Overview of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Speciated Mercury
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 - Overview of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Speciated Mercury Huiting Mao Department of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
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Overview of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Speciated Mercury. Huiting Mao Department of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Great temporal variabilityies & Large heterogeneous spatial distributions of sources & sinks. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Overview of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Speciated Mercury
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Overview of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Speciated Mercury
Huiting MaoDepartment of Chemistry
State University of New YorkCollege of Environmental Science and Forestry
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Great temporal variabilityies &Large heterogeneous spatial distributions
of sources & sinks
Distinctly different spatiotemporal variations of Hg0, RGM, and Hgp in various environments:
• Marine boundary layer• Land: urban, suburban, rural, remote• High elevation, high altitudes• Latitudinal variation
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Marine Boundary Layer
Slemr and Langer, 1992, Nature
Increasing TGM from SH to NH, indicating anthropogenic influence
Oct – Nov 1990
2.25 ng m-3
1.5 ng m-3
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Xia et al., 2010, AE
Anthropogenic influence on the coasts
NH: 1.746± 0.513 ng m-3
SH: 1.471±0.842 ng m-3
Kang&Xie et al., 2011, AE
Anthropogenic; oxidation; volcanic emissions
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Tseng et al., 2012, acp
South China Sea – East Asian Monsoon
Slemr et al., 2008,GRL
Gulf of Maine
Annual max in summer – emissions?Mace head: 1996 - 2009
Ebinghaus et al., 2011, AE
(Mao and Talbot, 2012, acp)
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Tseng et al., 2012South China Sea
Time (UTC) 0 6 12 18 0
Hg
o (p
pq
v)
100
120
140
160
180
Summer 07 Summer 08 Summer 09 Summer 10
Gulf of Maine (Mao and Talbot, 2012, acp)
Tropical Pacific Wang et al., 2014, acp
0:00:00 6:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 0:00:00
RG
M (p
pq
v) 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Spring 2008
Spring 2009
Spring 2010
Time (UTC)
00:00:00 06:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 00:00:00
Hg
p (p
pq
v)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Summer 2009
Summer 2010
Gulf of Maine
Holmes et al, 2009, AE
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Urban, Suburban, Rural, Remote
Time (UTC)
0:00:00 6:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 0:00:00
RG
M (p
pq
v) 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Spring 2007
Spring 2008
Spring 2009
Spring 2010
Time (UTC) 00:00:00 06:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 00:00:00
Hg
o (p
pq
v)
100
120
140
160
180
Summer 04Summer 05Summer 06 Summer 07Summer 08Summer 09Summer 10
Time (UTC)
0:00:00 6:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 0:00:00
Hg
p (p
pq
v)
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
Spring 2009
Spring 2010
Nair et al., 2011, AESoutheast US: 2005 - 2008Suburb Urban-industrialRural
Northeastern US rural (Mao and Talbot, 2012, acp)
Western US: Jun – Aug 2007 Weiss-Penzias et al., 2009, JGR
Great Lakes: Jul – Nov 2007 Gratz et al., 2013, STOTEN
Chicago Holland
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Houston, TX Lan et al., 2014, Atmos.
UrbanSub-urban
Rural
Lan et al., 2012, acp
US
Summer 2009 Spring 2009 Summer 2009
Nanjing, ChinaZhu et al., 2012, acp
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Temme et al., 2007, AECAMNet: 1995 - 2005
The largest declines of 17% and 13% over the study period in Montreal, Toronto, respectively, driven by local to regional emission changes
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
High elevation, High altitudes
Zhu et al., 2008, J. Mt. Sci.
Mount Gongga 1640 asl
Storm Peak, 3200m asl Fain et al., 2009, acp
Sheu et al., 2010, AELulin, 2862 aslGEM: 1.6 ngm−3, RGM: 20 pgm−3 Hgp: 9 pgm−3
Mt. Bachelor 2700 m asl Swartzendruber et al. (2006, JGR)
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Radke et al., 2007
Mao et al., 2011
Asian side
CA side
Springtime Arctic
Swartzendruber et al., 2008
Pacific Northwest
Grand Bay Intensive, North of Gulf of Mexico
Ren et al., 2014, Atmos.
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Latitudinal Variation
Talbot et al., 2008, acp
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Long-term Trends
Slemr et al., 2011, ACP
Ebinghaus et al., 2011, AE
Mace Head
-0.028 ± 0.01 ng m-3 yr-1
SH: -2.7% yr-1
Cape Point: −0.034±0.005 ng m-3 yr-1
Decreased legacy emissions?
NH: -1.4 % yr-1
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Trends in TGM at all sites for 2000–2009 and Mace Head, Ireland for 1996–2009.
Cole et al., 2013, acp
MidlatitudesSub-Arctic
Alert, 2002 - 2009
Arctic
Increased RGM in Arctic May, Increased TPM in Arctic spring
Increased oxidation
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Soerensen et al., 2012, GRL
“Caused by decreasing Hg inputs from rivers and wastewater and by changes in the oxidant chemistry of the atmospheric marine boundary layer”
Decline of Hgo over the NA Ocean
Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Need to Know:
• Global distribution of Hg0, RGM, and HgP
• The processes controlling spatiotemporal variabilities in speciated Hg in different environments
• Long term trends in Hg0 – causes?
