OVERVIEW CHAP 2

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Historic World Population

Hong Kong Land Area: 402 sq milesPopulation: 7, 061,200 (July 2005 est.)

SmithtownLand Area: 54 sq milesPopulation: 117,801

Problems of Population Growth• Soil erosion• Biological extinction• Destruction of

ecosystems• Consumption of

minerals and fuel• Water deficits

The burning Amazon rain forest can be seen from space

50,000 tons of blue fin tuna are extracted from the Mediterranean & Atlantic each year50,000 tons is approximately the weight of 3,000 school buses filled to capacity

Population Issues

• Population shrinkage• Migration• Refugees• Food supply• Health• Status of women

The second-grade class at the Kami Hinokinai school has only three children and their teacher, due to Japan's low birthrate. The school closed in 2007.

Historically, population growth has not been linear

Population density measures the number of people per square unit

Population has always been unevenly distributed over the landUnequal distribution has increased during the 20th century

Beware: Arithmetic Population DensityNo country has an evenly distributed population

Territory Population A.P.D.Egypt: 384300 miles² 71.1 million 185 people/mile²

98% of population lives on 3% of the land

Solution: Physiologic Population Density• Number of people per unit area of agriculturally

productive (arable) land• P.P.D. for Egypt = 9245 people/mile²• P.P.D. for U.S. = 423 people/mile²

Isopleth map of World Population Density

On which landmass are the three largest population concentrations found?

4 billion of the global

population of 6 billion

Isoline & Choropleth

North America

North America does not have large high density population zones like Eurasia

Megalopolis

No major population

concentrations

No major population

concentrations

population concentration of 650 million

The number of people that can be supported in a specific area (carrying capacity) depends upon the economic, political and

technological conditions

Population Trends

1965-69: Population growth of 2.1%1985-89: Population growth of 1.6%

ButPopulation base = 5 billion

Population increase = 80 million

Demographic Momentum!continued population increase despite reduced reproductive rates

Demographic Momentum SimplifiedSociety “A” Society “B”

World Population GrowthDeclining Population Growth

High Population Growth

There have always been variations in the Population Growth Rate

Growth Rates Rate Characteristics• Low standing of women

(Patriarchal) • Culturally traditional• Low education levels

Rate Characteristics• Urbanization• High education levels• Economic wealth• Social Dislocation

Bedouin woman from Oman

Sept 12 – Conception Day in Russia

The Kartuzovs, shown in June, drive away in their new UAZ-Patriot SUV, which they won as a grand prize in a regional contest titled "Give Birth to a Patriot on Russia's Independence Day."

Population Growth Rate can vary significantly within a country

190,000,000 people

Population Growth

Today the population doubling time is 51 years

US will double in 124 yearsPakistan will double in 25 years

Population Explosion

Thomas Malthus• Wrote “An Essay on the Principle of

Population” (1798)• Key idea: population growing more

rapidly than food supply

But…..• Food does not increase

in a linear manner• Migration influences

population• Global food economy

Neo-Malthusians

Match the Population Pyramid with the CountryFranceGaza StripJapan China

Gaza Strip Smithtown

Population: 1,551,859 (estimate)44% below the age of 14

Area: 111 square miles

Population: 115,715

Area: 138 square miles

Terms to KnowDemography

the study of populationNatural increase

# births - # deathsCrude birth rate (CBR)

# live births/1000Crude death rate (CDR)

# deaths/1000Total fertility rate (TFR)

# children / woman

World Birth Rate

Low birthrates associated with modernization (exception China)

World Mortality Rate

Crude death rates include infant mortalityIs the infant mortality rate the same as the child mortality rate?

Years 0-1 Years 1-5

How can this be explained?

Crude Death Rates (2007)per 1,000 people

Australia 7.6Panama 5.4Tunisia 5.2Italy 10.5United States 8.3

The Demographic Equation

TP = OP + B – D + I - ETotal Population

Original Population

Births

Deaths

Immigration

Emigration

Population in Europe

Later population Increases• Second Agricultural Revolution• Public Health (Inoculation)

These factors led to

population decrease

Demographic Transition Model

Births Deaths

Births Deaths

Births Deaths

Births Deaths

Will the population bomb fizzle out?

Here’s the Issue:

Britain had a population of 7-8 million when population began to change. East and South Asia has a much greater population

Eventually all countries may reach a Stationary Population Level (SPL)

(stop growing)

China may stabilize at

1.7 billion in 2070India may stabilize at

2 billion in 2070