Overview of Spss

Overview of

Overview of

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez / Ryan T. Descallar

Training on Data Analysis Using SPSS

20-24 October 2008

UPPI Computer Laboratory

Outline of Presentation

Uses of SPSS in Data Analysis

Starting an SPSS Session

SPSS Editors/W

indows

Menu System: Options available in the Editors

Toolbars

Dialog Boxes

Reading a data file

The Data View

The Variable View

Reading an Excel worksheet file

Working with syntax

Saving files

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar


20-24 October 2008


SSta

tistical

tatistical

PPackage for th

e

ackage for th

e

SSocial

ocial

SSciences

ciences



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Statistical Package for the

Social Sciences (SPSS)

A comprehensive integrated software

package for statistical data analysis.



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Uses of SPSS

Uses of SPSS



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SPSS allows you to

Store data

Manipulate data

Transform

and create new variables

Produce charts and graphs of results

Perform

statistical analyses



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In SPSS,

Data are entered using a spreadsheet and

results are displayed in a separate output

window.

The data and output can be saved

independently for the next work session.

The output tables can be copied to word

processing or presentation applications for

inclusion in papers or presentation slides.



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Starting an SPSS

Session



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To start an SPSS session:

Double click the SPSS icon using the left

mouse button

OR

Select SPSS from the 'Programs' list in the

menu

Double click on SPSS 16 for Windows



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SPSS Editors/Windows



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SPSS Editors/W

indows

1.Data Editor

Displays the contents of the data file

Comprised of the:

Data View sheet -allows one to edit the

data

Variable View

sheet -allows one to edit

inform

ation about the data



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SPSS Editors/W

indows

2.Output Viewer

Displays all statistical results, tables and

charts

Opens automatically when the first piece

of output is produced in an SPSS session

Note: Output may be edited using the

various editor windows and saved for

later use.



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SPSS Editors/W

indows

3.Syntax W

indow

SPSS Syntax m

ay be written or pasted

into this window, usually for the purpose

of adding commands not available

through the dialog boxes or for

automating data analysis or file

manipulation procedures.



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4.Pivot Table Editor

Allows the m

odification of Output displayed in

Pivot Tables

Text may be edited, data in the tables may be

swapped, color may be added and results may

be selectively shown or hidden

5.Text Output Editor

Allows the m

odification of Text output not

displayed in pivot tables

In addition to editing the text, font

characteristics may also be changed

Other SPSS Editors/W

indows



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Other SPSS Editors/W

indows

6.Standard Charts Editor

Allows for the m

odification of standard

charts and plots

7.Interactive Charts Editor

Allows for the m

odification of three-

dimensional high-resolution charts



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Each window has its own specific

menu system and toolbar.

Menu System and Toolbar



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Menu System of the Data Editor

Options available in the Data Editor Window



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File

To create a new SPSS file, open an existing file, or

read spreadsheet or database files created by

other software programs, to print the contents of

the Data Editor and to exit the system

Edit

To cut, copy and paste data values, to find data

values and to change option settings

View

To display gridlines, labels, the status bar and

toolbars, and to change the display font

Data Editor Window: Options



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Data

To m

ake global changes to SPSS data files, such

as merging files and creating subsets of cases for

analysis

Note: Changes are only temporary and do not affect the

perm

anent file unless you explicitly save the file with

these changes.

Transform

To m

ake changes to selected variables in the data

file and to compute new variables based on the

values of existing ones




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Analyze

To select the various statistical procedures you

want to use, e.g., cross tabulation, analysis of

variance, correlation and linear regression

Graphs

To create bar charts, pie charts, histograms,

scatter plots and other full-color, high-resolution

graphs

Note: Some statistical procedures also generate graphs.

Note: All graphs can be customized with the Chart

Editor.




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Utilities

To display inform

ation on the contents of an SPSS

data file, or to control the list of variables that

appear in the various dialog boxes

Window

To switch between SPSS windows and m

anipulate

how they appear on the screen

Help

Offers a range of procedures containing inform

ation

on how to use the m

any features of SPSS

Note: Context sensitive help is also available through the

dialog boxes, and through activated pivot tables by

clicking the right mouse button on the item required.




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All options available in the Data Editor except

Transform

.

Additional option: Run

Use the Run option to execute commands written in

the syntax window.

All

To run all commands

Selection

To run a selection of commands

Current

To execute the current command

To End

To execute the commands from a specific

point up to the end of the program

statements

Syntax Editor Window: Options



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All options in the Syntax Editor except

Run.

Additional options: Insertand Form

at

Both options are useful in enhancing the

form

at of the output.

Output Editor Window: Options



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Present in all Editors/Windows

Provides quick and easy access to m

any frequently

used facilities and contains commands specific to

that particular window

The function of any tool can be obtained by placing

the cursor over the tool in question and referring to

the left of the status bar at the bottom of the

application window, or the explanation label that

appears.

