OVERTUREOVERTURE

TO THE “OLDS” IN THE ROOM TO THE “OLDS” IN THE ROOM

““NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE PLASURE WE FEEL WHEN HEARING PLASURE WE FEEL WHEN HEARING SOMETHING ALREADY KNOWN”SOMETHING ALREADY KNOWN”

Enrico FERMIEnrico FERMI

HERA HERA HAS BEEN CLOSED,HAS BEEN CLOSED, LHC LHC IS BEING OPENINGIS BEING OPENING

((NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE OF NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE OF PARTICLE PHYSICS)PARTICLE PHYSICS)

Carlos García CanalCarlos García CanalUniversidad Nacional de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La Plata

II LAWHEPII LAWHEP

. . GENERAL ACCOUNT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL GENERAL ACCOUNT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE RECENTLY CLOSED DESY-RESULTS OF THE RECENTLY CLOSED DESY-HAMBURG HERA ACCELERATOR.HAMBURG HERA ACCELERATOR.

. . PRESENTATION OF THE PHYSICS EXPECTED TO BE PRESENTATION OF THE PHYSICS EXPECTED TO BE REVEALED BY THE LHC-CERN ACCELERATOR REVEALED BY THE LHC-CERN ACCELERATOR BEGINNING TO DELIVER DATA IN LESS THAN A YEAR.BEGINNING TO DELIVER DATA IN LESS THAN A YEAR.

. . ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THIS INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THIS INFORMATION ON THE THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS.ON THE THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS.

PARTICLE PHYSICS: PARTICLE PHYSICS: NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURENEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE

FROM M. MANGANO

PARTICLE PHYSICS 29.300PARTICLE PHYSICS 29.300

GENEVA, 22 JUNE 2007:

SPEAKING AT THE 142nd SESSION OF THE CERN COUNCIL TODAY, THE ORGANIZATION´S DIRECTOR GENERAL ROBERT AYMAR ANNOUNCED THAT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC) WILL START UP IN MAY 2008, TAKING THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS STUDYING PHYSICS AT A NEW HIGH-ENERGY FRONTIER

ON JUNE 30, 2007, DATA TAKING AT THE ELECTRON-PROTON STORAGE RING HERA AT DESY WILL COME TO AN END:

FOR 15 YEARS THE PARTICLE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS AT HERA HAVE PROVIDED A UNIQUE AND DETAILED PICTURE OF THE PROTON AND THE INTERACTING FORCES SAID PROF. ROLF-DIETER HEUER, RESEARCH DIRECTOR AT DESY

TODAYTODAY – – PHYSICS PHYSICS - - TODAYTODAY

FUNDAMENTALFUNDAMENTAL

SYMMETRIESSYMMETRIES

EINSTEIN 1905: SPECIAL THEORY OF EINSTEIN 1905: SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITYRELATIVITY

WIGNER DIXIT:WIGNER DIXIT:

EINSTEIN´S WORK MARKS THE INVERSION OF A EINSTEIN´S WORK MARKS THE INVERSION OF A TENDENCY, FORMERLY THE INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES TENDENCY, FORMERLY THE INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE LAWS OF MOVEMENT. WERE OBTAINED FROM THE LAWS OF MOVEMENT. NOW IT IS NATURAL FOR US TO OBTAIN THE LAWS OF NOW IT IS NATURAL FOR US TO OBTAIN THE LAWS OF NATURE AND PROVE THEIR VALIDITY BY MEANS OF NATURE AND PROVE THEIR VALIDITY BY MEANS OF THE INVARIANCE LAWS.THE INVARIANCE LAWS.

GAUGE SYMMETRYGAUGE SYMMETRY

ENGINE OF THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS ENGINE OF THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS

UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCESUNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES

´T HOOFT DIXIT:´T HOOFT DIXIT:

““TEMPORARY SOLUTION TO NEARLY A CENTURY TEMPORARY SOLUTION TO NEARLY A CENTURY OF QUESTIONS”OF QUESTIONS”

STANDARD MODELSTANDARD MODEL

+ MECANISMO DE HIGGS+ MECANISMO DE HIGGS

(QCD)(QCD) (EW)(EW)

. ONE OF THE GREATEST SUCCESS OF PHYSICS. ONE OF THE GREATEST SUCCESS OF PHYSICS

. COMPRISES PRACTICALLY ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF . COMPRISES PRACTICALLY ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF THE SUBATOMIC WORLD IN A CONCISE SET OF THE SUBATOMIC WORLD IN A CONCISE SET OF PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS.PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS.

