '' of aldrin to semutive fctshwater aquatic ingested through contanina ted aquaticestimated at ltT» 0£T*. and UT'. Ti* * &*- ' . ' : - : * . organisms alone, the ambient water

" ' entenon is oetermmed to be 4S.OOO itg' 5. .. _ . - - . Aneme

above estimates are made ibr. • t 5er saltwater aquatic life tha .consumption oraquatie organisms only. • concentration oiE aidrm should notexcluding consumption of water, the * •' exceed U >ig/l at any tixoe. No dau are or freshwater aqnatic Ufe the ^levels are a_5 ug/1. 5 ftg/L and SKS &J- available conceminfi the chronic toxicity concentration of total recoverable ••L respectively. Other concentrations . .of aidrm to sensitive saltwater aquatic, trivalent inorganic arsenic should norrepresenting different risk levels »ay be. Bfc - • -V* -V ' • - -* ' '' .- exceed 440 »tg/l at any time. Short-tencalculat«d by use of the Cuidelia«."nie - " " " • — . * . . • * efiecti on embryos and larvae of »qu£risk estimate range it presented *cr_ - Hianon Health . .-•'.. . vertebrate species have been shewn tinformation purpos« «ad does aot . ' . For ie maximum protection of human f"3" *l c°»cent»ao" as low as 40 hrepr«ent an Agency, jtidgment on an health from the potential carcinogenic"aecepuble" risk larcl . - -•- . .-. - g due to axpoaare of mldia Arough SeJtwater Aqaatis Life

i-. . _ " tagestinn of coauminated water and- " Tfce avmOable ntta for total-" '- --- " :-C«t«ataatod«qu«ticecjaniBns.ttt ,. tecovermbk triraient inorganic aneni, '_>c... ,— -. -_- ambient water eoncentratioa should be -. indicate thai *cati toxidty to talfwat

Freshwater Aquatic XJft "-_ " _* . "/^ ~ lero based on the xkoo-threshold . . aquatic He occors at concentrations £For dieldrm the criterion to protect ~ assumption far this chetticaLiiowerer. lowasS» ugA md would occsrmt

fresh water aquatic Hie 'as derived'iuing zero level may trot be attainable at the lower concentrations among speciesthe Guidelines is C-0019 ug/1 as a 24- present time. Therefore, the levels which that are more sensitive than messhoar average *nd the concentration ' may result in incremental increase of • tested. No dau are ivailable concernshould not exceed 2-S >tg/l at any time. cancerrixk over the lifetime are • the chronic toxiciry of trivalent*• , +—A _ .- f^". "-"- -" '-*- estimated at 1CTMO** and Itr1. Tie inorganic arseaic to sensitive saitwatScltwaterAqiB&c&f* r ;. ^ ^ corresponding «ileri» are J4 ng/l. H>4 «quatic lift.Fffl-aeldrm the triterifle to protect _ ng/j. 4 074 j. res ecttvery. H fee' Human Health '

salrwetET aquatic life as derived asing "- " above estimates are made for " _theCuidBlm«i«tUXas«A»»2*- / consumption of aouatic organisms only. ? or emaadmtttD prpt«ction af hnrhour avenge tud the conceattition • , ecduffiM'cowiBnption of water, the *"?*• *?* ** ******** «rcmof«ushouldnot exceed flA pj at anyjiae. i ^ ni/1. J7B ng/% v&jm * exposure of arsenicHuman Hnto , ' ' . " . - . **H- respectively. Other concentrationsp .For the maximum protec oa of huaaa J«P«»e?*oS dJierenl rak levels may ffle ambient water concentranra ihoor te maxmum proecoa o uaaa

' ' heaith fma the potential carcinogenic J* caicmated by use of the Gaideus.efTecu due to exposare of dieldrm _ * The nsk estimate range » presented ior »Mumption for this chemical. Kowev

T , through mgettion of contaminatafl water n"_ona*IlOD Pttrpo«» ™ «»* aol xero level may not feanii&tt K'and ooB«m«stsd aquatic org anisas. . »P«»«t « Agency pidgmeai on an . present time, Toer*li. it«e*e wthe ambient ware? aoncentrmtaoa should "acceptable" nsk level. axay mult in incruSental increase o:be tero b«sed on tht non-threshold '" • ... .. cancer risk over the lifetime ere

Vfr -i sf.

79325 Federal Register / V. 45. Nc. 231 / Friday. November 2£. ISED / Notices

estimated itltT*. 10**. and ltr\Tlre • lo at S.100 us/1 sod would occur at cancer risk over the lifetime art . \corresponding criteria are 22 ngA. 2-2 lo— « eoneestrations among species estimated at .1<T\ 10"*, and 1C* ', Thtng/L and .22. ng/L respectively. II tha th- 1 aft more iensin've~than those ' corresponding criteria are 1-2 rtg ' 1. .i; ?above estimate* are made for - tested. No definitive data are available ng/1. and £1 ng/Lr respectively . If the . Vconsumptioa of aquatic organisms only. coacenung-the chronic toxidty oi • - -- above estimates are mads for |excluding consumption of water. the besxene to sensitive saltwater aquatic ' consumption of aquatic organisms only.levels art 175 ng/L 17 .5 ng/L and in life, but adverse efiecta occar »t • excluding consumption of water, theng/l respectively. Other coaontratiaas crneeatrao'ans as low as TOO pg/l with & levels are S-3 ng/l. -S3 ng/l. and .05 ng/ -representtnf different risk levels may br fish species exposed for IBS days. , 1* respectively. Other cpnceatratiorjealcuUted by oae of tha Guidelines. Tir .u..—— u-,i*- -"-.-• -.-/..I. • , representing different risk levels may berijke*gmate<*nff*i>ptc*antedfor •-. numaa HianA ^ fr . . -. .- . v csloiUted by ase of the Guidelines. Theinfamatioa purpose* and does not - '"•.". "Fcrtbmaivamiim protection of human' risjc estimate range is presented for Trepresent an Agency judpnent on an. "- '- . --health from the potential carcinogtnic information purposes and does not : ."accepabie" riskleveL .-•—-,* --effects due to ccposure of henrrnir represent aa Agency judgment on an ~~A Min* ' " "* "" J?*"* ' * "!J" t 01W*1 taS"*!0!1 ° contaminaited water "acceptable" risk leveilAsocstos ..... .-_ .=. - -,; , g£a contaminated aquatic orsmnisnu. BeryUium ' - " 1FntkwaUr Aquatic LSft • * * •- tfa* ambient water concentration should ^^ ' ~~' ' .-<nNo fr«hwat»'oni«nisms h»ve been "*•'*• an b***d OT *• oon-threshold Freshwater Aquatic Life -~ -

tMteTwitha »Io Sf ininer«i»id •"SSj* *" w T*' •"« «vail«bl. data for beryUiumuostatettemcanUmadfteoncttnina • «ro level mayaot be attmittable at the indicate that acute and chronic loxicjty ;acute or chranic toadcity. -- ^ .*v. present nM. Therefore, Aft levels whxch to freshwater aquatic Hie occurs at J

. >./. . . „ _ --- . Jomyresutt in incremental Jnoeaae of - concentrations aa low as. 130 and £.3 ug/ .,Saltwater Aquatic uf* "".7"-_" * " ;««ncer »>k over the lifetime are - i. respectively, and would occur at lowerNo saltwater organisms Iwve oeen - " - .«som«ted"al 10"; Iff"1, and ID"1. The concentrations among jpedes that are • 1

tested with any asbestiform mineral and _ corresponding criteria are ft.6 >tgA •» more-sensilive than those tested. _Jno statement can.be made concunlng M/u «nd JX* Hg/U respectiveiy. U the Hardaess has ft substantial effect on'acute or chronic tadcity. - "_ . . " . -«oo»e estimates ace made for . >cute tcxiciry.

• .. . . ,-j- ...- . . - consumption of aquatic qrgeaisms only. . . „ 1f&aaen Health -„ - -• . • '*-:?. , •_? exduding consumption of water, the »ut vratir Aquotic Life - ; MFor (he mtTiTmmr protecn of auzbai levels are 400 MS/** *°-Q ftA- vid 4J1 >ig/ The limited saltwater data base *

health from the potential carcinogenic. / L respectively. Other conceatTations , available for beryllium does not permit /effects due to exposure of asbestos ~ -* .representing diSereat risk levels may be «ny statement concerning acute or ."Ithrough ingestioh of contaminated water- calculated by use of the Guidelines. The chronic toxicity.. . . .and contaminated aquatic organisms,. '- lisk estimate range Is-presented for " . Uamtat H»alth = • •- - otfr* y Ki t vtmtfv enne«iP«Hon ihmJ3"- information purposes and does.not • _/i«aion amaimbe zero based on the non-threshold- ~ . represent an Agency Judgment on an • For the maximum protection of human rassumption" for this chemical However, "acceptable" risk leveL -• - - •-- health from the potential carciao?emczero level may not be attainable at the- '* B-., . '' . '. ,- "' - - - effects due to exposure of berylUum -present time. Therefore, me levels which.' """""V., - .. • ; . * mrough ingestion of-coatajninated watermay result in incremental increase of FnshwaterAquSttc Iff* -" '-— . snd contaminated aquatic organisms. '|cancer risk over the Ufetime •«_-•"* '.: * The avauable" deta for benidine" - - ' ?* *mbLenl «"tw concentt«ti«i sbouidestimated at 10-MO-««idl(r%TKe- • :; b« = b.«d on the non-threshQld . ->.correspoadiag crit«U «f SttOOQ -. -.cfToo .t oonSmtr.San, ..' «»«»Pn *" this diemical However,fibcrt/lJOOOOfiben/l. aaS 1000 fibe»/ - n i o c t t ' - »« l«velmaynot be attainable at the1. reapecttvelv. Other coocptrations ". . eTconceiStions among sp.dc*. ; P"4*"1 *?e- P1 "- Ae leveis whiczrepresentiag diSsrent risk kreis may be -. Jrt «?S- sewtttve tharT those '* m*T " l m m=?mf.?ul mcre"e ofej*»W*»rf><Wd ^ ISL.f.fJSSr,!?, -n,risk estimate range is presented for _ -. chlom-c toxicity of beniidine to - * estimssed at 1(T*. 10~*. and 10 '.Theinformation purposes and does not ._ .eaauv* freshwater aquatic life. '- - ST25 .*/LSI.SvliSgif -2''- na J7 ng/L tespecavely. U tae

sstimaies are made far ,-consuffiiption of aquatic orgmnisms only,

. . .i.- —T-. ««uwu>«. MC«un«tc* BuuBMuutK. /1represent an Agency judgment oa aa + ••.- -,.*-i, .:«.- • - ^- -. . - - -.-. . ng/i. »"tcccptable" risk UrreL JV -" " ".UC*!" ia'Ar*i*ri* u*rt' 4'j'e •"• -- T* T-- "• «»**

„ " * * » **J'*- * • * ' " " " ' . ' • '" • " * • fOtl*tO.1

FHBt«Allrfm «Vl ATfMft /_mi> * T — »- __ _^. L _ __1~ J_ ^_^ __ ———?_ -. _ -»_---^ -._ J .^ IlTVCiS -low as 3.300 uaA and would occur at Fortbe maximum "protectson of human . ?** "aa*** »««« »* presented tor ~JoweT ncen tions.jmm, specie* > health from the potential e oaenic ± 5SS?iS«2tSn?»that are more sensitive tba£ those -- effects du. to exposure of fcetoiine SSfcS.!? SL»d*m ™ " an "Itested. No data are available concerning through inges&on of contafflinatea water *ccepuoie nskievei.the chronic toxicity of benzene to - - . - - . «nd contaminated aquatic organism. CiHmiiim " -g O O' A | /) C nsensitive freshwater aquatic life, - the ambient water concentration thould • /?,,7,ii $LU 1 3 U. ... - .. - ... -. be zero based on the non-threahbid • F*sh*mr Aquet* Ltfe* . w ,Saltwater Aqaatte Itf* _ , _ - . , - " „ «s»umpafln for this chemicaL However. For total recoverable cadmium the" The available data for bensene " isro level may not be attainable ai '.he criterion (01 ug/V| to protect freshwatertndjcste that acute toxiciTv to saltwater present Urne. Therefore, the leveis which aouanc life aa denx-ec using *-h:aquatic life occurs a: ccncentrauans as "may rssuit *.« jicremerrtal increase of Guidelines is the numerical value g:ver. •

Federal Rr »r / Vol. 45..No. 231 / Friday. November 2E. 39B3 / Notices 7* ._

r

'"- '

*i » 24-hour the &or>*thresbc!d assumption for thi* concentrstiont as low as 250 jigfl andand the cs=scn7«a~on [in jigfl) cheoicai However. rtrc «ve! may no: would occur al lower conctnssucni

should not excel;: lit nasericaJ vaJut be attainable «: the present t ae. . arsons speciei thai art nore.sess:tjve^ven by c"*mtoAw"*"f*"*'T* at any ^ Therefore, the irveut vh:» may re»uh is t&*.r- tnose tested. Ncdau are avaiiebie.une, For example, a hLrdnesse* of SO. incremental increase o.r c&ncer riak over concerziins &e chronic toxjoiy of the10C. and 200 mg/1 a* CaCO» the criteria the life time are estimated at ID"', 10"'. more toxic of the chlorinated benfcneare QJT12. 0,07$. and 0.051 jij/1. . and 10~'.Tne ecrrespcn-_iag criteria are to sensitive freshwater aquatic life butrespectively. and the concentration of 4.0pg/L -40 fig/L sad JX fig/1 — 'taxicity ocean at concentrations as low

} ' total recoverable cadmium aiould. not respectively. If the abo.-t estimates are *s 50 u$/l for a fish special exposed forj ' exceed !*£, 5J3 and fi4 jig/L respectively, mads for consumption sf aquatic- 7.5 days.

al any time. . . organisms only, exciud .ng consumption e-i ,*., j«,«f»> rw.- . , - '... ' -- - • ofw«te2,Jheleveiaartte4uB/LB.»4 Seifivater Aquatic L&

, - SaJtwatcr Aquatic i^t - - - ^ ^ ^ ^ respectively. Other The available data for calorinatedFor total ncovtrable cadmium the - concentration! npresencag dlSerent . benzenes indicate that acute and

1 criterion to protect s*Itwattr aqoatLc. BTt ri»x Irvel* may b* caleulat«d by HM of rhmnir toxidty to saltwater aquatic lifeax derived citns the Guidtlmet is 43 the CuldeUnes, Tot ziak estkute ranjo utrur at coaccatrmtiona as low as 180pg/1 as a 24-hour average end tht • is presented for information purposes " US jtgA. respectively, and wouldconccntratioa ahould not occa«d 5C pi/2 " and does not represent an Agency occur at lower concentrations among

, it any time, , - $ndgm*nt on an "acceptable" oak level, species that mn more sensitive thanHumonHw/lft - .,",". _: Cblocdan« '" - - . ., tnc*e tested. Tb* ambient water quality criterion &*shwoterAmatic Life ',-'' - Wumfin •"**""

far cadmium is recommended to be ""-. • _ * For the suudxnom protection of hunuir. identical to the ••*«» g drinkini w«ter ' ™ caloraene tee criterion to protect health from the potential carcinogenicstamierrfwMciU 10 nt/L Analysis of " J ter aquatic life as derived using effects due io exposurs ofthe toxic effect* data resulted fa a - fee Cmdelines is OJ043 >tgA «• it 24- fcexmchlorobensene through ingestion ofeakulated level which is prtrtacflve of fcour «v««ie «nd the concenttmUon cont«nin»ted water and t*™**™ * ledhuman health against the infertlonef •" «oouid not exceed 2.4 pgA»t any orne, aquatic organisms, the embient water

