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Transcript of Ozone Early Action Compacts Clearing the Air in Tennessee Prepared by the Tennessee Department of...
Ozone Early Action CompactsClearing the Air in Tennessee
Prepared by the
Tennessee Department of Environment
and Conservation
for the
Tennessee Pollution Prevention RoundtableJune 2003
Tennessee Pollution Prevention (TP2) Roundtable
Government, industry, universities, and environmental groups dedicated to preventing pollution
In 1998, met year 2000 goal of reducing emissions of toxic chemicals by 50% from 1989levels
Now focusing on reducing ozone levels through Early Action Compacts
What are Early Action Compacts?
Broad partnerships with government, business and citizens
Provide cleaner air for Tennesseans
Voluntarily improve air quality ahead of federal requirements
Implement local strategies for meeting the federal 8-hour ozone standard
Early Action Compact Areas
Chattanooga Region
Knoxville Region
Tri-Cities RegionNashville Region
Memphis Region
Putnam Co.
Haywood Co.
Southeastern areas exceeding the 8-hour ozone standard
Source: www.epa.gov
Ozone (O3) is a colorless gas that is “good up high, bad nearby”
Source: www.epa.gov
Ozone harms our lungs… Aggravates asthma
Reduces lung capacity
Increases vulnerability toillnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis
Can cause permanent lung damage after long-term exposure
Affects especially children, elderly, those with respiratory problems, and those who spend much time outdoors
Ozone harms our economy… Affects tourism
Reduces crop and forest yields
Restricts economic development
Threatens federal highway funds
Ozone in the Smokies damages 30 species of plants, causing visible leaf injury and growth reductions. Source: National Park Service
Ozone-Injured Black Cherry
What causes nearby ozone? Nitrogen oxides (NOx) + volatile organicNitrogen oxides (NOx) + volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) + certain weather = Ozonecompounds (VOCs) + certain weather = Ozone
Source: www.epa.gov
Sources of VOCsMotor vehiclesStationary sourcesSolvents, lawn and garden equipmentTrees
Sources of NOxMotor vehiclesElectric utilitiesIndustrial, commercial and residential sources that burn fuel
How is ozone regulated?
EPA sets federal air quality standards
Old 1-hour standard .12 ppm
New 8-hour standard .08 ppm
State monitors ozone levels
EPA designates nonattainment areas
What does “nonattainment” mean?
Measured ozone levels can exceed the health-based standard
The air is not always healthy to breathe
How would nonattainment affect my county?
Public stigma of nonattainment
Impacts on economic development
Tougher permitting for industry
Industrial recruitment difficult
Highway funds can be held back
What are the sources of NOxin Tennessee?
1999 Tennessee NOx Emissions (2022 tpd)
25.6%
11.7%
39.6%
15.6%0.2%
5.0%0.3%
1.5%0.2%
Elec Util
Ind comb
Other comb
Chem Prod
Metal Proc
Petrol Ind
Other Ind
Solvent
Waste Disp
On Road
Off Road
Misc.
Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
Which vehicles emit the most NOx?
2007 Emissions Contribution by Vehicle TypeTennessee Data
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
LDGV LDGT12 LDGT34 HDGV MC LDDV LDDT HDDV
Vehicle Category
Pe
rce
nt
of
To
tal
Em
iss
ion
s
VOC NOx COSource: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx inthe Chattanooga region?
1999 Chattanooga EAC NOx Emissions (114 tpd)
16.4%
65.9%
1.6%1.1%
0.2%9.4%
0.1%
5.3%
Elec Util
Ind comb
Other comb
Chem Prod
Metal Proc
Petrol Ind
Other Ind
Solvent
Waste Disp
On Road
Off Road
Misc.Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx inthe Kingsport region?
1999 NOx Emissions in Kingsport EAC (171 tpd)
32.0%
32.7%
11.6%
0.9%1.8%1.7%
0.0%
18.8%
0.3%
0.1%
Elec UtilInd combOther combChem ProdMetal ProcPetrol IndOther IndSolventWaste DispOn RoadOff RoadMisc.
Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx inthe Knoxville region?
1999 NOx Emissions in Knoxville EAC (218 tpd)
9.4%
4.7%
49.3%
13.5%
0.2%
17.0%
0.2%
5.5%
Elec UtilInd combOther combChem ProdMetal ProcPetrol IndOther IndSolventWaste DispOn RoadOff RoadMisc.
Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx inthe Memphis region?
1999 Memphis EAC NOx Emissions (346 tpd)
16.2%
32.1%
22.2%
10.5%
17.8%
0.8%0.3%0.1%
Elec Util
Ind comb
Other comb
Chem Prod
Metal Proc
Petrol Ind
Other Ind
Solvent
Waste Disp
On Road
Off Road
Misc.Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx inthe Nashville region?
1999 NOx Emissions in Nashville EAC (352 tpd)
53.3%
18.2%
2.6%
5.3%
11.0%
9.3%
Elec UtilInd combOther combChem ProdMetal ProcPetrol IndOther IndSolventWaste DispOn RoadOff RoadMisc.
Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
What are sources of NOx in Haywood County?
Source: University of Tennessee, 2003
1999 NOx Emissions in Haywood EAC (18 tpd)
55.2%
12.4%
32.0%
0.2%
Elec UtilInd combOther combChem ProdMetal ProcPetrol IndOther IndSolventWaste DispOn RoadOff RoadMisc.
How will the new 8-hour ozone standard affect Tennessee?
New standard much more demanding
Many Tennessee counties will NOT meet new standard without additional controls
Industrial controls alone not sufficient— must also reduce vehicle emissions
Local support and participation needed to attain new standard
What has EPA done to reduce ozone?NOx reductions from TVA and large
industrial boilers
Low-sulfur gasoline (phased in 2004 -2007)
New emission standards for passenger cars (phased in 2004 - 2007)
New on-road diesel engine and fuel standards (phased in 2006 - 2010)
What can Tennesseans do to reduce ozone?State air pollution regulations to reduce emissions from factories and power plants
Reducing emissions from low-level sources will have greatest local impact
Local requirements to reduce vehicle emissions
Voluntary actions by government, business and citizens
State writes control measures into a State Implementation Plan (SIP)
What have Tennessee’s EAC partners committed to do? Take early action to reduce ozone levels
Actively participate in selecting and implementing local control measures
State leads on technical work and regulates stationary sources outside of local programs
Implement voluntary and regulatory strategies that address all sources
Deadlines for Tennessee
June 16, 2003: State sends EPA likely control measures for each compact
March 2004: Local areas submit air quality improvement plan to state
April 2004: EPA designates nonattainment areas, but defers effective date for compact areas
Deadlines for Tennessee
December 2004: State Air Pollution Control Board adopts control measures into SIP
Dec. 31, 2004: State submits SIP to EPAMarch 2005: Implement emission
reduction measures2005 - 2007: Measure ozone levelsOctober 2007: Attainment achieved
What are the benefits of early action?
Cleaner air soonerLocal planning and decisions
Broad public input
More economic opportunityAvoid burdensome regulations
8-hour transportation conformityOffsets
What can we do? Reduce vehicle use
Trip reduction programs
Enhance transit and other transportation alternatives
Commuter Choice incentives
Employee education programs
Use cleaner fuels—natural gas, propane, biodiesel, ethanol
Implement Air Quality Action Days
What can we do? Reduce off-road mobile
emissions Lawn equipment
Construction equipment
Enhance energy efficiency
Limit long duration idling
Support national clean air legislation
www.tdec.net/apc/eac