ECOLOGY THROUGH TIME REVIEW Historical Overfishing and the ...
overfishing 10-8 2011
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Overfishing
By Kurtova, KalinaIanatchkova, ElenaNetcheva, Nadya
10/8
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What does “overfishing” mean?
When people catch fish faster than the fish can repopulate (7) http://ecogeneration.org/activities/news/view.html?boardno=47&cat1=0&cat2=0&thread=1108&no=1108&page=2&search=&keyword=
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Is the current level of global fish catch sustainable?
No, it is not.
Even though our planet has enough fish to cover other four planets, MANY SPECIES HAVE BEEN REDUCED OR HAVE BECOME EXTINCT.
Marine scientists now think that overfishing is a bigger threat to the ocean environment than pollution (10)
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Overfishing and the food web
http://amurdoch.tripod.com/yr4/AntFoodWeb.JPG
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Fishing down the food chainThe fishermen catch large fish which they
can sell for much money, but as the time passes it becomes hard of even impossible to catch such species, so the have to catch smaller fish with less economic value. (13)
So the fishermen go from the upper part of the food chain downwards. (13)
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Fishing down the food chain
http://naturalpatriot.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg
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Why do governments support money-losing and ecosystem-destroying fishing industries?!
http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/playlist/2009/04/-pastes-tax-refund-playlist-cash-money-mix.html
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Why do governments support money-losing and ecosystem-destroying fishing industries?!
To support the livelihood of fishing communities and people living in these areas that depend on fishing as a way to earn money and make a living
To not support these industries would be an unpopular measure, as people around fishing communities have usually been doing the same thing (fishing) for generations
Even though the fishing industries are money-losing, if the governments stop the fishing they will have to spend much more money in order to train the fishermen to do some other job and to relocate them and their families to another area
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Does anybody win from the overfishing?
http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article.htm
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What is Bycatch?
http://www.safmc.net/Portals/0/shrimp%20bycatch.jpg
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What is bycatch? Billions of unwanted animals, like
dolphins, sea-turtles, sharks and starfish, are caught by accident every year and then returned to the ocean dead or dying.
A major problem for the fishing industry since it wastes valuable resources and time.
However, it is even more harmful to the ecosystems since it poses a threat to many marine animals and decreases their populations. (5)
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Particularly Harming Fishing
One of the most harming ones is trawling, which means to drag huge nets, sometimes as big as a football field, across the ocean floor. This results in big amounts of bycatch.
The other very harmful method is using dredges, which are metal frames with attached bags, and are used to catch species living in the sand. This not only results in bycatch, but it damages the surface of the ocean as well. (12)
http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_gear.aspx
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What is bottom – trawling? Bottom-trawling is towing a fishing net along the
sea floor and it is a very destructive fishing method as large heavy plates are dragged across the sea floor and entire marine life habitats are forced into a net.
Benthic trawling is when you tow a net at the bottom of the ocean floor
Demersal trawling is when you a tow a net just above the benthic zone
Whatever is caught in the net is then sorted at the surface with only the target/commercial species being kept
(bibliography: 1, 2, 3)
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www.greenpeace.org/australia/
admin/image-library2/
before-and-after-view-of-botto?mode=send
http://www.duke.edu/web/nicholas/bio217/durkee-eyler-franken/trawling.html
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http://ian.\umces.edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-5280.html
“No-take zones”
They protect populations of targeted marine species and can greatly help ecosystems (6)
Areas set aside permanently from human disturbance
They increase the diversity of the species, their abundance and biomass. (13) Moreover, bigger fish have more babies – so they increase the number of species too!!
They also conserve habitats and protect different organisms
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What is the impact of aquaculture on wild fish populations ?
