Overview for Renewables Integration

NuScale Nonproprietary Copyright © 2020 NuScale Power, LLC.

Chemical EngineerColin Sexton

NuScale Technology Overview for Renewables IntegrationMarch 3rd, 2020

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Acknowledgement and Disclaimer

This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-NE0008928.

This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States (U.S.) Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.

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Renewable Power is Expanding Rapidly• Solar power will generate an increasingly

large share of power globally over the next 3 decades as costs continue to fall

• At some point (typically forecasted to be about 50% renewable generation), dispatchable power sources will be needed in order to add additional renewable generation

• Current nuclear power options provide low carbon generation, but without the necessary attributes for renewable compatibility

• Rapid load following• Deployment to large and small grids• Competitive cost and low schedule risk• Passive safety systems

• Technology quality matters greatly

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A Bold, New Energy Source• Smarter Energy – Flexible design can support

multiple applications, integrate with renewable resources, provide highly reliable power to mission critical facilities, and serve as clean baseload power.

• Cleaner Energy – 100% carbon-free energy – same as wind or solar – with a small land footprint.

• Safer Energy – Should it become necessary, NuScale’s SMR shuts itself down and self-cools for an indefinite period of time, with no operator action required, no additional water, and no AC or DC power needed.

• Cost Competitive – The NuScale SMR is far less complex than other designs. Off-site fabrication and assembly reduce cost. Components are delivered to the site in ready-to-install form. All of this results in construction occurring in a shorter, more predicable period of time.

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Who is NuScale Power?• Mission: NuScale Power provides scalable advanced

nuclear technology for the production of electricity, heat, and clean water to improve the quality of life for people around the world.

• NuScale Power was formed in 2007 for the sole purpose of completing the design and commercializing a small modular reactor (SMR) – the NuScale Power Module™.

• Initial concept had been in development and testing since the 2000 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) MASLWR program.

• Fluor, global engineering and construction company, became lead investor in 2011.

• In 2013, NuScale won a competitive U.S. DOE Funding Opportunity for matching funds, and has been awarded over $300M in DOE funding since then.

• >380 employees in 6 offices in the U.S. and 1 office in the U.K.

• Rigorous design review by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to be completed in 2020.

• On track for first plant operation in 2026 in the U.S.

One-third Scale NIST-2 Test Facility

NuScale Control Room Simulator

NuScale Engineering Offices Corvallis

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Core Technology: NuScale Power ModuleTM

• A NuScale Power Module™ (NPM) includes the reactor vessel, steam generators, pressurizer, and containment in an integral package – simple design that eliminates reactor coolant pumps, large bore piping and other systems and components found in large conventional reactors.

• Each module produces up to 60 MWe─ small enough to be factory built for

easy transport and installation.─ dedicated power conversion system

for flexible, independent operation.─ incrementally added to match load

growth– up to 12 modules for 720 MWe

gross (684 MWe net) total output.

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Reactor Building Houses NuScale Power Modules™, Spent Fuel Pool, and Reactor Pool

Reactor Building CraneRefueling Machine Biological Shield

Reactor PoolReactor Vessel Flange Tool

Containment Vessel Flange Tool

NuScale Power Module

Spent Fuel Pool

Ground Surface

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Simplicity Enhances Safety

Convection – energy from the nuclear reaction heats the primary water causing it to rise by convection and buoyancy through the riser, much like a chimney effect.

Conduction – the water heated by the nuclear reaction (primary water) transfers its heat through the walls of the tubes in the steam generator, heating the water inside the tubes (secondary water) and turning it to steam. This heat transfer cools the primary water.

Gravity / Buoyancy – colder (denser) primary water “falls” to bottom of reactor pressure vessel, and the natural circulation cycle continues.

Natural Convection for Cooling• Passively safe - cooling water

circulates through the nuclear core by natural convection eliminating the need for pumps.

Seismically Robust• System submerged in a below-grade

pool of water in an earthquake and aircraft impact resistant building.

Passive Safety Systems• Core cooling provided without the

use of electrical power active equipment. Valves change position one time with stored energy.

Defense-in-Depth• Multiple additional barriers to protect

against the release of radiation to the environment.

