Overview: the Korean Stem Cell...
Transcript of Overview: the Korean Stem Cell...
![Page 1: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Overview:the Korean Stem Cell Case
LEARNING GOAL
• Understand ethical issues in the practice of research using this case study
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify and analyze important concepts in research misconduct and fraud using group share
• Create a concept map: make connections between different elements of this case
![Page 2: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Active learning methods
• Clickers
• Group share
• (Concept map)
![Page 3: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Woo Suk Hwang, DVM, PhD
![Page 4: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hwang ‐ rise to fame• Feb 2004: First reported success of
creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer method
• May 2005: 11 more stem cell cultures from cloned human embryos using same method
• These two landmark articles published in Science
• August 2005: Nature: first to report cloning a dog (Snuppy)
![Page 5: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer method (SCNT)
• Injecting genetic material from adult human cells into human eggs that had their own DNA removed
David Cameron, 2001
![Page 6: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Heart Muscle
Vessels
Blood
KidneyBone Skin
Nervous System
Liver
Pancreas
Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells
neuronsastrocytesoligodendrocytes
blood cells
cardiomyocytes
liver cells
insulin producing cells
endothelial cells
osteoblasts
Magnuson, Vanderbilt U.
![Page 7: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Study brings therapeuticcloning one step closer
• The technique could eventually help scientists develop ‘’ Repair Kit’’ for the treatment of many diseases using a patient’s own stem cells
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/308/5729/1738a.pdf
![Page 8: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Scandal
• November 2005: One of Hwang’s collaborators raised concerns regarding oocyte (egg) donations in Hwang's research and unethical conduct in the egg cell acquiring process in violation of the country's bioethics law
Science Feb 10 2006
![Page 9: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• January 2006 : University announced that all Hwang's stem cell lines were fabricated and both Hwang's 2004 and 2005 Science papers are based on fabricated data
Time cover Jan 6 2006
![Page 10: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
However, Snuppy was a real clone
![Page 11: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• January 2006: Science retracted both Hwang's papers
Science Jan 20 2006
![Page 12: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Indictment and trial• May 12, 2006: Indictment
– Conduct and reporting of fraudulent research
– Embezzlement and misappropriation of funds
– Violation of Bioethics and Biosafety Act 2005
• June 20, 2006: Trial• 2007: Hwang was fired from
SNU• October 26, 2009: Guilty of
embezzlement and ethics violations but not research fraud
Science 5/19/2006
![Page 13: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gerald Scatten(International collaborator)
• Not guilty for research misconduct
• Guilty for research misbehavior
http://www.britannica.com
![Page 14: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Do you think Hwang should have been allowed to continue his work?
A) YesB) NoC) Undecided
![Page 15: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What is Dr. Hwang doing now?
![Page 16: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Group Share (15 min)• What ethical issues stand out and what are some lessons learned from Hwang scandal?
1‐Misconduct and Fraud2‐ Responsible authorship3‐ Research with human subjects 4‐ International collaboration5 ‐Mentor trainee relationship & responsibilities
![Page 19: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Concepts for the Korean stem cell case
• Regulations that govern research• Research with human subjects• Informed consent• Oocyte donation• Risk/benefit• Scientific integrity• Research Misconduct• RCR education• Responsible authorship
• Data fabrication• Peer review of manuscript
submissions• Error vs. intent• Mentor‐trainee relations• Reporting results• Coercion and autonomy• International collaborations• international guidelines for RCR
![Page 20: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Concept map elements for photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis• CO2
• H20• Glucose• O2
• Aerobic metabolism• Plants
http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/bucher/modules/Photosynthesis.pdf
![Page 21: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Photosynthesis• CO2
• H20• Glucose• O2
• Aerobic metabolism• Plants
Plants
O2
“create”
![Page 22: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Concept map elements for photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis• CO2
• H20• Glucose• O2
• Aerobic metabolism
http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/bucher/modules/Photosynthesis.pdf
![Page 23: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Connect the following eight elements derived from group share using a CONCEPT MAP
• Research with human subjects• Informed consent• Oocyte donation• Risk/benefit• RCR education• Data fabrication• Peer review of manuscript submissions• Error vs. intent• Mentor‐trainee relations
![Page 24: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LEARNING GOALS – KOREAN STEM CELL CASE• Understood ethical issues in the practice of research using this case
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identified important concepts in research misconduct using group share
• Created a concept map: make connections between different elements of this case
![Page 25: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GoalParticipants will understand and appreciate a variety of ethical issues related to the conduct of research.
Learning objectives
Participants will be able to:• Define research misconduct.• Identify cases of and behavior representing research misconduct.
Research Misconduct
![Page 27: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Teaching Methods• Group discussion• Analysis of a case study
![Page 28: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Most research funding agencies definemisconduct as “fabrication, falsification, orplagiarism in proposing, performing, orreviewing research, or in reporting researchresults.”
![Page 29: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Fabrication is “making up data or results.”
• Falsification is “manipulating research materials,equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data orresults such that the research is not accuratelyrepresented in the research record.”
• Plagiarism is “the appropriation of another person’sideas, processes, results, or words without givingappropriate credit.”
• Research misconduct does not include honest error ordifferences of opinion.
