OWT Annual Report Sumbar 07-05-2012
Transcript of OWT Annual Report Sumbar 07-05-2012
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 1
Chapter I
Introduction
1.1 Background
Since November 2007 to April 2011, Operation Wallacea Trust (OWT) has been supporting the
implementation of an environmental pilot-project – commonly quoted as ‘PNPM-Green’ – under
the Government of Indonesia’s (GOI) National Program for Community Empowerment in Rural
Areas (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat–PNPM-Rural). The PNPM-Green is a pilot
program within PNPM - Rural that aimed at developing and integrating a sustainable natural
resources management (NRM) strategy into the PNPM-Rural. The development objective of
PNPM-Green is that rural communities in target locations benefit from improved NRM and use of
renewable energy (RE) technology. Operationally, PNPM-Green follows the same community-
driven development (CDD) approach as PNPM-Rural - block grants are disbursed from the
national/state budget at the sub-district level to finance local development activities that have been
selected by communities through a gender-inclusive, competitive, participatory process. PNPM-
Green differs from PNPM-Rural in that it is currently only active in selected locations within 10
target provinces, and the block grants disbursed are specifically earmarked to support community
investments in ‘green sub-projects’– an environmentally supportive activities focused on NRM,
conservation, and RE. Additionally, PNPM-Green finances supplemental technical assistance for
its beneficiaries, delivered through GOI-contracted consultants/facilitators and through Civil
Society Organization (CSO). The pilot has initially been developed in Sulawesi (2008) and
supported by CIDA, and since 2009, the pilots have been expanded to Sumatera, following the
support by three other donors: from the Netherlands, Denmark, and Australia.
OWT is a (CSO has agreement with the World Bank to support the implementation of PNPM-
Green project in SE-Sulawesi Province (2007- to date). Since March 2010, OWT has had
agreement with the Danish Embassy to support catchment rehabilitation campaigns in the upper
catchments of Micro-hydro Power (MHP) construction sites funded by PNPM-Green in Mamasa
and Luwu Utara Districts; ‘Capacity Building on Catchment Areas Management and Conservation
to Sustain MHP schemes’ (1.MRD.16-3). Measures such as community-enforced catchment area
management and protection are essential for sustaining water flow to ensure the operation of MHP
schemes. Improved natural resources management (NRM) practices will also provide other
benefits and services to the participating communities including reducing soil erosion and
increasing rainfall retention etc.
Since April 2010, with fund support of the Danish Embassy (Danida), OWT has delivered
trainings, awareness rising and technical assistance, and facilitated the development of village
nursery and catchment areas planting campaigns. Project duration in Sulawesi was one year
(March 2010 – February 2011). Full intervention (training, awareness raising, technical assistance
and facilitation were provided for 6 village models, 5 villages in Mamasa (Tawalian Timur,
Orobua Selatan, Mambuliling, Salomo Kanan and Salutambun Barat) and 1 village in Luwu Utara
(Tulak Talu). Training on catchment area management was delivered to all PNPM-Green
facilitators in Sulawesi and (Green) PNPM actors at (sub) district and village level in Mamasa and
Luwu Utara Districts.
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Since March 2011, we started working in Agam District, West Sumatera Province. Intensive
facilitation has been conducted in the following area: (a) Nagari Salareh Aia1, Palembayan Sub-
District; (b) Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub-District and (c) Nagari Malalak Selatan, Malalak Sub
District.
Subsequently to the previous activity during the first year in Mamasa and Luwu Utara District of
West Sulawesi Province, activities in Agam District (West Sumatera Province) also include the
following activities: training, awareness raising, technical assistance and facilitation. These
activities have received a very good response from the community, PNPM-Green consultants, the
nagari administration, as well as the sub-district and district government.
However, the activities in West Sulawesi Province only focusing on PLTMH, while in West
Sumatera Province the PLTMH activity is included as one of the activities in PNPM-Green.
Therefore, on the field level, OWT has also taken part in conducting trainings and technical
assistance for several NRM activities (i.e. developing nursery, planting, and bokashi-making) and
RE (i.e. building installation for making biogas) that is included in PNPM-Green programs in
Agam District during 2010-2011.
The report is outlined our activities in West Sumatera from March 2011 – February 2012.
1 Nagari is a customary defined administrative area boundary inherited by Minangkabau (the dominant ethnic group in
West-Sumatra Province) geo-political structure (Langgam). ‘Nagari’ is equal to ‘desa’ (village), but the administrative
area is normally larger than desa, the area size and population of one nagari may be equal to 2-5 villages (big village),
the Area of Nagari Salareh Aia (16,000 ha). The New Order era had nationalized indigenous and diverse village
governance systems which were already in existence before 1945, among others, the nagari system in Minangkabau
was changed into ‘desa’ (Law No. 5/1979). In the decentralization era, after promulgation of Law No. 22/1999 on
local governance, West Sumatra Province enacted Law No 9/2000 which reverts from ‘desa’ into indigenous ‘nagari’
governance system. One Nagari is composed of several Jorong (sub-village).
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II. General Conditions of Project Site
2.1. General Conditions
Agam District lies between 0 01'34'' - 0 28'43'' South and 99 46'39'' – 100 32'50'' East, extends
from mountainous upland into coastal areas. The altitude ranges from 0 – 2,891 m above sea level.
It is a typical volcanic landscape in the tropics; many areas in the District have beautiful scenery
and comfortable weather conditions. Temperature ranges from cool to warm in the lowland areas.
The District is located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan Mountain range. The geology is
volcanic in origin, dominated by Andosols, a typical fertile soil developed on recent volcanic
deposits. Water resources are abundant with low turbidity (suspended-load) due to the stable
substrate. Lake Maninjau, one of the largest lakes in West-Sumatera, is located in the District.
Annual rainfall ranges from 2,500 – 3,000 mm.
The natural vegetation is rain forest (now degraded in most places) and dominated by suren (Toona
sureni). The dominant population is the Minangkabau ethnic group and is mostly Moslem. The
main source of income of local community is from irrigated rice farming; farmers also plant
coffee, cocoa, rubber, Cassia vera (Cinnamomum burmanii/kayu manis2), and gambir (Ucaria
gambir Roxb.) in the rain-fed land. Oil-palm plantations have started to dominate land-use in the
lowland area.
2.2. Identified environmental problems
In the last decades, rapid land cover changes (deforestation) have occurred in Sumatera, leading to
frequent environmental disasters and human-wildlife conflicts. For West Sumatera, natural forest
and other traditional land-use (agroforestry) conversion to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and gambir
(Ucaria gambir Roxb.) have been significant, compared to conversion to other land-uses (such as
industrial forest estate, rubber and Cassia vera/kayu manis plantations) which are common in the
neighboring provinces (Jambi, Riau, Bengkulu Provinces). Both species are tolerant in a wide
range of soil types, as long as it is well watered. Conversion of tropical forest to oil palm occurs in
the lowland areas, while gambir is mostly planted in the upland areas. Both have contributed to
rapid deforestation, biodiversity-loss, forest fires, carbon emissions, water yield reduction and loss
of landscape aesthetics.
2.2.1. Uncontrolled smallholder Gambir plantation development in the upland area
Gambir is a light demanding shrub plant of the Rubiaceae family which grows well between
altitudes from 300 – 800 m asl. The extracted leaves and branches produce tanin, catechin and
pyrocatechol. Gambir is used as a raw material for products ranging from medicine, food,
cosmetics, and textiles to leather processing industries. This is a product specific to West Sumatera
Province that around 80% of the world demand is met by the province with destination countries
being: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, France, and Switzerland. The
development of gambir plantations in Agam District is very destructive to the environment.
2 Cinnamomum burmanii is native to Southeast Asia. This species has aromatic oils in its leaves and bark.
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Most of the smallholder gambir plantations are established through slash and burn of the remaining
natural forest in the hilly terrain. Gambir is high water and nutrient demanding while there have
been lacking of soil and water conservation measures or actions to maintain and restore soil
fertility. After 3-5 years, the plantation becomes unproductive and new forest is cut to open more
plantation areas. Such bad practices are common in several areas and dramatically degrading
landscape aesthetics as well as the ‘sponge effects’ of mountain forest. The rate of deforestation is
strongly correlated with the market price.
2.2.2. Uncontrolled smallholder oil palm plantation development in the upland area
Since 2005, Indonesia has been the world’s largest and most rapidly growing source of palm oil.
