OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA'S POLICY ON INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENTdemocracy-africa.org/warc/OVERVIEW OF...
Transcript of OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA'S POLICY ON INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENTdemocracy-africa.org/warc/OVERVIEW OF...
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REVIEW OF NIGERIA'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
BY
ENGR. (DR.) SOLOMON NYAGBA FNSE
1st Deputy President, Abuja Chamber Of Commerce‘
Consultant Energy/Infrastructure
African Business Roundtable (ABR)
Former MD/CEO Benue Cement Co. Plc.
Gboko Nigeria
Presentation at the West African Regional Conference on Smart, Appropriate Technologies for Rural Communities
Date: July 9 – 11, 2009
Abuja, Nigeria
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REVIEW OF NIGERIA'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
BY
ENGR. (DR.) SOLOMON NYAGBA
Presentation Outline Introduction
Brief Review of National Policy on Integrated Rural
Development
Analysis of the Policy using SWOT Principles
Renewable Energy – A Key Implementation of Federal
Government Policy on Smart Technologies in Rural
Communities
Conclusion and Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
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• Rural communities are the most important
sectors of the Nigerian, indeed the West
African Regional Population. There are
several reasons to support this position.
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• Agricultural and rural developments are crucial for the
structural transformation and economic development of
West Africa Region. Agriculture contributes 20 per cent
of GDP in northern Africa and 30 per cent of GDP in sub-
Saharan Africa. The rural population represents an
average of over 60 percent of the total population on the
continent; about 90 per cent of the rural labor force
engage directly or indirectly in agricultural activities. For
the continent’s rural people, accelerated agricultural and
rural development would contribute to greater efficiency,
increased household income, improved standards of
living, and poverty reduction.
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• Experience from the developed economies has
shown that a sound rural development policy
must posses the following key components:
– Must be sustainable
– Must be Efficient
– Must be Affordable
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Rural Development and Sustainability
• We must all understand that sustainable development is
a strategy by which communities seek economic
development approaches that also benefit the local
environment and quality of life. It has become an
important guide to many communities that have
discovered that traditional approaches to planning and
development are creating, rather than solving, societal
and environmental problems. Where traditional
approaches can lead to congestion, sprawl, pollution and
resource over consumption, sustainable development
offers real, lasting solutions that will strengthen our
future. 7
• Sustainable development provides a
framework under which communities can use
resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality
of life, and create new businesses to
strengthen their economies. It can help us
create healthy communities that can sustain
our generation, as well as those that follow
ours.
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• Sustainable development therefore must
meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
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• My presentation will cover a
comprehensive review of the National
Policy on integrated Rural Development
of the Nigerian Government – produced by
the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development
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• The review will also include a SWOT
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities
and Threats) analysis. SWOT analysis is a
basic technique that is often used in
strategic planning, improving corporate
success, organizational development and
identifying competitive advantage, so as to
achieve better understanding of the
proposed initiatives.
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• It will be clear from the review that the demands
of Smart, Appropriate and Resource Efficient
Technologies are not clearly defined, except in
the area of Rural Energy Supply which is
covered in the Renewable Energy Master Plan
(REMP) – policy document produced by the
Energy Commission of Nigeria.
• This aspect of the policy is like part of the
implementation strategy for Smart and Efficient
Technologies for Rural Development.
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OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA'S POLICY
ON
INTEGRATED RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
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CHAPTER 1Introduction and Background
1.1 General Introduction
1.2 Meaning and Scope of Integrated Rural Development
1.3 Integrated Rural Development and the National Interest
1.4 Rural Condition in Nigeria: An Overview
1.4.1 Dimensions of Rural Poverty
1.4.2.1 Rural Mass Deprivation
1.4.2.2 Individual Deprivation
1.5 Evolution of Integrated Rural Development Policy
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CHAPTER 2
Policy Objectives And Strategies
2.1 Policy Objectives (14)
– The overview objectives of the National Policy Integrated Rural Development
draw from the national objectives of developing the rural areas, raising the quality
of life of the rural people, alleviating rural poverty and using rural development to
contribute to laying a solid foundation for national development.
2.2 Strategies for Integrated Rural Development (5)
– To achieve integrated and even development on a sustainable basis, the
strategies to be adopted will empower rural dwellers through the development of
productive employment, enhancing their income, ensuring protection of the
environment, promoting gender responsiveness and ensuring adequate care for
vulnerable group groups.
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CHAPTER 3
Priority Areas for Integrated Rural Development
3.1 Introduction
Policies are implemented through the designed and execution of programs. The National Policy on Integrated Rural Development lays special emphasis on five areas:
3.1.1 Promotion of rural productive activities;
3.1.2 Supportive human resources development;
3.1.3 Enhancement of enabling rural Infrastructure;
3.1.4 Special programs for target groups;
3.1.5 Rural community organizations and mobilization.
CHAPTER 3Priority Areas for Integrated Rural Development
cont..