• contaminated water and contaminated Saltwater Aquatic Life ~ ' ' • concentration should be zero based onaquatic otianismt-Th* calculated rahae - ., . . _ , _ ,, .-.. - ' _*_ , the non-threshold assumption for thisis comparable to fee present standard. , JSlS S ^ S X • chemical. However, tero level mty notFor thUi«maon a selective criterion / ,- "J Jf SSf Sf d hr*d.J? 8 - *» atteinebie at the present time,b««d ott exposure scleiy &om . . - J*« Cttiddines bUMO MS/1 « *«- Therefore, the level, which may result iconsumption of SJ trams of aquatic \._w»»»«M*. «».«"«•«»« incremental increase of cancer risk ove:H ttoe, -

-'"'•=' '"; Human HSatt& ,..'' " "-..*/" " and 10-T.tbe corresponding- • " ' * • ' - ***gjw K* —•Vt»...». .-ntj-jrHi-n are

• Tnc tnilable date for arbca " ~ effects due-to exposure of chlordenetetr»cnlorfae indicate that acute toxidtr through infettion of eonteminated water SrL SSf SUSf1?to fr«hwatcr aquatic life occaa at ' -'sad contaminated aquatic organisms. fwauooag consumpuon of water, theconcentrations is low a, 2SJDO gA««i-- the ambient water co ntralonthould T± l871 * "«A tt(: -074wtm occoratiowerconcentrations ._ b« zero based em the non-thresholdamona species feat are more s«nsitiv« raniption for this chemical. However.than those tested. No data are avaOibie .»» level mty not be attainable at theeonceniafJhechToisictaxkityof.. ^ presratttm.. !. , the levels which

-

.p1 -

'-Thj For the protection of human health_ . - . * » • * ^ ^- , corresponding criteria are 4.6 u/L 18 «_-._.. ,L_ »«_4.. --__«*iM -M 9 1 e.The available data for carbon '• nsA. oie ns/L respectiveh? U the- ?S w JSEL' ^ .ji i.tetrmchloride inacate.that tone toddiy «Sto are dVfor tetr»chlorobe«ene ingested through«aasBSs -.. .

would occur at tower concentrations ••_*• i««.ir«Jajifi«nrttBo/L««! J»MM/ oetennmedtoDe4BMi{l- , ,,«nonfsp«cies that are more sensitive " ' RSS,3r Miife2«2itoi ' For (he protection of human healthStthosVtested. No date an arailabla Ly from

.and does not _ i, determined to be 74

Huxaen Htelth ; -•' •* -"-'-V — v " repreaent an A«ency )udgment on an . _ For the protection of human healthFor the maximum protection of human "»«eptable- nak levai . , from the toxic

health from the potential carcinofesic. Chlorinated B grnnrr • ' , penuchiorobeeffects due to exposure of carbon ''1 -.,. ^ *„„*- r ,-fc ;- " contaminated «qua c*orfausmsletrmcfaloride throujh infestion of . AesAwatef AflaflfleJJ _ . the «mbieit water criterion iicontaminated water and contaminated The evailable data for chlorinated determined to be 85 p*/Laquatic organism* the ambient water benzenes indicate that acute Itnocity to Using the present guidiliaes. aconcentration should be sero baaed on freshwater aquatic life occurs at ' satisfactory criterion cannot be derivet

7332S Federal Register f Vol. 45. No. 2*1 / Friday, Nov« . 2a. 1980 f N'ctices &

•t that lime dat to tht insufficiency ic chemical. However, zero level may ntrt tnd 10"*. The correspond:: triterii «r? • f-'jw available date fc- sieslorobetzene. t» attainable at the present time. ~ 1.7 (t/t. .IT uz 't tnd .PIT . ''1. - - - |For corr.p*rtsor. psrposrs. two Therefore, the levels which msy result Ic respecsveiy. U the above t: j:.4tea are

i "approaches wtre usei to derive "-"*" increments! increase of cancer risk over made for consumption of a: etie '•I cnuric:TlevBls for manochicrs benzene. ' the lifetime are estimated at 10"*. 10"*. organises onJy. excluding c -jsucipticr. *,'•]j Ba»«d on availabl. texicity d?u. for tn. tnd 10*T. The corresponding criteria are of water, the levels are 107 j-g/L 10.7 >j* protection of public health. 136 derived »•* «/l M ug/l «nd .094 fig/1. jig/L and LOT jig/L respecsv ely. Otherj • kv*i is 4M fig/L Using svaiiibla ' respectively. If the above estimate* are - concentrations representing different

:= onanoleptic data, for contro itr.g •" mad. for consumption of aquatic " risk levels may be calculated by use o/ -'-' undesirable taste and odor c jality of " " " organism* only . excluding consumption the Guidelines. The risk eitimste range ,J; ambient water, the estuna:&-. level i* 20 • of water, the levels are 2.430 pg/L 243 ' Is prcientcd for information urposea! ng/L It shauid b« racognisec that ._ . «/Land 24J g/I iwpectiTeiy. Other and doea not represent an Agency; oreaooieptic data as % bails for * ' V-- eoncentTBtioiEi representing different • Judgment on an "acceptable" risk leveL ]i establishing a water quality criteria' "*" '* risk Ivrtb may be caJculatediy use of For the maTimtim protection of human _J' ha v* limitatioos and har< no '. . *" "" . th» fiuidefinaa. Tht risk ntiauti range _ health from the potential carcinogenic

• damocstrated relatiooahip tc potential "; U pr«s«nt»d far information pqrpose* effects dua to exposure of hexa-: adverse human health effecti " ,'" «nd does not represent «n Agency chloroethane through ingestion of "]

- . jodgment on an "acceptable" risk level contaminattd water and contaminated > J^ For the- protectSoa of hnman health . aquatic organisms, the ambient water

Lif * ~' • " ***"": fcom die toxic properties of ULi- . w » .concentration should b* «ro based on* '. •» ui fc..v——- j.i. r« -*Vniofci«ro«tBaiie ingested through water the noo-thresbold assumption for this

The aTsalafals Ereshwater data for . _ . eoouminated aquatic organism, the chemical However, zero level may notchlorinated ethanes indicate that • - ajabfcQt w,ter criterion is datermined to be attainable at th* present tune,toxidtywcrewsgPtaUywrth '-*•? "b«ia.4mt/L 1 ., - • Th«rafo«. tha levels which may result inIncreasing calorinatioa, and that acatt For tbt protactioa of ouman health incremental increase of cancer risk overtoxicity occnrs at concsnttations as tow • m the toxic properties of UJL-tri- _ the lifetime are estimated at 10~4 ifl-«as ii&OOOMA for U-diciuoroethana. chloroithan. ingested through - 1(rt. Th. corresponding criteria are18.000 jtg/lior two tnchloroethanaa, -,- contaminattd aquatic organisms alone, 19 ua/iro ua/Land AS aa/Lau^Mg/Jfor»«tetetchloroeth«ie^ -'_. the ambient wafer criterion is ' ' res vely. If the above climates are7^/lforpwtachloroetnaiittnd .-; datermmad to be US *au^Mg/Jfor»«tetetchloroeth«ie^ -'_. the ambient waer criterion is ' ' resvely. If the above climates are7 /lforpwtachloroetnaiittnd .-; datermmad to be US & ., . - SSSSrtaSta *rf SuSfc960 Mt/1 for hex.chloro.th.ne. Chrome . . For tb. m dmnrn protection of huma • anismslSn u SnSnptiontoxicity occurs *t concantt.tions as low ; fc Hh from the potean*! carcinogcaic - t ^ levelj .„ jy L £4

--- efiects dua to exposure of 14* - / - - ««n.ai«/Lr«Divelv Other* - is £ff2i.s5r«s£Sr' contacted water «d contaminated ^ levS may-S cSd by « offor peotachteroethane. wd S40M/l_.qu,ti.c organisms, the ambirat water ^ c a e,. The fc Mdznate riBge

- - . M B K n m u e - i, pnsentad for informaaon purposeschrome tonety would oc«r a. : lower X* ft. ac teshold assumption for tbs ' ' does not represent u Agencyconcentr»aon» amoog species that are - \ rhrmirai. However. *ero Uvel may not iudmifiai an an "aeentahle* risk l*vtL* . - -more. «nsitive dan those t«ted. . . g*. be«ttemabie at the present time. .. - - u t h e present gaidelis, a

ScJtvaterAauaticlJf* ~" '.' "-7" 1 J*™ the l«vels wtich may resnlt in Mtisfactory criterion cannot be derivedib. .v«ubj. * ^ *>=& S3S5SSE£S?Srr •• * tolufficieai:y -

chlorinated ethane* indicate that - -'.. and WTThe correspondiag criteria antoxidtymcr.as«grMdywith • ^C? «Mi/L-»«/Land JBjifA . '.--•- sn te reaeat audanes. a.

•»t^cmrycnnc.o7be derivedteamsumptionofa<|Mtic «l thiittme due to th. msufficieocv in

"_

ocean atconcentratioa* as low as ;-- -.organisms only, rxrtnnlng consumption - ^ »ulahl« data far 1.1H3JX»>ig/lforl4-dichioro«than«.--'- i of wate, the l«veU are 418 8/1- 41 .- dichioroV ieT -31J!DOMg/lforI i oroeth«ne, ^ ./Laitd B /lrMpectlvely. Other .. Uring the presenl guideline*, a'9.02D ug/l te M onwtbusv -., concantntibM representing djff«nt MtisSltory criterion cannot be denved3BO g/lforpeatacaoroethaae:and940 - kleve U may be calculated by use of « this time due to the insufficiency in

for hnucbioroethansv Chronic ***• th. Guidances. Th. risk estimate range . tfat tvmilable data for 1OAA-~ *texicity ocean at coneentrstions a. tow~- is pm*medfor Information purposu iBtrachloroethaae.

a* 281 >ig/l for pentMbloroetfaan.. Acutr and do» not represent an enry ' -. , • Usint SrpreS€at guidelines. » " -Jtfid cofO&ic toxidry vfOQifl occnr ftt • * ** " joojflAft&t on A& ACCCV OIC osrft icvftLtowerthat an mon s<nsitiv. than tnos. .«"- health from the pounnal carcinogenictnted, ---.-•:'= v-i-' ?-. *flraj« tJects do. to exposure of l.li2-tetra-7 u 7rt-> r - -- -* " chloro«th«ne thrSigh mgestion of . ./ftunan/iea/£ft_.. ., . ..._ -.-v - v-: caotaminated water and confarmnated ' Ciloriaatad NaphthalenesForth, maximum protection of haman. aquatic organisms, tha.ambi.nt water Fr&hwater Aauatic Life

health from the potential carcinogenic concentration should be zero based on. rromrmer Atfuaac ureeffecta due to exposure ofl -ci- - ' thi non-threshold assumption for this The available data for chlorinatedchiorotttfaabe through ingestion of •*- v '• H** '"1 However, zero level may not naphthalenes indicate that iqttecontaminared wmtar and coataain*ted "- b. ittaiaablt at the present time. _ toxicty to fres&wateni aaquatic organism*, the ambient water ' Therefore, th. levels which may result m at eonceatrmtlonj as iSwdaconcentrsn'on abooid be zero based on ' * Incremental increase of cancer risk over and would-occur at lowerthe aon-thresboid assumption fcr this ' • the Ufednie are eatimated at 10". 10"*. " concentrations among species that are

rE

___________ Register / Vol. 45. No. 231 / Frit, y. Novembei 2S. 19SO /Notices >fc:'

morr •emitive thac those tested, Nc demonstrated relatmnsh ; potential Irvel which woulc prr'ec; apeinst tht 'czit arc avaiishle concerning the adverse humcnhealth e: : " potential isxic:ty of !h;s ccir.pour.;

ronic toxjcir} of chlorinated Su£f;c:eii! data is not a-. -PDIP for *- Using available orpsjiDiepiic datE.js:^tphthaienes to sensitive freshwater monocLjorophenoi to der.- ; t level controlling uncesirFbtf tssie and occr

aquatic lift. . . - -- which would protect age:r '. the quality of ambient water, the est ssie_, ... '.. ." - *"•-. potential tcxicity of this ctmpoand. level is 1 ftg/L It should be recopusecSo/rwafer Aquatic UJ* , • „ _ _ - u ing 1Vaalable orgenolep: c data, for ' . that organoleptie data as a basis lo: -'The available data for chlorinated controlling undesirable tane and odor establishing a water quality cnier.t

napthalenei indicate that acute toxicity quality of ambient water, tae estimated have limitations and have ho'to • tit-water aquatic 10e occurs at — level is Ol pg/l It should U recognized demonstrated relationship to potentialconeentrancas as low as 7S jijA and that orgaaoleptic data as i basis for adverse human he&lUi ffiecls.would occur rt lower concentrations cstabUshiag a water quality criteria ' For comparison purposes, twoamong fpccies that art more sensitive have limitations and have no _. ~~ approaches were used to derivetEan those tested. No data are available. ' demonstrated relationship to potential criterion levels for 2.C5-trichlorophenoLconcerning the chronic toxicity of . ~- adverse human health •Sects. • *' B*aed on available toxicity data, for thechlorinated naphthalenes to sensitive Sufficient data is not available for 2J- protection of public health, the derivedsaltwater aquatic Hie. . • . ." dieitlorbphenol to derive a level which , " .level Is Z£ mg/L Using availableu u it • '-"' " •* '• * woido*-protect against the potential • organoleptic data, lor controllingHuman Hen/ia ,- *-...,* , \:~ tcxicity of this compound. Using „ desirable taste and odor quality ofUsinj t»* Present guideline*, a . ' . available arganoleptic data, for ambient water, the estimated level is 1.0

satisfactory criterion cannot be derived ' eontrojling undesirable taste and odor pg/l It should b* recognized thatat this time due to the insufficiency in . - quality of ambient water, the estimated orgaaoleptic data as a basis forthe avaikble data lor chlorinated ' • leva! is JH ng/L U should be recognized - establishing a water quality criteriaaapihalents. " -- " V. - :•, .-»,-* s *•&** orgaaoleptic data as a basis for % " have limitations and have no

, " 'j, ""-• -\ - - " - establishing a water quality criteria demonstrated relationship to potentialChlorinated Psaoois •;i ~ • _,;-^ -"have limitations and have no" - - adverse human health effects.Fnsb water Aquatic tlft " ' ".' ^ deraoastraleii relationship to potential For the maximum protection of human

"* , .^ • ' ' "~ . -* advene human health tfiects. health from the potential carcinogenicThe available freshwater cata for_ ; "SuScient data u not available for 2 - ejects due to exposure of 2X6-

cnlcrinaUd pnenftls kialcaiejhat , . -dichlorophenol to derive a level which - trichloropheaol: through ingestion of• toxiaty jeieTBjiT incretses witli • . " _, -would, protect against the potential ' • contaminated water and contaminatedincrcKsiag chlorrnarinTL and that acste loxicity of tbis ompound. tlsiag - - aquatic organisms, the ambient watertaxidty occurs at concentrations as low .available organoleptic <3** , for "" concentration should be zero based onis 30 jig A for 4-chloro- methylphenol to • controIliBg undesirable taste and odor the non-threshold assumption for thisgreater than SOEXOOO ftg/1 for other /•"--; (jcality of ambient wmter, the estimated . chemical. Howeveti zero level may ni