Its wet tropical climate provides ideal growing conditions for the palm. Land is abundant and labor
is cheap. Most oil palm production in Indonesia comes from Sumatera, but it is expanding rapidly
in Kalimantan and spreading further east to Papua. So far, it is still debatable whether oil palm
provides a valuable route to sustainable development or a costly road to environmental
degradation. Oil palm development involves many tradeoffs. Oil palm is often a major driver of
economic growth and a source of alternative fuel, but it also threatens traditional livelihoods and
the rich biological diversity; it destroys the landscape beauty and increases global carbon
emissions. The boom of oil palm in West Sumatera has attracted upland community to plant oil
palm, without caring to the suitability rate of the land for oil palm. As results, many sloping areas
in the upland area have been converted into smallholder oil palm plantation at the expense of forest
and agroforestry land use.
2.2.3. Downstream Hydrological Effects
The downstream effects of gambir and upland oil palm plantations have been obvious, flooding in
the lowland areas is common, inundated rice field and fish ponds, while during the dry season,
many of the rice field and fish ponds dry-up due to lack of water supply. The dramatic
hydrological changes are compounded by the steep river gradients and the relatively short
distances between upstream and downstream areas in West Sumatera.
2.3. Main causes of the problems
2.3.1. Lack of awareness on NRM and Financial Investment
Most farmers are not aware that oil palm development needs high input and maintenance cost,
while not all types of land are suitable for the plantation. Farmers are also weak on farm
investment analysis leading to sub-optimal decisions on land management. The most common
excuse to cut forest for oil palm is because their ‘neighbours’ do so, because big plantation
companies in the lowland areas gains huge benefits from oil palm, unfortunately, local community
have poor awareness on the difference soil and landscape characteristics, the difference
management intensity and financial conditions between large scale company and smallholder
farmers..
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The absence of soil and water conservation measures on rainfed (sloping land) agriculture has led
to high farming investment. Farmers needlessly waste precious domestic and natural resources,
such as cutting and burning pristine forest and abandon their unproductive farms. Shifting
cultivation still occurs in Agam District (for gambir plantation), due to the absence of simple soil
and water conservation measures, such as building simple terraces or soil pits for controlling soil
loss. Farmers are not aware on the rich organic material source from rice fields to replenish their
rainfed land fertility.
2.3.2.. Village Level: Poor NRM governance and capacity in development planning
The rampant environmental degradation at village level, such as uncontrolled deforestation,
building housing areas or cultivating annual crops on extreme slope terrain, strongly indicates the
poor NRM governance at village level.
Based on Government Regulation No. 72/2006 on Village Administration and Law No 32/2009
on local Governance, the ‘village’ as the smallest unit of autonomous administration has right to
decide their own provision. The village has the right to define: (a) Village Regulations; (b) village
development budget and (c) collaboration with third parties (business companies, other villages
etc.). In many cases, the village is lacking independence due to weak NRM governance. As a
result, village natural resources (NR) have suffered from the exploitation by outsiders.
The hierarchy of bottom-up development planning, from Musrenbang Kecamatan (Development
planning consultative meeting at sub-district level) to Musrenbang Kabupaten (Development
planning consultative meeting at district level) often fail to incorporate development ideas
(proposals) from bottom (village) level, while the village development planning document is often
unclear and not well-prepared. As a result, district development planning is often developed on the
basis of District Agency’s (SKPD3) set up rather than being the compilation of village
development planning assembled through Musrenbang Kecamatan and Kabupaten. Consequently,
village developments often failed to address the real needs of local community or improving local
community livelihoods and environment.
Since 2010, PNPM-Green has been promoting the formulation of RPJM-Desa (Rencana
Pembangunan Jangka Menengah), Medium-term (5 years) village development planning. Since
2011 all development support at village level should refer to such documents. At this moment, the
quality of those documents are still poor: (a) Not well-prepared; (b) the development ideas are
dominantly suggested from village elite’s initiatives; (c) Much emphasis on infrastructure
development; and (d) village development planning is based on administrative, rather than
catchment boundary unit.
2.3.3. (Sub) District Level: Poor NRM governance and capacity in development planning
The success of decentralization depends upon the availability of proper institutions and qualified
human resources in implementing all aspects of decentralization, as well as other supporting
factors, such as infrastructure, technology, information access, personnel, and institutional
capacity. Many newly proliferated districts, after decentralization in 20014, have insufficient
3 SKPD: Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah, technical agencies at district level.
4 Based on the issuance of Act No. 22 of 1999 (local governance), which come into effect on 1 January 2001.
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human resources capacity. They often lack a simple map as a basis for NRM planning. As a result,
the NRM of different sectors often overlap.
There are still problems in the implementation of forestry decentralization, which have led to
uncontrolled forest logging after decentralization. A few months after the issuance of Act No.
22/1999, Forestry Act No. 41/1999 was passed. The implementation of these two acts has created
problems for the parties responsible for managing the forest and forest resources. Problems are
particularly severe between the central government (Ministry of Forestry) and local (district)
government agencies because of differing interpretations of the term decentralization. This has led
to misinterpretations when identifying responsible actors in forest management at district level.
Therefore, distribution of authority and roles has become an area of conflict among the parties
concerned. In addition, problems have emerged due to lacking of transparency and accountability
in managing and maintaining forest resources as a life-support system, rather than as a source of
timber only. Misperception regarding the implementation of decentralization in forestry sector at
district level in many areas was mainly caused by the local government administrators’ short-term
orientation: five years. As a result, the forest is perceived as a source of timber that generates local
revenues. Timber-cutting licenses are issued locally without sufficient regard for sustainability
principles, leading to rapid deforestation.
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Chapter III
Project Start-up and Initial Facilitations
Project start-up in Agam District is composed of the following activities:
3.1. Selection of MHP catchment model and technical assistance
The survey was conducted during February to March 2011 in West Sumatera, Agam District. We
selected three MHP catchment models, i.e. (1) Nagari Salareh Aia, Palembayan Sub-District; (2)
Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub District and (3) Nagari Malalak Selatan, Malalak Sub-District.
We defined MHP catchment area in Nagari Salareh Aia (Sikabau Catchment Area) as catchment
model meaning that the area receive full facilitation, training, awareness raising, intensive
facilitation and technical assistances; while MHP catchment area in Nagari Pagadih (Pagadih
Gadang Catchment Area) and Nagari Malalak Selatan (Malalak Catchment Area) receive training,
technical assistance and limited facilitations. After catchment model selection, we conducted initial
socialization to communities in designated areas.
Table 3.1. Biophysical conditions of selected project sites
No Aspects Nagari (Village)
Salareh Aia Pagadih Malalak Selatan
1
2
3
4
5
6
- Rain fall (mm/year)
- Altitude (asl)
- Topography
- Dominant Vegetation
- Soil depth
- Sub Watershed (DAS)
2000-2500
148-380
flat-hilly
Suren (Toona sureni),
manggis (Garcinia
mangostana), pinang
(Areca catechu),
durian (Durio
zibethinus), avocado
(Persea Americana)
deep
Masang Kiri
2500-3000
900-1100
hilly
Kayu
manis(Cinnamomum
sp), suren (Toona
sureni)
deep
Masang Kanan
2500-3000
700-900
Surging-hilly
Kayu
manis(Cinnamomum
sp), suren (Toona
sureni)
medium
Batang Naras
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3.2. Set-up OWT Field Office
We have set up a field office in Nagari Salareh Aia. The site is located near the resident of Wali
Nagari Salareh Aia. Many stakeholders have visited the office for discussions and consultations.
The office, apart from serving as center of field management is also utilized as accommodation for
OWT staffs.
The office is equipped with: (a) training room with capacity for 30 persons; (c) computers and
LCD projector; (b) training modules and (c) stock of various orthodox species. The following
activities were conducted in the office during one year in Agam: (a) Fieldwork of Danida-
Renewable Energy Training Workshop (April 2011); (b) TPK and UPK training for areas
receiving MHP block-grant in Palembayan Sub-District; (c) Regular monthly coordination
meetings with PNPM-Green actors; (d) Catchment Area Management consultation for SPL and
Astal (PNPM-Green facilitators at district level) from all PNPM-Green target districts (8 July
2011); (e) showcases of environmental theme films (f) Meeting of Forestry and Farmers Group (g)
Visitor call (Forestry Department, Central PMD, PNPM administrators at nagari and sub district,
comparative study on biogas for people from Nagari Malalak, comparative study on nagari-based
nursery for FKL and UPK of Pasaman District).
3.3. MHP Catchment Area Mapping
We facilitated catchment area mapping in Nagari Salareh Aia involving key village staffs. This
activity was aimed at: (a) training of village key staff on catchment area mapping; (b) delineating
MHP catchment boundary; (c) mapping land cover condition; (d) mapping potential rehabilitation
sites. This activity was conducted during April and May 2011. We delineated three catchment
areas, i.e. (a) Batang Papo (2018 ha); (b) Batang Sikabau (5275 ha); and (c) Batang Sitalang (2665
ha). These mappings of area have produced four types of map in Nagari Salareh Aia, i.e.: (1) Map
of Catchment boundaries, (2) Map of Altitude, (3) Map of Soil Type, and (4) Map of Land Unit.