3.2 Promotion of Rural Productive Activities
3.2.1 Policy Statement
3.2.2 Objectives
3.2.3 Strategies
3.2.4 Policy Areas
3.2.4.1 Agriculture, Fisheries. Animal Husbandry and Forestry
3.2.4.2 Mineral Resources Development
3.2.4.3 Manufacturing and Industry
3.2.4.4 Marketing and Distribution
3.2.4.5 Rural Financial Systems
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CHAPTER 3 Cont….
3.3 Supportive Human Resources Development and Utilization
3.3.1 Policy Statement
3.3.2 Objectives
3.3.3 Strategies
3.3.4 Policy Areas
3.3.4.1 Health and Population
3.3.4.2 Culture and Social Development
3.3.4.3 Education, Technology and Skills Development
3.3.4.4 Research and Extension Services
3.3.4.5 Information and Communication
CHAPTER 3cont..
3.4 Enhancement of Enabling Rural Infrastructure Policy3.4.1 Policy Statement
3.4.2 Objectives
3.4.3 Strategies
3.4.4 Policy Areas
3.4.4.1 Transport Infrastructure and Facilities
3.4.4.2 Communications Infrastructure
3.4.4.3 Housing
3.4.4.4 Environment
3.4.4.5 Energy
3.4.4.6 Water and Sanitation
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CHAPTER 3cont..
3.5 Special Programs for Target Groups
3.5.1 Policy Statement
3.5.2 Objectives
3.5.3 Strategies
3.5.4 Policy Areas
3.5.4.1 Women
3.5.4.2 Youth
3.5.4.3 Children
3.5.4.4 The Elderly and the Retired
3.5.4.5 The Handicapped
3.5.4.6 Beggars and Destitute
3.5.4.7 Emergencies and Natural Disasters
3.5.4.8 Economically Disadvantaged Areas
3.5.4.9 Border Areas
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CHAPTER 3cont..
3.6 Rural Community Organization and Mobilization
3.6.1 Policy Statement
3.6.2 Objectives
3.6.3 Strategies
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CHAPTER 4
Institutional Framework
4.1 Introduction
Principle Stakeholders; (8)
1. Federal Government
2. State Government
3. Local Government
4. Communities
5. Non-Governmental Organization
6. Non-Profit Organization
7. Private Sector Enterprises
8. External Support Agencies
CHAPTER 4Institutional Framework cont..
4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders in Rural Development
4.3 Government Agencies
4.3.1 Federal Government
4.3.2 Department of Rural Development
4.3.3 State Governments
4.3.4 Local Governments Communities
4.4 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs)
and Private Sector Enterprises (PSEs)
4.6 External Agencies
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CHAPTER 5
Sustainable Funding For Integrated Rural Development
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Government Funding
5.3 Community Funding
5.4 Funding by NGOs, NPOs and PSES
5.5 Funding by External Agencies
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CHAPTER 6
Coordination, Monitoring, Evaluation And Review
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Coordination
6.3 Monitoring and Evaluation
6.4 Review
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STRENGTHS:
-Policy ensures that the private sector plays a
vital role -Policy highlights
agriculture, as it is often considered as less
'developmental'.
WEAKNESS:
-No specific policy relating to "smart
technology”.
OPPORTUNITY:
-Integrate smart appropriate, efficient
technology at the early stage of development.
-Democratic govt. which will hopefully guarantee stability.
THREAT:
-Implementation
-Resource Availability -Policy inconsistency
RENEWABLE ENERGY
A Key Implementation of
Federal Government Policy on
Smart Technologies in Rural
Communities
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates
Nigeria's vision and sets out a road map for increasing the
role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable
development.
The REMP is anchored on the mounting convergence of:
• Values,
• Principles and
• Targets as embedded in the
• National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy
(NEEDS),
• National Energy Policy,
• National Policy on Integrated Rural Development,
• The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and
• International conventions to reduce poverty and reverse global
environmental change.
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BACKGROUND …. CONTINUED
Towards the coming decades, Nigeria envisions a peaceful and
prosperous nation driven increasingly by renewable energy.
The country will exploit renewable energy in quantities and at prices
that will promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable
growth.
SHORT TERM
In the short term, crude oil will continue to play a dominant role in the
economic development of the country.
Nigeria's fossil-led economy is under severe pressure.
Decades to come, the sun will slowly but certainly set on crude oil
production.
Today, large hydropower plants are increasingly threatened by a
shrinking River Niger, shaking the security of electricity supplies.
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Nigeria envisions an energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon
intensive economy increasingly powered by gas.
