Overview of Future Colliders - Texas A&M...
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Overview of Future Colliders
Hongbo ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
IX International Conference on Interconnections between Particle Physics and Cosmology (PPC2015), June 29th - July 3rd 2015, Deadwood, South Dakota
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Colliders over the Decays
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V D Shiltsev, “High energy particle colliders: past 20 years, next 20 years and beyond”, Physics-Uspekhi 55 (10) 965-976 (2012)
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Outline
• Future colliders‣ ILC/CLIC‣CEPC-SPPC‣FCC‣HL-LHC
• Physics programs
• Summary
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CEPC-SPPC (50 km)
FCC (80 km)
(HL-)LHC (27 km)
ILC (31 km) /CLIC (48 km)
B-factories, muon collider, gamma-gamma collider and several other colliders are also very interesting but not discussed here.
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
International Linear Collider (ILC)
• e+e- linear collider with Superconducting RF linac
• Baseline: √s = 500 GeV (31 km) → upgrade later to ~ √s= 1 TeV (50 km), luminosity of 1.8 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 with optional upgrade, one interaction point (IP) with two detectors: ILD and SiD with push-pull
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
ILC History• Pre-ILC (several linear collider concepts since early 90s), technology
decision in 2004 → SCRF‣ TESLA (SCRF)‣ NLC/JLC (normal conducting)‣ CLIC (two beam)
• ILC since 2005‣ Global Design Effort founded‣ Reference Design Report (2007)‣ Technical Design Report (2013)
• Current status‣ Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC)‣ ILC: Higgs/top factory → possible realisation in Japan‣ CLIC: multi-TeV option on longer time scale
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RDR (2007)
TESLA TDR (2001)
TDR (2013)
Waiting for the final decision from the Japanese government by the end of 2015
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)
• Multi-TeV e+e- linear collider based on high gradient normal-conducting cavities with novel RF power generation (two-beam acceleration), nominal center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV
• Project not as advanced as ILC, possible “Next Big Thing” at CERN?
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Drive Beam
Main Beam
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
After the Higgs Discovery
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Courtesy of Symmetry MagazineA bouquet of options: Higgs factory ideas bloom
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Circular Colliders
• The relative lightness of the discovered Higgs boson makes the circular electron-positron machine technologically feasible as “Higgs Factory”.
• A. Blondel and F. Zimmerman “A High Luminosity e+e- Collider in the LHC tunnel to study the Higgs Boson”, arXiv:1112.2518 → LEP3
‣ Super-TRISTAN, Fermilab Site-Filler, CHF, TLEP
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• ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop, Accelerators for a Higgs Factory: Linear vs. Circular (HF2012) → circular machines under “official” discussion
• ICFA 2013 statement:Factory
ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop
Accelerators for a Higgs Factory:
Linear vs. CircularNovember 14-16, 2012Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, U.S.A.
conferences.fnal.gov/hf2012γγ
Organizing Committee:Alain Blondel, U.of GenevaAlex Chao, SLACWeiren Chou, Fermilab, ChairJie Gao, IHEPDaniel Schulte, CERNKaoru Yokoya, KEK
Local Committee:Elliott McCrory, FermilabCynthia Sazama, FermilabTanja Waltrip, FermilabSuzanne Weber, Fermilab
Contact:Cynthia M. Sazama, Conference OfficeFermi National Accelerator LaboratoryM.S. 113, P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.Fax: +1-630-840-8589 E-mail: [email protected]
“ICFA supports studies of energy frontier circular colliders and encourages global coordination.”