Samples of map types are presented in Figures 3.1- 3.4.
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Figure 3.1. Some catchment area boundaries in Nagari Salareh Aia
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Figure 3.2. The altitude of some catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia
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Figure 3.3. The soil type of some catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia
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Figure 3.4. Land unit map in Nagari Salareh Aia
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Chapter IV
Project Socialization and Coordination
We conducted project socialization and coordination with various parties and stakeholders prior to
project implementation at field level. These activities were conducted from the provincial, district,
sub district to village level through formal meetings and informal visits. The objectives were to
introduce OWT roles on MHP catchment management capacity building and synergize activities
with relevant agencies (Forestry and environmental agencies at district level). The benefits of the
activities were: (a) We receive supports from government and private sectors; (b) Government and
local communities being aware on OWT roles in PNPM-Green.
4.1 Province Level
Socialization was initially conducted in conjunction with Danida-Renewable Energy Workshop
held at the Hill Hotel, Bukittinggi on January 20, 2011. Follow-up coordination meeting was held
on July 25, 2011 at Basco Hotel, Padang. The participants were composed of key government
official at province and district level, Astal from West Sumatera Province and WCS staff. The
topic discussions presented by Dr. Edi Purwanto included: (a) Watershed Management; (b) The
need to conserve recharge area (daerah resapan) in West Sumatera; (c) Catchment rehabilitation
strategy; (d) Progress and results of OWT facilitation in Agam District. The presentation received
valuable response from participants, while most participants expected OWT technical assistance
in all PNPM-Green target districts (not limited in Agam District).
4.2 District and sub-district level
At the district level, socialization and coordination were carried out through various events; (a)
Meeting with Head of BPMD (Rural Community Empowerment Agency), Head of Forestry
Department at district level, and Head of Environment Agency on 23 March 2011; (b) Meeting
with the Regent of Agam District on May 13, 2011. The Regent strongly supports planting
campaign in Agam District while Forestry Agency provided 10,000 seedlings to Nagari Salareh
Aia. On May 25, 2011, we facilitated socialization and coordination workshop at district level. The
workshop was attended by key government official at (sub) district level, target nagari, province
facilitator (SPL), district facilitator (Astal) and PT Agro Masang Perkasa (AMP). Socialization at
sub-district level was conducted through several informal meetings with District PJO and Head of
Sub-district.
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4.3 Nagari Level
Table 4.1. Socialization at village level
No Location Activities Implementation
Time Frame
Number of
Participants
Male Female
1 Nagari
Salareh Aia Socialization with Wali Nagari, TPK
and Key Village Champions (KVC)
24 January 2011 8 1
Socialization with MHP beneficiaries
at Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan
24 March 2011 16 14
Socialization with Youth Group in
Kayu Pasak Timur
13 May 2011 14 7
Socialization with Farmer fish breeder
‘Cahaya Tanjung’
15 May 2011 12 10
Socialization with ‘Sejahtera Bersama’
Farmer Group at, Jorong Kayu Pasak
Timur
22 May 2011 16 4
Socialization with nagari officials 6 May 2011 13 2
Socialization with ‘Alam Lestari’
Farmer Group at Jorong Koto Alam
30 June 2011 9 16
2 Nagari
Pagadih Socialization with TPK and KVC 22 January 2011 9 -
Socialization with nagari officials 20 May 2011 22 4
3 Nagari
Malalak
Selatan
Socialization with TPK and KVC 23 January 2011 8 -
Socialization with Nagari Government,
TPK and communities
31 March 2011 12 1
4.4 Socialization and Coordination with PNPM-Green facilitators at province level
Socialization and coordination was held during PNPM-Green Coordination meeting on 16 May 2011. This
meeting was attended by provincial BPMD, SPL, Astal, Green-facilitators, WCS and OWT. On that
meeting, OWT delivered the following topics: (a) flow of catchment management activities (Case study in
West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi); (b) example of budget for catchment management rehabilitation.
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Chapter V
Training and Technical Assistances
5.1. Catchment Management Training National Level
Catchment management training national level was conducted for Sumatera region with
participants from 4 provinces (West Sumatera, Bengkulu, North Sumatera, and Aceh) and
Sulawesi region from 4 provinces (West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, and Central
Sulawesi) for consultant level (FKL, Astal, and SPL) and PJOK level (at district and sub-district
level). Training for consultant level was conducted in a ‘Refresher Training’, while training for
PJOK was conducted through ‘Training on Technical Assistance for Government Personnel’. In
both trainings, OWT took part as resource person on Catchment Management topic.
A. Refresher Training for Consultants
We provided training on catchment area management and rehabilitation on Sumatera PNPM-Green
refresher training held on 8 October 2011 in Soechi Hotel, Medan. The second refresher training
for Sulawesi PNPM-Green was conducted on 20 October 2011 in Malino Hotel, South Sulawesi.
The topics of training materials discussed during the training were:
Dr. Edi Purwanto:
Definition of Watershed and Catchment Area
Recharge Area and its implication on catchment area rehabilitation
Forest watershed functions
Vegetative rehabilitation
Film “One catchment one management”
Ujang S. Irawan, M.Si. :
Plant growth factor
Tree species selection for rehabilitation
Seed collection and handling
Nursery development
Seedlings propagation technique
Planting technique
Plant maintenance technique
Agarwood cultivation
Rehabilitation for mangrove and coastal areas
Good and Bad Practices on seedlings propagation and planting
Film “Rehabilitation in Mamasa”
The participants were very enthusiastic to follow our lecture as our topic was directly related to
their day-to-day work. We answered and suggested solutions to common technical problems
encountered by Green facilitators.
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The proportion in deliberation of training materials were different between the Sumatera region
and Sulawesi region. As for their first occasion, facilitators in Sumatera region were given lecture
on CM by OWT in 2:1 ratio between theoretical and discussion session, while for facilitators in
Sulawesi region have received 1:2 ratio between theoretical and discussion session after given the
same material through previous refresher training in North Toraja in August 2010. Such setting
provided more opportunity allowed for discussion with the participants. Topics of discussion
including ‘steps on catchment management planning’, seedling propagation of wildings, seed
handling and treatment, rehabilitation of mangrove and coastal area, species selection, and
propagation of jabon (Antocephalus cadamba).
B. Training for Government Officials
Training or technical assistance for government officials was participated by PJOK of PNPM-
Green from subdistrict and district level both for Sumatera and Sulawesi region. The training for
Sumatera region was held on November 9, 2011 in Hotel Soechi Medan, while training for
Sulawesi region was held on November 23, 2011 in Hotel Singgasana, Makassar. Several training
materials discussed during the training were the following : (1) Film “One Catchment One
Management”, (2) Film “Land Rehabilitation in Mamasa”, (3) Concept of Catchment Area
Management, (4) Vegetative Rehabilitation, (5) Strategy on Seedlings Propagation and Catchment
Rehabilitation, (6) OWT Experiences on Catchment Rehabilitation in West Sulawesi and West
Sumatera.
Personnel of PJOK were very enthusiastic during lecture presentation by OWT. We received many
questions and requests from the participants to acquire copies of presentation materials as well as
the films. During the discussion session, one of PJOK personnel from Mamasa District, Mr.
Philipus, specifically requested OWT to continue deploying technical assistance in forest and land
rehabilitation activities in Mamasa District.
C. Training for MHP Assistants of Sumatera and Sulawesi Region
On 31st January 2012, OWT took part in delivering presentation materials on ‘Strategies and
Sequences of Catchment Area Rehabilitation’ for Training of MHPAssistant in Sumatera and
Sulawesi region that took place in Novotel Hotel, Bandung – West Java. The main objective of
those presentations was to enhance ability of MHPassistants in the implementation of activities for
rehabilitation of catchment area within their facilitation sites. The presentation materials to address
the main objective were including (1) Concept of Catchment Management, (2) Mapping and
Planning for CA Rehabilitation, (3) Budget Planning for CA Rehabilitation, (4) Strategy on
Species Selection, (5) Seedlings Propagation, (6) Planting and Maintenance Technique, (7) Film
“One Catchment One Management” and “Land Rehabilitation in Mamasa.