. EXCEEDED EXPERIMENTAL TESTS IN ENERGY . EXCEEDED EXPERIMENTAL TESTS IN ENERGY RANGES VERY DISTANT FROM THE ONES INCLUDED RANGES VERY DISTANT FROM THE ONES INCLUDED IN ITS ORIGINAL DESIGNIN ITS ORIGINAL DESIGN

GAUGE FIELD THEORYGAUGE FIELD THEORY

CHARACTERSCHARACTERS

1st. GENERATION1st. GENERATION

COUPLING CONSTANTSCOUPLING CONSTANTS

IS NOT COMPLETE !!!IS NOT COMPLETE !!!

.. AESTHETICAL DEFICIENCIES AESTHETICAL DEFICIENCIES .. PHENOMENA NOT INCLUDED PHENOMENA NOT INCLUDED

CAUSE OF THE SYMMETRY BREAKING CAUSE OF THE SYMMETRY BREAKING ??

GAUGE INTERACTIONS UNIFY GAUGE INTERACTIONS UNIFY ??

GRAVITY GRAVITY ??

DARK MATTER DARK MATTER ??

DARK ENERGY DARK ENERGY ??

SOMETHING ELSE SOMETHING ELSE ??

……

COLLIDERSCOLLIDERS

BEAMS OFBEAMS OF ACCELERATEDACCELERATED

IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS COLLIDE FRONTALLYIN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS COLLIDE FRONTALLY

ELECTRONS ELECTRONS and / or and / or PROTONSPROTONS

ELECTRONS ARE “ELEMENTARY” ELECTRONS ARE “ELEMENTARY” WELL DEFINED INITIAL STATEWELL DEFINED INITIAL STATE

SMALLSMALL

SMALLSMALL SYNCHROTRON RADIATIONSYNCHROTRON RADIATION

INITIAL BREMSSTRAHLUNG WELL KNOWNINITIAL BREMSSTRAHLUNG WELL KNOWN

ELECTRON COLLIDERELECTRON COLLIDER

STANDARD MODEL MACHINESTANDARD MODEL MACHINE

Zº PHYSICSZº PHYSICS

MASSMASS

WIDTHWIDTH

COUPLING Zº TO FERMIONSCOUPLING Zº TO FERMIONS

ASYMMETRIESASYMMETRIES

LEPTON UNIVERSALITYLEPTON UNIVERSALITY

WEIBERG ANGLEWEIBERG ANGLE

FAMILY PICTUREFAMILY PICTURE

CROSS SECTION DIVERGESCROSS SECTION DIVERGES

ANOTHER DIAGRAMMANOTHER DIAGRAMM

Zº TO CURE!Zº TO CURE!

PROTON COLLIDER (TEVATRON)PROTON COLLIDER (TEVATRON)

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NOT IMPORTANTSYNCHROTRON RADIATION NOT IMPORTANT

CROSS SECTION LARGE MANY EVENTSCROSS SECTION LARGE MANY EVENTS

PROTON HAS COMPONENTSPROTON HAS COMPONENTS

(COLLISION AMONG COMPONENTS SHARING THE PROTON MOMENTUM)(COLLISION AMONG COMPONENTS SHARING THE PROTON MOMENTUM)

Ex:Ex:

DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONDISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

PARTON-PARTON CROSS SECTIONPARTON-PARTON CROSS SECTION

MOMENTUM FRACTIONMOMENTUM FRACTION

TEVATRONTEVATRONACCESS TO THE PHYSICS OF THE STANDARD MODELACCESS TO THE PHYSICS OF THE STANDARD MODEL

B PHYSICSB PHYSICSQCDQCDELECTROWEAKELECTROWEAKHIGGS SEARCHHIGGS SEARCH

W MASS WITH GREATER PRECISIONW MASS WITH GREATER PRECISION

PRODUCTION OF WW AND WZ PAIRSPRODUCTION OF WW AND WZ PAIRS

QCD WITH PHOTONSQCD WITH PHOTONS

JETSJETS

PHYSICS OF THE TOPPHYSICS OF THE TOP

CP VIOLATION IN BCP VIOLATION IN B

CABBIBO-KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIXCABBIBO-KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX

ELECTRON AND PROTON COLLIDERSELECTRON AND PROTON COLLIDERSCOMPLEMENTARYCOMPLEMENTARY

PROVIDE “CLEAN” EXPERIMENTS (STANDARD MODEL)PROVIDE “CLEAN” EXPERIMENTS (STANDARD MODEL)

(PRECISION)(PRECISION)

PROVIDE ENOUGH ENERGY FOR DISCOVERIESPROVIDE ENOUGH ENERGY FOR DISCOVERIES

(POTENTIALITY)(POTENTIALITY)

ELECTRON - PROTON COLLIDERELECTRON - PROTON COLLIDER

HERAHERA

ELECTROWEAK PROBE TO ANALYSE ELECTROWEAK PROBE TO ANALYSE THE PROTON STRUCTURETHE PROTON STRUCTURE

SCATTERING OF A LEPTON BY A SCATTERING OF A LEPTON BY A

PROTON (AT HIGH ENOUGH ) PROTON (AT HIGH ENOUGH )

ELASTIC SCATTERING OF THE ELASTIC SCATTERING OF THE

LEPTON BY A POINTLIKE LEPTON BY A POINTLIKE

CONSTITUENT (INCOHERENT) OF CONSTITUENT (INCOHERENT) OF

THE PROTON (PARTON)THE PROTON (PARTON)

““RESOLVING POWER”RESOLVING POWER”

(SIZE RESOLVED IN THE PROTON)(SIZE RESOLVED IN THE PROTON)

EMISION AND ABSORTION OF GLUONSEMISION AND ABSORTION OF GLUONS

MEASURED ATMEASURED AT

PROVIDES EVOLUTION INPROVIDES EVOLUTION IN

BINDEDBINDED

SEASEA

Q LARGER MORE PARTONSQ LARGER MORE PARTONS INVOLVED WITH LOWER xINVOLVED WITH LOWER x

2

FUNCTIONS OFFUNCTIONS OF

VALENCEVALENCE

RADIATIVELY CREATED SEARADIATIVELY CREATED SEA

SLAC 1970SLAC 1970

PROTONPROTONSTRUCTURE FUNCTIONSTRUCTURE FUNCTION

VALENCE QUARKSVALENCE QUARKS

EXCELENT MEASUREMENTS OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN DISEXCELENT MEASUREMENTS OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN DIS

(NEGATIVE CHARGE)(NEGATIVE CHARGE) LINEAR GROWINGLINEAR GROWING

LINEAR GROWINGLINEAR GROWING

SLOPE = INTERSECTIONSLOPE = INTERSECTION

DOMINANTDOMINANT

PROTON [AT LARGE RESOLUTION ( )] HAS PROTON [AT LARGE RESOLUTION ( )] HAS

VALENCE STRUCTUREVALENCE STRUCTURE

WEAKNESS OF WEAKWEAKNESS OF WEAK ANDAND

SLOWSLOW

FASTERFASTER

UNIFICATIONUNIFICATION

AT A LARGE MOMENTUM TRANSFER, THE CROSS SECTIONS OF AT A LARGE MOMENTUM TRANSFER, THE CROSS SECTIONS OF CHARGED (W) AND NEUTRAL (PHOTON + Z) CURRENTS ARE CHARGED (W) AND NEUTRAL (PHOTON + Z) CURRENTS ARE

EQUALEQUAL

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK FORCES HAVE THE THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK FORCES HAVE THE SAME SAME INTENSITYINTENSITY!!!!!!

W BOSONS ARE LEFTISTS!!!W BOSONS ARE LEFTISTS!!!

CC CROSS SECTION AS A FUNCTION OF and POLARIZATIONCC CROSS SECTION AS A FUNCTION OF and POLARIZATION

QUARKSQUARKS

POINTLIKEPOINTLIKE

10% OF DIS EVENTS !!!10% OF DIS EVENTS !!!