FCC� hh, ee, heCEPC-SPPC
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC)
• Circular e+e- collider with “conventional” accelerator technologies proposed by the Chinese HEP community in 2012
• Baseline design: √s = 240 GeV (54 km), single ring with the pretzel scheme, luminosity of 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 @ 240 GeV, 2 IP’s; 10 years of data-taking
• Optional to operate at other energies: 91 GeV (Z-pole) and 160 GeV (WW)
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BTC�
IP1�
IP3�
e+� e-�
e+ e- Linac
LTB�
CEPC Collider Ring�
CEPC Booster�
BTC�
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Machine Layout
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Possible Project Timeline
• Preliminary Conceptual Design Reports reviewed by international review committees and released:
‣ Volume I: Physics and Detector
‣ Volume II: Accelerator
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2015�
2020�
2025�
2030�
2035�
R&D Engineering Design
(2016-2020)�
Construction (2021-2027)�
Data taking (2028-2035)�
Pre-studies (2013-2015)
1st Milestone: pre-CDR (by the end of 2014) → R&D funding request to Chinese government in 2015 (China’s 13th Five-Year Plan 2016-2020) �
CEPC�
CEPC-SPPCPreliminary Conceptual Design Report
Volume I - Physics & Detector
The CEPC-SPPC Study Group
March 2015
IHEP-CEPC-DR-2015-001
IHEP-EP-2015-01
IHEP-TH-2015-01
IHEP-CEPC-DR-2015-01
IHEP-AC-2015-01
CEPC-SPPC Preliminary Conceptual Design Report
Volume II - Accelerator
The CEPC-SPPC Study Group
March 2015
Available on the CEPC website:http://cepc.ihep.ac.cn/preCDR/volume.html
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Detector Design Concept
• Feasibility studies based on the ILD-like detector concept, with modifications to the interaction region (IR) to cope with much shorter final focal length (L*)
‣ Final focusing magnets inside the detector → constraints on detector layout and technology choice + backgrounds from backscattering particles
• Detector performance requirements (similar to ILC):
• Additional critical challenges:
‣ Detector/electronics power consumption (too short bunch crossing, power-pulsing not optional)
‣ Detector backgrounds → detector occupancy, radiation damage, DAQ …12
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC)
• pp collider after the electron machine in the same tunnel → LEP-LHC model
• “Baseline design”: √s = 70 - 100 TeV, luminosity of 1035 cm-2 s-1 (different opinions on the required luminosity), 2 interaction points
• Main constraint: high field superconducting magnets, e.g. dipole magnets:
‣ 50 km: B = 20 T, E = 70 TeV
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SPP ME Booster
SPPC LE Booster
IP4� IP2�
SPPC Collider Ring�
Proton Linac
SPPC HE Booster
min0
2 ( )BBC
π ρ=
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
High Field Superconducting Magnets
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Nb3Sn + HTS�
2015 – 2020 � • Develop 12 T Nb3Sn double-aperture dipole magnet • Conduct basic technology research on HTS materials and wires
and prototype an inserted coil of 2 – 3 T�
2020 – 2025� • Develop 15 T Nb3Sn double-aperture dipole/quadruple magnets • Conduct basic technology research on HTS materials and wires
and prototype an inserted coil of 4 – 5 T�
2025 – 2030� • Develop Nb3Sn (15 T) + HTS (5 T) or HTS (20 T) dipole magnet
2030 – 2035� • Knowledge and experience transfer to industry, enabling mass production
R&D for 20 years
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Possible Project Timeline
15
2015�
2020�
2025�
2030�
2035�
R&D Engineering Design
(2016-2020)�
Construction (2021-2027)�
Data taking (2028-2035)�
Pre-studies (2013-2015)
1st Milestone: pre-CDR (by the end of 2014) → R&D funding request to Chinese government in 2015 (China’s 13th Five-Year Plan 2016-2020) �
CEPC�20
20�
� � � � 2030�
2040�
�
R&D (2014-2030)�
Engineering Design (2030-2035)�
Construction (3035-2042)�
Data taking (2042-2055)�
SppC�
• Extremely tight schedule, close to unrealistic
• Possibility to operate both electron and proton machines at the same time to accumulate more Higgs events
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Civil Engineering
• Detailed geological survey and conceptual design efforts of civil engineering, summarised in preCDR volume III: Civil Engineering (only in Chinese)
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IHEP
proton electron
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Future Circular Collider (FCC)
• 100 TeV proton-proton (and heavy-ion) collider and a high luminosity e+e- collider (H, Z, W and tt̄) as a potential intermediate step
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FCC-hh LHCEnergy [TeV] 100 14Dipole field [T] 16 8.33# IP 2 + 2 4Luminosity [cm-2s-1] 5-25× 1034 1× 1034
Stored energy/beam [GJ] 8.4 0.39Synchrotron rad. [W/m/aperture]
28.4 0.17Bunch spacing [ns] 25 (5) 25
FCC� hh, ee, he
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 18
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 19
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 20
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
High Luminosity LHC
• HL-LHC expected around 2023 to 5-7 ×1034 cm-2s-1 and to deliver an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 to each experiment over 10 years
• ATLAS/CMS detectors to be upgraded/re-built to cope with the hash collision conditions yet to maintain/enhance the performance
