Overview Resource Planning Pacific NW Waterways Association Kevin Watkins June 27, 2011.
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Transcript of Overview Resource Planning Pacific NW Waterways Association Kevin Watkins June 27, 2011.
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OverviewOverview
ResourceResourcePlanningPlanning
Pacific NW Waterways AssociationPacific NW Waterways AssociationKevin WatkinsKevin WatkinsJune 27, 2011June 27, 2011
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TopicsTopics
• Ocean Wave Energy Demo ProjectOcean Wave Energy Demo Project
• Coffin Butte Resource ProjectCoffin Butte Resource Project
• Technology trackingTechnology tracking
• Energy storage Energy storage
• High wind/high water High wind/high water
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AboutAbout PNGC PowerPNGC Power
• Generation & transmission cooperativeGeneration & transmission cooperative
• 16 members/owners operating in 7 PNW states16 members/owners operating in 7 PNW states
• JOE JOE JJoint oint OOperating perating EEntity ntity (( “power pool”) “power pool”)
• SSmart mart GGrid rid IInvestment nvestment GGrant recipient rant recipient
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Members/OwnersMembers/Owners
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AboutAbout ElectricityElectricity
• Electricity Electricity type of energy type of energy (“electrical energy”)(“electrical energy”)
• Other types of energy “converted” to electricity Other types of energy “converted” to electricity – Conversion technologies: Conversion technologies: generatorsgenerators, P/V cells, etc., P/V cells, etc.– Conversion “rate” = Conversion “rate” = powerpower (units: Watts (units: Watts W, kW, MW) W, kW, MW)
– 1 MW = 1,341 Hp1 MW = 1,341 Hp
• Instantaneous balance!Instantaneous balance! Supply Supply (“generation”) (“generation”) = Demand = Demand (“loads”)(“loads”)
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Ocean Wave Energy Demo ProjectOcean Wave Energy Demo Project
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Ocean wave formationOcean wave formation
Sunlight >>Sunlight >>
Temperature & pressure differentials Temperature & pressure differentials >>>>
Winds (over Oceans) >>Winds (over Oceans) >>
Ocean WavesOcean Waves
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Wave energy technologiesWave energy technologies
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11stst wave energy project wave energy project (Spain)(Spain)
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Ocean wave resource potentialOcean wave resource potential
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Estimated wave energy
Oregon Coast Wave Energy Profile
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Project descriptionProject description
• Developer: Ocean Power Technologies (OPT)Developer: Ocean Power Technologies (OPT)(PNGC Power providing funding, support, PPA)(PNGC Power providing funding, support, PPA)
• Generation capacity: 1.5 MWGeneration capacity: 1.5 MW(10 -150 KW buoys)(10 -150 KW buoys)
• ScheduleSchedule– Phase 1: Phase 1: (Sept 2011): (Sept 2011): one buoy for data collectionone buoy for data collection– Phase 2: (August 2012): deploy nine more buoys; Phase 2: (August 2012): deploy nine more buoys;
interconnect w/Douglas Electric; begin ~2 year demointerconnect w/Douglas Electric; begin ~2 year demo
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ProjectProjectlocationlocation
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Buoy dimensions(feet)
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POWERBUOY
ASSUMED DEPTH - 200’
TENDON LINE
CATENARY LINE – 117’
24.6’
50’
50’
SUBSURFACE FLOAT
MOORING BRIDLE
20.3’
105.1’
50’
DATE: 12/2/2009 Rev 3 ©2009 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc.
DRAWING NOT TO SCALEDIMENSIONS SHOWN IN FEET
PRELIMINARY DRAWING
ANCHOR
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Objective: Objective: project informationproject information
• Resource characteristicsResource characteristics– Availability Availability (seasonal, daily, etc.)(seasonal, daily, etc.)– Compatibility with other usesCompatibility with other uses
– PredictabilityPredictability
• Conversion technology performanceConversion technology performance– Operations Operations (efficiency, generation during storms, etc.)(efficiency, generation during storms, etc.) – Reliability Reliability (forced outages, maintenance, etc.)(forced outages, maintenance, etc.)