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D. Workshop on Renewable Energy
OWT was invited as one of the speakers in the Workshop on Renewable Energy on November 2nd
2011 at The Hills hotel in Bukittinggi. On this occasion OWT explained the experience in
facilitating the implementation of activities related to renewable energy such as construction of
biogas installation in SE Sulawesi Province and Agam District, and production of coconut shell
charcoal briquette in SE Sulawesi. This workshop event was attended by Astal, SPL, PJOK
District, and staff from Mining and Energy Department of the entire West Sumatera Province.
Recapitulation of training activities at national level is presented as follows:
Table 5.1. Summary of Training Conducted at National Level
No Training Venue and
Time
Training Materials Participants Number of
participants 1 Region of Sumatera
a. Refresher Training for
PNPM-Green
facilitators
Hotel Soechi-
Medan, 8
October 2011
- Concept of catchment
management
- Nursery and plantation
FKL, Astal, and
SPL
77
b. Training for
Government officials
Hotel Soechi-
Medan, 9
November
2011
- Concept of catchment
management
- Nursery and plantation
PJOK of District
and Sub-district
45
2 Region of Sulawesi
a. Refresher Training for
PNPM-Green
facilitators
Hotel Malino-
South
Sulawesi, 20
October 2011
- Concept of catchment
management
- Nursery and plantation
FKL, Astal, and
SPL
47
b. Training for
Government officials
Hotel
Singgasana-
South
Sulawesi, 23
November
2011
- Concept of catchment
management
- Nursery and plantation
PJOK of District
and Sub-district
40
3 Region of Sumatera and Sulawesi
Training for MHP
Assistant
Hotel Novotel -
Bandung, 31
January 2012
- Concept of catchment
management
- Planning of CA
Rehabilitation
- Nursery and Planting
SPL PLTMH,
MHP Assistants
35
Total 244
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 18
5.2. Training at District Level
On 16 November 2011, a Training of Trainers was held in Bukittinggi This training was attended
by all PL and TPK of PNPM-Green activities recipient sites in Agam District, i.e. Palembayan
Sub-district, Malalak Sub-district, and Pagadih Sub-district. The training emphasized on enhancing
ability of participants, especially the PL of PNPM-Green, to become trainers or resource persons
for activities related to CM in the future. It is expected that they will be able to provide explanation
and practices in implementing CM activities particularly linked to rehabilitation of CA. Most
participants of this training have attended previous training conducted by OWT in each of model
sites, therefore this training is set to focus more on deepening the comprehension of PL on each
topic and increase their ability in conducting training and technical assistance to targeted
benefiaciaries and stakeholders in similar activities for the next year period.
At district level OWT also presented results of implementation of CM activities in a workshop
organized by PMD of Agam District in Parai Hotel on 6th
December 2012. The event was attended
by the Head and staff of PMD of Agam District, head of sub-districts, the Wali Nagari, PNPM-
Green facilitators, PL, and TPK from entire Agam District. In addition to delivering result of CM
implementation, OWT also deliver presentation about facilitation of PNPM-Green activities on
biogas making. On this event, wali nagari(s) from other villages not included as location model,
requested OWT to facilitate rehabilitation in their nagari regions. Correspondingly, the Head of
the PMD requested that OWT technical assistance shall continue in order to complete a program
run and provide real benefits.
5.3 Training at Sub-District Level
OWT provided trainings on rehabilitation of CA at the sub-district level in Palembayan and
Malalak District. Trainings at sub-district level were attended TPK and community leaders from
PNPM-Green and MHPprogram recipient villages in 2010 and 2011. Training in Malalak Sub-
district was held at the Sub-district Office on 21st July 2011 about seed propagation and cultivation
techniques and on 2nd
August 2011 on biogas making. In Palembayan Sub-district, the training was
held on November 3, 2011 that specifically discussed about techniques for setting up nursery in
nagari.
5.4 Training at Village (Nagari) Level
OWT have delivered the following trainings: (a) Biogas Installation, (b) Mapping catchment area
using GPS, (c) Seedlings Propagation and Nursery Establishment, (d) Catchment Area
Rehabilitation Technique. These trainings were conducted at three sites, i.e.: Nagari Salareh Aia,
Palembayan Sub District; Nagari Pagadih, Palupuh Sub District and Malalak Sub District.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 19
Table 5.2 Summary of Training Conducted at Nagari Level
No Training Venue and
Time
Training Materials Participants Number of
participants 1 Palembayan Sub-District
a. Biogas Installation Nagari Salareh
Aia, 18 April
2011
Introduction to Biogas
Practical application on
biogas installation
- Nagari
Officials
- Farmer
Group
members
22
b. Catchment area
mapping using GPS
Nagari Salareh
Aia, 18 April
2011
Mapping Concept
Practical application in
operating GPS
- Nagari
Officials
- Farmer
Group
members
22
c. Catchment
Rehabilitation Technique
Nagari Salareh
Aia, 25-26 Juni
2011
Catchment area
rehabilitation techniques
Flow of activities on
catchment area
rehabilitation
Village nursery
development
Practical application in
Bokashi-making
- Nagari
Officials
- Farmer
Group
members
- PNPM-
Green
facilitators
from
Pasaman
District
47
d. Planting and Tree
Maintenance
Nagari Salareh
Aia, 27
November
2011
Concept of Catchment Area
Seedlings selection criteria
for planting
Planting technique
Maintenance technique
Practical application in
planting
- Farmer
Group of
Kuto Alam
Sub-Village
30
e. Planting and Tree
Maintenance
Nagari
Baringin, 3
December 2011
Same as above - Farmer
group of
Nagari
Baringin
- Nagari
official
24
2 Palupuh Sub-District
Catchment Rehabilitation
Technique
Pagadih, 28
June 2011
same as Training on
catchment rehabilitation
technique at Salareh Aia
- Nagari
Officials
- Farmer
Group
members
-
33
Bokashi making -
3 Malalak Sub-District
Catchment Rehabilitation
Technique
Nursery of
Malalak
Selatan,
6 December
2011
Bokashi-making and
vegetative propagation of
durian
- Nagari
Officials
- Farmer
Group
members
15
Total 193
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 20
5.5 Technical Facilitation on Budget Planning
The allocation of fund is based on these principles (a) transparency; (b) addressing and
accommodating the needs of a greater beneficiary targets; (c) targeted activities and achievements
are compatible with the available resource; (d) Emphasis is given to the quality and not the
quantity, while the rehabilitation area was not large, but providing the best practices and areas to
learn from; (e) The available resources (budget) shall be spent in an efficient, effective, productive
and sustainable way. The most ideal situation, OWT should have an access to control the
proportion of budget (out of the BLM) set aside for catchment rehabilitation. Given it was beyond
our domain or the budget allocation for catchment rehabilitation had been defined before our
effective involvement in the project, then efforts were taken to facilitate the efficient use of
available resources.
The facilitation was conducted with Wali Nagari, TPK, Bamusna (Nagari Consultative Board),
KVC and representatives of local community. Facilitation on budget planning for catchment
rehabilitation was conducted in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih. The facilitation began with
discussing step-by-step activities, and then followed with collecting ideas on the readily available
local resource which can be easily provided by local community. The budget allocation should
consider as much as possible to allow contribution of local resources and enable to sponsor some
steps of catchment rehabilitation actions. The budget description was defined based on price
standard used in Gerhan5.
Table 5.3 Example of cost breakdown for nursery development, planting and maintenance of
10,000 seedlings (8 ha) at Nagari Salareh Aia (all in IDR)
No
Budget Component
Amount
Unit
Cost per
unit
Total Cost
Fund
Sources
A. Nursery Development
1 Bamboo SS
2 Seedlings growing bed (bedeng sapih) 1x 5 m2 24 bed 20,000 480,000 BG
3 Roof for germination bed SS
4 Seed beds (bedeng tabur) SS
5 Potting media (soil, compost) SS
6 Nursery equipment SS
7 Poly-bags and non-indigenous seeds 10,000 polybag 20 200,000 CMP
8 Loading soil to poly-bags 12,000 polybag 50 600,000 BG
9 Transplanting seedlings 12,000 seedling 25 300,000 BG
10 Nursery maintenance 6 month 100,000 600,000 BG
11
Pesticides (fungicide, insecticide, herbicide)
and root growth hormone and other nursery
provision 1 Package 536,200 BG
5 Gerakan National Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan/National Campaign for forest and land rehabilitation is a nation-wide catchment
rehabilitation campaign run by national government from 2004-2008.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 21
Sub-total 2,716,200 17 %
B. Planting
1 Bamboo stakes (ajir) 12,000 stake 50 600,000 BG
2 Compost
SS
3
Land clearing and planting strips (6 mds/ha x
35,000 = 210,000) 8 ha 210,000 1,680,000 BG
4
Planting strip and space (3 mds/ha x 35,000=
105,000)
8 ha 105,000 840,000 BG
5 Installing stakes (2 mds/ha x 35.000= 70,000) 8 ha 70,000 560,000 BG
6
Planting holes and weeding surrounding the
hole (11 mds/ha x 35,000 =385,000) 8 ha 385,000 3,080,000 BG
7
Transport of seedlings to planting holes (2
mds/ha x 35,000=70,000) 8 ha 70,000 560,000 BG
8
Transporting compost to planting holes (3
mds/ha x 35,000=105,000) 8 ha 105,000 840,000 BG
9
Planting of seedlings (6 mds/ha x 35.000 =
210,000) 8 ha 210,000 1,680,000 BG
Sub-total 9,840,000 62%
C. Maintenance of the current year
1 Fertilizing (2 mds/ha x 35.000=70,000) 8 ha 70,000 560,000 BG
2 Replanting (2 mds/ha x 35.000=70,000) 8 ha 70,000 560,000 BG
3
Weeding/tillage (8 mds/ha x35.000= 280,000)
8
ha
280,000 2,240,000
BG
Sub-total
3,360,000
21%
Grand total (A+B+C) 15,916,200 100%
Remarks: mds = man-days, CMP = Catchment Management Program, BG=Block-grant, SS = Self-Supporting
(swadaya).
