Overview of AQ data sources in ambient conditions mapping context Chris McLinden and Robert Vet...
-
Upload
eustace-bond -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Overview of AQ data sources in ambient conditions mapping context Chris McLinden and Robert Vet...
Overview of AQ data sources in ambient conditions mapping context
Chris McLinden and Robert Vet
Contributors: Yves Rochon, Mike Moran, Ray Nassar, Randall Martin,
David Anselmo, and others from AQRD, CRD, & CMC
16 January 2012
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Introduction
• Platforms:- Ground-based (stationary and mobile)
- In-situ or point measurements- Remote sensing from below
- Aircraft and balloon- In-situ (mostly) and remote sensing
- Satellite – remote sensing from above
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Introduction
• Overview of some sources and databases - North American air and precip surface data
- Some ground-based remote sensing networks
- WOUDC (ground-based and ozonesondes)
- Greenhouse Gases (sources other than satellites)
- Emission measurements
- Satellites
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Sources of North American Air and Precipitation Data (ground-based in-situ and point measurements)
• Canadian Data– National Atmospheric Chemistry (NAtChem) Database and
Analysis Facility (www.ec.gc.ca/natchem/)▪ Air and precipitation chemistry data from major regional-scale
networks in North America in standard format and web accessible
– Canada-Wide Air Quality System (CWAQS) Database
• U.S. Data available from the US EPA– Air Quality System (AQS)
• CMC archiving of surface AQ observation data (NRT)
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Data Precipitation Chemistry
CAPMoN, Provincial, Mercury Deposition Network (Canada)
U.S. NADP (archived but not downloadable)
Air Quality
Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (acidifying PM and gases)
Total Gaseous Mercury and Mercury Speciation (soon)
Canadian Arctic Aerosol Chemistry Program (aerosol speciation)
Canadian Arctic Northern Contaminants Program (hazardous air pollutants)
Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (toxics)
Canadian Baseline Measurement Program (greenhouse gases)
Canadian Aerosol Baseline Measurements (Arctic aerosol composition, number, scattering and absorption)
Historical networks and special studies including Pacific 2001, CARE NMHCs, Nitrogen Scoping Study
National Atmospheric Chemistry Database and Analysis Facility (NAtChem)
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Canada-Wide Air Quality System Database for NAPS Data
• Under development for the federal-provincial National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS)
• Largely urban air quality data
• Criteria Air Contaminants: SO2, NO/NOx, CO, PM2.5 and O3
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
• Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs)
• Turn-on date unknown
• NAPS data can currently be obtained by contacting Jean-Pierre Charland of AAQS
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
United States Air Quality System (AQS)for U.S. Data
• All U.S. network air quality data
• http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/ (Air Quality System)
• Available data:– State compliance monitoring data– Special Network data
▪ IMPROVE (PM speciation, visibility)▪ CASTNET (PM and gas speciation, ozone)
• For other content of EPA Technology Transfer Network (e.g. emission inventories) see
– http://www.epa.gov/ttn/
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Example: 2006 AQ Data Availability
• North American data compiled for the 2006 AURAMS evaluation and the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMII)
• Slides provided by Mike Moran and data compiled by Qiong Zheng
• Data integration is time consuming and requires a knowledge of measurement methods
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American AQ Data Availability - 2006
Type Species No. of Stations
Air SO2 734
Chemistry NO2 556
(gases) CO 452
O3 1,388
HNO3 111
NH3 9
Air PM2.5 1,299
Chemistry PM10 1,299
(particles) p-SO4 498
p-NO3 498
p-NH4 323
p-EC 400
p-OC 400
p-CM (derived) 387
p-SS (derived) 281
Precipitation PCP 342
Chemistry nss-SO4= 342
NO3- 342NH4+ 342
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American PM2.5 Mass Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
CMC archiving of surface obs data
• Since 2007 under AIRNow (with some data prior)
• Clients/users– AQHI national forecast program (Canadian data)– UMOS (Canadian data)– Model verification (Canadian and US data)– Objective analysis system for surface pollutants (Can. and US)
• Canadian sources– Metro Vancouver (DRDAS) BC MoE (DRDAS)– Alberta Env (9 air sheds, CASA server) Ontario MoE (DRDAS)– Saskatchewan Env (DRDAS) CAPMoN– Manitoba Conservation (moving to DRDAS)– Ville de Montréal & Québec MDDEP (via Québec Region)– New Brunswick, PEI, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland (via Atlantic
Region)
Courtesy of D. Anselmo and A. Robichaud
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
• Canadian sources– Format: AIRNow ‘OBS’ ASCII– Species: O3, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, H2S, TRS, CO, NO
Stns: 175, 165, 35, 135, 70, 5, 20, 30, 75 – Hourly observations processed in NRT at 40 mins past hour
• US sources– From AIRNow Gateway: www.airnowgateway.org
– Format: ‘AQCSV’ ASCII (improvement over ‘OBS’)– Species: Primarily O3 and PM2.5
▪ Includes other pollutants and meteorology for select stations
– Availability in NRT: ~80% after 1 hour; ~95% after 2 hour