The Tool Bar



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The Dialog Box



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Dialog Box

A special window that appears when

procedures are requested

The m

ain dialog box for statistical procedures

and charts has the ff. components:

Source variable list

Shows the variables in the working data file

Note: Only variable types allowed by the selected

procedure are displayed in the source list.

Target variable list

Displays the variables you have chosen for the analysis



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Dialog Box



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Options

buttons

Command buttons

Dialog Box



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Dialog Box: Command Buttons

Buttons that instruct SPSS to perform

an action

Execute the procedure as set up in the dialog box

Cancel the options requested and quit the dialog box without

executing the procedure

Paste SPSS command syntax into the Syntaxwindow

Cancel any specification m

ade within the dialog box but keeps

the box open to enable you to request new output

Activate the relevant area of the SPSS Help facility. This is

context sensitive so selecting the Helpbutton in the

Frequencies command will provide help in generating

univariate tables.



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Opening a Data File Prof.

Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar


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The Data View A spreadsheet that displays

the actual data values or

defined value labels



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The Data View

Title bar

Displays the name of application, SPSS

and the current window.



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The Data View

Active W

indow

The window you are currently using or that is

currently selected.

Keystrokes and commands are applied to the

active window.



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The Data View

Menu Bar

Clicking once on a word on a m

enu bar opens the

associated m

enu, from which you can select a

command.



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The Data View

Tool Bar

Contains commands specific to that particular window



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The Data View

Spreadsheet

Area where one enter the values and

define the variables

Each column refers to a variable and

each row refers to a case



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The Data View

Active Cell

The cell in which typing will appear and

indicated by a dark border

A different cell can be m

ade active

active by clicking on it, or by using the

tab, return, and cursor key to m

ove to it



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The Variable View

A spreadsheet that lists all the

variables rather than data

Contains inform

ation about all

the variables

Rows are variables; columns

are variable attributes Pro

f. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar


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Variable Attributes

1. Name

-Variable name

(No m

ore than 8

characters in length)

2.

Type

-Type of variable

(Numeric, String or Others)

3.

Width

-Character width of the variable

4.

Decimals

-Number of decimal places

5.

Label

-Variable label for the variable

(Can be up to 256characters long)

6.

Values

-Value labels for any category codes

(Can be up to 60characters long)



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Variable Attributes

7.

Missing

-Specifies which codes should be treated

as missing and hence excluded from

most analyses

8.

Columns-

Changes the display width of the

column (Note: This can also be done

directly in the data viewer using the

mouse.)

9.

Align

-Specifies the alignment of values within

the column

10.Measurement-Level of measurement for the variable

(Note: The term

'Scale' indicates a

continuous variable)



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SPSS can read a

work

sheet and g

iven a

range

to read, m

ake a

copy o

f th

e d

ata

in its

own

data

window.

Rules w

hen readin

g d

ata

fro

m a

spre

adsheet

to S

PSS:

SPSS a

ssum

es a

ll the info

rmation that it is

readin

g a

re d

ata

valu

es.

The location o

f th

e v

ariable n

am

es should b

e

specified to d

iffe

rentiate

betw

een the v

ariable

nam

es a

nd d

ata

valu

es.

It classifies d

ata

valu

es in term

s o

f th

e d

ata

type

(e.g

., w

heth

er th

e colu

mns conta

in strin

g o

r num

eric d

ata

).

Reading an Excel worksheet file



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Working with Syntax



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Working with syntax

SPSS provides a powerful command language that

allows you to save and automate m

any common

tasks. It also provides some functionality not found in

the m

enus and dialog boxes



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Working with syntax

A command syntax file is simply a text

file that contains SPSS commands.

You can open a syntax window and

type commands directly, but it is often

easier to let the dialog boxes do some

or all of the work for you.



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The easiest way to create syntax is to use the Paste

buttonlocated on m

ost dialog boxes

Creating a syntax file



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Syntax rules

Each command m

ust begin on a new line and end

with a period (.).

Most subcommands are separated by slashes (/).

The slash before the first subcommand on a command is

usually optional.

Command syntax is case insensitive, and three-letter

abbreviations can be used for many command

specifications.

Ex.:

fre can be used for FREQUENCIES

Variable names must be spelled out fully. Pro

f. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar


20-24 October 2008


Syntax rules

Text included within apostrophes or quotation m

arks

must be contained on a single line.

Each line of command syntax cannot exceed 80

characters.

You can use as many lines as you want to specify a

single command.

You can add space or break lines at almost any point

where a single blank is allowed, such as around

slashes, parentheses, arithmetic operators, or

between variable names.



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Saving files

To save a file, make that particular window active.

Once you have activated the desired window, click

on File and then Save.

SPSS automatically adds a three-letter suffix to the

end of the file name

.sps

Syntax file

.spv

Output file

.sav

Data file

Suffix

Type of file

Thus, with a particular

data set, use a single

name for the prefix of all

three files and let the

suffix distinguish among

the different file types.



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Now were ready to create a

sample data



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Overview of Spss

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