5.6 Technical Facilitation on Species Selection
We facilitated activities for species selection involving local communities and nagari officials.
Species selection was based on three aspects, namely: (a) environmental aspect (site suitability and
soil and water conservation function); (b) social aspect (familiarity/well-known and easy-
growing); (c) economic aspect (marketability). Based on growth rate and utilization, the selected
species are sorted into three groups, i.e.: (a) high quality timber species, such as mahoni, suren,
madang, kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii); (b) fast-growing species, among others are: sengon
(Albizia falcataria), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and (c) fruit
tree species such as: jack fruit (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), durian (Durio zibethinus), avocado
(Persea Americana), and sirsak (Anona muricata).
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 22
5.7 Technical Facilitation on Seed Collection
Seed collection was set based on local and exotic species. Seeds of durian (Durio zibethinus),
petai (Parkia speciosa), suren (Toona sureni), and avocado (Persea americana) were collected
from local trees found throughout the villages. Mahoni (Swietenia mahagony), suren (Toona
sureni), jati putih (Gmelina arborea), sengon (Albizia falcataria), and kayu Afrika were collected
(bought) from tree stand in PTPN VIII in Cisarua-Bogor. Sirsak (Anona muricata) were not
collected from forest seed source but were bought from Bogor market. Jabon (Anthocephalus
cadamba) were collected from tree stand in Rumpin-Bogor (See Table 5.4).
Seed collecting was completed by OWT staff (Ujang S. Irawan and Andijarso), local tree climber
(Pak Kamed), MoF staff (Pak Atep), KOICA Staff (Kusnadi), BIOTROP staff (Hoerudin). Seed
of mahoni, sengon, and suren were collected by climbing the tree while other seeds were collected
from fallen seeds under tree crown. List of location for seed collection from Seed Source in Java
is presented below:
Table 5.4 List of Seed Collection, Quantity, Storage Technique, and Treatments
No Species Quantity Storage Germination
Treatments
Location Institution
1 Swietenia
macrophylla
40 kg Gunny
sack, semi
ortodox
No
treatements,
direct sowing
Carita
(Banten
Province) and
Cianjur
(West Java
Province)
FORDA and
Perhutani KPH
Cianjur
2 Gmelina arborea 3 kg Plastic bag,
semi
ortodox
Soaked in cold
water 24 ours
Dramaga-
Bogor
FORDA
3 Paraserianthes
falcataria
5 kg Plastic bag,
ortodox
Soaked in hot
wter 3 minute
and cold water
12 ours
Kediri (East
Java)
Perhutani KPH
Kediri
4 Maesopsis
eminii
5 kg Plastic bag,
recalsitrant
No
treatements,
direct sowing
Cisarua-
Bogor
PTPN VIII
5 Arthocarpus
heterophyllus*
40 kg Gunny
sack,
recalsitrant
No
treatements,
direct sowing
Bogor Bogor market
6 Toona sureni 5 kg Plastic bag,
semi
ortodox
No
treatements,
direct sowing
Cisarua-
Bogor
PTPN VIII
7 Anona muricata 10 kg Plastic bag,
ortodox
To be broken
by forcep
Bogor Bogor market
8 Anthocephalus
cadamba
0.2 kg Plastic bag,
ortodox
No
treatements,
direct sowing
Rumpin
Bogor
Rumpin Seed
Source and
Nursery Center
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 23
5.8 Technical Assistance on Village Nurseries Development
Technical assistance on nursery development was conducted in (a) Nagari Salareh Aia; (b) Nagari
Pagadih and (c) Nagari Malalak Selatan. Technical assistance included: (a) selection of nursery
sites; (b) establishment of germination beds; (c) growth media preparation; (d) nursery
maintenance; (e) Bokashi-making shed; (f) rice husk charcoal making; (g) pest and disease
controls, etc.
We have facilitated the establishment and technical assistances on six village nurseries: (1) two
nurseries in Nagari Salareh Aia: Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur (30,000 seedlings) and Jorong Kayu
Pasak Selatan/MHP Nursery (10,000 seedlings), (2) two nurseries in Nagari Pagadih: Jorong
Pagadih Mudiak (10,000 seedlings) and Jorong Banio Baririk (30,000 seedlings); and two
nurseries in Malalak Sub-district: Jorong Nyiur, Nagari Malalak Selatan (15,000 seedlings) and
Jorong Salimpuang, Nagari Malalak Utara (30,000 seedlings).
Village Nursery in Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia was established to be a Central
Training Nursery for village level in Agam District. Being the largest and purposefully located on
a highly accessible location in Nagari Salareh Aia, this nursery already received visitors from
district and sub-district government officials, students, PNPM-Green facilitators, and farmer
groups. It is aimed at becoming: (a) learning center for Salareh Aia community and surrounding
areas; (b) central nursery to develop perennial and annual crop seedlings; (c) demonstration site for
organic fertilizer production.
During facilitation by OWT, the village nursery has produced about 30,000 seedlings from
generative propagation technique. The seedlings were divided into three tree groups: (1) High
Quality Tree Species: suren, mahoni, kayu afrika, madang, Shorea selanica, (2) Fast-growing
species: sengon, gmelina, jabon, (3) Multi-purpose tree species and fruit species: durian, jack fruit,
avocado, mangosteen, sirsak (soursop), and gaharu (agarwood).
The fruit species has a great potential to be developed using vegetative propagation (grafting
technique) on the next period of technical assistances by OWT. Vegetative propagation will
increase community interest on seedlings propagation and planting of such species because of
(relatively) shorter time to yield (quicker benefit) if compare to generative propagation.
At present, village nurseries, especially in Salareh Aia, have plenty of fruit seedlings that
developed from generative propagation in previous year. These seedlings are potential rootstock
for vegetative propagation using grafting technique with good quality of scion obtained from
selected trees species in Nagari Salareh Aia. Some fruit seedlings could be propagated by grafting
technique in Salareh Aia Village i.e.: durian (Durio zibethinus), jack fruit (Arthocarpus
heterophyllus), sirsak (Anona muricata), avocado (Persea americana), and mangosteen (Garcinia
mangostana).
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 24
5.9 Technical Assistance on Biogas Installation
Utilizing PNPM-Green block-grant funding (2010), we facilitated 11 biogas installations in Nagari
Salareh Aia as well as its maintenance work., Such facilitation is not directly related to catchment
area management business, however we purposefully operated the biogas project as an ‘entry
point’ to catchment area management project in the Nagari.
The support along with technical assistance in biogas installation was also carried out with PNPM-
Green block-grant funding in 2011. Biogas installation were conducted in Jorong Sungai Taleh,
Nagari Baringin, Palembayan Sub-district (14 units for 14 households) and in Jorong Salimpaung,
Nagari Malalak Utara of Malalak Sub-district (7 units for 8 households). All the installed biogas
are work well.
From biogas-making activities, OWT has successfully acquiring cadres who are able to manage
their own activities in biogas-making. Particularly in Palembayan Sub-district, the installation of
biogas plants was actively organized by those cadres (Penrizal, Richi, and Hery). On such
situation, OWT functioned as quality control agent for biogas plants that were built by these
cadres. While in Malalak, the management of biogas-making activities was still fully facilitated
by OWT, as the TPK and PL are still learning the techniques. It is expected they will be equipped
with self-sufficient skill in biogas-making in the near future.