^ -coniponndL Chronic toxidry-occors at^ -. . icveUs £ >ig/L It should be recognized • be attainable at the present time. _" concentrations u low- a* 870 PC/Her "' that organoleptic data as a basis for ; Therefore, the IcvcU which may result i:2.4.6-trichloroph«roI Acste and chronic. «stabUshing a water quality criteria " " incremental increase of cancer risk overloxicity woold eccar at lower '• r- '. . ' have limitations and Have no the lifetime are estimated at 10~S ID"*,concentrations" among species that are. demonstrated relationship to potential ' and 10"T. The corresponding criteria aremore sensitive than those tasted, • .- adverse human health effects. "* 12 u-g/L 1-2 fig/1, and .12 jig/1So/fva/ffr Acuatfclffe""" *Vf *-" - -:~ StirTiriret data is not available for 2> "respectively. If the above estimates are

fr* ..•- y, •/* - :i r>_ t dicHorophenol to derive a level which • made for consumption of aquaticf The available saltwater data for . • . would protect against the potential - organisms only, excluding consumptioncklorinated pnenols- mdicata that -.-..- toacicity of this compound. Using „' .7-..." of water, the levels are W jig/L 3.6 g/Ltnsdciry generaBy mcrusci with' .-" .; , available orjanoleptic data, for .; ~ ' and JC ftg/l respectively. Otherincreasing chlorination aad that acute . - conQoIIing undesirable taste and odor concentrations representing different 'toxicity occurs at concentrationi as low quality of ambient water, the estimated risk levels may be calculated by use ofas 440 u.g/1 for £3.££-tetrachlaTaphenol , level is 2 ug/L It should be recognized the Guidelines. Tbe risk estimate rangeand a-TOO jtg/1 for 4-duorophenoL , •. that organoleptic data as a baits for . is presented for information purposesAcute toxicity would ttccsr at lower astahlithing a water quality criteria t and doe& not represent aa Agcnc;-concentratioas among tpecfes that are _ have limitations and have no ' " . Judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.' more sensitive than those tested. No .• _ ~ demonstrated relationship to potential Uauig available organoleptic data, fo:data are available coaccmiag the -. .v * * adverse human health effects. ' ' .controlling undesirable taste and odor.chronic ttoddty oT chlorinated phenols.- ; Sufficient data is not-available for 3,4- quality of ambient water, the estimatedto sensitive saltwater-aquatic Hit. ._- dichlorophenol to derive a level which level is 2 jig/L It should be recognized

<:..* *;- . <,. wocld protect afaiast tha potential • _ that organoleptic data as a basis for><-. :r - . -. toxictty of this compound. Using " .. •.. establishing a water quality crilenon

data is not cvaBable for 3- - available organoleptic data, lor *., have limitations and have noXBoaochloropbenol to derive a level . - . controBing undesirable taste aad odor demonstrated relationship to potentic?which would protect against the quality of ambient water, the estimated adverse human health effects-notential toxicity of this compound. • * lev el is J ug/L It should be recognized Sufficient data is not available for I-Using available crganoleptic data, for that orgaaoleptic data as a basis for ' zaethyl-t-chlorophenol to derive a levecontrolling undesirable taste and odor establishing a water quality criteria .' - which would protect against anvquality of ambient water, the estimated " have limitations aad have no . potential tcxicit fbfliarlevel is tu ftg/L U should be recognized demonstrated relationship to potential Using available orgimnethat orf anoleptic data as a basis for ' adverse human health effects. . controlling undesirable taste aad odorestablishing a water quality criteria Sufficient data is not available for quality of ambient water, the estimate:have nmStatioxis and have no ' 2 .4.6-tetrachlorophenol to derive a level ii 1800 pg/1. U should be

- 8 sRegister / VoL 45. No. 231 / Friday. November 2S. 1S50 A Koticea

cdaUtic "Xtthe •bov*'esttmei« are'mace for " Sc/rwoierAtfvsxcLiftk v :c; entlirv consumption of acuafac orgEHiiss ocjv. __ , , , . t

b. /nsvt limitation: -e bin no excluding con»um?ti« cf water, the ' , d»tt b"e :3r " ''a 'r spe=:" '*' - - . . - - - - . - -° _r _ _ Ii— tlf* tn nn* «••! »nC 2C Sl lCITie"; "-TiPdemo. tcd Nation,!,: tt pole**! levels. ng/L iK ng/l 'and .IMadverse human betltfa. .5- s. . Bg/L respectively. Other concentration*Sufficient data is not irulable for 3- .representing different riik levels m*y be

Betbyl-4-chlorophenol to cerivt • lave! calculated by ua* of the Guidelines. Toe Human Healthwhich would protect against the - . risk estimate raagp ts presented for ' F«-,U. m. -.J! ™" . .-.<«« «rv.. _ *potential toxidty of this csmpcuad, , information purposes tad dot* not ' J ^ £ m ' "Uains available orgaaoler :l= data, for reprweat u Affw Mgmeat on an -Lto&fL_ . _ »;_- _-j_.i-«vt. tc.?« »***! nr4*tr - . . »• - j i t'- i • -- tnecss aue tocoatroUinguoaesiraoi«U-W»naoflar . "•cccpUbU xi«k levei. . •- . . «.__..v (.,..M.

a confifimtbapotentUl carcinogenic ^ mfai ccentraon .hould

to «*»»"« of bi. (2- ' : . , ... .fa. z«e ba»d on tbt aoo-threafaoldHowever.

l«v,ljbay not be .tub»bi. at tieorganiama, tb« ambitat water -pre««nt time. Therefore, the leveJa which

for 3- " wneentration i abonld-ba jero based oa nay r«ult in incremental increase of5" notMhrtahoid aaaionptlon for th» cmncar risk over the lifetime artcbeaicaLHowtrer. two level may not ciamatedat KTMIT* andlCT'.The

«tt«ta«b « *! P"?* * ^ , '" ***W™te* =i*eri« *" "0 pg/L .19 ..the levels which may result la M/t «d JJ19 ftg/L reapectiTely. IT d»- i . ,"ouaiirToTambieat water: the estimated *• ¥efcn* «« «»a»«ted at KTf. 1IT« - consumption of aquatic organisms oely.

Uvaliafflua/1. It should b« wcoaniatd " ' «od 1(TT. Tbe corresponding criteria are . totciuding consumption of water, themlt c SoUpti S « 7b7£to - •» W^. » ># «d JXB «fl.. - " - M. an 157 „/!. IM g/L and «7•stabl&hing a water auaJlty aiterioa ." *«*P*clively. tn« abore esnmatn an >ig/L respecnveiy. Other concentrationshavelimitatiooaandaavaao •- ; - r" 3»de for eonsuaiption of aqnmnc . reprwentiag different risk levels may bedemonstrated reUuoaship to~poteitUl ' - ' organianu only, aicrinfting coasomption calcaUted by us'* of the Guidelines. Theadvene h"™-n health effect!. - '. ' '• ;.ofw»tar, the larals art 03.8 u«/llJ«- . hskesttma ta range is presented for .

— - : -.r U.v * " -" MA- aaoT ai >ig/l. r*»P*ctfv y- Other iaformatioa purposes and does notOiloroaDcyi Eawri .j .~?v" 'T '."r-* conceatratlona zcpnsentiitg different ' " represent aa Agency judgment on an

caiculated by use of " "accepUbla" risk level * ^ . ..-«. T LI j * * liA n_j"" -"- . the GuideEnes. The risk estimate rangevThe-aTailabte data for chlorealkyl C'T bpnMBledtetafaeMeoapqnoiea

ethers indicate itat acute Md» to ^ V B5dDe3notr re«ilt«lAJeiiT --'. • Fnxhw**? Auntie Uf*

' "

( j:.

.JneavaiUbe data for 2 Ioropheaolasd would occur at lower -• -^ .;--.. 'For th« proteetioo of humaa health . mdiale that acute toadciy to freshwaterconcentrations among species that are ' ' ' * ffott me ^ propertiea of bis (2- . aquatic life occurs at concentration* as . ,more saaaitivB man those tested. No -"'' eaioroisopropyi) ather ingeated through low as 4J80 >*g/l and would occur atdafinitiv* data are araiiablt concerning water and rmitimmated aquatic • -. bwer concentrations araosg species Ume cirtnic taxicity oi chioromltyi ethcn orgaaiams. me ambient water crilerioa •; mat an aora sensitive teat then tea ted.to sensifire fr»sawater aquatic Hfe. •- --?-J» determined to be 3Oj*g/L . .- - — a -No definitive data are svailable

- - - - >^--^ -rr-^u*^>~-"Foruteprota«ti«a£hnmaalieaWx - eoncerning the chronic tenacity of 2- :Sa/r»wierA?aoOciflSr ;- . .+*- ,. ..-.-. ^ ^ toxic properties of bis (2- ^ — chtoropnenol to tcnuttvs ireafawatet 1.No saltwater organisms hare Seen ~ - -'- chteroisopropylj ether tegested throogh ' aquatic life but flavor ur.pairment occars

tested with any ealoraalky! ether tad no" contaminated aqoatic organiams aiooe. - * o* °°e «pecies of fish at =oncentrao"o=3 ,. ,statemeat can be made concealng aeata* tha ambient wmter criterion is , . , ' . •» fa* •» 2JXX) uf /LandHuman H#xi& ._. ... --• -V- s' "*\ Chk«rfoc« T .*- C""."*;;5/ No saltwater organisRs have beeaFor tfae maximum protection of human ** FnshiwtarAauatic.Lir9 * '"-..- tested with 2-cnlorophenol and no

health from the potential eareiaogsaic ' •';"-." . -- • ; -" • " • - ' ' "statement can b« made coneemmg tcute 'effects due to exposure of bi*-1 • . ' ••" *- ""• The arailable oata for cbolonfomr and chrome toxicity.(chioromethylj-ttb*' through mgestfon :-,- hwiicate that acate toxiciry to freshwater ,.__ „ ',.. . ~ofcomanunatad water aad - ">• -•'•• -aouaticaf* ocean *l cencantratioM is atuaoaatatiacontamiaated aquatic organisms, me low as ZS OO ftgA *&** would occur at . SuiStieat data is aot avaJUbie for 2-ambient water eoaceatran'oa. should W • . lower concentration* among species ' chiorephenol to derive a level whichzero based on th« ocra-uireshotd ''-" ' that are more sensitive thaa the three . would protect agaiast the potentialassumption for thi* cafimicai However. tested species. Twenty-seven-day 1C50" toxicry of this compoand. Uaingzero level may not be attainable st die values indicate that chronic ternary available orgaaolepnc data, forpresent time. Therefore, the levels which, occurs at concentratiozrs aa low *s U*0 controlling undesirable :aate ind odormay result in incremental incresss of pgA and coald occur at tower • quality of ambient water, the estimatedcancer risk over the lifetime an . concentnoooa aaioag speoes or other level Is 0.1 tg/L It SRofti£b0 c|: £ Ktsamated st i£T*. 10"* and 10" T. The ' life stages that are mora sensitive thaa ' that organoleptic dats is Vails for . „carreapondinf criteria' anT-OSS ag/l, the eariiest life cycle stzge of the establishing a water qoaltry'criteria.0033 ag/L «nd JC038 ngA reapectivBly. raujbow treat. """ ' have liauUtie&s and havt r.o

Krslster / Vo! *£• Norm / Friday. November 26. 19; Notices

demonstrated relationship to potential wicuieies value ii compareDie tc the tnat are more »s»tive was thrss.ev«. human b»llh tH.cts. pr««: sundard. For th» rea.on a tested.

•elective cr.tenor. based or exposure Haatas HeaJth»s»2=juiR - " SGJS:V free consumption o: 6.5 grams of?»«»»/«• Aouetfc Lift «*»« oitantas ~« not derived, , Tb* ambient water quality erne:fnsnvtQterAqveuctJj* . - .-* * t . for cyanide is recommended to btFor total recoverable hexavajent . Ccppr- _ , identical to the existing dnnkmj water

chromium the criterion to protect Fng. ^ A'^cufe sundard which ii 200 «/L Analysis o;freshwater aquatic He a* derived using - * ^ . . toe toxic eHeci» data resulted in a

'" the Guidelines is O23 u$/I«« « 2*-a=»* For I=-ld recoverable copper the calculated level which is protects ofaverse and the concentration should criter sn to protect freshwater aquanc hlBMB h^uh against the ii ' '§a* dZl mi «F " ' contaminated wataTd-m nFor freshwater «*««*]& &t - tf I *. •; 24-hour average and ti» organism*. The calculated vain

,- *• '««*. at fc£d™ o 50.100. rf o.quaticttme. For example, *t b*rdn«»« «rf » - --and 200 mg/1 C.CO, the concenfration orFMit w.7n" deri dL100 and 200 mg/1 ai CaOD« the - ef tote; recoverable copper iherald not . ***«-*****"*"« °°l oenvcB-concentratian of total racovermble exceed 12. 22. and 43 pg/l at any time. DDT cod Metabolite*trivalent duomhim ifaould not «xca*d Seltwatir Aquatic Uf9 ' ' • . " Fmhwster Aquatic Life* ' -

r

rr

aaoa*JOQ.«nd8jao^ifiMi«cvtr. -at any ttmt. Tie avafiafale data indiaie ,. cr total recoverable copper the DDTthat chronic toxidty to freifawater . cntenoti to protect *utw«ter aquatic life Fof DDT Ktld itl meubolitei theaquatic life ocdin at eonceatrationi as « denved aimy the Guidelines i» 4J) oiteiion to protect freshwater aquaticlow a 44 m/1 and would occor at lower M« «• « 2«jour •yens* and the •- He „ derived ^ ^ CoidelinM Uconcentration! amen* specie* that an efncen tlon *faouW "f1 " a R/1 OJJQ10 «/l a> a 24-hour average and thmore ienaitrve than thwe tested, «t any ton*. _ . .- . .', — : .- concentration should not exceed 1J. tg

_Suffidentdata 1. iiot«ilabU for - TOE'For total readable hexxvalent ' - »om.B«M»»i»i«ju«w.iin_ •- *~*

chromium the criterion to protect - - copper to derive a level wirich would .The available data for TOE indicatesaltwater aquatic He as derived using " J?? «f«ort tee potentUI toacity of &mt aarte toxiaty to freshwater aqi'he Guideline, is 1ft fig/1«« a 2*-ooor -'. -™ compound. Usmg available , .-; . life occurs at concentrations as lowvenffe and the concentration should ""> cwolepbc data, tor controlling - - • a* g/1 and would occur at lower ,

not exceed USD u*A *t any lime., „ ' aadewrabie Uste and odor quality of concentrations among speciei that areFor total reeovStble trivalent - - " ' ambient water, the estimated level is 1 ^^ .ensitive than tbo» tested. No

chromium, the availabe data indicate - * *•/*•« ««3Uld be Rcoyuad tnai .- u m .vailable concenung the ~ -that acute taxidry to saltwater aqua'tic 'organoleptjc data as a basis far chronic toxicity of 7DE to sensitivelife occur, at concentrations as low as establishing a water quality criteria freshwater aquatic life.10303 iii/L «nd would occur at lower h*** totatloas •"? n° ", DDEeosctntnitioBs amoung specie. ti»t art demonstrated xdrtuudup to potennal UDtmore sensitive than those tested. No '- . adverse human health eSesSs. •. The available data for DDE indicate<i*ta are available concerning the •" , Cyanide" •"" "*.' -T- ." . " ' ~" that acate taxidty to freshwater aquatiichronic toxidtr of Wralent diroauom to . • - — '• - ' ,"-' ' •'"- ? > " - 259"? at «*n«ntrations as low assensitive saltwater aquatic life. '- -%. ««A»w 9aatfcf9* • i / - -. i~- jQBO >ig/l and would occur at lower

»' I.L- -' '" "-" ^ *-"-Eorfreec^nide(«umofiyanide""-- concentrations among specie, that areHuman fi*atut - •;*'.** - - pVwec: ai HCN and CN". expreased as Ioort »«naitivt than those tested. NoTor the protecHon of human haalth " - CN) the criterion to protect freshwater u *** avaUable concerning the

from the toxic properties of Chromium " aqnatic life as derived using the • cnronie toxidty of DDE to sensith-eID ingested through water and ; '-Guidelines Js3J ftj/l«s a2*-ho«r '*' ' freshwater aquatic life.contaminated aquatic organisms, the '—•' average and the concentration should" Saltwater Aquatic Ufe• ambient water'criterion is detennined to not exceed 52. jtg/1 at «ny time. ^ _.