Aquaculture – also known as aquafarming; Populating fish in controlled conditions (8)• Aquaculture reduces the world’s dependence on
wild stocks of fish, provides new jobs, and helps to feed the world’s growing population
• Some species can turn harmful organic wastes into edible fish meat
• Farming of shrimp and salmon has been found to have a negative impact
• If the growing of fish produces a net loss of protein, then aquaculture creates a negative ecological impact (18)
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Example 1Newfoundland, CanadaHappened in 1992;No Cod at the beginning of the seasonNo fish was sold during that periodDue to the overfishing there was no Cod;
This resulted in :- About 40000 people changed their style of living;- Even nowadays, the situation have not improved to
reach usual number of Cod, - the slow recovering; (13)
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/collapse-of-atlantic-cod-stocks-off-the-east-coast-of-newfoundland-in-1992
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Example 2
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/pwe/lowres/pwen25l.jpg
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Example 2Ovefishing of Mediterranean bluefin tuna in EuropeThe stocks of the fish arebecoming dangerously lowdue to over-fishing - It is highly valued in Japan and a kilo of it can sell
for up to hundreds of dollars- In a report published by the WWF, the fish caught
by the flee is more than 3 times the amount suggested by scientists (9)
- There have been talks of what actions to take in order to stabilize the bluefin population, but the estimates from 2009 are that this fast and large predator will be wiped out in 3 years (14)
http://www.wpp.com/corporateresponsibilityreports/2008/pro-bono/case-studies/ogilvy-uk-wwf.html
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Bibliography 1. "Www.deepsearch.org » Glossary of Terms Related to
Boats, Submarines, Sub-sea Communications, Marine Science, and Deep Ocean Research." Www.deepsearch.org. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. <http://www.deepsearch.org/?page_id=26>.
2. "Glossary." Marine Conservation Biology Institute. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. <http://www.mcbi.org/shining_sea/glossary.htm>.
3. "Bottom Trawling." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_trawling>.
4. "Environmental Impact of Aquaculture." Providence College - Home. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. <http://www.providence.edu/polisci/students/aquaculture/environmentalimpact.html>.
5. "What is Bycatch?" Smart Gear. © WWF, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.smartgear.org/smartgear_bycatch/>.
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6. Pichegru, L. "Marine no-take zone rapidly benefits endangered penguin." Biology Letters. © The Royal Society 2010, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2010/02/04/ rsbl.2009.0913>.
7. "What does 'over fishing' mean?" Cha Cha. © Copyright 2006-2010 ChaCha Search, Inc, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.chacha.com/question/ what-does-'over-fishing'-mean>.
8. "Aquaculture." Wikipedia. Wikipedia®, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture>.
9. "Europe Clamps Down on Overfishing of Bluefin Tuna." ENS Newswire. Copyright Environment News Service, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. <http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2008/2008-03-20-01.html>.
10. "Overfishing." See the Sea. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://see-the-sea.org/topics/commerce/overfishing.htm>.
11. "Bycatch." See the Sea. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://see-the-sea.org/ topics/commerce/bycatch.htm>.
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12. "Fishing Methods." Monterey Bay Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_gear.aspx>.
13. Hughes, Terry. "What are the Benefits of No-Take Zones? How Do They Work? ." Coralcoe. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://www.coralcoe.org.au/research-tools/qpwstalks/NO-TAKE%20ZONES.pdf>.
14. Harding, Ben. "Overfishing to wipe out bluefin tuna in 3 years: WWF." Reuters. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://www.reuters.com/
article/idUSTRE53D00320090414>. 15. "Overfishing - A Global Environmental Problem, Threat and Disaster."
Overfishing - A Global Environmental Problem, Threat and Disaster. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://overfishing.org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem.php>.
16. "Overfishing." Clean Funny Cartoons / Environmental Issues ... on Grinning Planet. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article.htm>.
17. "Overfishing - A Global Environmental Problem, Threat and Disaster." Overfishing - A Global Environmental Problem, Threat and Disaster. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://overfishing.org/pages/what_is_overfishing.php>.
18. "Environmental Impact of Aquaculture." Providence College - Home. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. <http://www.providence.edu/polisci/students/aquaculture/environmentalimpact.html>.