5.10 Technical Assistant on Catchment Area Management
Understanding that facilitation on catchment area management is only provided by OWT and has
been only taking place in Agam District, interested parties such as PNPM-Green facilitators (SPL,
Astal, FKL) from all over West Sumatera Province (outside Agam District) were encouraged to
have consultation with us. In respect to such interest, we also provided technical consultation for
all -Green facilitators from outside Agam District. Two technical consultation have been
organized: (1) Firstly in Padang (16 May 2011), it was appended during PNPM-Green
Coordination meeting in West Sumatera Province; (2) secondly, as a follow-up to the first
consultation, on 8 July 2011, we provided technical consultation at our office in Nagari Salareh
Aia.
In fact, Agam District is the only district in West Sumatra which has spent and implemented MHP
catchment area rehabilitation campaigns. The situations are different for those districts outside
Agam which do not receive OWT technical assistance. Those districts so far have not either spent
and implemented MHP catchment rehabilitation campaigns for fiscal year 2010 and 2011. In
response to the problems, we provided strategy to implement MHP catchment rehabilitation
involving the roles of Astal, FKL and newly recruited MHP assistant.
5.11 Planting Campaigns
Planting campaigns were conducted at district and village level.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 25
1. Planting Campaign at District Level
Planting campaign at district level was carried out along with the "Agam Planting Campaigns" activities on
29 November 2011 in Jorong Ngungun, Nagari Salareh Aia led by Regent of Agam (Mr. Indra
Catri). Implementation of Agam Planting campaigns were held in collaboration with the Agam District
Forestry Agency for the sake of celebration of Indonesian Tree Planting Day (HMPI). The event was
attended by relevant agencies within Agam District, Head of Sub-districts, Wali Nagari, Farmer Groups
from Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih, key village champions, pupils, and villages/nagari administrators.
The roles of OWT on Agam Planting campaigns were: (1) Facilitated preparation activities for Agam
Planting campaigns, (2) Provided technical guidance for the community to prepare planting area, (3)
Together with Agam District Forestry Agency provided seedlings for planting, (4) Mobilization of farmer
groups in the planting campaigns (Nagari Salareh Aia: Jorong Ngungun, Kayu Pasak Timur, Koto Alam,
Kayu Pasak Selatan; Nagari Pagadih), (5) Organized the ceremonial planting campaigns with Agam
District Forestry Agency, (6) Exhibition on awareness materials produced by OWT, (7) Disseminated
seedlings to exhibition visitors.
2. Planting Campaign at Village Level
Implementation of planting activities at village level was held in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih in form
of: (1) Establishment of Suren Seed Sources, (2) planting outside and ion MHP catchment area.
a. Establishment of Suren Seed Sources
It was established on 2 ha land and intended to provide seed-producing trees that can be used on various
planting activities. At the early stages, the seeds of Suren (Toona sureni) was collected from several
mother trees in Agam and Bogor. Planting was conducted in two villages, 1 ha was in Nagari Salareh
Aia and 1 ha was in Nagari Pagadih.
.
a. Planting Outside MHP Catchment Area
Planting in Jorong Kayu Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia was conducted by members of Forest Farmers
Group (KTH) ‘Hijaulah Nagariku’in an area of 15 ha of community land. The planted tree species
including: Suren, Mahoni, Jackfruit, Sengon, Gmelina, Avocado, Parcia sp. and Anona (Sirsak).
Planting activity in Nagari Pagadih was conducted on 6 ha community land, 1 Ha of village land and 1000
seedlings were planted along the main road sides of village The planted tree species are: Suren, Mahogany,
Jackfruit, Maesopsis, Durian and Anona.
c. Planting in MHP Catchment Area
It was conducted on: (1) 6.5 ha in Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan, Nagari Salareh Aia and (2) 6.5 Ha in
Jorong Pagadih Mudik, Nagari Pagadih. Planted species are: Suren, Mahogany, Jackfruit and
Sirsak. The planting in Malalak has not yet been implemented due to persistence problem regarding
the location of MHP site.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 26
Chapter VI
Facilitation
6.1 Empowering Farmer Groups
Catchment area conservation must be sustained, while village implementing unit of PNPM-Green
(TPK) is an ad-hoc organization which only operating during the project. Therefore, establishment
of village organization that is responsible for catchment area management and conservation. This
can be conducted by either empowering the existing farmer group organization or developing new
organization. The former is the case for Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan (Nagari Salareh Aia) and
Nagari Pagadih, while the latter was conducted through facilitation for the establishment of new
organization, i.e. established Forest Farmers group or Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) in Jorong
Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia such as ‘KTH Hijaulah Nagariku’ on 26 July 2011. The roles of
organizations including managing the establishment and maintenance of village nursery, conduct
tree planting and maintenance of the planted seedlings.
6.2 OWT Interventions: Towards the ‘Green-Nagari’
Recognizing consequence of the situation and in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the
ecosystems, and considering the listed observation points below:
a. A rapid and uncontrolled environmental degradation that currently on-going in West Sumatera
has been continuously disregarded while only very few people being aware of the potentially
harmful consequences;
b. The willingness of Agam District government to reverse this environmental degradation and
restore the areas to their former ecological state is hampered by lack of knowledge and skills
regarding good sustainable development practices.
c. While having a strong social capital of their local communities in Nagari Salareh Aia
(Palembayan Sub-District); Nagari Pagadih (Palupuh Sub-District) and Nagari Malalak
Selatan (Malalak Sub-District), it also demanded technical assistance and intensive facilitation
in order to address and reverse the ongoing environmental degradation;
d. The presence of oil palm plantation company (PT AMP) in Nagari Salareh Aia, Agam District
that is prepared to collaborate with OWT in improving natural resource management as part of
their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
We have focused our remedial facilitation actions on improving capacity of village government
and champions to develop or promote ‘Green-Nagari’, which are, among others, composed of the
following activities:
(a) Awareness raising campaigns on ‘Green Nagari’ in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari Pagadih and
Nagari Malalak.
(b) Training on tree seedling propagation, organic fertilizer, organic pesticide and biogas
installation in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari Pagadih and Nagari Malalak.
(c) Facilitation on the establishment of Nagari and MHP nurseries in Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari
Pagadih and Nagari Malalak.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 27
(d) Facilitation and providing technical assistance on biogas installation, 14 units in Palembayan
Sub-District (PNPM-Green 2010) and 7 units in Malalak Sub-districts (PNPM-Green 2011).
(e) Facilitation on participatory mapping of MHP catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia and
Nagari Pagadih
(f) Facilitation on development of Green-RPJM Nagari model (Roads towards Green Nagari) in
Nagari Salareh Aia.
(g) Facilitation on development of Green-CSR of PT AMP (Oil Palm Plantation Company) for
Nagari Salareh Aia
(h) Facilitation on development of Nagari Pagadih Regulation on Forest Protection and Critical
Land Rehabilitation.
(i) Training on vegetative rehabilitation for Green Facilitators (SPL, Astal and FKL) of the entire
PNPM-Green Pilot Districts in West Sumatera Province.
(j) Mainstreaming of PNPM-Green smart practices in West Sumatera Province
(k) Facilitation for Key Nagari Champions, Head of Sub-district (Camat), Wali Nagari and SKPD
to attend environmental studies in SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor and Gunung Gede-Pangrango
National Park.
6.3 Facilitation on the Review of Green-RPJM Nagari Salareh Aia
The aim of development planning stated in RPJM of Salareh Aia has been insufficiently addressed
the environmental issues. This is evident from the sub-project proposals that mainly aimed at
building physical facilities and infrastructures. Efforts were made to incorporate environmental
issues on the existing RPJM nagari to become Green-RPJM.
Some environmental issues have been incorporated on the existing RPJM-Nagari Salareh Aia, such
as: (1) Protection of nagari forest and its water sources, (2) Rehabilitation of critical land, (3)
Protection and conservation of biodiversity, (4) Management of catchment area, (5) Development
of Eco-tourism, (6) Environmental education. Whereas for inter-nagari program are: (1) Restore
environmental conditions on the basis on catchment area management (Masang Sianok Catchment
Area, which covers Palupuh, Ampek Nagari and Palembayan Sub-districts), (2) Enhance the roles
of PT AMP Plantation and PT PPR to support community development in Salareh Aia.
6.4. Facilitation on the formulation of Village Regulation
OWT has facilitated the formulation of the Nagari Regulation in Nagari Salareh Aia and
Pagadih. Especially for Nagari Salareh Aia, the Nagari Regulations have ruled the following l
matters: (1) Community forest management, including the administration of forest products and
forest function, (2) Water Resources conservation, including springs and streams, (3) Biodiversity
conservation, including the utilization of endangered species, (4) Mining regulation, (6) Waste
Management, including household waste, market, and home industries, (7) Protection of
vulnerable areas: sloping land, riparian areas, peatlands and irrigated rice field; (8) Promotion of
relevant local wisdom such as agroforestry systems (Parak System), no fishing zone area,
customary forest, promoting planting culture such as: compulsory of tree planting for couples
before wedding, students entering to or graduating from a school, administration of land titles and
other licenses issued by the village/nagari.
