Overview of protozoa
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Overview of Protozoa
Biology
Lipscomb Academy
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Characteristics
• Definition- ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS single-celled microscopic organisms that are noted for their ability to move independently
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Characteristics
• Most are heterotrophic– Break down small molecules or cells in food
vacuoles
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Characteristics
• Some are free-living and others are parasitic
Some human diseasescaused by protozoa are
malariaamebic dysentery,
and giardiasis
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Reproduction
• Asexual- usually by binary fission• Some sexual by conjugation- an exchange
of genetic material
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Classification
• Domain- Eukarya• Kingdom- Protista
– Along with algae, slime molds, and water molds
• Four phyla are usually used– Protozoa– Ciliophora– Sarcomastigophora– Apicomplexa
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Adaptations
• Eyespot- localized region of pigment that can detect changes in the quantity and quality of light
• Cyst- dormant form of a protozoan that has a hardened outer covering to help them survive harsh conditions
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Phylum Protozoa
• Hundreds of species of ameba• Live in sand; mud; rocks; and shallow,
slow moving streams and ponds
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Phylum Protozoa
• Pseudo- false• Podia- foot• Pseudopodia- cytoplasmic extensions
pushed out from the amoeba
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Phylum Protozoa
• Endoplasm- the inner portion of the cytoplasm
• Ectoplasm- the outer layer of the cytoplasm
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Phylum Protozoa
• Pseudopodia is used for feeding
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Phylum Protozoa
• Some are covered with a protective shell or test
• Foraminifera- tests made of calcium carbonate
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Phylum Protozoa
• Radiolarians
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Phylum Protozoa
• Human Disease – Amebic dysentery
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Phylum Ciliophora
• 8000 species• Paramecium-
large group of ciliates
• Feed on bacteria and algae
• Covered with cilia
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Phylum Ciliophora
• Pellicle- clear elastic layer of protein that surrounds the cell membrane
• Oral Groove- funnel-like depression lined with cilia that sweeps food down into the mouth pore
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Phylum Ciliophora
• Gullet- forms food vacuoles• Anal pore- where waste is expelled• Macronucleus- multiple copies of DNA and
sexual reproduction
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Phylum Ciliophora
• Micronucleus- exchange during conjugation
• Reproduction– Binary fission– Sexual- conjugation
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Phylum Ciliophora
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• 2,500 species• One or more flagella• Primitive protozoa• Giardia lamblia
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease– Genus Trypanosoma
• Carried from host to host by blood sucking insects
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease– Trypanosomiasis- African sleeping sickness
• Tsetse fly
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Human Disease– Chagas’ disease
• Trypanosoma cruzi• Fever and severe heart damage
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Phylum Apicomplexa
• 6,000 species• Adult forms have no means of
locomotion• Most are parasitic• Toxoplasmosis- a disease that
usually causes no problem in an adult but can harm a developing fetus- common in domestic cats
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Phylum Apicomplexa• Plasmodium- malaria
– Severe chills, fever, headache, sweating, fatigue, and great thirst
– Vector- female anopheles mosquito
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