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European Strategy:
P5 Report:
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Physics Programs (selected topics)
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
e+e- Colliders: Luminosity vs Energy
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Measurements
• Well-defined initial states → model independent measurements
• Recoil mass method: reconstructed the Z decay without touching the Higgs, allowing precision measurements: production cross sections, branching ratios, Higgs mass, total decay width and more …
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M2
recoil
= (ps� Eff )2 � p2ff = s� 2Eff
ps+m2
ff
dominant process at √s ~ 240 GeV
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Couplings
• Higgs couplings to fermions and gauge bosons predicted by the Standard Model (SM): and ; deviations from the SM couplings parameterised as:
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f = g(hff)g(hff ;SM) ,V = g(hV V )
g(hV V ;SM)
g(hff ; SM) g(hV V ; SM)
LHC 300/3000 fb-1
CEPC 250 GeV at 5 ab-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
κb κc κg κW κτ κZ κγ10-3
10-2
0.1
1
RelativeError
Precision of Higgs couplingmeasurement (Contrained Fit)
ILC 250+500 GeV at 250+500 fb-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
CEPC 250 GeV at 5 ab-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
κb κc κg κW κτ κZ κγ κμ Br(inv) κΓ10-3
10-2
0.1
1
RelativeError
Precision of Higgs couplingmeasurement (Model-IndependentFit)
Model-dependent fit: Model-independent fit:
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Expected Precision
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Self-coupling
• Critical parameter governing the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking; accessible via the loop correction to the hZ production @CEPC:
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��Zh = �Zh
�SMZh
� 1 = 2�Z + 0.014��hhh
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
EW Precision Measurements
• EW precision measurements with significantly reduced uncertainties:
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RLdt � 150 fb�1
Rb, AbFB , sin ✓
effW ,mZ ,mW , N⌫ · · ·
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Electroweak Oblique Parameter Fit
• Electroweak parameters S and T, describing the gauge boson self-energies, are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model.
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-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
Current (95%)Current (68%)CEPC (95%)CEPC (68%)
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
Current (68%)CEPC baseline (68%)Improved ΓZ (68%)
-0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
CEPC baseline (68%)Improved ΓZ (68%)
Improved ΓZ, mt (68%)
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higher Energies
• Precise determination of the top mass ( ) with the threshold scan method (350 GeV reachable at FCC-ee/ILC/CLIC )
• Top-Higgs Yukawa coupling (500 GeV) accessible at ILC/CLIC with expected precision of and Higgs-self coupling via
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�gt/gt = 10%
�mt ⇠ 100 MeV
e+e� ! tt̄h
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
ILC/CEPC/FCC Complementary
• Higgs coupling measurements: considerable improvement in precision for bb, gg, cc, WW, 𝝉+𝝉- and 𝞒tot ,+ top-Higgs coupling, top mass by ILC
• Accelerator technologies (e.g. RF cavity) and detector technologies (vertex detector, calorimeter, etc. ) → important to exploit the synergies
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ILC 250+350+500 GeV with 500+200+500 fb-1CEPC 250 GeV with 5000 fb-1ILC + CEPC
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
[TeV]g~m0 2 4 6 8 10 12
[TeV
]0 1χ∼
m
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-1100 TeV, 3000 fb-133 TeV, 3000 fb-114 TeV, 3000 fb
-114 TeV, 300 fb
01
χ∼qq01
χ∼qq→g~g~→pp discoveryσ5
Physics@100 TeV
• Physics opportunities: Naturalness, Dark Matter, EW phase transition … → much extended searches with unprecedented high energy
32Waiting for more results/hints from the LHC
gluino-neutralino with LF decays
[TeV]g~m0 2 4 6
[TeV
]0 1χ∼
m
0
2
4
6-1100 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb
-133 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb-114 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb
-114 TeV, 50 PU, 300 fb
01
χ∼tt01
χ∼t t→g~g~→pp discoveryσ5
gluino-neutralino with HF decays
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Summary
• ILC/CLIC, CEPC-SPPC and FCC: extraordinary physics potential → precision measurements + search for New Physics
• Important to exploit the synergies between different projects (accelerator/detector/computing and more) → Global Efforts
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CEPC-SPPC (50 km)
FCC (80 km)
(HL-)LHC (27 km)
ILC (31 km) /CLIC (48 km)
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Extra Slides
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Cross-sections
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e−
e+
Z∗
Z
H
e−
e+e+
Z∗
Z∗
e−
H
e−
ν̄ee+
W ∗
W ∗
νe
H
dominant process at the threshold
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CEPC-SPPC PreCDR International Reviews
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