March, 2012 ANNUAL REPORT
Edi Purwanto & Ujang S. Irawan 28
Figure 6,1. Steps on facilitation of Village Regulation Formulation
Step 1 Identification of
issues and stakeholders
Identification of problems
Identification of core problem
Identification of stakeholders
List of problems List of Stakeholders
Potential impacts of new village regulation
Step 2 Identification of complementary
towards basic Law and Regulation
Step 3 Drafting Village
regulation
Step 4 Organizing Public
consultation
Step 5 Discussion at BPD
Step 6 Socialization and
Ratification of Village regulation
Inventory of relevant law ad organization
Analyzing human resource ability
Analysis on law enforcement
List of relevant Laws and regulations
Human resource analysis
Analysis of implementation from related regulations
Formulating from general to detailed
Standardized format
The Dos and Don’ts
Sanctions
Initial version of Village regulation
Invitation to all stakeholder
Two-way communication
Record all inputs
Final Village Regulation
public and stakeholders consultations
Village regulation (Ready for ratification version)
Socialization prior and after Ratification
Invite all stakeholders
Village regulation after legalized by BPD and village head
Socialization
STEPS CHECKLIST OUTPUT
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6.5 Facilitation on Comparative Study
We facilitated the visit of the Key Agam District PNPM-Green actors and stakeholders to
conduct comparative study in Bogor from 21 to 22 December 2011. It was attended by 28
participants consisting of: Head of the PMD Agam District. Head of Agam District Forestry
Agency, Head of Palembayan Sub-district, Head of Malalak Sub-district, Head of Palupuh Sub-
district, PJOKab of Agam Districts, Wali Nagari from the three sub-districts and UPK.
The knowledge and skill gained during the visit were:
1. Visit to SEAMEO-BIOTROP Bogor: Cultivation of Sorghum and its distillation process to
produce ethanol, the use of the Magic Stove (Dr. Supriyanto), cultivation of Tiram mushroom (Ir.
Kasno, MSc.), tissue culture (Mr. Samsul) and Agarwood (Ir. Jonner, M.Si.).
2. Visit to the Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park:
Experience and lessons learned of the Gunung Gede National Park Management to harmonize
various interests and to foster spirits of ownership of the National Park as Biosphere Reserve.
3. Visit to the office of Operation Wallacea Trust: Success story of OWT facilitation on PNPM-
Green and MHP Catchment Area Management, the making of yoghurt.
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Chapter VII
Awareness Raising The aim of awareness-raising activities is to make community: (1) aware on OWT roles in PNPM-
Green; (2) understand the principle in catchment area management and the importance to manage
NRM based on catchment area boundary; (3) aware on the role of vegetative rehabilitation on
catchment area restoration; (4) aware on relevant activities to support the success of vegetative
rehabilitation.
We conducted awareness-raising through; (1) publication and video presentation followed with
discussion; (2) Distributing awareness-raising materials, such as leaflets, banners, stickers and t-
shirts; (3) organizing activities, such as Suren seeds collection and PL camping. This chapter
discusses activities related to awareness-raising for catchment area management and conservation.
7.1 Development and distribution of awareness-raising materials
(1) Sticker : OWT’s Logo and Motto “Bersama Masyarakat Melestarikan Alam” (Empowering
Communities for Conservation).
(2) Brochure : Generative propagation; Shoot cutting techniques; Agarwood propagation and
inoculation techniques; Tree planting techniques; Biogas installation; Bokashi
making; Coconut shell charcoal briquette and Tree Species Selection.
(3) DVD : Giant Sponge of Indonesia; Mamasa Planting Campaigns; MHP for People;
Vegetative propagation; One Catchment One Management; Agam Planting
Campaign, Seedlings Propagation Technique, Water as Source of Life..
(4) T-Shirts : Two models, “ Menuju Desa Lestari Mandiri Energi” and “ Bersama Masyarakat
Melestarikan Alam”
(5) Banner : We have created 8 themes for standing banners and installed them in OWT office
and village models’ office: (1) Training on catchment area rehabilitation; (2)
flow chart of community based catchment area rehabilitation; (3) flow chart of
generative propagation; (4) Flow Chart of tree planting campaigns; (5) Save
forest to avoid drought; (6) Save forests to conserve water resource; (7) small
seedlings, big benefits; (8) Save the future of children by planting trees.
(6) Poster : Save our catchment area as supporting life ecosystem from ridge to reef.
7.2. Activity based Awareness
7.2.1. Mother Tree Selection and Conservation
There are some well-known fruit species in the project area, i.e. durian (Durio zibethinus),
manggis (Garcinia mangostana), suren (Toona sureni), and madang (Litsea angulata).
We facilitated local community in Nagari Salareh Aia to select and protect mother trees: (a) as
seed supplier for tree nursery; (b) raising community awareness on protected mother trees; (c)
preventing mother trees from being cut; (d) conservation of endangered species; In addition, we
also provided description of selected mother trees to raise community awareness on the need to
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protect the trees, such as: local name and botanical name, seed morphology, seed characteristics,
seedling propagation techniques, light intensity, benefits, conservation status and silviculture
techniques. Several tree species that were selected as mother trees in the village including;
madang (1 tree), durian (10 trees), gaharu/Aquilaria malaccensis (3 trees), and mangosteen (10
trees).
7.2.2. Camping of PNPM cadres (PL)
We provided lectures and practical application regarding catchment area management during the
PNPM-Green camping activities held in Nagari Salareh Aia from 7- 9 July 2011. The camping
participants include all PNPM-Rural and PNPM-Green cadres, facilitators and key village
champions of Palembayan Sub-district.
7.2.3 Participated on PNPM-Rural Exhibition in Batusangkar
OWT participated in the environmental exhibition of PNPM-MP Camp Jamboree that was held
on 17-20 November 2011 at the Pagaruyung Palace in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar District. On
this exhibition event, OWT represented PNPM-Green program to exhibit the results
of catchment management and NRM activities. Exhibition materials and displays including
banners, brochures, seedlings (soursop, jackfruit, suren, gaharu, and mahogany), bokashi, bio-
charcoal, VCO, seeds samples of several tree species, and honey bee.
The OWT booth was the only exhibition representing PNPM-Green of West Sumatera Province.
We received many interested visitors including Governor of West Sumatera, Regent of Tanah
Datar, Vice Regent of Sijunjung, Head of PMD West Sumatera Province, Head of
PMD Tanah Datar District, PJOK of PNPM-LMP at provincial, district and subdistrict level, and
facilitators for PNPM-MP and LMP.
Several activities were carried out during the exhibition including:
General explanation on PNPM-Green to the Governor of West Sumatera
Detailed explanation on CA management for the Vice Regent of Sijunjung District and PJO
of PNPM Green in West Sumatera Province
Explanation on bokashi and briquette making to visitors
Detailed explanation on inoculation technique of gaharu (agarwood) to visitors
Donating of seedlings to the exhibitors at the end of the exhibition. This activity was the
most attractive activity that many guests were very enthusiastic to receive their seedling
(1500 seedlings) that they would use for planting on their land.
These seedlings were acquired from the nursery in Nagari Salareh Aia (500 seedlings) and
provided by Agam District Forestry Agency (1000 seedlings).
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Chapter VIII
Project Progress and Challenges
8.1 Analysis of Project Progress (March 2011 -February 2012)
Table 8.1 Analysis of Project Progress
No Activities Achievement
(%)
Results
A
Participatory Mapping
A.1. Data Collection
100% Biophysical and social condition,
nursery sites, catchment area map,
potential rehabilitation sites.
A.2. Selection of catchment
Model
100% Sikabau Catchment Area ( in Nagari
Salareh Aia) as catchment model; while
Pagadih Gadang and Malalak as
catchment technical assistance.
A.3. Mother tree selection and
protection
100%
We facilitated local community in
Nagari Salareh Aia to select and map
mother trees; (Durio zibethinus),
manggis (Garcinia mangostana), suren
(Toona sureni), and madang (Litsea
angulata) as mother trees.
A.4. Mapping of catchment
model
100% We facilitated local community and key
Nagari officials to map Sikabau
catchment model using GPS
B Awareness rising
B.1. Socialization and
coordination
100% Socialization and coordination at
province, district, sub-district and
village level have been completed.
B.2. Environmental Awareness
Materials
100% All awareness materials, such as film,
brochures, stickers, T-shirts, posters,
and banners have been developed,
installed and distributed.