Second-to-none safety case – site boundary Emergency Planning Zone capable

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Passive Decay Heat Removal System• Main steam and main feedwater

isolated• Decay heat removal (DHR) valves

opened• Decay heat passively removed via

the steam generators and DHR heat condensers to the reactor pool

• DHR system is composed of two independent single failure proof trains (1 of 2 trains needed)

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Emergency Core Cooling System and Containment Heat Removal• Adequate core cooling is

provided without the need for safety-related injection

• Reactor vent valves open to move steam from the reactor vessel to the containment, keeping pressures equal

• Reactor recirculation valves allow liquid flow from the containment to the reactor vessel

• Decay heat removedo condensing steam on inside

surface of containment vesselo convection and conduction

through liquid and both vessel walls

NOT TO SCALE

reactor pool

containment vessel

reactor vent valves

reactor recirculation valves

reactor vent valves

reactor recirculation valves

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Reducing Plant Risk Risk = (frequency of failure) X (consequences)

Probability of core damage (full power, internal events) due to NuScale reactor equipment failures is

1 event per module every ~3 Billion Years.

Ground level

ReactorVessel

ContainmentPool Structureand Liner

Fuel Clad

Reactor Pool

BiologicalShield

Reactor Building

Cor

e D

amag

e Fr

eque

ncy

3 x 10-10/mcyr

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Innovative Advancements to Reactor SafetyNuclear fuel cooled indefinitely without AC or DC power*

*Alternate 1E power system design eliminates the need for 1E qualified batteries to perform ESFAS protective functions – Patent Pending

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NIST-2 Integral Systems Test• Integral Systems Test to obtain large-

scale real-time integral effects data for code validation.

• One-third scale, full pressure and temperature.

• Includes integral reactor vessel and internals, containment vessel, reactor pool and safety systems.

• Located at Oregon State University• Testing completed:

o Loss of coolant accident (LOCA).o Flow stability.o Non-LOCA.o Long-term cooling.

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Load-Following with Wind

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Typical Electrical Demand

Horse Butte Output

NuScale Output(target)

NuScale design meets or exceeds EPRI Utility Requirements Document (URD), Rev. 13, load following and other ancillary service requirements.

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NuScale and the 2020 California “Duck Curve” 26 Gw

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2020 ‘Duck Curve’ from CA ISO

NuScale Generator Output

96 min

NuScale plant is designed to work with renewables, including being able to ramp up power quickly enough to meet high evening demand when solar ramps down.

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NuScale Co-Generation Studies

Desalination Study for Clean Water and

Electricity(Aquatech and NuScale)

8-Module Plant producing 60 Mgal per day of clean water plus

~400 MWe to the grid.

10-Module Plant coupled to a 250,000 barrels/d refinery, thus

avoiding ~230 MT/hr CO2emissions.

Oil Refinery StudyReducing Carbon

Emissions (Fluor and NuScale)

High-Temp Steam Electrolysis for Carbon-

free Hydrogen Production(INL and NuScale)

6-Module Plant producing ~240 tons per day carbon-free

hydrogen for ammonia plant.

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Clean Air & Environment• Nuclear energy produces no harmful

emissions during operation and all wastes are accounted for and managed during the entire life cycle of the plant and incorporated into the cost.

• When energy sources are evaluated over their entire life cycle, from mining of materials and fuel, to construction, and eventual decommissioning and waste storage – nuclear energy has one of the lowest carbon footprints – lower than solar PV and about the same as wind.

• NuScale’s operational flexibility can enable more renewables on the grid and help decarbonize industrial and transportation sectors – making the transition to a clean energy system faster.

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Colin Sexton

[email protected] Engineer


Backup Information

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What About the Waste, i.e., Used Fuel?• What you normally hear about as nuclear “waste” is really the used

fuel removed from a reactor, which still contains ~96% of the unused energy that can be recovered to produce new fuel.

• All of the used nuclear fuel produced by the nuclear energy industry in the last 60 years has been safely managed and stored, primarily at plant sites in pools or dry cask storage.

• The NuScale power plant design includes a proven safe and secure used fuel management system.

• Used fuel management, storage, and disposal is regulated by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has responsibility for its ultimate disposal.

• Recycling used fuel could significantly reduce the burden of mining and disposing of used fuel, making our nuclear fuel cycle more sustainable.

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Used Fuel Management at NuScale Plant• NuScale reactor building and plant design incorporates a proven safe, secure, and effective used

fuel management system.

• Stainless steel lined concrete pool holds used fuel for at least 10 years under 60 feet of water.

• The used fuel is protected both by the ground and the Seismic Category 1 reinforced concrete reactor building designed to withstand an aircraft impact, and a variety of natural and man-made phenomena.

Reactor Building

Image Credit: Nuclear Energy Institute

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Used Fuel Storage & Disposal

• After cooling in the spent fuel pool, used fuel is placed into certified casks – steel containers with concrete shells – on site of the plant.o NRC’s Waste Confidence Rule states that dry

cask storage is a safe and acceptable way to store used fuel for an interim period at the plant up to 100 years.

o NuScale’s standard facility design includes an area for the dry storage of all of the spent fuel produced during the 60-year life of the plant.