theprotectia>'ofhin«ii)«klth-- So/rwoZer A?»a£fciflfe...;-.r -V- . - fof'DUTv itl aeubolitesthsfrom the toxic properties of Chromium '• " Tn« available daU for free cyanide criterion to protect maltwater aquatic lif.m infested throufh contaminated . - •..." (tarn of cyanide present as HCN and ,_ _ M derived using the Guidelines is O001Caquatic orsmSsms alone, the ambient *.-. -. QT. «pr«>*d as CN) indicate that '- ' . M/i „ a 24-hour average and thewater criterion U detennined to be 3«3 -' acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic Me • , concentratioa should not exceed 0.13

' ms/L - ' ' T. -" -?• .' ' ' *-.. . -eccnrs at concentrations as low as 30 _ 'jig/latanytime,"'The ambienl w«terjtualiry criterion "'• >*j/l and would occur at lower . . "

for total Chromium VI is recommended • -eoncentrations among species that «re . .*** • 'to be identical to the exisung drinking * more sensitive than those tested. If the The evail>blAjft/|d 1ppJvater standard which is SO jtg/L — , ecutt-chronic rmtio for saltwaler . that acute toxicj;bOoSa$vfateOuialysis of the toxic tflects data . organisms is similar to thai for - life occurs at concentrations as*raulted in a calculated level which is freshwater organisms, chronic toxidty 34 fig/1 and would occur at lowerprotective of human health against the would occur at concentrations as low •* concentrations among spedes that «reiniestion of contaminated water and 2£ pg/I for the tested species and at more sensitive man those tested. Nocontaminated aquatic organismi. The ' lower concentrations among spedes data are available concerning the

v"l-j:

7533; ?,-i»-c*I XeyTsler / Vol 45. No '-"1 / Friday. November 2S. 1950 / Notices

chronic toxicity of TT~ to •ansitive through wa* _nd contaminated • go* tic SaJtvruter Aquatic Lift-saJrwster aquatic IL' ' organisms. the ambient water criterion The ev.ilsMe data '--nnr* '. . -- .- ---:-...- - : Ad-ete «d lo >* *g/l .,. . - .riieslanihyier.es mdu s *.a: ar.-i(

___t • . Fcr the protection of htsuc health toxic.ry to saJtwatt? aq-aSc Lfe.sccurThe available dau ?r -DDE indicate • from the toxic properties of . • tt concentrations as :0w ms 224.00) *c

tb»t acate toxiciry to ! siiwater aquatic dichlorobenzenes (ell isornera) ingested ^ would occur at 'owe- rlife oeecrs tl cooeecr-rions u .ow as through" contaminated aquatic organisms concentrations am; :' * species that art. 14 jtg/1 and would cecor at lower ,Ione. the ambient water criterion is - mon iensit:ve tha- those twtei. Noctmcentrs-tions among specie* that are determined to be ZA mg/l . dat, „ , vailable concerning the0- -»-—— -chronic toxidry of DC: to sensitive . fMwotir Aquatic Life *.a»ltw»ter aquatic Ufa. - - • •; ,'••-. „,,",-• . Human H 'malth. • " -•" ~" '- - ; Tae data oaaa aTailaoie for - . . _. . .

and freshwater " " ««- na«numorotec^onof hum." For the maxtonn nnrtictibn f human otvaalama la limited to ooa te«t em ' ™™ m*T* P0**110* cardnosenicbMlth &WB thepotennal caretoofenic ".. bJocooeantratloa of ZJT- f , 2* SIL.f!?01 " u »

dua to «»oann dTDDT through- diehlorabenzidine and no statement can «-«eUDro*ttyiaB» through tefes-roof cosum ted water and be mada concerning acute or chronic contaminated wat« and contasautee

cTntamiaatatl aquatic off ani.ms.th. tuiciry. . - aouaficorgafliamstj.e ambient w.jer- - - - concentrmUon- ahouid be zero baied onh.

aaaumpttM for this chemicai owever/ '. No saltwater organisms have been. cwrnca However, zero level aiy notzaroleraJ may not ba attainable at the ' tnt*d with any dicalorobenzidine and ' J* •«amafale at the present time.present time. Therefor* me Imb which oo statement cLi be mada concerning Therefore, ttw levels which may resultmay»ault«inCr«=entJmcr.«.of «mt. or chronic toxioty. ,. . S SS ^" • lifetime are estimated

corresponding criteria ara -S4 ng/L-OM For the maximum protection of humanng/L and JXJ24 ng/L respectively, If the health from the potential carcinogenic - respectively. If the above estimates a«above estimates ara mada for ' -, 7 ;. tffacts dne to exposure of . " - made for consompocn of aquancconsumption of aquatic ota-nismsordy... dacalorobenxidina through tagestion of.. : oy ^ n oaiy. excluding canyccptioraochiding consumption of water, tha ... contaminated watar add contaminated - of water., the leveis are 18.SMgAi«levels art -M ng/L -J24 ng/L and JCE4 / J0uaac bnaciama. the ambient water - *&- ind M «=sPe.< v«y7 Otherng/l respectively. Other concentratfpns-: concentraticrshould be xero base on - -: toacentrmtions representmg diffenstrepresenting different risk levels may b*. a nonrthreshold assumption for this 2*k/itvSIfltm*y 5J cmi™ted «« ofeaicalated by use of the Guidelines. The ' g . However, zero lev.1 may not - &t Cm-Wlaa* The nak esomate rangerisk estimate range is- presented for ;.' . - .tumabi. lt the present time. •; - . - • U P 9*011**1 for iafom»tion parpeMsInformation pwposea aod does not : "T T f f ^ levels which may result in ™ * Mt r*?ese=t *_.A|eRF1 ,repzesenran Agency Judgment of an - : i .S tacre... of 'cancer risk over 'l «8toH «a -.csepteble" MK tevei-acSpiabrisklevel ^ ; .- S ^ -« estimated at Iff-. IO-. , J*S**1 S££f l t •.

The available data for . ' :* .. . . -'_ ~ girft fer « *«>*«mpit«« «? •q«**|g • ' 2.4-DichIoraphenol . . ,-dichlorobenzatuu mdicata (hat acute . -.- organisms only, excluding consumption «w,fc_*,*Li M» J/- r .•/*and chronic to-dciry to fcwhwater -. - -.c- el watar tba levels an .204 «/J. JB04 .. '«««wae-r «oac-,eaquatic life occni* at concentratioos as _ pg/L and J3Q204 g/1. respectively. - ' The available dat* ior 2.4-bw aa r™ and 70S >tg/L respectively. Other cencentntiona representing -dichlorophenol indicate that acute andand would occur at lower - . '. -•'-.- dlHereTU risk levels may be calcuiated chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic"concenlzations among species that are." . byn-c of tha CaJdeUoca. The risk - Ufe occun at concentrations as lew asmore sensitive than those tested, "' '" 'estimate range is presented for " ." 2£2ftand 3S5 g/L respectively. a=c- ., _ ' , . - rf- r -fm "•' .. - " information purposes and does not ~c-ld occur at lower csncentraticssscinvoterftquaaGLjre . . .* -. _; - . "jepresent an Agency inogment on an .. among species thatare more seasisveThe available, da U" for ' ' .; : •*_," •acceptable*' risk jevd. . ' .. •" mat those tested. Mortality to eariy life

dZchlorobenxen-a indicate that acute . ' 'L-. 1---1 u-i '" "* • stages of one spedas of fish occurs attroo-Qryjoamitwateraqnaoelifeucuui' •' I»ca-oro<tnyiene< — ••-.,_ -- . concentrations as low as

"and . - ««. t vi * • • —concentrations among species that are " •' Tne available data r« . , - -Only one test has been conductedmore sensitive than those tested. No * • dichloroathylenes indicate that acute with saitwater organisms sr. 2.*-data are available concerning the . toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs dichlorophenol and no statement ca-i bechronic toxicity of dichiorobenzenes to ** concentrations as low as 11.600 >tg/l made eonetraing acute or chronicsensitive saltwater aquatic life. . r «"* would occur at lower ' _ toxicity.

•*• — - •-- . *- . *— concantrations among species that areHuman tieaith . . • ' . . . - ; more jensitive than those tested. No " numas HealthFor tha protection of human health ' definitive data are available concerning For comparisoji fS Pff M (19PC £

from the toxic properties of- • the chronic toxiciry of dichlorethylenes approaches wer An%<vUi«r: « -w '®dichlorobenzeBes (all isomen] ingested to sensitive freshwater aquatic lUe. criterion levels for £;Vdichicropaencl.

Federal Register / Vol 45. No. 231 / Friday. Nt Ser 26. 1980 / Notices

PrE-

E*»ed on available toxitiry data. Sortie the ambient wEter criterion is aquatic orgarJsrr.E the acibier.; w»ierprotection of public health. the derived determined tr be 14.1 mj 'I concentration should be zerc bases cr.leve*. u 1.09 »£ 'L U*ui available S.4-Dxa»th\'lahenoI e n on -threshold- awursptior, Icr t :j>rginoleptic data, for cone-ells? ** . P * - chemical. However, zero level nvay notjnoEiirtble taste end odor quality of Ffts'hwater Aquatic L'fe be attainable it ibe present time,ambient water. the estimated level i» &3 -j e tVailBble dat; ?or 2.4- Their/ore, the levels which mayjig/1. It should bo rmcognired that aioiethylpfaenol indicate that acuts increment*! increase of cancer nsr oveorgmoleptic data as t basis tar toxidry to freshwater tquatic lift occurs *he Uptime are estimtted at 1CT*. 1C-'establishing * water 'quality criteria _ tl concentrations as it>w as 1*™ ugA ttd 10"T' " corresponding criteria archave limitations and have no ^^ would occur at bwer - ' " W/l- ai1 MgA. and OOll pg/Ldemonstrated r»3»,tionsiiip to potential concentrations aaci s tpeciei that art respectively. If the above estimates areadverse fauman beallh eSeias. - ' ; mQre tentitive thsr. inome tejleS- No " for consuniption of aquaticV& pnpvttFW ttpnp* ' " data are avaUable concetnias the . / org«ni«nt onjy. excluding cem*u=?tioc«M-AIW wj- i~-*/ ^ r- r— . gjj nig toxlcity of dimetbylphenol to . of water, the levels are 91 g/L fi.l >tg/lFmhvtoter Aquatic ZJf* ~ - - - --. :-. — acasittvt fresbwatB- aquatic Ufa. . " «"* 0 M8/L respectivtly. Other

" " • -- concentration*

and dmdc imteitr to fr«hwatar .aquatic life occur* it concentrmtimii as tetted ^ 2.*-daaeliiylphenol and no is presented for infonnauon purposeslow as 71.rYV> and 5JtC uc/L - ctateaent can be made concerning acute and does not represent an Agencyrespectively, and wrmldocair*t lower - «nd chronic toaddty. - < lodgment on an -acceptable" risk levelconcentrations among specie that are Human Health ~ ' • : . > ' ." U-Dipfa«iyIbyd™dB«mo seiaitivetUnthwete*! . ;- . ^ j. not .v.^ for ' fl ft xcwtffclff.The available data for . a dimethylpbenol to derive a level ' f*!ean™*r ******&

dichloropropenes indicate fiiat acole . :wbjcfe would protect against the "Hie a\»ilable data for U-and chronic tosiczly to freshwater . ' p ^ Hai toxicity of this compoond- " diphenylbydrazsne indicate that acuteaquatic life occurs «,t eoscectratiens as ufing gvjm.bie organoleptie data, for * toxidty to freshwater aquatic life OCCL-low as a ieo asd 244 jig/1 respartively, controlling mderairable taste and odor «t concentrations *s low as 270 jtg/1 «cand wonld occur *t lower ' . * (p ty of ambient water, the estimated would occur at lower concentrationsconcentrations among species that are t - j ai" 400 ug/L It should be recognized «aang species that are more sensitivemore sensitive than thoca tested. _ %at organoieptic data as a basis for than those tested. No data are evaftablSalt»v'terAauaticUfr - t'/."- 'i - - '" wtaofishiiig a w»ter quality criteria , eoncemteg the chronic toxiciiy of 13.-

— -•. - -.'.£. z,-J, - have limitation* and have no - - oiphenylhyQrazine to sensitiveHie available data JoV _ " - . " demonstrated relationship to potential ' freshwater aquatic life.

dichloropropanes indicate thal'acnte -«dverse human health effects, . ' Saltwater Atruiri* Lffmand chronic toxidty to saltwater aquatic / • - - T-.- . .„ /-. -.-r ,- - SaJ&mter Aquatic Lifelileoccursmtcoiiceatrationsaslowas ti-Dinitrotoltten* ^ .- •- " . No saltwater orfanisms have been10300 and 3.0W ftg/1. respectively, and - Fr hwaterAqaaticLife -" "" - " tested with li-dipheaylhydraanc andwould occur at lower ccacentrmtioas * -ru.—. n.ki.*.*. w»*. - ^ no statement can be made concersing

acute chronic to city.r"— : - 5 rC chronic toxidty to freshwater aquatic Hunan Htvlth.A.f . "W* occurs at concentrations as low as ^ vlcropropenes tocrte that «CBU 330 and 230 uz/l respectively. «nd ' - For the mudmnm protection

itytoa twateraq tteHJroceffl.-- SSoSSlc S SBttmaoDt health from the potential eardnofenicmt jn trmtictn. as tew a « 790 «/i ^ *l e,L o~ miSS* f«ts due to expoeor. of U- ,and would occur at lower . -_ .- £juitna« tested. ^- • diphenylhydraime through ingesSon oconcentrations among spedes mat are . . . contaminated water and contaminatedmore sensitive man those tested. No ' .Soltvfater Aquatic Life ~ ; \ aquatic organisms, the ambient waterdata art available concerning the -.- .. . e «vilaole date for Z,*- • - concentration should be zero based onchroracto dtyofdichloropropeiiesto • jnitrotohjines indicate that acute — • the noD-&reshold assumption for thissensitive saltwater aquatic "f*-_ • .. - _ toxidty to saltwater aquatic life occurs " chemical. However, zero level may notHuman H»alSh -~*' > ?' -• ---"- - -" »l concentMtioas as low as 590 pg/1 and he attainable at the present time.