U.S. FEDERAL POLICY ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT
![Page 30: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CASE STUDY: group discussion
• Suresh was reading his samples on aspectrophotometer. Duplicate measurementswere carried out on each sample. During hisreadings, the electricity was on and off atdifferent time intervals. When he had finished, henoticed that readings of some duplicates did notresemble each other. He decided to select onlythe readings in the same range as those reportedin some famous publications and show these tohis supervisor.
• What are the types of misconduct here? Discuss
(10 min)
![Page 31: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Scientists behaving badly Vol 435|9 June 2005
![Page 33: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Titles of ComplainantsSee - ORI-RCR website
Student/Post Graduate
Doc
Assoc/AssistantProfessor
Full Professor
No Degree
![Page 34: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Group discussion
Discuss cases of misconduct that you have heard about in your field.
Suggest ways to avoid misconduct.
(10 min)
![Page 35: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Take home message
Over many centuries, researchers have developedprofessional standards designed to enhance theprogress of science and to avoid or minimize thedifficulties of research (Susan H. Frey, 2012).
Among ethical standards of researchers: honesty,objectivity, openness, respect for intellectual property,Confidentiality, Responsible Publication, ResponsibleMentoring, Non‐Discrimination, social responsibility,legality. Ethical standards also cover animal use, humansubjects research and biosafety issues.
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
![Page 36: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Objectives:The participants will :Define who can be an authorDebate how to acknowledge the contributions of othersPresent ways to avoid plagiarism
AUTHORSHIP & PLAGIARISM
![Page 37: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Teaching Methods
• Discussion • Assemble in groups to examine case study• Poster presentations
![Page 38: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
http://library.ucf.edu/ScholarlyCommunication/OtherModels.php
![Page 39: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
http://www.napavalley.edu/Library/Pages/ScientificInformationLiteracy.aspx
![Page 40: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ACTIVITY 1 (10 min)
WHY DO SCIENTISTS PUBLISH?
Call out reasons from your tables
![Page 41: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Why publish scientific work?• Communicate new scientific methods, findings, ideas,
and questions.• Put new methods, findings, ideas, and questions in
context of prior knowledge and others’ work.• Create a formal record of data and interpretation. • Provide standardized mechanism for peer review to
critique, validate, and promote new work.• Permit others to replicate or extend the work and
develop new questions.• Increase public awareness and understanding of
science, which may increase funding.
![Page 42: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
HAVE YOU ENCOUNTERED AUTHORSHIP PROBLEMS?
• Discuss in your group and make a list
• Report the thoughts of your colleagues
ACTIVITY 2 (10 min)
![Page 43: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Criteria for authorship Criteria are increasingly formal and stringent. Named authors get credit and take
responsibility for the contents of the paper and the conduct of the research that it reports.
Authorship implies a substantive intellectualcontribution, but “significant” may vary by field, journal, and study.
Journals increasingly require authors to specify their respective contributions in writing in a formal declaration or checklist.
![Page 44: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
COMPILE A LIST OF AUTHORSHIP CRITERIA
ACTIVITY 2 (cont. ‐5 min)
![Page 45: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Criteria for authorship
1. Substantial contributions to conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for the work;2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;3. Final approval of the version to be published;4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part … are appropriately investigated and resolved.
ALL AUTHORS SHOULD MEET CONDITIONS 1,2,3 and 4
http://www.icmje.orgInternational Committee of Medical Journal Editors
![Page 46: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Plagiarism
Objectives:
• Participants will be able to – recognize and define different types of plagiarism– develop methods to avoid plagiarism
![Page 47: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
“(T)he theft or misappropriation of intellectual property and the substantial unattributed textual copying of another's work.”
US Office of Research Integrity, Newsletter,Vol. 3, No. 1, December 1994
“Appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.”
OSTP Definition of Research Misconduct(65 FR 76260-76264, December 2000)
PLAGIARISM
![Page 48: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Types of plagiarism
![Page 49: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
When in doubt…include the citation
• Citation identifies the source and authority of the material, and attributes credit and responsibility for the work.
• Direct quotes always need a citation, even quotes from a textbook, but direct quotes should be used only when the specific language is essential.
• “Common knowledge” and specialized terms may still need a citation.
• Formats vary by field and journal – check the Instructions to Contributors.
• Citation also shows that YOU know the literature.
![Page 50: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Complete the phrases:
• Publication of research helps investigators….
• Pressure to publish may encourage…
• We can discourage plagiarism in our institutions by…
![Page 51: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
questions for final discussion
1. Do the journals that you read have formal criteria for authorship? If so, where can you find them?
2. What does the order of authorship mean? (What did the first, second, third,… last author DO?)
3. How many authors do papers in your field usually have? What is a “reasonable” number of authors on a paper ?
4. How can co-authors be sure of the integrity of their colleagues’ work?
5. Hwang’s co-authors include trainees who gave oocytes to his research. Is this appropriate?
6. Was Gerald Schatten appropriately included as an author under ICMJE guidelines?
7. What are some strategies to reduce conflicts over authorship?
![Page 52: Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Casenas-sites.org/responsiblescience/files/2016/06/Manglaore-Stem-intro... · Overview: the Korean Stem Cell Case LEARNING GOAL • Understand ethical](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602bef6598ecdd4d7d6baf4b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Goals: Using the Hwang stem cell case and other materials, students will understand contemporary issues in misconduct, authorship and plagiarism.
Objectives: Participants will be able to:
– Compile a list of research misconduct and unethical behaviors
– Define who can be an author– Know how to acknowledge others’ contributions– Describe professional standards of plagiarism– Describe how to avoid plagiarism