IMPACT OF HERA IN LHCIMPACT OF HERA IN LHC

. DISTRIBUTION OF PARTONS MEASURED. DISTRIBUTION OF PARTONS MEASUREDIN HERA FUNDAMENTAL FOR EVENT IN HERA FUNDAMENTAL FOR EVENT PREDICTIONS IN LHCPREDICTIONS IN LHC

. DIFRACTION IN HERA (GAPS) ALLOW TO . DIFRACTION IN HERA (GAPS) ALLOW TO QUANTIFY RESCATTERING IN LHCQUANTIFY RESCATTERING IN LHC

EXPLORES AN ENERGY SCALE (and d)EXPLORES AN ENERGY SCALE (and d)

TOTALLY NEWTOTALLY NEW

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

HIGGS SEARCHHIGGS SEARCH

NEW PHYSICS SEARCHNEW PHYSICS SEARCH SUPERSYMMETRYSUPERSYMMETRY

EXTRA DIMENSIONSEXTRA DIMENSIONS

““SEARCH” OF WHAT IS NOT SEARCHED !SEARCH” OF WHAT IS NOT SEARCHED !

LHC BUILDING LHC BUILDING

ATLAS

CMS

FIRST STEPSFIRST STEPS

UNDERSTANDING THE DETECTORSUNDERSTANDING THE DETECTORS

MEASURING JETS AND COMPARISON WITH QCDMEASURING JETS AND COMPARISON WITH QCD

CALIBRATION OF ENERGYCALIBRATION OF ENERGY

EVENTS WITH W AND ZEVENTS WITH W AND Z

PHYSICS OF THE TOP LOST ENERGYPHYSICS OF THE TOP LOST ENERGY

SEARCH FOR THE HIGGSSEARCH FOR THE HIGGS

HIGGSHIGGS

(FROM RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS ANALYSIS)(FROM RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS ANALYSIS)

ONE ROAD TO HIGGS:ONE ROAD TO HIGGS:

ALLALL

GLUONS IN THE PROTONGLUONS IN THE PROTON

QCD COUPLINGQCD COUPLING

HIGGS COUPLING HIGGS COUPLING

GAUGE COUPLINGGAUGE COUPLING

QUANTUM THEORY (LOOPS)QUANTUM THEORY (LOOPS)

VIRTUAL PARTICLESVIRTUAL PARTICLES

BEYOND THE STANDARD MODELBEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL

ORIGIN OF THE MASSES ORIGIN OF THE MASSES (HIGGS + SOMETHING) (CONFINEMENT)(HIGGS + SOMETHING) (CONFINEMENT)

UNIFICATION (?) UNIFICATION (?)

QUANTUM THEORY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY QUANTUM THEORY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY (STRINGS (?))(STRINGS (?))

LARGELARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONSEXTRA DIMENSIONS

SUPERSYMMETRYSUPERSYMMETRY

UNPARTICLESUNPARTICLES

THEORYTHEORY

SUSYSUSY

PREDICTS THE EXISTENCE OF A NEW WORLD OF PREDICTS THE EXISTENCE OF A NEW WORLD OF PARTICLES WITH MASSES IN THE RANK OF TeVPARTICLES WITH MASSES IN THE RANK OF TeV

(SUPERSYMMETRIC MATES OF THE KNOWN PARTICLES)(SUPERSYMMETRIC MATES OF THE KNOWN PARTICLES)

THEY HAVE: THEY HAVE:

THE SAME QUANTUM NUMBERS BUT THEIR SPINS DIFFER IN ½THE SAME QUANTUM NUMBERS BUT THEIR SPINS DIFFER IN ½

DIFFERENT MASSES (THEY DID NOT APPEAR)DIFFERENT MASSES (THEY DID NOT APPEAR)

GAUGINOS (S=1/2) : GAUGINOS (S=1/2) : WINO, ZINO, GLUINO, FOTINOWINO, ZINO, GLUINO, FOTINO

SPARTICLES (S=0) : SPARTICLES (S=0) : SQUARKS, SLEPTONSSQUARKS, SLEPTONS

HIGGSINOS, GRAVITINOS, …HIGGSINOS, GRAVITINOS, …

R PARITYR PARITY

B: BARYON NUMBERB: BARYON NUMBERL: LEPTON NUMBERL: LEPTON NUMBERS: SPINS: SPIN

B, L, S CONSERVEDB, L, S CONSERVED R CONSERVED R CONSERVED

LIGHTEST SUSY PARTICLE LIGHTEST SUSY PARTICLE (WITH R = -1) (WITH R = -1)