• Also archived/acquired: Canadian Brewer UV and total column ozone, MODIS (2007+) and GOME-2 (2010+) satellite data
CMC archiving of surface obs data
Courtesy of D. Anselmo and A. Robichaud
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Ground-based remote sensing - Aeronet
• A global sunphotometer network providing aerosol optical depth at several wavelengths between 340 and 1640 nm (Aerocan is Canadian network, 19 sites, part of Aeronet)
• Data record 1993-present at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (http://www.aerocanonline.com/templates/nature/index.html)
• Data synergy tools available online
Aeronet Stations CIMEL sunphotometerIn Arctic
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Ground-based remote sensing - Other
• CoralNET (Canadian Operational Research Aerosol Lidar Network):
- EC Lidar network, late 2000s to 2011 (contact K. Strawbridge)- measures the aerosol backscatter coefficient (optical
parameter) at two wavelengths (1064nm and 532nm)- near ground to 15 km (3 m vertical resolution), every 10 s
• FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer):- provides total and/or partial column of species such as NO,
NO2, O3, CO, CO2, N2O, CH4, HNO3, others…
- EC has data from Eureka and CARE (Egbert)- Multiple international FTIR networks, including NDACC
(Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov/
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
WOUDC
• World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre• Database containing long-term, global Dobson and
Brewer total ozone column and ozonesonde data• http://www.woudc.org/index_e.html• Maintained by EC• Link to EC ozonesonde based climatologies• Link to historical and NRT total column ozone maps constructed for multiple sources
180oW 120oW 60oW 0o 60oE 120oE 180oW
80oS
40oS
0o
40oN
80oN
180oW 120oW 60oW 0o 60oE 120oE 180oW
80oS
40oS
0o
40oN
80oN
Ozonesonde Locations
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Greenhouse Gas Data
• Data sources analogous to air quality gases: surface networks (in-situ and remote), aircraft, satellite
- NOAA oversees global network of surface stations (flasks, towers, …) and hosts data centre (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/) including CarbonTracker and GLOBALVIEW products
- Other providers: EC, CSIRO, JMA, Universities, Euro organizations
NOAA ESRL Cooperative Measurement Programs
- TCCON – Total Column Carbon Observing Network: Network of FTIRs focusing on CO2 and CH4 www.tccon.caltech.edu
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Were reviewed in 2005 NARSTO Assessment
“Improving Emission
Inventories for Effective
Air Quality Management
Across North America”
They are:
Uncommon
Difficult to make
Emissions measurementsCourtesy of M. Moran
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
• Direct– Eddy correlation flux measurements– Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS)– Portable emissions measurement systems– Dilution tunnel sampling– Mobile laboratories as chase vehicles
• Indirect– Roadway tunnel studies
– Remote sensing (e.g., NDIR, FTIR, DOAS, ...)
– Mobile laboratories for vehicle fleet studies
– Onboard sensors (individual vehicles)
– Aircraft plume measurements
Emission measurement techniques
Courtesy of M. Moran
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Present GG satellite instruments
Instrument Data
avail
Latitudinal coverage
Vertical sensitivity
HIRS 1978- 20S-20N Upper trop ~10 km
AIRS 2002- 80S-80N Upper trop
SCIAMACHY 2003- 60S-80N land Total column
ACE-FTS 2004- 82S-82N sparse
5-100 km, 3 km
TES 2006- 40S-40N Mid trop ~5 km
IASI 2007- 20S-20N Upper trop, ~12 km
TANSO-FTS
(GOSAT)
2009- 60S-80N land
25S-25N ocean
Total column,
Upper trop
All are nadir except ACE which is occultation (limb)
Courtesy: Polavarapu and Nassar
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Future GG satellite instruments
Instrument Data
avail
Latitudinal coverage
Vertical sensitivity
IASI/
Metop-B,C
2012- 2016-
20S-20N Upper trop, ~12 km
OCO-2 2014- ~80N-80S Total column
TanSat 2015- ~80N-80S Total column
CarbonSat 2018- ~80N-80S Total column
PHEMOS-FTS 2018- 50N-80N land Total column
Upper trop
CO2 Lidar ASCENDS
2020- ~90N-90S Total column
Info courtesy of Ray Nassar
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
Emission inventories: Example of choices - GHG
• Emission inventories:
– CO2 information
16 global (surface; monthly, 3 hourly or annually)
2 global-3D (Nassar et al.; monthly)
1 US (~10 km, 3 hourly)
1 Canada (Nassar et al., in preparation)
– CO2, CH4, N2O, CO, NH3, … : 1 global (EDGAR)Info courtesy of Ray Nassar
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
EXTRAS
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
United States AQS: A caution…http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/
• AQS has codes for measurement parameters, units and methods
• There can be multiple codes for each measurement, e.g., PM2.5 data may have multiple codes for parameter, unit and method
• Data and codes must be evaluated and combined when using the data
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American SO2 Monitoring Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American O3 Monitoring Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American NO2 Monitoring Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American CO Monitoring Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American HNO3 Monitoring Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American Speciated PM2.5 Sites - 2006
AQ Data Assimilation and Fusion – 16-17 January 2012
North American 2006 Precipitation-Chemistry Sites