Gas will represent a new growth pole and provide a bridge to a low
carbon economy that secures increased prosperity and preserves
our environment.
In the next ten years, gas is expected to overtake crude oil as a
source of revenue; provide a basis for reliable power supply and a
cleaner environment.
The effect of renewable energy in national energy supply should
begin to be felt.
Background continued
MEDIUM TERM
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Background …. Continued
Nigeria envisions a country that will significantly be less
dependent on hydrocarbons.
Energy from
• Sun,
• Modern and more efficient conversion of biomass energy,
• Small hydro plants and
• Wind along with conventional technologies, will dominate the
energy landscape needs.
Far into the future, Nigeria will join the rest of the world in
developing a hydrogen economy and in accessing the vast energy
entrapped in the oceans and in the Earth's crust.
Challenges and opportunities
This bold new vision is achievable as Nigeria addresses
present challenges.
• the reform of the policy,
• regulatory and institutional
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Challenges and Opportunities ……... CONTINUE
framework that will enable a rapid scale up of the market for renewable
energy.
• Prices and financing constraints will be addressed to create a level
playing field, and increase incentives for renewable energy.
• Poor product quality and standards must be regulated to ensure
consumer confidence and sustainability of the market.
• Public awareness and promotion will be critical elements of the drive
to expand the market for renewable energy. Lastly,
• Addressing gaps in key R&D areas and building human and
manufacturing capacities are key issues that must also be
addressed.
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DRIVERS FOR CHANGE
The demand for energy services by a huge proportion of
the population that remain inadequately served.
The commitment and completion of far reaching power sector
reforms will also create a basis to expand the role of
renewables in meeting electricity targets, especially in rural
power supply.
International development in the market for renewable
energy technologies and the actions of government bilaterally
and within multilateral bodies will help shape successes in
delivering more energy from renewable sources.
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KEY OBJECTIVES
The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a national
vision, targets and a road map for addressing key
development challenges facing Nigeria through the
accelerated development and exploitation of renewable
energy.
Put in place a comprehensive framework for developing
renewable energy policies, legal instruments, technologies,
manpower, infrastructure and market to ensure that the
visions and targets are realized.
Expanding access to energy services and raising the
standard of living, especially in the rural areas;
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Key Objective ……... CONTINUED
Stimulating economic growth, employment and
empowerment;
Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including
schools, health services, water supply, information,
entertainment and stemming the migration to urban areas;
Reducing environmental degradation and-health risks,
particularly to vulnerable groups such as women and children;
Improving learning, capacity-building, research and
development on various renewable energy technologies in the
country; and
Providing a road map for achieving a substantial share of the
national energy supply mix through renewable energy.
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Hydropower, large scale 14,000MW
Hydropower, small scale 734 MW
Fuelwood 13,071,464 hectares (forest land 1981)
Animal waste 61 million tones / yr
Crop Residue 83 million tones / yr
Solar Radiation 3.5 7.0kwh/m2-day
Wind 2-4 m/s (annual average)
Nigeria’s Renewable Resources
Energy Source Capacity
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Initial Capital Costs Electricity Generating Systems
Technology Size (KW) Initial Capital Cost ($/KW
Engine Generator
Gasoline 4 760
Diesel 20 500
Micro hydro 10 20 1,000 2,400
Photovoltaic (PV) 0.07 11,200
Photovoltaic (PV) 0.19 8,400
Wind Turbine 0.25 5,500
Wind Turbine 4 3,900
Wind Turbine 10 2,800
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Operation, Maintenance, & Fuel Costs for Different Technologies
Technology O & M Costs Fuel Costs
(cents/KWh) (cents/KWh)
Engine
Generator
2 20
Micro Hydro 2 0
Photovoltaic 0.5 0
Wind
Turbines 1 0
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Solar Energy
Solar Thermal
Biomass
Solar Photovoltaic
Wide Energy
Biogas
Hydrogen Energy
Ocean Energy
Tidal Energy
Wave Energy
Geothermal Energy
GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY
VISION
“Energy Resources, Technologies and Markets
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TARGETS
Targets for Installed Electricity Capacity (MW)
Sources 2007 2015 2025
Wind 1 20 40
Solar PV 5 75 500
Solar thermal - 1 5
Small hydro 50 600 2000
Biomass 50 400
Total 56 746 2945
ECN High Growth Scenario
Projections 7000 14000 29000
Percentage share. of projected
energy
demand
0.8 5 10
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PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND MILESTONES
The REMP sets out six distinct activities with concrete
milestones to be reached within the plan period. These
activities are organized around the following programmes:
• Framework Programme for Renewable Energy Promotion;
• Nigerian Solar Programme;
• Nigerian Small Hydro Programme;
• Nigerian Wind Programme;
• Nigerian Biomass Programme; and
• New Energy Research and Development Programme.
FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS
Meeting the targets of the Renewable Energy Master Plan will
demand significant investments in renewable energy systems.
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Policy, legal and regulatory
I framework 0 90 32 122
2 Institutional framework 0 0 0 0
3 Economics and Financing 0 70 20 90
4 Capacity Building 100 100 100 300
5 Public Awareness 10 100 100 210
6 Inter-Agency Collaboration 10 10 10 30
7 Research and Development 50 50 50 150
8 Monitoring and Evaluation 0 10 10 20
Sub-Total 170 430 322 922
Framework Programme for Renewable Energy Promotion
S/no Programmes and Activities ST (Nm) MT (Nm) LT (Nm) Total (Nm)
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BIOMASS ENERGY
S/NO ST ST MT LT Total
1 Data Acquisition 200 100 100 400
2 Capacity Building: Manpower 1082 2246 6,978 10,306
3 Market Development and
Promotion 271 315 290 876
4 Site Identification 30 90 90 2]0
5 Technology Assessment &
Review 10 10 15 35
6 Biogas Technology/Diffussion
Programme 60 120 180 360
7 Intensive Plantation of fast
growing trees100 300 600 1000
8 Capacity Building 40 50 3100 3190
Sub-Total 1,793 3,231 11,353 16,377
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SOLAR ENERGY
S/NO ST ST MT LT Total
1 Data Acquisition 40 80 100 220
2 Capacity Building :Manpower 60 240 260 560
3 Capacity Building: Manufacturing
and Production 10 100 100 210
4 Capacity Building; Support
Infrastructure 100 500 800 1400
5 Market Development and Promotion 650 1100 1100 2850
6 Research and Development
Framework 50 100 200 350
7 International, Regional and Inter-
Agency Cooperation 10 50 100 160
8 Public Awareness 10 10 50 70
9 Policy, legal, & regulatory
framework 310 345 500 1155
Sub-Total 1240 2525 3210 6975
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SMALL HYDROPOWER
S/NO Activity ST (Nm) MT (Nm) LT (Nm) Total (Nm)
1 National Survey 18 0 0 18
2 Assessment of Agricultural
& Industrial Demand 6 0 0 6
3 Implementation of Fiscal
measures 0 0 0 0
4 Codes and Standards 5 0 0 5
5 Institutional Structure 0 200 0 200
6 Power Purchase Agreement 3 0 0 3
7 Information System 4 0 0 4
8 Public Awareness 10 0 0 10
9 Domestic, Private Sector
Participation 4 0 0 4
10 Water Resource
Management 4 0 0 4
11 Pilot Schemes 14 840 1,500 2,354
12 Capacity Building 30 120 120 270
13 Research and Development 36 80 100 216
14 Private Sector Participation 0 4 6 10
Sub-Total 134 1244 1,726 .3,104
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WIND ENERGY
S/NO Activities ST MT LT Total
1 Data Acquisition 150 100 140 390
2 Data Analysis 0 0 200 200
3 Establishment of a
wind test facility 500
0
100
100
0
600
160
4Capacity Building:
Manpower 60
5
Establishment of a
Hybrid
Demonstration Plant
200 0 0 200
6 Policy Framework 10 0 0 10
7 Capacity Addition 0 170,000 380,200 550,200
8
Capacity Building;
Support
Infrastructure
0 0 30,000 30,000
Sub-Total 920 170,200 410,640 581,760
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A HYDROGEN ENERGY
S/NO Activities ST MT LT Total
1 Research and Development
Centres 5 5 50 60
2 Proposal Development 2 10 50 62
3 Appropriation 0 0 30 30
4 Budget Line 0 0 0 0
5 Commencement of
Research 10 25 0 35
Sub-Total 17 40 130 187
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OCEAN ENERGY
S/NO Activities ST MT LT Total
1 Research and Development
Centres 5 5 50 60
2 Proposal Development 2 10 50 62
3 Appropriation 0 0 30 30
4 Budget Line 0 0 0 0
5 Commencement of
Research 10 25 0 35
Sub-Total 17 40 130 187
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
S/NO Activities ST MT LT Total
1 Research and Development
Centres 5 5 50 60
2 Proposal Development 2 10 50 62
3 Appropriation 0 0 30 30
4 Budget Line 0 0 0 0
5 Commencement of
Research 10 25 0 35
Sub-Total 17 40 130 187
Grand Total 4,308 177,750 427,641 609,699
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CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
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Conclusion and Recommendations
• To reestablish Federal Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development
• The department of Rural Development be
upgraded to a full Agency for Rural
Development
• Policy to be reviewed to incorporate key
elements of smart, appropriate, and
affordable technologies for Rural
communities 55
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THANK YOU