SHOULD BE STABLESHOULD BE STABLE

NORMAL: R= +1NORMAL: R= +1SUSY : R= -1SUSY : R= -1

R = R = ((-1-1))3B+L+2S3B+L+2S

http://mlm.web.cern.ch/mlm/talks/Mangano-Bern.pdf

MANIFESTATIONS OF MANIFESTATIONS OF SUSYSUSY

JETS + TMEJETS + TMESQUARKS/GLUINOSSQUARKS/GLUINOS

EQUAL SIGN DILEPTONS + TMEEQUAL SIGN DILEPTONS + TMEGLUINOSGLUINOS

t tt t + TME + TMESTOPSTOP

PHOTONS + TMEPHOTONS + TME SUSY BREAKINGSUSY BREAKING

SUPERSYMMETRYSUPERSYMMETRY

STABILIZING THE HIGGS MASSSTABILIZING THE HIGGS MASS

ENABLING UNIFICATION ENABLING UNIFICATION

PROVIDING DARK MATTER CANDIDATEPROVIDING DARK MATTER CANDIDATE

UNIFICATION (3 + 2 + 1)UNIFICATION (3 + 2 + 1)

LSP LSP STABLE AT COSMOLOGICAL SCALES!!!STABLE AT COSMOLOGICAL SCALES!!!

THERMAL HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSETHERMAL HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE

RELIC DENSITY APPROPRIATE TO PROVIDERELIC DENSITY APPROPRIATE TO PROVIDE

DARK MATTERDARK MATTER

CORRECT ABUNDANCE AND VERY WEAK INTERACTIONCORRECT ABUNDANCE AND VERY WEAK INTERACTION

BLACK HOLE MASSBLACK HOLE MASS

HIERARCHY PROBLEMHIERARCHY PROBLEM

WHY IS 16 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE HIGHER WHY IS 16 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE HIGHER

THAN THAN ??

POSSIBLE ANSWER :POSSIBLE ANSWER :

EXTRA DIMENSIONS IN THE UNIVERSEEXTRA DIMENSIONS IN THE UNIVERSE

EXTRA DIMENSIONS UP TOEXTRA DIMENSIONS UP TO

(UP TO WHERE THE BEHAVIOR WAS MEASURED OF GRAVITY(UP TO WHERE THE BEHAVIOR WAS MEASURED OF GRAVITY))

But:But:

FORCESFORCES

ARE SENSITIVE TO THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS!ARE SENSITIVE TO THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS!

ORDINARY MATTER LIVES IN DIMENSIONSORDINARY MATTER LIVES IN DIMENSIONS

WIDTH OF EXTRA DIMENSIONSWIDTH OF EXTRA DIMENSIONS

IN EXTRA DIMENSIONS IN EXTRA DIMENSIONS ONLYONLY GRAVITY GRAVITY (BULK)(BULK)

EFFECTIVE SCALE FROM A FUNDAMENTALEFFECTIVE SCALE FROM A FUNDAMENTAL

IN LARGER DIMENSIONSIN LARGER DIMENSIONS

IF IS LARGEIF IS LARGE

((PLANCK MASS IN PLANCK MASS IN ))

IFIF CONTACT BETWEEN GRAVITYCONTACT BETWEEN GRAVITYAND PARTICLE SCALES !AND PARTICLE SCALES !

SPECTACULARSPECTACULAR

BLACK HOLE PRODUCTIONBLACK HOLE PRODUCTION

BASIC IDEABASIC IDEA

IFIF

PARTICLE COLLISIONS CAN PRODUCEPARTICLE COLLISIONS CAN PRODUCE

BUTBUT

SCENARIOS WITHSCENARIOS WITH

GRAVITATION ATGRAVITATION AT

LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONSLARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS

LARGE WARPINGLARGE WARPING

METRIC IN D-DIMENSIONS (WARPED)METRIC IN D-DIMENSIONS (WARPED)

EXTRA COORDINATESEXTRA COORDINATES WARP FACTORWARP FACTOR

WARPED VOLUME (WV)WARPED VOLUME (WV)

