Overview of Education in Health Care Chapter 1

Overview of Education in Health Care

Chapter 1

Objectives

By the end of this discussion, YOU will be able to:

• Be familiar with the evolution of the teaching role of nurses

• Recognize trends affecting the healthcare system in general and nursing

practice in particular

• Identify the purposes, goals, and benefits of client and staff/student

education

Objectives

By the end of this discussion, YOU will be able to:

• Define the terms education process, teaching and learning

• Compare the education process to nursing process

• Discuss the barriers to teaching and obstacles to learning

The evolution of the teaching role of Nurses

• Sine the mid-1800s, when nursing was acknowledged as a

profession

• Patient education has been recognized as an important role of

nurses as caregivers


• Florence nightingale was the ultimate

educator

• She developed the first nursing school

• She educated nurses, physicians in hospitals

and home care to improve health


• She taught patients the need for

adequate nutrition, fresh air, exercise,

personal hygiene to improve their well-

being

https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/florence-nightingale-1


• In 1918 the National league of nursing education (NLN)

identified health teaching as a function within the scope of nursing practice

• In 1950 the NLN identified course content in nursing school

curricula to prepare nurses to the role


• In 2010 American nursing Association was issued a statement

on standards of nursing practice, patient teaching was a key element

• All nurses in the united states are by legal mandate expected to provide

instruction to the patients, and clients


Professional nurses are responsible for:

• Educating patients, clients, families, and communities

• Educating and training their colleges through continuous education and in-

service programs

• Educating and supervising nursing students in the clinical settings (clinical

instructors)

Purposes, Goals of Client and Staff Education

Client Education:

• A process of assisting people to learn and adopt health-related

behaviors that can incorporated into their everyday life with the

goal of optimal health and independence of self-care


• The purpose of patient/client education is to increase the competence and

confidence of client for self-management (maintaining, and promoting

health)

• The goal is to prepare patient/client for self care

• Studies showed that informed clients more likely to comply with medical

treatments and to cope with their illnesses.


• The benefits of client education:

• Improve quality of life

• Ensure continuity of care

• Decrease client anxiety

• Effectively reduce the complications

• Reduce the morbidity and mortality rate


• The benefits of client education:

• Promote adherence to treatment plans

• Energize and empower client to become actively involved in their care

planning

• Promote health

• Restore and protect health


Staff Education:

• It’s the process of influencing the health behaviors of health

professionals by producing changes in their knowledge, attitudes,

and skills to help maintain and improve their competencies for

the delivery of quality care to their consumer


• The purpose of staff and student education is to increase the competence

and the confidence of nurses to function independently in providing care to

the consumer.

• The goal is to improve quality of care provided by nurses


• The benefits of staff education:

• Increase the competence and the confidence of nurses to function

independently in providing care to the clients

• Improve quality of care provided by nurses

• Enhance the professional developments (keep their knowledge and skills

updated and advanced)


• The benefits of staff education:

• Increase job satisfaction

• Enhance patient/client nurse autonomy

• Encourage conducting evidence based practice

• Increase accountability in clinical practice

• Improve the nation’s health

The Education Process

https://www.slideshare.net/muzahidhossen/process-of-education


• Its a systematic, sequential, logical, scientifically:

based, planned course of action consisting of two major

interdependent operations:

- Teaching and learning

• It involves two interdependent players:

- Teacher and the learner


Learning:

• A change in behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and or skills) that can be

observed or measured and that occurs at any time or any place as a result of

exposure to environmental stimuli

• The success of nurse educators in teaching is measured by how much the

person learns


Teaching:

• Is giving lessons about a particular subject to a group of learners

Teacher Learner


Nursing process and Education process consists of:

Assessment

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

23https://pt.slideshare.net/cindyescoba/education-process/2

ASSURE Model

• Is a useful model developed to assist nurses to organize and

carryout the education process (Rega, 1993)

• It is appropriate for all health professional educators

Steps of the ASSURE Model

25http://gailalleynebayne.weebly.com/id-models.html

The contemporary Role of the Nurse as Educator

Nursing Alliance for Quality Care (NAQC) established four goals addressing

key areas to support excellence in the delivery of health care:

1. Consumer centered health care:

- Focusing on nursing health and safe goals to achieve safe, effective,

timely, efficient, and equal patients-centered care

2. Performance measurement and public reporting:

- Advocate for the development, implementation, and public reporting of

performance measures that reflect nursing’s contribution to patient/client care

3. Advocacy:

- Establish policy reform focused on evidence-based nursing practice to improve

patient/client care

4. Leadership:

- Promote nursing’s capability to serve in leadership roles that advances

patient/client care standards


Principles of professional nursing practice, according to the NAQC:

• Quality care is based on a dynamic partnership between healthcare

providers, patients and families (privacy, decision making and ethical

behaviors)

• Established confidentiality: patients’ own decisions


• Mutual responsibilities and accountabilities between patients must be

effective

• HCPs must understand to what level the patients must participate in their

own care and advocate for those who don’t participate

• Respect the boundaries that protect the patients and HCPs in all interaction



Patient advocacy

Respect patients’ rights.

Mutual decision making

Health literacy & diversity of cultural backgrounds

Barriers to Teaching and Obstacles to Learning

Barriers to teaching: factors imped the nurses’ abilities to deliver

educational services

Obstacles to learning: factors that negatively affect the ability of the

learner to pay attention to and process information

Barriers to Teaching and Obstacles to Learning

• Learning takes place by the teacher removing or reducing the obstacles to

learning

• The evidence supports that the interaction between teacher and learner is

the central to the development of a teachable moment, regardless of the

obstacles or barriers that may be encountered

Factors affecting the ability to teach

• Lack of time: The greatest barriers, schedules and responsibilities of

nurses are very demanding

• Lack of competent and confident of the Health care providers with

their teaching skills as a result of no specific course on the principles of

teaching and learning.


• Personal characteristics of the educator which play an important role

in determining the outcomes of a teaching-learning interaction.

• Lack of motivation: motivation to teach and skills in teaching are main

factors in determining the success of any educational endeavor


• Lack of priority to patient and staff education by administration

and supervisory personnel

• Budget allocations for educational programs can lead to

innovative and time-saving teaching strategies and techniques


• Inconvenient teaching environment for conducting education to

prompt the teaching-learning process, such as space, lack of privacy,

noise and frequent inferences affect the nurses’ abilities to concentrate

and effectively interact to learners


• Some HCPs question whether patient education is effective

as a means to improve health outcomes; particularly if they do not display

an interest in changing behavior, demonstrate unwilling to learn, or when

their ability to learn is in question


• The type of documentation system used has an effect on the quality

and quantity of patient teaching. Example, formal and informal teaching

are not written down because of insufficient time, inattention to details

and inadequate forms (simply check of the areas addressed)

Factors affecting the ability to learn

• Lack of time to learn because of rapid patient discharge from care

and amount of information a client is expected to learn can discourage

and frustrate the learner.

• The stress of patients’ health problems (Type of disease) impetus

for patients to attend to learning, make contact with the HCPs and take

positive action to improve their health status.


• Low literacy and functional health illiteracy

• The negative influence of the hospital environment itself which lead to

loss of control, lack of privacy and social isolation.

• Personnel characteristics of the learner (e.g. readiness to learn,

motivation and compliance, developmental-stage characteristic, and

learning styles).


• The extent of behavioral changes (number and complexity) needed can

overwhelm learners and dissuade them from attending to and accomplishing

learning objectives and goals

• Lack of support and lack of ongoing positive reinforcement from

the HCPs serve to block the potential for learning


• Denial of learning needs, resentment of authority and lack of

willingness to take responsibility (locus of control) are some

psychological obstacles to accomplishing behavioral change

• The healthcare system (e.g. inconvenience, complexity,

inaccessibility and fragmentation) results in frustration and abandonment

of efforts by the learner to participate in and comply with the goals and

objectives for learning


https://nursekey.com/overview-of-education-in-health-care/

Summary

• Nurses can make the significant difference in how patients and families

cope with their illness and disabilities

• The teaching role is becoming even more important and more visible as

nurses respond to the social, economic and potential trends affecting

healthcare today

Summary

• Nurses can demonstrate responsibility and accountability of the delivery

of care to the consumer through education based on solid principles of

teaching and learning

• The key to effective education of learners is the nurses’ understanding of

and ongoing commitment to the role of educator

Overview of Education in Health Care Chapter 1

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