– CostCost
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Project opportunity?Project opportunity?
• Verify renewable resource Verify renewable resource • Confirm generation predictabilityConfirm generation predictability• Define O&M cost characteristicsDefine O&M cost characteristics• Simplify integrationSimplify integration
(for direct generation-to-member connections)(for direct generation-to-member connections)• Provide “scalable” capacity additions Provide “scalable” capacity additions
– Shorter development cycle Shorter development cycle (e.g.,18-24 months)(e.g.,18-24 months)– Smaller capacity additions Smaller capacity additions (e.g.,10-20 MW)(e.g.,10-20 MW)
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Coffin Butte Resource ProjectCoffin Butte Resource Project
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Biomass energy: Biomass energy: llandandffill ill ggas as (“LFG”)(“LFG”)
• LFG formed via biological process:LFG formed via biological process: methanagenic anaerobic bacteriamethanagenic anaerobic bacteria
• Biomass Biomass methane (CH methane (CH44) )
• LFG methane content: 50-55%LFG methane content: 50-55%
• VeryVery challenging collection & challenging collection &combustion control processescombustion control processes
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Process Process LFG LFG electricity electricity
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OverviewOverview
• Owner: Owner: Power Resources Cooperative (PRC)Power Resources Cooperative (PRC)• DescriptionDescription
– 5.7 MW landfill gas-to-energy facility5.7 MW landfill gas-to-energy facility– Technology: Advanced IC enginesTechnology: Advanced IC engines– Commercial operations: October 1995 (2.5 MW)Commercial operations: October 1995 (2.5 MW)– Phase II operations: October 2007 (+ 3.2 MW)Phase II operations: October 2007 (+ 3.2 MW)
• Phase III planningPhase III planning– Timing: 2012-2013?Timing: 2012-2013?– Major issues: fuel supply & air quality permittingMajor issues: fuel supply & air quality permitting
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CAT 3520 engine-generator CAT 3520 engine-generator (1.6 MW)(1.6 MW)
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Technology TrackingTechnology Tracking
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Compressor Station Heat RecoveryCompressor Station Heat Recovery
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Technology illustrationTechnology illustration
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Preliminary evaluationPreliminary evaluation
• PROPRO– No No incrementalincremental CO CO22 production production
– Siting & permitting relatively straightforwardSiting & permitting relatively straightforward– Remotely operated & monitoredRemotely operated & monitored
(with organic working fluid)(with organic working fluid)
• CONCON– Coordination with pipeline owner/operatorCoordination with pipeline owner/operator– Non-dispatchable generationNon-dispatchable generation– Interconnection & integration requirementsInterconnection & integration requirements
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Biomass CogenerationBiomass Cogeneration
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Biomass resourcesBiomass resources
• Type: Residue fuels (“woody biomass”)Type: Residue fuels (“woody biomass”)– Mill residuesMill residues– Unused logging slashUnused logging slash– Forest thinning residuesForest thinning residues
• Issue: Issue: SupplySupply– Competing uses (e.g., landscaping materials)Competing uses (e.g., landscaping materials)– Implementing long-term activities on public landsImplementing long-term activities on public lands– Sensitivity to prevailing economic cyclesSensitivity to prevailing economic cycles
• Risk: new regulations re: biomass burningRisk: new regulations re: biomass burning
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Cogeneration operationsCogeneration operations
• Concept: Concept: coco-generate with same fuel & systems-generate with same fuel & systems– ElectricityElectricity– Process steamProcess steam
• Shared costsShared costs– FuelFuel– EquipmentEquipment– O&MO&M
• Major benefit Major benefit Efficiency Efficiency
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Cogeneration Cogeneration issuesissues
• Coordinate “steam” Coordinate “steam” ++ “electric” loads “electric” loads• Allocation of costs & benefits Allocation of costs & benefits • Consistent reliability standards Consistent reliability standards • O&M staffing & practicesO&M staffing & practices• Upgrade planning Upgrade planning (e.g., electrical system only)(e.g., electrical system only) • Limited distance for steam transport Limited distance for steam transport • Others!Others!