. ..„.*• .,-"7-*. would occor at lower concentrations. . Therefore, the levels which may resultUsisg txte present guidelines, a among spades that are more scnsitiv* rocremental iaenase of cancer risk ov<

satisfactory citcrioc cannot be derived ^ t OM itttt _ NO data are Available <he Ufetimt are estimated at 10"*; 10"*.at this Sroc doe to the Jasuffidency in cenceming the chronic tcnddry of 2.4- -andlor Thtcnnrspondiiig criteria aithe available data far djchloropropaoes, dinitretohieaes to sensitive saltwater *22 ng/i 42 ng/L end 4 ng/L . 'For the protection of human health aquatic life but a decrease in algal eeB respectively. If the above estimates an

{rom the tcxic properties of - ~ ~" numbers occurs at coo centrations as made for consumption of aquaticdichloropropenes ingested through , low as STTTftg/L - • . .. • . ergaTiitms only, exelnrfing coasuaptio:water and contaminated aquatic " ' * - • *.-,-"..*! water, the levels arearsanisos, the ambient water criterion " aasuai Health . . Mg^ and OJJ56 uglis determittrd to b« 87 pg/L ' For the maximum protection of human Other concentraFor the protection of human health health from the potential carcinofenic different risk levelrmay -be alt

from the toxic properties of - " effects due to exposure of 2.4- by use of the Guidelines. The riskdichloropropents ingested through " dinitrotoluene through ingestion of - estimate range is presented for

aquatic organisms alone.- contaminated water azxd contaminated information purposes *nd does not

TedaraJ Register J VbL"4S»'No. 231 /.Friday.Novenitagj 26, 1900 / ' .rices

_ it at Ajenr> ittdps-K.'. en an aquatic life occsrs at concer.trs.aons a> Haloetbers"acceptable" risk level . - : low u 32.000 ug/l and would occur at- Frcshwate-Aauctie Life._ . • - - . lower coesentrations among species * ¥Eaiio*uB*n - '--: \ ^ =thet are more sensitive than those The avertable data for r io<Freshwater AqvatisLifi '. " _- • tetted. No definitive data are svailable indicale that acute andci-^nic toxic:-;

r""1"' -- ' • :V-,-.Soltw Uf Azotic Uf% . . * - . .* . that art more sensitive tia those-•• -.-- « , , . _ ;. AV «. ... t*«t.fL: ^- J"W ««ul«blt data for »thytt»n*«ti« IMWO. ^

*••- ~£ » i«lie«tt th«t acat> toddty to aaltw«t«r Saltwater Aquatic IsfbFor vt*** ti»™ tb« cdieriaa to ptot*cl~ • mqumtic UI* oecow at crocintrmtion* utw.tBr««cUf.a,czrt«d«in-- tow « 4» A ««ld oc ir .1 , . -

hour mnst ttd lb» coocdtrmtton . tbmt arc mor«ifaould not «%c»td O034 wA *t «ay * 'tMted. No dauait available- concerning

.- . . • -' ttt» dinmic toxicity of tthylbenxent to Human Hnz/t/i

»mli»f»ctory criterion cannot_ lt due to tefuffid ^.from tn* tedc properti« of •odoaiHaa ^ , por th» protectlqn o£ human health th. . aiUbl* data for faaloetheningeited hrou witerand . . from th« tmcic properttei of . " * „ , .coatmmi&Ated aquatic orgaxusms. tha .-'. tthylbenzens bifntKd through water HaiomatbaoMa»bi«ntw»tercritarion.ad«t«rnun»dto md contaauoated aquatic otsanisraa. Frvshwattr Aquatic Life« 74 (*«/!- -" - ' •• . . -.. *tfaa jtntbiuit water cdtatiaa U ... - ,, , ... ,Fotth«p»tectloaofhuiB»tth«mlth--"- (Utatmintd to bt V4 ma/l " ." " T°* *v«a*°« ^ far halometh*=es

-i fritwrntw

vEedtia t ;£ ^ .= -\>r%tte«abient w*t« ' teioa U.. . . ,. -. twted. NQ d»U are «r»Uabi« concCTinsftoftiw Aq el /**- --*- .:™* 0***0- «»»f/L . • ... . - fee chrooic toricity orhalometbanet to. _- .'. ,_. .; - _%t -* " 5-\-*r*-=irAi nuonnthMA- "- - *'••-;-,; '-'---. »eniitiv« freshwater aquatic life. *For endiin ttut crttenon to orotact • ..*,*H ™"1B™* „- .— ^^-. .. . . - ,freshwater »Qttatic"Uf«wderi«dtt»ittg fnvftwotgrA roatie Lift '*- *". V So/twat«- Azotic ij/t . - .the CuideUjusfcOOTSjis/l eat **-... ; Tfc.«.flil. *.tl ft fl««««th . * - The evailable date lorfialooeianeshaurtveraaetadthecaiiantratloa ,. '. jS SLSLS feSSLtw dicata that .cut* tnd chronic tenacityahould pot exceed Olft fL|A»t»ayttBSfe. todicmte&»t aeate tDanty to freshwater twmler aquatic life occur at *"^ . • •* ~ - »«M»tic Ule ocean at conceatrauona ai ™ _S«4 iIZ™ T£J» jSo/tw&ier A(juotfc tffe ' '-- ' *"> y - taw «a 3880 n/l and would occor at concentni&ons « low .. liooo «ul

' . .wdtwater aqaauc hit « derived wot, &«t m nore eenative than those ipeciw that are more «n*iuveSo- t«ted. A decrease into . as

" shoold not exceed O037 ftf/I at any ""•' sensitive freshwater aquatic life,

tim**.-.'''•' ' r ::- ?;S £rS h tvA tt IJ ' ""^ Human Heattft = j -. r,--.-**.^ - ^ available data for ELuoranthene • ?ot tnaximum protection o! hum

Ta« ambient w«ter q«»Btr crnerion f'. mdicate that aeote and chronic toxicity health from the potential carcna«aicfbrendrSnisrecowmeodedTtebe ""* - -"toaeltwateraqoaticUfe occor el • • efiectt due to'exposure ofidentical to the casting crmkin$ water"- eoBccnttatiana as low as 40 and ;a fig/l. chloromethane. bromomethan&.standard which ial>g/L Analysis of th» laepactiveiT* and would occur at lower dichloroniethane,

• toxic effects data malted in s • _-' *- eaoceatrmtioos tmong species that are' bromodichloromethaae.calculated level which is protective of ':. more sensitive; than those tested. . • * txibraxnomethane,human hea asaoMt emgestioaof: Hunim Heo/tft " "? ---" . .'-"' : dichlorodiauoreme thane.conuminatrf watered contaTnmated-- ««pw. _ « , . - . - . - . . . - • tiichlorolluocometbane. or coebinataquatic organisms. Tas caicaiated vahw For the protection of humaa sealth of these chemicals through iagsatioais comparable to the present standard. from me toxic properties of fluaranthtne- contaminated water and contaaufttFor this reason a selective criterion * * tn ested through water and . •- aquatic organisms, the amaies: watb«Hd on expotun soLeiy from - " * contaminated aquatic organisms, the concentration should be lero basedconsumption of 6-1 gram* of aqoafic ' - .ambient water criterion is determined to the non-threshold assumption 5=r &organisms was not derived. . _' r*. be42}t«/L , . .' chemical. However, iero level say -dhvlbenzBO* '..' ~. V" " "~ -~ °* the protection of human health be attainable at the present trie.

; " , " • ~. - 7 "* from the toxic properties of flvoreuthene ThereEors,-thfc]&"«js|*hic 3a,y-Fnsftwoter Aquatic -ife ' - ingested through contaminaied aquatic incremental £.&eml«J}{ ^ | *The avmilable daii .'or ethylbenzene" " organisms alone, the aabient water . the UfetizneaVe estimated it-

indicate that acute tcxicity to freshwater criterion is determined to be 34 g/L and 10"'. The ccrresponoiti; =riterl

"Feder. .egater / VcL 45. No. 231 / Friday. November 35. 39BO /Notices 7S33

1-S p-Sfl-tLlS np/L*£i QJng (Ls'L 5o£t ier A-cas r jjjj * concerns the chrnair lexis ty &' *Ttpacnv«ly. 1? the above estimaiej are -fc. -rsilfihle oa.u"fc7 " cnxtare of women of BKC lo«oc for masapoateS »qa«s= - " - ^ ^ innate tost acute *-« '=' .qnatic liftorjawim* only. •xda&ag eonjaajttan twdc. lo ,thwatK. iqBaticiife occurs SaJtwoief Aauatie Ufeof water. Jb«levtUm» 14, «/!-»;' at cor.centr.Uow as low a. 32 jig/J and - ., \, , ',«/L and l J7 >tt/L respectively; Other ^ occur sl low concentration, Tbe available d*te for iconcentration* «pre«2 different airway specie* that are mor« aeniitive isoaen of BiiC indicate thai acnerisk levels any be calculated by uie of ^ $.OK te«ted.No d»U are available to*iet7 to »thi«iter»t;uai5c lifetbt Cuidelloef. "Eie risk estimate rmft ajncc-ung the drnmic toxidly of *l concenfrittoia •• iw « O34i» presented for bs£onn«ticm purpo«» ' fetxatiiorobotadiene lo sensitive 'J and wwdd asar at bwerand doei not repreftent an AgMicy ^ maitwiteraqiuticme " - -' coneealimtjon* aaang specie* tbaJ arejudgment on an "acceptable" E»kJ«vet . - . . - • * ' - - _ . :.fiiors lemative tnan tbose tested. NoHaoUeiilflc1 -'•"^•"" "•— - •' ™ amm. ffeeitf' ' f ' ""*;••. " ' data are eraUanie concErniof tfae•ptacmw j- .-_—••,•,--_ ^ TerfceiBaOTnnBptotodaonofnnxaaa ttoonic troooty of i mixture of isuumi

Fr&hwuter JLquatic '23/e ?' ' -., "aaalth from tbe TnSential cazonogenic of KiC to »eniitive •altwater aquaticFoe beptachW the criterion to proi«S • ecte due to e >wu«of - - We,

frrmbwater aquatic life « derired «ins .hcxacHarobuUdiene throng mgestion H ^ Health

health from the^ DBB.ftmh0ia . effect, due to exposure of alpha-HOT

'SeltYsater Aquatic Iff* ' , . -, ' - . ' ~ essumpticn for this chemical However. through infestion of contaminated wate

^ incremental increase of be xero ba.ed «i the ncn hreriioid

--- .should not exceed OflBpl/l « ««r_ . . orn poj Dg cziteht are 4.47 HgA. 0X5 ' pr«ent time. Therefore, the levels whic;^ • v.X -atjL-srs.*- -v**.r- * « . and O04S >i«/L reipeettTely. If the »ayT«anlt fa incremental increase of

* above a«tiaates azc made for -* cancer risk, "over the -lifetimes areestimated at HTMtT* and i*TT. The

. xdo gconaimtionaf water, the ' cogTKpnnriing criteria are

may be eonsnmption of aquatic orgamsna only,

'risk estimate range is p«.emed for . .levels, are 310 ng'/i SU) ng/L and 3.1i does not n«/l respectively. Other concentnnKa

on an representing different risk levels may bec*lcniat*d by «e of the Guidelines. Therisk «stimate imrae is presented for• , . , . . f ...-y. -. - ris «stimate imrae is presented or

urnnh in mcremtaltocrrase of _._T_JHe*a«aJ«ocydoh«xa« . ' ; r .- • - - afonbafc pnrposw and does not

Z ^"T S. Ar'f Sfe? - ****>»<>**'**"**:*#• - --•'--: -V,'. F 'wdsoBiimrttetearhi-a«nd'iit/t««P«are»'gfee.. -' tt ". r ****>»<>**'**"**:*#• - --•'--: .

« n ' i i t « « P « r e e . . , -'Tbr Undine the criterion to protect beal&"&«D the potenttal cartinof enicabove CTtanatM are-saae to -. fres ater-.qnatic Bfe as <Jrrr»ed wmg - effect! due to exposure of beta-HCHcon ption » ticors«tnimsoniy. . the CuideBnes is 0.080 K8/? «* M-Hour through ingestion of contamina ted wa ir«duding consumptioatrf water, OH - .average and the cancentratioo shouia - and COTtamineled aquatic orFaniiir*level! arng/lng^.and^^ ; »( exceed 2J)Mg A »t any fime... . , - the ambient w.ier concentration .bould

; ^ !««-£;- ryf.'' J:'."*. ~~ - be zero ba d en the non-thresholdtonjiar-Aowrtici r -. assumption for this chemical. However.?or saltwater aqoatic He fee - ." . xero level may not be attainable at the

-, exceed Qi6 «/l at any time. No data - : . mayrwalllnmcmnentalacMtaw of

and do«s not jtpretent an Atcasy _ -:r tre available concerning the chronic / cancer risk, over the lifetimes areJudgment on an accEptanie.BscJevei. • toadcity of lindaae to sensitive saltwater tstimated at 1CTMO"* and 10"'. TbeHaxaehlotobntafiaa* -• •/"*" ' v-- ; -J-. *qomtic fife. ..:- '.. -- , .' . ' ^ . - cozresponduis crUeria ere 163 ng/L I" , . '." T«- " "" SHC..." " "ll " • --""*""" - -- • . " ngA- «»d ras ng/L respectively. If the. . -- ««=» r - . - -^ -^

, bonstnnption of equatibexachlorobuta£ene indicate {hat aco.lt Hie available date for a mixture of rxehidmg consarnptiand chraoicvtoxidty to irtsawatcr . isomen of 3HC indicate £aat acute . levels are &47aquKticHfeeccur at concentration* a* * texicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs ng/l respectively. Other concentraaDmlow ai 90 and 94 ft£/i Kspecttvely. a&3 at cnocrotrations as low as 100 j&g/l and representing diSerent risk levels may bewould occur at lower caneaatrsfiotts would *•*"!* at lower concentrations calculated by ose of the Coideline*. Theamong species thai an mone sensitive "r iig species that are more sensitive risk estimate range is presented forthan ifau*c lasted. - , , . •. - Shan those tested. No data are available inform raoo pvposes and does so:

'

Register /_VoL_«. No. 231 / Frids; 'reaber 2S. 1933 /

repr -3t.au Agency Judgment an ac aquatic lift occurs at concestrstio&s *t irgsstea through contaminated ic-Jtu:"ac: i»bie~ nsfc ItveL _ • lew at 7.0 and 5.2 ug/l respectively. tnr_ . orjasisrss alone, the ambient wii»rPC 'JiE tr«*jgt'» prelection" of bunaa wonld occur at lower concentrations "cr..enor. is determined to be ESC- =3.'"-

haaj'. frotD the potential carcinogenic 'among species that an more sessitive - _ _ , .tfltc: dut to' exposure of iech-JiCH than those tested. _ . •threu; i ingestioa of contaminated water Salf atmr Aauatfe* LlFm " " - fns -water Aquatic Life

- u , • • • .the acDient wattr concentration should . Tne avaiiaoia oata to . . — ii -- ri_ ,._m »--_».-*on the non-ifarwfaold - bexachloroeydopenUdieM indicate that cnt";on,Itfln W,1' to P"4**c Ufe !a= « denred «o» the

ocear at lower • . . e-narane3i-. as aTOCtntrmaan.amoii8itdMth.tar. -hpvermge and the ooientraoon (a:

- «BO» a«uinvr thw

-itwater aquatic Uf«. ... ^.-- Human Hiallh " :>i- * -• - - tnt concentrations should not exceed

" ' » and «0 «/!. mpectively. at «y .

-"•- -^X " ; :"-- 3 3 t - Tcalculated by u» of tfat Cuid«an«. Tit- aTmilmok toxicilydaU. far the - - Ti* «vailabU data for totaltick tttimitt nn«t U presented tor •. - - ppg g on MbUe he th. the derived recoverable lead indicate that acute arinformation purposes and does not - g fa 2 £» y ^ aTtiltble - - cnronic toxiciry to saltwater aquatic li:represent an Agencr judgment cm an. -.. , . ,1. ^ j eoatroliing " 0=° «l concentratioas as low as 663" .Jjr 2TSl* ««. «V% w' -'nndesiraUt" taste and odor quality of «nd 23 g/L respectively, and would

«mb«ntwmter. At estimated level is UJ ocoir at iower concentrations among«/L It should be recogmad that ' speots that are more sensitive than

.- ~;;\.,KjverwiulJBmn£»mitjie2cCtl. . r ea s recommene to e idesticamical. -•-,- _. ..,- . -._....*-, . i* rs-- -*--- to the existing drinting water standarc• »>::?-,lsophb»o« ii-Trf* . v .'--V-- ", 'whichi»50>tg/L Analysis of the toxicr-f •?- ---! rj gAwotepXfloaflfeZ//* " • " •' -' afieett data resulted in t calcuiated

* "

satisIaccriteriocannot be derived ' HumnnHealth .- • 7— . ' '; ' ££ SSS^SS- li« this time due to th* i uffid in , - iK&m Of human health ' as derived using the Guidelines is 5Sathe available data ejpsiion-HQi. ,. . from'totoric properties of isophorone Mg/l as a 24-hour average and the

" '" ingested through water and : " ' concentration should aot exceed 3^ uscontaminated aquatic organisms, the at any lime.

^ criterion is determined to" " "The available deta_for_._ . • _ - - _ • be5Jmg/L .

hexachlorocyciopentadUne indicate mat For the protection of human health _ For the protection of human health•cute and chronic loxiaty to freshwater from the toxic properties of isophorone £roa u-.e toxic properties of cere— -7

: 1J

the ambient wate concentration* ;' :'-daaumstrTtedrelatiTOlip to potential ; T*« ambient water quality criteriori.should be xero based on the non-.- -?•.: .Kjverse human Eealth effects. - for lead Is recommended to be idestica

, *hn*yhqlf! tf TOffp**"** ""*"" r*t»v**fmi-. -•,;." However, zero level may not be '" ~~"- ettainablrat the present time. --•/wMwowrrtoyoKrw - -- - — —_— — — _ _ - - - - _ - . .