WV LARGEWV LARGE

DILUTION OF FIELD LINES IN THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS DILUTION OF FIELD LINES IN THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS

SCENARIO WITH BRANES NECESSARYSCENARIO WITH BRANES NECESSARY

(BEHAVIOR OF GAUGE FORCES)(BEHAVIOR OF GAUGE FORCES)

PRODUCTION AND DECAY OF BLACK HOLESPRODUCTION AND DECAY OF BLACK HOLES

(PRODUCTION PROLIFIC AND WITH SIGNATURES)(PRODUCTION PROLIFIC AND WITH SIGNATURES)

CLASSICAL GRAVITYCLASSICAL GRAVITY

BLACK HOLE FORMATION IF IMPACT PARAMETERBLACK HOLE FORMATION IF IMPACT PARAMETER

(SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS)(SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS)

PARTONIC LEVEL

CONVOLUTION WITH STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS

DECAYDECAY(SEVERAL PHASES)(SEVERAL PHASES)

FORMATION ASYMMETRIES MULTIPOLAR MOMENTSFORMATION ASYMMETRIES MULTIPOLAR MOMENTS

STATIONARY BLACK HOLE HAS NOT HAIRSSTATIONARY BLACK HOLE HAS NOT HAIRS

LOOSE THEM LOOSE THEM BALDINGBALDING

EMISION OF RADIATION (GRAVITATIONAL AND GAUGE) EMISION OF RADIATION (GRAVITATIONAL AND GAUGE)

AND EMISION OF CHARGESAND EMISION OF CHARGES

KERR BLACK HOLEKERR BLACK HOLE (WITHOUT ROTATING CHARGE) (WITHOUT ROTATING CHARGE)

LOOSING ANGULAR MOMENTUMLOOSING ANGULAR MOMENTUM

HAWKING RADIATION (THERMAL EMISION)HAWKING RADIATION (THERMAL EMISION)

TEMPERATURE:TEMPERATURE:

QUANTUM GRAVITYQUANTUM GRAVITY

EXPERIMENTAL SIGNALSEXPERIMENTAL SIGNALS

SPHERICITYSPHERICITY

HIGH MULTIPLICITYHIGH MULTIPLICITY

LEPTONS AND JETS WITH HIGHLEPTONS AND JETS WITH HIGH

THERMAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIESTHERMAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS SPINDOWNANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS SPINDOWN

OTHER “EXPERIMENTS” OTHER “EXPERIMENTS”

NUCLEAR PHYSICSNUCLEAR PHYSICS““RIP”RIP”

REQUIESCAT IN PACEM (?)

DATA FROM HUBBLE + CHANDRA + LENSINGDATA FROM HUBBLE + CHANDRA + LENSING BULLET CLUSTERBULLET CLUSTER

COLISSION OF TWO CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES. COLISSION OF TWO CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES. INTERACTING ORDINARY MATTER GENERATED X RAYS. INTERACTING ORDINARY MATTER GENERATED X RAYS. DARK MATTER GOES THROUGH WITH ALMOST NO INTERACTIONDARK MATTER GOES THROUGH WITH ALMOST NO INTERACTIONRED: X RAYS X DETECTED BY CHANDRARED: X RAYS X DETECTED BY CHANDRABLUE: INVISIBLE MASS INVISIBLE DETECTED BY LENSINGBLUE: INVISIBLE MASS INVISIBLE DETECTED BY LENSING

DARK MATTER 25%DARK MATTER 25%DARK ENERGY 70%DARK ENERGY 70%

WE… WE… 5% 5%

IT IS DIFFICULT TO MANTAIN ONESELF IT IS DIFFICULT TO MANTAIN ONESELF ANTHROPICANTHROPIC

WHEN OUR COMPONENTSWHEN OUR COMPONENTSARE ONLY ARE ONLY 5%5% OF THE UNIVERSE… OF THE UNIVERSE…

THE UNIVERSE TODAY “IS” QUITE THE UNIVERSE TODAY “IS” QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE WE HAVEDIFFERENT FROM THE ONE WE HAVE

10 YEARS AGO !!!10 YEARS AGO !!!

garcia@fisica.unlp.edu.ar