Dr.Kedar Karki

Public Health Public Health comprises of all analytical and

organizational efforts that are aimed to promote and improve the health of the community.

Objectives of Public Health

1. Ensure adequate levels of nutrition of the community

2. Prevention and control of human and zoonoticdiseases

3. Prevention and control of food borne diseases

4. Reduce health risks related to poor basic hygiene, sanitation

5. Promote waste disposal & management practices

6. Prevent occurrence of natural disasters and accidents

Public health problems affecting developing countries

· Inadequate levels of nutrition

· Low standards of basic hygiene and sanitation practices and infrastructure

· High prevalence of controllable infections

· Poor food hygiene and handling practices leading to food borne diseases

· Accumulation of waste in the environment

Public health problems affecting developing countries · Contamination of water sources and Inadequate

supply of potable water

· Proliferation of Informal settlements with unsuitable housing facilities·

Accidents (road air and rail, fire outbreaks)

· Natural disasters: floods, droughts, earthquakes.

Public health activities that enhance the health of the community 1. Proper nutrition of the population by provision of adequate

quantity of safe quality food 2. Protection of water resources from contamination and

provision of potable and adequate water supplies 3. Identification, prevent and control of diseases in the

community 4. Proper design of houses and premises to provide for adequate

space, natural lighting, ventilation, sanitary facilities and safety 5. Ensuring basic hygiene and sanitation in and around human

habitation

Public health activities that enhance the health of the community 6. Food protection and control to prevent contamination with disease

agents and hazardous chemicals (pesticides, herbicides antibiotic residues, heavy

metals, food additives, hormones, etc) in food 7. Environmental protection through prevention of environmental

pollution with hazardous chemicals and infectious disease agents 8. Pest and vector Control: Design and implement strategies to deal

with mosquitoes, tsetse flies, snails, other disease vectors and pests. 9. Radiation control: Limit use of radiation to essential services e.g. X-

rays for medical diagnosis, promotion of proper use of radiation and disposal of

radioactive materials

Veterinary Public Health Veterinary Public Health (VPH) is a component of public

health that is devoted to the

application of professional veterinary knowledge, skills andresources to the protection and improvement of humanhealth. VPH contributes to the physical and social wellbeing of humans through an understanding andapplication of veterinary science. Many human diseases aretransmitted through foods of animal origin especiallymeat, milk, eggs and fish, while others are transmittedthrough contact with infected animals or materials frominfected animals. VPH is therefore devoted to the followingspecific aims:

Specific aims: 1. Provision of hygienically safe and nutritionally

adequate animal derived food for

human consumption.

2. Prevention of zoonotic diseases and otheroccupational hazards to animal owners

3. Prevention of environmental contamination fromagricultural and veterinary related activities.

The specific aims of Veterinary Public Health are achieved through the following activities:

· Prevention and control of Infectious/zoonoticdiseases in animals

· Ensuring of proper design, siting,construction,operation and hygiene of animalslaughter facilities

· Inspection of animals offered for slaughter to ensurethat they are free from infectious and zoonoticdiseases

· Inspection and quality assurance of meat to ensure itssuitability for human consumption

The specific aims of Veterinary Public Health are achieved through the following activities:

· Inspection and quality assurance of fish to ensure its suitability for human consumption.

· Ensure proper disposal of dead animals or condemned carcasses/organs after slaughter.

· Ensure hygiene of milk and milk processing plants.

·Prevention and control of chemical residues in food.

Prevention is better than cure Better biosecurity in holdings

Surveillance (active and passive):

In holdings

Before and during transport

At place of destination (slaughterhouse!)

Any other place and/or source

Importance of meat inspection for animal health Ante and post mortem inspection are cornerstones for

animal disease surveillance

Slaughterhouse is a focal point where animal diseases can be detected

Confirms and supplements data from other sources

Beyond decision on meat: a public good function

Importance of the meat inspection in international trade The respect of international standards in meat

inspection:

• facilitates international trade

• grants the health requirements are respected

Animal health surveillance

Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspectionsInspections of animals at slaughterhouses provide valuable surveillance data. The sensitivity and specificity of slaughterhouse inspection for detecting the presence of specified diseases under the inspection system in place should be pre-determined.

Control of biological hazards of animal health and public health importance through ante- and post-mortem meat inspection

Inspection of animals at slaughter can provide a valuable contribution to surveillance for certain diseases of animal and public health importance. Control and/or reduction of biological hazards of animal and public health importance by ante- and post-mortem meat inspection are a core responsibility of Veterinary Services.

Import now Ante mortem inspection „shown no evidence of

diseases…”

Animal Health conclusions Prevention is better than cure

Ramifications for imports

Professional qualifications are key

Meat inspection as part of a system

Cost-benefit must be considered

In line with the hygiene package Operators to take ownership of animal welfare

Standard Operating Procedures

Monitoring the effect of stunning on animals

Determining key paramaters of stunning

Thanks for your Attention.