Overall course structure AI Artificial Intelligence ( A modern approach ) AI-2 Spring semester...
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Overall course structure
AI Artificial Intelligence
(A modern approach)
AI-2 Spring semester
TDT4171
Methods in artificial intelligence
AI-1 Fall semester
TDT 4136
Logic and reasoning systems
Course prehistory
TDT 4125
Logic
IT2702Artificial Intelligence
TDT4170
Knowledge systems
TDT4171
Methods in aerificial intelligence
TDT4136
Logic and reasoning systems
Before
Now
Levels of intelligence
7. Can A be alive (not allowed to be killed) ?
6. Can A have a (genuine) consciousness ?
5. Can A feel real feelings (pain,sorrow,happiness)?
4. Can A think ?
3. Can A reason ?
2. Can A deduce ?
1. Can A compute ?
Replace A with human/child/embryo/ape/robot/computer
What is your opinion ?
What is intelligence ?
Intelligence is the ability to solve new problems based on earlier experience.
What is AIArtificial Intelligence is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by man.
(Prof. Marvin Minsky)
AI is the study of how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better.
(Prof. Elaine Rich)
(Horizon effect: If it works, it is no longer AI)
Artificial Intelligence versus Cognitive Science
Although a computer can do logical reasoning, it does not mean that the computer is trying to simulate a human.
In fact, computers can do logical reasoning better than humans.
We can say, with a twist, that AI is the science of correct thinking, while CS is the science of incorrect thinking. (Errare humane est).
Symbolic ProcessingProgramming Languages
LISP
• List as universal data structure
• Program = Data (= List)
•Function oriented
•Recursion
•Automatic storage allocation
•Programming environments
PROLOG
•Predicate logic as programming language•Prediacates as programs•Lists and terms as data structure•Built in search method for problem solving•”European answer to LISP”•Chosen as basis for 5.generation computer project
Knowledge Based SystemsKnowledge
Information about the word that allows an expert to solve problems
Knowledge representation
Information about the world that allows a computer to solve problems
Knowledge base
The collection of represented knowledge
Knowledge based system
System that solves problems based on represented knowledge.
Expert system
System that can solve problems on an expert level (anyhow)
The Intelligence Pyramid
Wisdom
Intelligence
Data
Knowledge
Noise
Information
Each level is a set of relations on the level below
Example of classic KB system
MYCIN (1970)
•Diagnose likely infecting organisms in blood and
meningitis infections
•About 400 diagnostic rules
•About 50 therapy rules