• U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has responsibility for the final disposal of used fuel under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.o Under the Act, the generators of electricity from

nuclear power plants must pay into a fund to be used for the long term disposal of this used fuel; over $40 billion is currently in the Nuclear Waste Fund.

Sources: U.S. NRC; U.S. DOE; Nuclear Energy Institute

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Used Fuel Recycling – A Better Option?• Recycling used fuel could significantly reduce the burden of mining and disposing

of spent fuel, making our nuclear fuel cycle more sustainable and further reducing the already-low carbon total footprint of nuclear power.

• Recycled fuel and mixed uranium-plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel are suitable for use in the NuScale SMR.

• Recycling has been in successful use in several markets, such as France, for decades

o Some new advanced designs will utilize this used fuel in its reactors as a means to reduce the overall quantity.

KEY FACTS • 96% of the content of the used fuel is reusable energy• Recycling used fuel:

─ Saves 25% of natural uranium resources─ Reduces the volume of high-level waste slated for

disposal in a repository by 75%─ Reduces the waste’s toxicity by about 90%

Source: Framatome, Third Way

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Manufacturing and Testing of Real Components

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Cost Competitive• Simplicity of design provides competitive levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)

compared to other low carbon options.o First plant target LCOE - $65/MWh.o Cost estimate conforms to American Association of Cost Engineers (AACE) 18R-97 –

Class 4 cost estimate with over 14,000 line items priced using Fluor’s current proprietary cost data or actual vendor quotes.

• Competitive overnight capital cost compared to large advanced nuclear.o ~$4,300/KW compared to more than $9,000/KW for recent large nuclear plant projects in

Georgia and South Carolina. o Overnight capital cost substantially improved in regions of the world where construction

labor costs are considerably lower than in the U.S.

• Up to 12 modules can be added to a facility incrementally (e.g., in response to load growth), reducing initial capital costs.

• First module in situ can generate power and bring in revenue immediately.• NuScale Power Modules fabricated in an off-site facility, bringing cost

savings associated with repetitive manufacture.

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Levelized Cost vs. Time

Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 13.0

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Gas Peaker

Nuclear

Solar Thermal Tower

Coal

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Wind

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NuScale Confidential, Proprietary Class 3 | Copyright © 2020 NuScale Power, LLC.

Levelized Cost New Builds vs Marginal Cost of Operation

Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 12.0

LADWP Solar + Storage Project 2023 @ $20/MWh

https://www.utilitydive.com/news/los-angeles-solicits-record-solar-storage-deal-at-199713-cents-kwh/558018/

28Global Nuclear Power Production

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First Deployment: UAMPS Carbon Free Power Project

• Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems (UAMPS) provides energy services to community-owned power systems throughout the Intermountain West.

• First deployment will be a 12-module plant (720 MWe) within the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) site, slated for commercial operation in 2026.

• DOE awarded $63.3 million in matching funds to perform site selection, secure site and water, and prepare combined operating license application to NRC and advance the site specific design.

• Joint Use Modular Plant (JUMP) Program: INL-DOE will lease one of the modules in the 12-module plant, for research purposes, an additional module may be used in a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) to provide power to INL.

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Revitalizing Coal Plant Infrastructure

• Total infrastructure of the NuScale plant can be built directly on an existing coal plant siteo 720-MWe NuScale plant has a small land footprint of only 0.14 square miles

• Upgrading coal plants to NuScale Plants will depend on site specific conditions• Likely repurposing option includes reuse of infrastructure:o Cooling water systems, demineralized water, potable water, site fire protection, switchyard,

admin and warehouse buildings• Capital cost savings of approximately $100M depending on site

31Vogtle 3&4 Construction Photos

GV20101139003.PPT31


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Evacuated Containment—Enhanced Safety

Containment Design

• Containment volume sized so that core does not uncover following a LOCA

• Large reactor pool keeps containment shell cool and promotes efficient post-LOCA steam condensation

• Insulating vacuum

‒ significantly reduces conduction and convection heat transfer during normal operation

‒ eliminates requirement for insulation on the reactor vessel, therefore, no sump screen blockage issue (GSI-191)

‒ improves LOCA steam condensation rates by eliminating air

‒ prevents combustible hydrogen mixture in the unlikely event of a severe accident (i.e., little or no oxygen)

‒ reduces corrosion and humidity problems inside containment

Overview for Renewables Integration

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