B.3. Protection of mother trees 100% We facilitated local community in
Nagari Salareh Aia to protect mother
trees; (Durio zibethinus), mangosteen
(Garcinia mangostana), suren (Toona
sureni), as mother trees.
B.4. Seeds collection 100% We facilitated local community to
collect seeds from local (mother) trees
and certified seeds from outside areas.
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B.5. Building village nursery 100% We have facilitated the establishment of
four village nurseries: (a) Jorong Kayu
Pasak Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia; (b)
Jorong Kayu Pasak Selatan, Nagari
Salareh Aia; (c) Jorong Pagadih, Nagari
Pagadih; (d) Jorong Malalak, Nagari
Malalak Selatan.
B.6. Technical assistance to
maintain village nursery
100% We provided technical assistance on the
establishment of village nurseries and
continuing with seedlings propagation
and nursery maintenance at three
villages model
B.7. Development of Village
Seed Source
100% We facilitated establishment of Village
Seed Source of Suren at Pagadih and
Salareh Aia.
B8. Village Arboretum 100% We facilitated establishment of Village
Arboretum at Pagadih
B.9. Facilitation on catchment
area rehabilitation
100% We facilitated rehabilitation of
catchment area at Jorong Kayu Pasak
Selatan, Salareh Aia village (6.5 ha) and
at Jorong Pagadih Mudiak, Pagadih
village (6.5 ha)
B.5.3. Facilitation on Agam
planting campaign
100% Agam planting campaign “Agam
Menanam” was conducted on 29
November 2011 at Jorong Ngungun,
Salareh Aia village (2 ha)
C Training
C.1 Training Materials
Procurement
100% All materials have been provided to
support each training activity
C.2 Training for
Communities’ Leaders
100% See Table 5.2
C.3 Training for PNPM-Green
facilitators and actors
100% See Section 5.1
C.4 Technical Assistance on
catchment area model in West
Sumatera Province
100% See Section 5.10
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D Collaboration on Natural
Resource Management
D.1 Facilitation on
Establishment of farmer group
of conservation/institutional
strengthening of farmer group
100% We facilitated establishment of Forest
Farmer Group in Jorong Kayu Pasak
Timur, Nagari Salareh Aia and
strengthening existing farmer groups.
D.2. Facilitation on
Development Village
Regulation on Natural
Resources management
80% We facilitated development of village
regulation on natural resource
management focusing in Nagari Salareh
Aia and has being replicated in nagari
Pagadih. The village regulation is
expected for ratification on April 2012.
E Promotion
E.1. Website Development 100 % Website has been developed :
www.owt.or.id
E.2. Promotion by
media/workshop
100% Workshop on Socialization of
Catchment management program was
conducted in Lubuk Basung, Agam
District. Followed by “ Implementation
of Catchment management in Agam
District” was presented in Parai Hotel on
6 December 2011
E.3 ToT KVCs 100% We delivered Training of Trainer on
Catchment Rehabilitation for PL, TPK,
and some village champions of
Palembayan sub-district, Malalak, and
Palupuh conducted in Bukittinggi on 16
November 2011.
8.2. Challenges Faced and Remedial actions
Table 8.2. Challenges Faced and Remedial Actions
No Problems Remedial actions
1. Logging is still occurred in the
protection forest and steep sloping
areas
- Planting campaigns of logged over area
and bare land in steep slope area.
- Promoting other source of fuel energy,
such as biogas installation.
- Awareness campaigns through farmer
groups and forest farmers groups.
- Facilitate the establishment of Village
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Regulation on environmental protection.
2. Pig raids on village nursery - Building bamboo fence and digging pit
trap around the village nursery
3. Lack of community skill on tree
seedlings propagations
- Intensive facilitation and technical
assistance
4. Uncertain time of key species fruiting
seasons
- Seeds collection of other tree species
- Seeds collection during fruiting season
- Collection of natural seedlings
5. Rapid land cover changes from natural
forest into small-scale oil palm
plantation
- Awareness rising on benefit and cost
analysis of small-scale oil palm plantation
- Introduction of rubber plantation as
alternative for oil palm
- Formulation of Village Regulation on
Village Protection Areas.
6. Uncontrolled smallholder Gambir
plantation development in the upland
area
- Awareness rising on benefit and cost
Gambir smallholder plantation
- Introduction of rubber plantation as
alternative for Gambir
- Formulation of Village Regulation on
Village Protection Areas.
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Chapter IX
Work Plan
Table 9.1. Work Plan for Eight Months (March – October 2012)
No
A Activities March April May June July August Sept Oct
1st 2n
d 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1
st 2nd 1st 2nd 1
st 2nd
A Catchment Management Planning
a. Participatory Catchment Area Mapping using
Visual Map/sketch MHP catchment area
rehabilitation project of 2011, Palembayan
Sub-district (4 villages), Agam District
X X
b. Facilitation on Budget Planning for
Catchment Rehabilitation for MHP catchment
area rehabilitation project of 2011,
Palembayan Sub-District (4 villages), Agam
District.
X X
B Awareness raising
B.1. Socialization and Coordination X X X X
B.2. Development of Awareness Materials
X X X
X
B.3. Distribution, Installation and Extension X X
C Facilitation and Technical Assistances
C.1 Facilitation Village Nursery development X X X X
C.2 Seeds Collection X X X X X X
C.3 Facilitation on nursery maintenance
X X X X X X X X
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C.4 Facilitation on Catchment Rehabilitation
Actions
X
C.5 Technical assistance on the maintenance of
village Seed Source in Salareh Aia and Pagadih
X X X X
D Training
D.1 Training for Farmer groups and KVCs
X X
E Collaborative NRM
D.1 Facilitation on establishment of Village
Conservation Groups/strengthening of farmer
groups
X X
D.2 Facilitation meetings to synergize CA
management actions
X X X X
F Promotion
E.1. Develop website and update the content
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
E.2. Promote the project in media/workshop
X X
E.3 ToT of KVCs X X
F Reporting X
Remarks:
General activities
Activities in Agam District
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Chapter X
Conclusions and Recommendations
10.1 Conclusions
During one year of facilitation, the project activities have been well implemented in Agam District.
As outlined in Chapter 8, targeted activities have been successfully completed. The project has
received great responses and enthusiasm from local community and PNPM-Green actors and
facilitator at district and province level. As for the case in Mamasa District, the project has
successfully enhanced ‘green spirit’ to the MHP program in West Sumatera.
Until February 2012, the major milestones of the project are: (1) Increased awareness and
enhanced capacity building of local community and PNPM-Green facilitators and actors on
catchment areas management in Agam District, (2) Enhanced the capacity of PNPM-Green
facilitators and key stakeholders on catchment area management in Sumatra and Sulawesi; (3)
Establishment of village nurseries and protection of mother trees in Nagari Salareh Aia and
Pagadih; (4) Supported the implementation of Indonesian Tree Planting Day in Agam District; (5)
Supported PNPM-Rural exhibition in West Sumatra Province; (6) Promoted the concept and
implementation of Green-Nagari in Agam District; (7) Rehabilitated critical lands within and
outside MHP catchment areas in Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih; (8) Facilitated the review of
RPJM-Nagari in Salareh Aia; (9) Facilitated the formulation of Village regulations on NRM in
Nagari Salareh Aia and Pagadih; (10) Facilitated the comparative study of key PNPM-Green actors
and stakeholders of Agam District in Bogor, West-Java.
The presence of OWT in (West) Sumatera has provided significant contribution for the PNPM-
Green implementation in Sumatra, especially through catchment area rehabilitation component.
This has been proven by the great enthusiasm of PNPM-Green facilitators to OWT technical
assistance.
During the extension period (March – October 2012), we will facilitate the implementation of
MHP catchment area rehabilitation of 4 villages (Nagari Salareh Aia, Nagari IV Koto Palembayan,
Nagari Sipinang, and Nagari III Koto Silungkang) in Palembayan Sub-District (Agam District)
which received MHP sub-projects for the fiscal year 2011. Apart from that, we will continue our
facilitation on the maintenance of the nurseries and planted tree seedlings in two villages (Nagari
Salareh Aia and Nagari Pagadih) receiving MHP catchment area for fiscal year 2010.
10.2. Recommendation
Addressed to the World Bank: Considering that Agam District is the only district in West
Sumatra which has spent and implemented MHP catchment area rehabilitation campaigns while
those which did not receive OWT facilitation have not either spent or implemented MHP
catchment rehabilitation campaigns for fiscal year 2010 and 2011. To enforce MHP catchment
area rehabilitation within PNPM-Green, we propose that all districts receiving MHP projects
should have CSO facilitation.
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