- Taerefore. me levels wfajch may result in --_ -* . ' - . - - - ,- level which is protective to humanincremental increase of cancer risk over ' -™ available date forUophorene health against the ingestion of

. the lifetime are estimated it KTM(T«r ..,indicate that-acute toxiaty to freshwater contaminated water and conUmicatec )and ItP* Tie corresponding; criteria are . «iuatielifeocarsat conceritretions as .quatic orginisms. The calculated valtM6 ng/l 18J ng/L and 1M ng/L .- --- w as IVJXOj l and would occur at ^ comparmfale to present 3taiidAT -J

. -respectively. If &e above estimates are -. J* concentrations among speoes Fof yj jj ft Ielective cnterioaaade tor coasKznption of aquatic 7 -"':.'. to re more sensitive U»an those -- .. b«»ed on exposure solely fromorganiamscnly.taeduding consumption .; 5**™- ™ *J" « abie concKiung . cocjaapUonoftt.3 grams of aquaticof water, the levtb are j e . ^ ^ ^ ^ cnn to orgcnisms was not toived. ^ng/lWSns/l.«spectfvely.Otfaer .-,y-« tive freshwater aquatic life. -; ..> - * . .

. coocentratlonarepresentai-differeot -\ -Saltwater Aauetic Life'* * -i-\\-\ •:• • M9nurY_ . ' • • 'Iriaklerelsmay be calculated by us* of >./j£ .raiiable -data* fc is ihoron; ^ .AwAwater XffiwteLgr* - j

'j" Indicate that acute toadcrty to salhwater For total recoverable mercuryjiielr- aqnatielifs occurs at concentratians es^ . criterion to protect freshwater aquatic

" and would HKVUT at . life as derived using the Guidelines is '~ 1the «•«*«* •nid*U«»«- • . .,-'-' » w .aiiririiH-aons among species :: (X00057 >igA " a 24-hour average aad ••'

Faderai Rerl*tsr / Vol 4S. No. 231 / Fridey. Novca' . 3. I960 / Notices 7S33:

rR

through water and . - Kvszsx Health . • _ Sshwater Aquatic Liftruled. aqu»u= oryMisias. At p^ protects of hsratr. fatal* The available data for asa hesjwater entam is determined tc j ^ Wxic p.,, 0; aakel ^ lhat ftcine loaoa.y .u ,,

V L . rv " tit tagesled through weter and . aquatictiie occurs at conccr. i =,s zFor the protection of burazu health eontssinatad aquatic orpEnisnis. the low as 4.S50 jig/1 and would occur s:

.from the loxic properties of mercury • am'-: water czitenoais determined to lower concentrations aaong s?etu«IngwUd through oontxirdsated aquatic -be 13.4 M /I. - - - . - . - . . . , that are more sensitive than thoseorstniKms alone, lbe_«fibient water . Fr4 ^ protection of human health testei No data an available concerningcriterion is aetenmn«3 TO be 145 sg/L - j ox theTtndc properties of nickel the chronic toxidty of nitrephenoi* toNoit—T I*M r&bn htf&dK &t *. ingE --cd through contaminsted aquatic sensitive saltwater aquatic liic,

eonsuinpttem of fnshwaisr. ssmaifan. and* " ersuusas alone, the ambient water . Human Hrti}*knvinc ip«eiM. • ' ;• :».> . -— - - criterion is determined to be 1DO jig/L l «umon«*a/j?., ',,, . ", "• - ..•"!-' *- ««^-v-__I- .„•-.. , .,- . „ For the protection of human healthNapbthala» /,-_ r.--_--.-. l58c-'a.Ntet*51"?* - .:' ^ - -;' v '. from the toxic properties of 2.4in

tfciff* "7 —ffi\-r"*-r^ KAw»to'' ?«ofifcZj/e ^ "- *" cresotingested throogh water and

Th. raiUUt te to naihale; - ^ r f : ^ ! ^ , fari toindicate That acolt and tiinauc tradcfty :-indic.«le thattofr«bw,ter.quaticH.ocaffat . ^3? SS SS?JJ* For theprot«tion of husun healthconcentrmtion* u low u 1300 mdO J0*-" 27-DDO M4/i «» would occor at the,tn»e nmoertiM of - 4-d2£Hroeetivelv and wonSd-oomr at -1" Sewer conceatrationi aaions «pecia* '• »«n a»-io»cw^«n«t ot voaarCTpecnvery, ana wouioroccor « .««!«„ *K.W tK«.. " c«*ol izsested through contannnated

conceatratlans nieBi sptcte . - - J ? 5 ! w .quiticanUmnSne, the^.fk«» »f« fnrw* B**t*fHv# +>i*n §w,«»- test£& no oemmive oata are aytnaotf ^ . .* . . , , , _^_that wt more Kiaibve than those . _. v the chronic toxidty of water.tritenon »4etenmned to be 765". 1 1 ... r \ •-* jutrobeasane to icaaitive &e»hwaier . , . . .. , ,.

' aquatic Ula. ' -. •- - ,, . " ?or the protection of hnmanhealia_ -,, » -» ». , iri-V ----- -. "."* r"'i_"""v.<"r * "• • - from the toxic propertiei ofTie available aati lor naphthalene . , .. £alttater Agaaticlffe -* - *•" • dinitrophenDl fcBfested through water

indicate lhat acot tcaddQr-to saltwater t.i *7fc«!- iQattt data for Bittob«acnr" «nd conUminatad aquatic org•qmtic jHe oecuri il EgraaBttattona M ^ 18 tt acute toxidty to »akwmier ** «»bient water ociterion is

ai 2 50 and wouldooiirat .:1. Stt aeS ScSSntoM w detennin to be-:.^

the cronic tondty of naphthalene to-,. containiaaftd «pianc erfaaisaatitxe «mbient-w«ter eiteriaa i» .

«rftw«ter»qakticXl£«; . - - delernrined to be lt3 tag A-- •-^-rrC' -~vt'v"^"-i, v "*~'tr'r"ni .* '•-"•- "*-' *'-"" -' -^ / Uaing &epr»«ttfuiiieune»,tU«nj me present yuSdelinaa. a^. • - - -Jfaxm BtaJth ...... . - • . . - - 5 4 . wtitlacioty criterion cmnot be derived

satisfactory oi enon cannot o* derfrea r- . j cocnpaiiaon-poiTibtelitrtwo * , * - at thii time due to the inefficiency inatthU&nednetatininsuSciencyin..., -ipproacbci weret»ed toderire- - • the araiUbU data for mononitrcphenoltht iTidUifato j«u to-a flMlrrit T / .qiiqion ievrii JofBitrobrTffJw, Based Using the present guidelines, a " •

" "* * " evmilable toxidty data, lor me . aaticiactory critarioo cannot be denv«d<*Ir !<•• - - l ouction of public health, the derived at this time doe to to iasuiEcieccy in

~ ^ ~ _ the *Tailable 4ata for th-tdtrophenol.i, for controlling "and o6or cuality of '

W*****!* *** 1*** ? &J *J *4rf ******«*•*+ a .fc»'» fcj *> > *- - . , , .11 • > ^A.

aquatic lie as d«riw£«mt the. ^ " vt ^ 9 ! *90CuidftUnes is thenumerical Talae-jfren *•:"- F€/ Jl » d tie wco tead ttat . _ Tfae a aflable data" tornrirotacaies

fc by etd76 Pn (bardaa**)] HrlJ»} *"at*.:%,2I hSrwito SiS SfuJI " tooicate »*t »eate toxirity to fctshwat~ . hour average and the concentration fto »D"SI*« *wm 9u*1«y °? P*. ._ aquatic life occurs at concentrations as^° - - - - fc-*» TI—.t*-*,*™. mnn cave JiO • » • . _.. « j . j

Satia dD to nate&tial"" • ^ ** 5.8SO >tg/i and would occur atreiauonsoip to potenuai tower conctntraticn* among speciesthat are more sensitive &as thoseJ.

— hardriMtrt of 5C. ICC. xnd SO msA «• y ':,NitzDpb«aolf V'- "-' •;• • -— "i - • - " .- *" d. No data are avaBsble concersir- CaCQrtb* crtlaia art 56, 96. and 180 > " • . ., *• • '• - \ _: " . -.\. ,; - ^ . "' the chronic toxicity of aitrosaaaies to

^ v ... -.'. > aencUive freahwmter aquatic He.aiid thcc cc3trition«s»ouldDOt-V-"r.*-'\'Th«avaaable daUfenilro f

and 3.100 pt/l r-":--smdicat*i.tbat*cute toxidty to freshwater*

.respectively, at any tare, K>~ ".. ; ;/v .--- aquatic life oecnn at eoBcetAratioos as * * The available data lor aitrasaaines'"Srt/rw tmrA tScLtfe" '•-- -*• '- *" " low a* 330 fig/land would occur al indicate that acute toxidty to saltwsteSc/rwcterA oouciJTe - .. ^ - . • • jower eoacentrations •• "g species • aqua tic liie oceun at concentrations a:For*totafrecove»ble nickel the "t :•". thai JUT more seatitiTe man Uiose . *.* , low a* 3 JOOJXJO

eriitnou to piatsct saltwaief aquatic life tested. So data are avauabk csncemiag .lower cm}Ccntraas derived BII&S the Gnidtuairs Is 7 the chronic tnxiciiy of nitrophenols to that ire more »KiiiG« thanM A u * 24 banr ave te «pd The != " .- - :» sensio v* freshwater aquatic Hie but . tested No data are available concern).concentration .should not cxeead 140 jig/ ^ tnxicity to-one sptrdes of aijae occurs at the chronic tcnririry of nitrocsKines to1 at-anr time. - - . * -'' *. • concentrations as low as 250 ftg/L sensitive saltwater aquatic life.

" " * ~ • • •

'

73338 F«d»ral R»gUt»r / VoL 4S. No. 231 / Friday. November K. 1980 / tieea

burner /f«s/t* - •-.-•- - - M ng/j a.* ng/1 and .064 nj/l ' "- J -uchloropbeno!' ' *"P«f«!y. I f t h t .bov. tsfeutn w *..;>.„*.. AfeetieLifi,

However.y not be attainable at the '. and does not represent an Agency

ten*. Therefore. the levaU which judgment on in -acceptable" rUk level Sa/ ntgrAtfuattc Life - -molt in incremental Increase of __ ~ . for the "*-•*<"•"•*• protection of human " Hit available data for ' • ,

..- risk, over me,lifetime» an " • "*• fenfth from the potential carcinogenic pcntachloropbenpl Indicate that acute .estimated at 10*". HT*. and 10". Th* .- - «ff«ct» doe to «xpo«ur« In n- • - - aad chronic toxidry to saltwater aquaticearr«*pondins-aiterU an 14 ng/L 1 :'- nittosodiphenylinune through ingestion life occur at concentrations *• low «a S3xtgA- t"rf < °tA ivspectiTelT. H Jhe . • ^ eontaminated-wmter and ' and 34 pg/l respvctlveiy. and wouldabove estimates are made for •• .._ contaminated tqumtic organiama. the ocmr tt lower concentrations amongooonniptionofaojutic.organiaaaonly. " .mbiauj water concentration jfaould be epecin that are mon sensitive than *

r, the • baaed on the non-threahold • thoac tested.^ - . .are 1BOJJOO ng/1 1WOO nf/L and -assumption far this chemical However. Human Health'

j . , - •• $™. W.»y•»• UVM. twi MUUhJkMUg

-. ___.-. ,- ^ maoeior _ nnde«iraol» taste and odor quality ofcoasumpncm of aquatic organisms only. ambient water, the estimated level ia 30

___ __m__w_ _ __ errinrfiTig consumption of water, the g/j. jt ,hould be recognized that__ water and coniaminated.. :.te I»««l« OOng/l 18.100 ng/L«nd - organoleptfc data as a basis for " "

,n__ _0anisms, me ambient water •&• 1310 ng/i. respectively. Other establishing a weter quality criterionconcentration shoulorbe zero based oa :* *:'; conceaitratians representing different have limitations and have nothe non-threshold assumption for this .:'. ~ tiajc leveis may be calculated by use of. demonstrated relationship to potentialchemical. Howeve. zero level may not • Af Culdelines. The riak estimate range adverse human health effects. 'be attainable at the present time. .<-Ii presented for information purposes Phenol "Therefor*, the levels which may result In and does not represent an Agency _ ~. ' . . . . . .incremental Increase of nrmrr risk, over judgment on aa "acceptable" dsk level Freshwater Aquatic Lifethe lifetimes are estimated at 10**, 10"-'."-. ; For the maximum protection of human The available data for phenol indicateand 10". Thst corresponding criteria are 'health from the potential carcinogenic that acute-and chmnic loxicity to8 BjA OJ ng/l and aoang/L .. i—-, efiecti due to exposure inn-* ' - ': - freshwater aquatic life occur atrespectively. If me above-estimates are.v trosopywoUdine through Ingettion of , . 'concentrations as low as 1O200 and " "ma 3* for consumation of aqoatic - contaminated water and contaminated " 2J80 »g/L respectively, and wouldorgajusms only, rrrtnnmt consumption acuatic erfanismcv the ambient water ." occur at tower concenttations amongof water, the levels are 12.4001 ag/L 1 40 _. concentration should be zero based on- • species that are more sensitive thanng/1 and 024 ««/*• MO*** Othf ,'v "me non-threshold aaaomption far this - tfaowtested. . . . -concentrations representingdifferent:_ - - g n t, However, zero level may notriak levels.may be calculated by use cf_ ^ 4ttlte||M. lt i ^ -Gui to« Thtnak« «ei«ge <:.TherefOPfcthtitTeij>whichmay result in A . . . . .^

.is presented for information purposes ^ ^ ^ 1 nicnue of cancer risk, over ft*1 *cttte to****and docs- not represent an Agency - j j- •- !lf(trimei M Mnmated at «T». HT«. " occa" «* «ncentrations

and would occur at lower' T_n i « r j T v r . n . • eonc«sn»tons among ipecin that in--1 ' 1M n/1 110 B/1 tod 14» «/!. .,-- mor. «raiave th«n tho.t i«»i No

.the aoa-threshold tssumption for this - -- Other concentrations representing. . - _ For comparison purposes, twochemical. However, lew brel may »r different risk «j»=ay be calculated •ppreuan wen used (fft Rbe aKamable at at present Tim* • by uae of the Ciudellnes Tbe nak cntenon levels for phenWS&felTherefore the leveis which 'may "result ia' estimate range is presented for " • _ ivailahle toxicity dau."fo7 tfie "increoental incresse of rv~* risk, over information purpo«s and does not -" protection of public health, the derivedthe '"ear** are estimated at ItT*. 10"*. Kpreseai an Agency Judgment on an level is 3J mj/L Uusg avaUable

C"1 Thi correspcndisg criteria are . "acceptable" nsk level. " ' ' org»noiepQc data, for controlling

