Oxy Compounds of Phosphorus
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Oxy Compounds of Phosphorus• Phosphorus (III) Oxide (P4O6) and Phosphorus (V) Oxide (P4O10) represent
the two most common oxidation states for phosphorus, +3 and +5• Anhydride- any chemical compound obtained through the elimination of
water from another compound.• Phosphorus (V) Oxide- Anhydride of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), a weak
triprotic acid• Phosphorus (III) Oxide- Anhydride of phosphorous acid (H3PO3), a weak
diprotic acid• Both acids have a tendency to undergo condensation reactions when
heated• Condensation Reactions involve two or more molecules combining to
form a larger molecule by eliminating a smaller molecule such as H2O
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Phosphoric Acid in Detergents• The phosphates in detergents are often in the form of
sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10)• A typical detergent formulation contains 47%
phosphate, 16% bleaches, perfumes, and abrasives; and 37% linear alkylsulfonate surfactant• The phosphate ions form bonds with metal ions that
keep the metal ions from interfering with the surfactant molecules• The phosphates keep the pH above 7 and prevent the
surfactant molecules from gaining an H+ ion
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Phosphoric Acid in Fertilizers
• Most of the phosphate rock that is mined is converted into fertilizers
• The Ca3(PO4)2 in phosphate rock is insoluble– It needs to be converted into a soluble form by
treating the phosphate rock with phosphoric acid• Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 4H3PO4 (aq) 3Ca+2
(aq) + 6H2PO4- (aq)
– The solubility of Ca3(PO4)2 allows it to be assimilated by plants it can also be washed from the soil into bodies of water, thus contributing to water pollution
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Phosphorus Compounds in Biological Systems
• There are phosphate groups in both DNA and RNA– These phosphate groups are responsible for the
control of protein biosynthesis and transmission of genetic information
– It also occurs in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores energy in biological cells and has the structure
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Carbonic Acid and Carbonates
• Carbon dioxide is moderately soluble in water• The resultant solutions are moderately acidic
from the formation of carbonic acid, a diprotic, weak acid– CO2 (aq) + H2O(l) H⇌ 2CO3 (aq)
– Carbonic acid cannot be isolated as pure compound, they can be obtained by neutralizing carbonic acid solutions