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Large-scale Large-scale pphotohotovvoltaic oltaic (PV)(PV)
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PROPRO
• VeryVery positive public perception positive public perception
• SustainableSustainable (vs. more limited “renewable” term)(vs. more limited “renewable” term)
• No No operatingoperating CO CO22 cost/penalty exposure cost/penalty exposure
• Good coincidence with Good coincidence with summer-peaking loadssummer-peaking loads
• Costs largely fixed (e.g., debt service)Costs largely fixed (e.g., debt service)
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CONCON
• Intermittent outputIntermittent output
• Poor coincidence with Poor coincidence with winter-peaking loadswinter-peaking loads
• Large land area requirementLarge land area requirement(500 acres (380 football fields!) for 50 MW facility)(500 acres (380 football fields!) for 50 MW facility)
• Regulation & load following reserves Regulation & load following reserves (costs??)(costs??)
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Energy storageEnergy storage
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Energy storage overviewEnergy storage overview
• Concept: Concept: electricity electricity “storable” energy “storable” energy• FunctionsFunctions
– Operational supportOperational support– ““Firm” intermittent resourcesFirm” intermittent resources– Optimize market transactionsOptimize market transactions– Integrate with Smart GridIntegrate with Smart Grid
operationsoperations– Others!Others!
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Pumped hydroPumped hydro
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Pumped hydro Pumped hydro (cont.)(cont.)
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BatteriesBatteries
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CCompressed ompressed AAir ir EEnergy nergy SStoragetorage
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High wind/high waterHigh wind/high water
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Wind generation capacity Wind generation capacity
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High windHigh wind
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High waterHigh water
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SpillSpill
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Issues!Issues!
System stabilitySystem stability
Transmission accessTransmission access
Operational priorityOperational priority
COSTSCOSTS
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Next step?Next step?
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Courtesy NASA
Thank you!
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Supplemental InformationSupplemental Information
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Wave development Wave development
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Wave motionWave motion
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Waves “breaking” at shorelineWaves “breaking” at shoreline
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Milankovitch CyclesMilankovitch Cycles
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Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) Levels) Levels
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Hydrogen Hub Feasibility StudyHydrogen Hub Feasibility Study
• ConceptConcept
Renewable energy =>Renewable energy =>
Ammonia synthesis Ammonia synthesis (fuel) (fuel) =>=>
Dispatchable generationDispatchable generation• ConclusionsConclusions
– Ammonia synthesis/generation technically feasible Ammonia synthesis/generation technically feasible – Much uncertainty!Much uncertainty!
• NW Hydrogen Alliance seeking demo project $ NW Hydrogen Alliance seeking demo project $
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Modular Nuclear Study CommitteeModular Nuclear Study Committee
• Energy Northwest Energy Northwest study group coordination study group coordination• Objective: Objective: preliminarypreliminary technology evaluation technology evaluation
– Modularity/scalabilityModularity/scalability– Light-water reactor designLight-water reactor design– Can obtain NRC Design Certification?Can obtain NRC Design Certification?
• Key issuesKey issues– USDOE cost sharing USDOE cost sharing – Cost-effectiveness Cost-effectiveness – Waste fuel managementWaste fuel management– Others!Others!
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Typical modular design Typical modular design (45 MW) (45 MW)
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Next stepsNext steps
• Select preferred vendor to continueSelect preferred vendor to continue “due diligence” study “due diligence” study
• Better define overall economics Better define overall economics • Seek USDOE cost-sharingSeek USDOE cost-sharing
– Combined Operating License Combined Operating License (estimated $50M!)(estimated $50M!)
– Reference plantReference plant
• Increase communication activities Increase communication activities
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Challenging maritime conditionsChallenging maritime conditions
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Balancing Authorities Balancing Authorities (formerly “Control Areas”)(formerly “Control Areas”)
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PNW transmission constraints PNW transmission constraints
Blue are internal to BPA system (flowgates); red are interchange constraints
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Environmental DispatchEnvironmental Dispatch
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Interchange Interchange