. AJ t. iaa. .tea**- A.- ^ * .. .——grr

I - - • - -! 79340 •" Federal rReti3ter/.Vol. 45. No. .231 / Frida> .vember 28. 1980 / Notices

those tested. No daU an available consumption of &J grams of aqustii aquatic life occurs at concentration? «aenorniins the chronic tososiiy of - organisms was not derived. low as 2.130 pg/l and would occur s:inorsaJiie seiesnte to sennrm _ • . 7.tt»enioro€tnylen« " lower concentrations among spetr.eafreshwater aquatic life. - * that are more sensitive than those

t . ' . r w-, - - freshwater Aquatic Life • • - . _Jwted No data are avaiUbieur Aquatic U/* ._ s~ "-•.•nwOT1a,bl« diufar . - _th« chronic tondty of thalHum to

ltBraelife-Human Healthaquatic life occur at concentrst.aru u

\ lowas&5BOandMOpg/l.re±p ctivejy."- "" and would occur at lower • •" . . t .,. , - .- - ._--.j- •_ _ _ . .. . - . uiBested tnrouah water and - (, « «*-.tf« tfc. OBncantrabon* among spedn tfcfit are : "Hi"1"? u™»aa *•**««»" ...i concerning tne . «*aaittve; ttiautnoae tested • '* contanunatedaquatic orgamams. the

tinddtyof faiorgenic telenmte to- • OT«-' V," . - . - ,.• • ', . • ambient water criterion Is determined to ' £J' _ * »• _ Tf«r_ * -»^ . _•'* —-*rf* i-_ ..-_ • • ' _ «_f_ * *••_ * ^^ •-* ' • ^_ **

data for *" ' '" " For the pretectioa of human h«aitfatottKhlotoethylene indicate ths: acate from U» towc properties of thalliius^ ^^ ^ ^ $iltwmto dc Ingested through coatmminated aquaticH£t occar at concentration, low a. OT8«a«m. ajeiM. tbe ambient water

and , "tenon U detennined to be 48 «/LToluene- ." -

emtaminatKi water and contaminated ' \8umaa Health *"'.""** ' *; Pe evailable data for toluenevalue ' " ,,.' indicate that acnte toxiary to freshwater

For the maximum protection of human aquatic life occurs at concentrations as" low aa 17,500 ua/1 and would ocmr at. tBased on expoaare solely from. -. . -.; -- -Sffl L.1/? * i • ^ / lower conceotr«tion» amonj species '.- tcbJoroeAyi«n. tnmigh ingestion of . that are more sensitive than thc»t

' tested. No data are available concerning i-J-... _ the ambient water ' the chronic tnxicity of toluene to

• concentration. thould.b«zero based on • senaittve freshwater aquatic life. •. :• • *-•]. tae noa-threshold assumption for this _ . , • ±* ^ \-riaaaical.Hotwvet.iaro level jnay not ' Saltwater Aquatic Ufe - * -.•• J

• For freshwater aqrattie Efe fte--j.-.-;! be attainable at the present time, • , . The evaUafale data for toluene ' ;-• conceatratioajte ? E/I) of tot»l ^ _. • •, • .\Thereibce, the teveU which may result In indicate ifaat acute and chronic tcociciry

-- recoverable sttver shoma BOtaxea«o the/ jacremeittal Increase of cancer risk over to saltwater aquatic life occur alnamericalvalii.jpVen -eil ln , ,:v th. Hfetime are estimafed at 10-*10-*. concentrmtiona as low as 6.300 and iDCO L

r (hardaef»}-a.S2]r « *=7 jw»- m wV*" * lir"T-I e coneaponding criteria are Ug/L respectively, and would occur at• *K*i?pl"l*l£*rTie**w JrJ r ", - s *"*A- •* f1*/ ""i * M8/L respectively, lower concentrations among species - ,! mg/l u CaCCV fee concentration «.. u^. , U the above estimates are made for that are more sensitive than those - Itotal recoverable sflvar ifcouli act - r'eonsamption of aquatic organisms only, tested, * . • . . - . _J*K=e*d ^ " ? rK1**Ji*5ve '" - excluding consumption of water, the - ,. « ,.«--*:'at any tim«.T5ia availabie data iadicats . ^ gg Mgyi[ 4.55 Mg d JB ~ Htaaaa Health -' -

. - that chronic badeity to freshwater -';-*:.-.'?g/L,respecttveiy. Other concentrations For the protection of human healthaoTiattc life may occnr.at nanceBtraOSn*_ >* irm* «nt diSerent risk levels may be from the toxic properties of toluene •

. as low as 032 jif/L • - --V J.%• calcnlaled by as« of the Guidelines. The • Ingested through water and.Saltwater Aquatic Lif* ": "; ;* v f?---tisk estimate range is presented for--:; cootagiinated aquatic orgnnisma. the

*'' ' '' *y' g* ja. mfoimation purpoaes and does -apt - -"• ambient water criterion is determined to

=& mdlcate mat aon and cfironic toxicity ; . Toxaphene "— T - 'r- Tlie ambient -water quaUty oitcrioa > ,"-to freshwater aquatic fife 'occur at . / ; ' — , — - — - -.**. -y - . --' r-for silver is recommended to be 7 -^-->. concentrations as low as 1.400 and « - ff&tiwater Aqaatic Ufmidentical to the* rritring driakins water '" ug/L respectively, and would occur al * For toxaphene the criterion to pretec:standard which is 50 ttj/L. Anaiysis o£ - lower concentrations among species ' freshwater aquatic life as derived usingthe toxic effects dan resulted m a - ~r . that are more sensitive-man those the Guidelines is 0.013 ug/1 as a 24-hourcalculated level which ii prettctiTs- of - " tested. Tcodciff to one species of fish 1 average'ind the concentrtitiq* l|qwd| o C O'human health zgatnat the ingestien of • , eccars at concentrations as low as 20 - not exceed U >tg/l at inyftfiijj U | fi O Ocontamin»t*d watss- and contaminated.: j /1 after 2 00 hoon of exposure. - C-|N-- ,„ -„„,.> rtr. -- * -aquaucors usmt. The calculated vaiue '^ .--^ f- — - - " ~ Sotewx Aflwfte Ii/tb comparable to the p««aisttnd«ri-'. 5o «aar cnotic Li/e A . , . _ .; Forwitwater iquatic life theFor this rrascn a velectrve csterion.. . The available data for thallium concentration of taxaphene should notbased on exposure solely from •-• . -•--•- indicate dial acute toxicxry to saltwater exceed 0.070 pg/I at any nme. No data

r Federal" Register / VoL 45. No.'231 /Friday. November ZE. 1S&D / N" -'ce*

are tvailaL... concerning the chronic the noD-thrwfaold «»sumptian for this exceed the nu..,-/7e*) ***};•- gives bytexicry of toxBFhenr tc »tr.i:r_vi chemical However, sero ievel'iaiy not e(»oiu n- -ii - VH. al L n=:s, Fcr•altwater aquatic Uit- • " be attainable at the present tae. example. it hardnesses c - 1DC *a£zj. „,. u )»i - " ----Tihierfcor tiM levels wcici may result ie 200 ir.g/1 as CaCOi the ct: -r.triSST. :rsuxizz »KH ..._.. inc-eniestai increaae of cancer rux over total recoverable zinc sho. ; EC: exesFor tie maximum protec-cri of human the lifetime are estis ted at 10"*. ID"', isc. 3JC. and 570 jig/1 at ej • test.

health from the pmenaej ca-= iogenic *ad IET'. The corresponding criteria art _' _ f. . .,effecu due to exposure of -.cxsphene • 27 «/L ZJ M/L and .27 Mg/L ' Saltwater Agaatic Zjfethrough ingestion el contaminated water respectivery. If the above estimate* are For totaJ recoverable zinc the critenand contazniaated aquatic 3*?e&isms. ' made for consumption of aquatic to protect saltwater aquatic life asthe ambient water concert-econ aoouid organisms only. Excluding consumption derived using the Guidelines a 56 fig/1be xero based on the ncn •'. .resfaold of water, the levels are 807 u.g/1. >&.? « * 24-hour average and L- rawumpUon for this chrmif.il. However, - Ji.g/1 and W jig/L respectively. Other concentration should not exceed 170 fzero level may not -be attainable at the * concentration* representing different • 1 at any time.pr«lent time. Tflerafore, the. levels which tiak levels may be calculated by we of Vtmftm BJ—M.may molt in incremental increase of ' the Goidelxaea. The nat Mtimatr range Human A«t/£ftcancer riak over the lifetime are ' U presentad for information purposes . Sufficient data is not evailable forestimated at 10"*. 10"',. ace' ICT'.The and does not reprwcnt an Agency ' zinc to derive a level which wouic, ,,- ,.jw... tWg criteria «re 7 ngA. 1 - ' judgment on an "acceptable" risk level protect Against the potential toidcty cn*/laad.07ng/Lre*D*ctrpdy.Ifthe •- viirrt Qdoride " - «*« compo d. Uaing availableabove estimates are made for . - ' . organoleptic data, for controllingconsumption of aquatic orgesism* only. - Fi**hwatcr Aquatic Life tandesirablt taste and odor qcaiiry of«xdodms«rwomption of water, the - '.No freshwater ersaidsms have been •ffibieBt water, the estimated levelis iIevel>are«ng/l,J3iig/LandIiras/L tested with vinyl chloride amd so " mg/L It should be recognized thatrespectively. Other concentrations statement can be made cencemiag acute or8anolepUc data as a basis forrepresenting different risk levels may be or caronie tesddty. -- - -" «taW»fcng« water quality criteriacalculated by use of the Guidelines. The - , - - * * * » - * " - ' * '- ' »»ve limitationji and have notriak estimate ranje is presented for -;' SaJtwotsrAgoattcLif* • - demonstrated relationship to potentia.information purposes and does sot . :" *No sihwmtet orgamsms have been • »dver»e human baalth effecu.represent »a Agency judgment oa « .tasted with vinyichiorid.- and no .. Appenfix B— GtddaBttes for Derivin--acceptable- risk IsnreL; . _ _ _V .. .;. stalest can b« made concerning acate \VatarQnalltyCriteriafortheProlecti

' " crchnmictexieity. ._ -,' . ..... ^ ,. ef AipiaticLile and Its Uses

--''- v :" -*":— I introduction -The available data fbrVr. V -> ^ \** 1!!'!'? P? 0? of hnmag " Tliif version of &e GmdeHnes

trichleroethylene indicate feat «cate:--- be«a from the potentiaj caranog-enic provides cUrificmtiona. additiona] - 'Sc wftex»o«ticKfeoc«ir»- S SSSS£S Si d« «d technical and eoltori«t concentrations as knJ as 4SW«n • ' S?SiS5SS S ? Ganges In the last version pnblishedand would oecar at lower .- . •. ™ "J?*™* •qimticotjamsms, the Fwdaral Repstsx [44 FR 15970 [Mac o among edes- that are ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1978)]. TO, version incorporatesmore sensitive than those tested. No : « »«»o^ » therwa-tfarcsfaold .. changes »anltmg from comments on

the - * - •""5*? 9 te .£f% £mi*Ft previous versions and from experiencto .sensitive frttshw«ier aquatic life but . .P«en e. ereore w evs wjcn previou, versions, Foture veraiora of

- »«yjwulttalBTOi«ntmliBCr««af Guideline. wiB incorporate new ide«- .demonstrated.

. . .- .-corresponduag taiterim art 20 jtg/L to -. Criteria may be expressed fa sevenSoJtvoter Aquatic Life ^ ^ :s- - •-- - : |*g/l tnd fic/L respectively. If the fo,. 7 Bumerical form is common

r The available data far " - -' ': . 'r : -"-***"* wtimales «re made far .. me± but descriptive and proceduraltrichloroethylene todScate that acute' . consompnon of aqusitic wgawsawonry. iorm$ can be nsetj $ mroerical crlteri.

1 • ' to«city toiltwtter aquatic lifeoccm •--- «dudmg omramption of w»tex, toe - - « Mtpo.sible or desirable. Theat Wentrrtoas at fcST« rDOO ug/1 ' ;-*• S1!!8 J*i.P MK/L «nd f" • purpose of theme Guidelines is to

' «nd would occorat lower ' -;-. "- describe an objective, internally

data are av«Uable concerning ftt-. r- V j!J22KSS2-f ' •' fcf e P™* 08 *»flhc «« ot •» w<dironic toxidry of Irichlometbylene to J-. !S22 H i5i2?i?L" " *• P ence of. aquatic orteasas

- A TOm«ical criterion might be --_ thought of as an estimate of the highe

_ . " concentration of a substance in waterForthems3c»nmprbteetionafhumaif .r "• "* * "^ " *_.V - ' - — ' " - which does not present t sign-Beaut r

health from the potential carcinogenic freitiwoter Aqoatas -JJJ9 . - . - to the aquatic organisms in the watereffects due to exposure of - - - • . ~ For total recoverable zinc the criterion and their uses. Thu*vtbctricaioroethylene through ingesb'oc of • to protect freshwater aquatic life as intended to derive- fcmdcontaminated water and coctammated derived using the Guideline* is 4? pgA protect aquatic communities byaquatic organisms, the ambient water " «s * 24-hour average «nd the '' protecting most of the species .and theconccntraUon should be xero based on * concentration (In wfl] ahouid not uses most of the time, but cot

nadftjnrable last? and odor tjimBry of ^ .ajninated atruatic orpsniczis alaoe. represent ac Agsncv judder:! or •=arables: wxtcr. ibe esc=iiei ie -sl isOJ .• e ambient water crjupsca u "acceptable" nsk levelme'L to fcsould be recocurei ts*l siersuned lo be 1&4 mc/1. - , , . ....^^" . . , T" , , Polvcucisar Azporaitic Hvcrocirsr~ *orjtnoJepac oxts ai * n*t:i ser For the protection of nirntr. health n> /H»Xe*i*bhthmg a waier qnahry ernerara _ :-orr the toxic properties of cv~- . „have bcmaaoxLs and have ac - t '.hylhexyl-pnlhaJate ingested tarougb Fresfiwater Aquatic Lffcdemonstrated raiaoontiup to potesnaJ • v*ifcr-and contaminated aquatic The limited {resbwater date biseadvent horn in health efiecfc- . - * . crgaaistas, tbe ambient water criterion available for porytiudesr «roats=Phthalala Euars , -"..."" i» determined to be IS ag/i hydrocarbons, roosdy from sbon-te

' ' . ' ' " ~ " * ?or the protection of bumac heaUth bioconcentratioo tmdies witt twcFrmshmttr Aquatic L$e _" ',-," 2. '_• . £—^ the toxic properties of di-7- compounds, does not permit aThe available dxlt forp&hzlali .' -7' t -JryIhexyl-phthalate ingested through • concerning acute or cfcronic ttnccty.

esters indicate iat acute and chroalc "" " contaminated atraatic orfaaisms alone,, SaltwaterAaueticLifetoxSdty to freibwater aquatic He PC&UT ' tbe ambient water critanon is • " ^ *at concentratiDns «i low at WO rod 3 . determiMd to be SO mg/l. ' . T^e available drt* for polfnaclear

.r«|>ecav«ly.tna would occor at \ veM»MtM! HiBl-BVu - •''' !! !?!«" *?*«**«?,.that are more wniiGve fian fco»e "' ' Fresbwoter AtfttaGc Ufe • "" ' ^ ^ $• concentrations *s low as 3X

'' nR/1 aao would occur at lowerconcentr»lion» jjnong «pecies that are

Saltwatgr-Aqootfc l~;fe ;. .. - o-tterion to protect fresbwater aquatic more aenaitive Than those teiied. Kolia available data for phthaltte " ' ' life «• «kri»«d Mi the Guiddinet is gala are available coaceraing the

•cterv indicate that acotetesidrj to k ' W»* MI/I «» » ZMwnr »v«M|t*3fct . chronic tDJddrjr cf polynuclear aromttwdtwater «m»tic Hfe scenr* «1 - , " «T*il»ble o*14 indicate that acute hydrocarboaj lo aensitive aaliwalerc0ownbtfian»ua9wuJM4fifA«Bd todcity to freahwater aquatic Hfe - aquatic Ht .ratid occur at bwcr oaDceoirttJaa .. pro b cmg' °cy Bt ,' . . ,«mra|*p«da.tia2«mcre«Bsi0v? . •«»»*» «bovtifl «^«d thaithan Slow tactad. No data «re anibblft ** 24-hour average ahouid pnvtde.conoeniinfi the cBrooic toxScity of .- "dft Mte pre*«*icjn aesiai acate - health irom the potential carcinogenic

of?AHi. _" :" " *•• f" of omtimmated water and

. , - .-• ••' -- «mta®inat«d aqoatic organiimi. tbe4 vx/t "- '••' •- --,..— -:FoTT>o3ycblorio»ta<ilaphenTl»tne ambient water enneea&mtion should b-. •"" * .V--" "'*'--**'-"*1:"., csttBricBlopra*aet»aitwaier-toaa-fielUe zero baaed on the ucn-thirsboldianoDHacftS , jr f.V.r;"-." •" as derived wins the Gmdedtaei is OD30 ' «Mumptton forlfais chepicaL HowFor -the piotteSon sf btsnafi ae»hh ."•" ' ' «fl ** « 24-bonr jtrenge. Tbe available «ero level may not be attainable «

froa the KgdcpitipeJtiet gf fey±yi-' - '. data. indicaSa thai *eotetEodcirTto . pres«ot time. Therefore, the levelsphlhalaie ins«ted thno i. water aad " aaftwatrrKroaficlife prabmbrf wSD only • may mroh to iacreioeittal increate ofconuminatflcL aqaatic ors«ni«na. the " ocnur at umtumiiatiqia above 10 pgA ctncerTiaV crer ti*e Hfetime areatnbteal water criterion it dztenniaod ID ' «nd 1bsllb«2*-kour*ve5ate tbould - «timat«d itlO lIT*. andlO-'.Tbebe'SlSsg/L '• "--T-. -• .-. £-*.•;. provide adeqnate pratectioa ageinst corre»pondin| criteria are SSngflr^For tiw prottctjon of homan heafeh • " acale toDd .O-<.v. • - - . * • " . as/1- *»* -2s / TWpecavely. If the

&omthetoiicprepertie»ofdiaethyl. ^ ——1 '-''-'' ' ' " '" "bove «lini.t«« are made forpathaiate oije»t«f throogii - - .- '.f"™0 J? ? *> > :,- .'*::"* * - - conromption ofatraatie organisms onl;conluninated aquatic ocj«aiais alone. Porthe DBts&nm ptbleefion'of human fxdudSng canaumption of K- thetbe arabterf water criterioa a - •••=• • *- beikli frwo Ae:patcn;lial caisanogenic »»«• arm 311 ng/1. 31-1 ngfl «R=determined ta be t»i/L- " " .v-- : -aCectf doe to ecponzre tf"PCB» tfarou a " "•/*• t«pective!y. Other

rr-[if;

For the protectica of ioman Health- '-. mgesfion rfcontaanmated water.and " i«P«««ting difTerent risk levels sicy \•from the taxte praperties rf JethyJ-. "" -" 'Tcontaininated sqnatSc crfanisms. tbe calculated by axe of the Gisdelines. pphthalale ingeited throosliwattr and" *?•.,. azabiect water ceracentrmtion ihomd be nsk*stimats range is presented foreontm Binated aquatic orytnirsaa, tbe -.v . -aero baaed on the noo-threinold -. •_ information purposes and does net' ambient water •orrierioa'k determined to :'l minimptiop for tiu§ chemical However, ?p™5en* f13 Ag y fr*&as°;'i OR aabc3Umt/L ' •'• '• ' -" -<7">":»- ""-" r wro level may not be attainable at the \ acceptable" risk level.Far be-pHrtecfioBeraomaflWalfh * > 'present time. Therefore, the iweh which' S«Jaoiam * •

from-ti»tex5cpropers** of dietkyi-"; •"*, mayresiillin mcrementaliiicraaae .phtfaalate ingtstad thrcmft . s . caja»rriak over the lifetime -are . . ftwftwater Aquatic Lifecontaminated aquatic crsiniKns"alcne, . estimatadat VTMtT*. aadlO*'.Tbe '" for total recoverable inorganicthe ambient water ertUriocTa *-; ' -- cflrreapondbtg citeria ar«. fitigA.OJ8 aelemte the criierion to protectdetermined to- c Ulj/L J * /'„ ''-. ~? V&C/ udxaTS acAiespttctively.ff the freacwater aojnatic life as derived txaic.For tha prbtectios of iaman ba*ith 'v- • above estimates are made lor tbe Guidelines is 15 pg/1 as a 24»ho&r

tram the toxic properties of difaatyi- * consumption of aquatic orgtnisms,o&ly. average and the concentration should.phthalate ingested through water and exctadi&g crmtnrnption of water, the not exceed 260 pgA at any *« .contaminated aqoac Dcgaiiitms.&£ . levels are 9 agfL JPB i 71> «nd J078 . Tie available data for inorgacicambient water criierica is determined to &g/L respectively. Other concentrations acae&ate indiotebe 34 mg/L ,' * • .. ' . reprwenting different risk levels may be feesiwater aquatFor the prolec&oa of iumaa bealtii • calculated by a*e of the Coklelines. The cooceno-atjani as low as 760 _ __

• from tbe toxic properties of dibotyi- • risk estimate .range, i* presented {or would oceaf at Iffwtr concentrauansphthalate intesttd. trough - . .... reformation purposes and docs art among species that are more

fSUMMARY

SKARI.S

1. looking at sensitive population. \ • • :• _._-. - ..... ... - -:--• ... - ,(

2. U»ing a child weighing 16 kg. who drinka on* liter of water .. per day. • _

3. Considering only toxic effect!, ft———— ___ A. - -- -..-- :- -- -,, .-±.-.-z=r- - _

". - Length of

r; _ 1 day •?' days ID days 1 month • life-time

trichloroethylene ... - 2 »g/l . ,' 200 ug/1 75 ug/1r- . ' -. . . . _ . - - ...../ . -.r.r ,.>..,._. .:'-_-_', .—————--

tetrachloroethylene . .,2.3 ng/1 • > .,- 180 ug/1 ' 40 ttg/1

1 , 1 , 4-trichloroethane • '"."-. . -/''. '. '* .'-.'[ ''-"• _ „ • " . ."/I

benrene . . ' '"." : , 350 ug/1

polynuclear aromatic 25 ug/1hydrocarbons

Cancer Rlska ' . *":- -

A«sumptionsi .»

1. There is some risk at any level of exposure, and the risk increasesas lifetime exposure increases.... . ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . _. ^

2* Using 70 kg. adult living 70 years who drinks two liters of waterp e r day. - . . , , .

Coraoound Excess Risk

P»g"i« 10-* • One in ID-5 Two' In' 10-5 Six in- 1C-6

triehloroethylene • 4T'S'~u"g/l 45 ug/1 75 ug/1

L tetrachloroethylene 3.5 ug/1 35 ug/1 20 ug/1

2-I

£not}to be released)

1 Looking "at sensitive population. . > [iJ

2. Using a child weighing 10 kg. who drinks one liter of waterper day. , ' " ' • _ • _ . _... . . _ _ . . .__ _

3. Considering only toxic effect*. » • .

Compound • ' . Length of Exposure

T day 7 days ' ID flays ' 1" month life-time "j—— < —:—— Ji/»ethylcn* chloride 13 mg/1 ' 1.3-1.5 mg/1 .. 150 ug/1 £"

tetrachloride , 200 ug/1 v .. . : 20 ug/1" : . ..* - " . " ' " * • . _/— — .

toluene . . '.- /;' • -.- '. .: -. "=:-'"". "' ;:J*{l ag/1

methyl ethyl Jcetone' • "'• . " ' ' . -^^ ~I 1 mg/1

\ acrylonitrile 35 ug/1 3 ug/1i

1 polychlorinated biphenyls ., 1 ug/1 • 0.3 ug/1 J

""" dibroeaochloropropane ; ' O.OS ug/1 " ir • " • . ' . • • - J .1 1,4-dioxane . - . . . • ...:_•.' . • _._ ?0 ug/1

"'•-..-- - -_——-^ " "- : • \~-i acylenes - "• 12 mg/1 • ..'.- V-_._ T 1.4 mg/1 620 ug/1I . .-.••::.'.r" —r . ..... ":

chlordane * 63 ug/1 " 63 ug/1 ' 8 ug/1

I 1/1 Dichloroethylene • 1.0 mg/1 • 70 ug/1

Trans-1,2 Dichloroethylene 2.7 mg/1 0.27 mg/1

* Cia-1,2 Dichloroethylene 4.0 mg/1 0.40 mg/1

J Ethyleue Glycol 1S mg/1 . ": .5.5 mg/1 J

6R301 n.

SNARL For Trichloroethylene[ Health Effects Branch, Criteria and Standards Division' Office of Drinking Water

U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyf Washington, D.C. 20460

The Office of Drinking Water has reviewed the current literatureon the health effects of trichloroethylene* Both data fromanimal tests and some studies from high level exposure inhumans were used as basis for extrapolating to levels indrinking water that would result in negligible risks to thegeneral human population. When considering toxicity thatdoes not include the risk of cancer, we generally use achild weighing 10 kg (22 pounds) and drinking one liter ofwater per day as the basis for calculations of short exposure

p (acute) toxicity and longer exposure (chronic) toxicity.These levels are derived using safety factors from classicaltoxicology and a logic similar to that used by the National

r Academy of Sciences in "Drinking Water and Health." Whenconsidering the possible cancer risk, where it is assumedthat there is some risk at any level of exposure, and thatthe risk increases as the lifetime exposure increases, we

- use the 70 kg (154 pounds) adult living 70 years who drinkstwo liters of water *s the base, and calculate the excesscancer risk above the normal background according to amathematical model developed by the National Academy ofSciences in "Drinking Water and Health," and based on animaltests conducted by the National Cancer Institute.

The drinking water levels that we have calculated providinga margin of safety from likely toxic effects in humans(assuming that 1002 of the exposure is from drinking water)were related to the length of time that water is beingconsumed, and range from short-term emergency levels tolong-term chronic exposure. We have separately computed thepotential additional cancer risk.

J 268

1I11111

The computed drinking water guidance levels for effectsexcluding cancer ricks are as follows:

Time Concentration ..['J

I day 2 »g/l10 days 0.2 eg/1 (200 ug/l) IChronic (long-term) 75 ug/1 J

The computed excess lifetime cancer risks from the NAS model ;', 'at various exposures assuming the 70 kg adult drinking two —liters of water per day for 70 years at the indicated concen-tration are as follows: •; :

Concentration Excess Risk

4.5 ug/1 one in 1,000,00045 ug/1 one in 100,00075 ug/l approximately two in 100,000

The development of a SNARL for trichloroethylene does notcondone its presence in drinking water, but rather providesuseful information to guide control priorities in caseswhere it is found as a contaminant. Human exposure tocontaminants in drinking water such as trichloroethyleneshould be reduced to the extent feasible, to avoid theunnecessary risks from their presence as adulterants. Theapplicable treatment technologies include aeration andgranular activated carbon.

&B38I2S9— — *---*- - -J5 fcT

46904 FadCTl Regiito.- • VSl 50. No. 219 / Wednesday.'November 13. 1985 / Proposed Rule*

TAau- I.-FSML RMCU ec* TMe VOCs • R*w water VOC removal of 90 to 99 This monitoring frequency will detect—•— percent (and flO-WJT* for vinyl chloride) violations of the MCL before there is2=— is a reasonable expectation of any significantly increased health, performance by packed tower aeration hazard, as VOCs present only potential>. and GAC adsorption. long-term risks at the concentrations.,} * The Practical Quantitation Level normally found in drinking water., [PQL) for die VOCs is S pg/1 except for Quarterly reporting is also proposed to

vinyl chloride which has a PQL of 1 fig/ account for the data which suggest thatO.TS n«'i'/. 1- The PQL is defined as the lowest VOC raw water concentrations may

achievable level of analytical vary under some circumstances. At SlSOquantitation during routine laboratory to $200 per sample, quarterly monitoring

• MOPMWI why tv operating conditions within specified is economically feasible for public waterlimits of precision and accuracy. • systems. For example, monitoring costsProvided below are summaries of the for a system serving 100 people with two

availability of analytical methods. wells would be a total of Si per monthtreatment technology performance and per person for one year. For a system of

MCLs are to be set Has close to" the costs, and the rationale used to . 25 people with one well, costs would beRMCLs "as is feasible". The term determine the proposed MCLs. A more S2 per month per person for one year."feasible" means "feasible with the use complete explanation is found in the Costs for larger systems would be muchof the best technology, treatment Cost and Technologies document and less. Monitoring on a daily or weeklytechniques, and other means, which the the Analytical Methods/Monitoring basis might not be economically feasibleAdministrator finds are generally document listed in the end of this notice, in all cases. Monthly monitoring mightavailable (taking costs into ' TABIS 9 —PPOPQSFO UCLS *** economically feasible for largerconsideration)". Section 1412(b){3). ____ -rmruseo MWJA____ communities but would not generally be

necessary to detect significantlyincreased health hazards given the long-term risks from VOCs.Although VOCs can sometimes be

0.005 reduced below the practical quantitationW**OMond*

The general approach to setting MCLsis to determine feasibility of controllingcontaminants. This requires anevaluation of: (1) The availability andcost of analytical methods. (2) theavailability and performance oftechnologies and other factors relativeto feasibility and identifying those that ______are "best" and, (3) an assessment of the • ttm MO, ** 1

o.oos

0.005 level using best generally available.020 technology (BGATJ, EPA does not

believe a treatment technique should berequired instead of an MCL. First

costs of the application of technologies "• *•"• s*CKprt *-a**Bwfc Congress requires EPA to set ao achieve various concentrations. Key treatment technique instead of an MCL'actors in the analyses include the •*• MCL vs. Treatment Technique when monitoring is not economically.allowing: Regulation ma* technologically feasible. EPA• Technical and economic availability The SOW A specifies in section 1401 believes that Congress intended EPA to

of analytical methods: precision/ that an MCL is to be set for require use of treatment techniquesaccuracy of analytical methods that contaminants in drinking water if "it is whenever a method was substantiallywould be acceptable for accurate economically and technologically infeasible across a broad range ofdetermination of compliance, limits of feasible to ascertain tile level of *uch contamination levels. In this case,analytical detection, laboratory contaminant in water in public water monitoring is economically andcapabilities, and costs of analytical systems." H it is not. a treatment technologically feasible across a verytechniques. technique regulation is to be set. broad range of contamination levels.• Concentrations attainable by For the purposes of making the finding Second, if a treatment technique were

application of best generally available regarding the feasibility of monitoring proposed for the VOCs, it would have totreatment technologies. - for any given contaminant. EPA must be based on a treatment performance—Levels of VOC contamination in &* determine, with respect to a given measurement parameter which is moredrinkiM water suDDues contaminant, what effective analytical sensitive than the analytical test

* ** ' techniques, if any, are technologically methods for VOCs. There is no knownavailable. Next EPA must determine at parameter and its development is notwhat frequencies those techniques foreseeable in the near future. Similarly.

• Other feasibility factors relating to .hould be employed to assure detection if EPA were toprescribe a treatment ithe "best" means of treatment »uch as of y violation prior to the time the technique for VOCs, there would still fair pollution and waste disposal and violation will actually cause or remain the question of whether aneffects on other drinking water quality contribute to any iignificantly increased individual system would have toparameters. health hazard. Then EPA must implement the prescribed technique.• Costs of treatment to achieve deterjaine whether monitoring at that EPA can only identify those systems

contaminant removal. ~_ frequency is economically feasible. RR. that need the treatment technique by•Proposed MCLs for the eight VOCs 83-1185,83rd Cong. 2d Sess. at 11-12 having the systems monitor for the

are presented in Table 2: the MCLs were (1974). VOCs. Obviously, monitoring data aredetermined based upon the following In this proposal three analytical only valid above the verifiable level ofkey factors: techniques have been identified and are quantitation, and only those systems• Best technologies generally clearly technologically available. As with VOC contamination at or above the

available are packed tower aeration and discussed in Section IV, EPA is verifiable level would have to install thegranular activated carbon (GAC) proposing to require monitoring technique. Therefore, setting the MCL at

quarterly where VOCs are detected. the limit of quantitation provide