OVARY AND MAMMARY OVARY AND MAMMARY GLANDGLAND

OVARIESOVARIES

•Ovarian Ovarian ligament ligament

•Suspensory Suspensory ligamentligament

•MesovariumMesovarium

FUNCTIONS OF OVARIESFUNCTIONS OF OVARIES

1.Ova production 1.Ova production

2.Hormone production2.Hormone production

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE OF OVARYOF OVARY

•Covered with germinal Covered with germinal epithelium epithelium

•Tunica AlbugineaTunica Albuginea

•Cortex (outer layer) Cortex (outer layer)

•Medulla (inner core)Medulla (inner core)

GERMINAL GERMINAL EPITHELIUMEPITHELIUM

•Surface Surface epithelium epithelium having a having a single layer single layer of columnar of columnar or cuboidal or cuboidal cellscells

GERMINAL EPITHELIUMGERMINAL EPITHELIUM

TUNICA ALBUGENIATUNICA ALBUGENIA

• Dense Dense connective connective tissue present tissue present between between epithelium and epithelium and cortexcortex

CORTEXCORTEX

CORTEXCORTEX

• Outer zoneOuter zone• Contains Contains

follicles and follicles and smooth muscle smooth muscle fibresfibres

• Only primordial Only primordial and primary and primary follicles before follicles before pubertypuberty

MEDULLAMEDULLA

•Inner zoneInner zone

• Contains loose , connective Contains loose , connective tissue, blood tissue, blood vessels ,lymphatics and vessels ,lymphatics and nervesnerves

MEDULLA OF OVARYMEDULLA OF OVARY

TYPES OF OVARIAN TYPES OF OVARIAN FOLLICLESFOLLICLES

• Primordial FolliclePrimordial Follicle

• Growing Follicle/Antral FolliclesGrowing Follicle/Antral Follicles

1.1. Primary FolliclePrimary Follicle

2.2. Secondary FollicleSecondary Follicle

• Mature /Graffian FollicleMature /Graffian Follicle

PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

• Earliest stage of developmentEarliest stage of development

• Independent of gonadotrophin Independent of gonadotrophin stimulationstimulation

• Oocyte is 30 micrometerOocyte is 30 micrometer

PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

PRIMARY FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLE

• Changes in oocyte ,follicular Changes in oocyte ,follicular cells and stromacells and stroma

• Follicular cells become cuboidalFollicular cells become cuboidal• Zona pellucida appears between Zona pellucida appears between

oocyte and folliclesoocyte and follicles• Oocyte size 50 to 80 micrometerOocyte size 50 to 80 micrometer• Basal lamina separates the Basal lamina separates the

follicle from stromafollicle from stroma

PRIMARY FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLE

PRIMARY FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLE

• 1 - primary follicle1 - primary follicle2 - follicular 2 - follicular (granulosa) cells(granulosa) cells3 - oocyte3 - oocyte4 - zona pellucida4 - zona pellucida5 - primordial 5 - primordial folliclefollicle8 - interstitial 8 - interstitial connective tissueconnective tissue9 - theca9 - theca

LATE PRIMARY LATE PRIMARY FOLLICLEFOLLICLE

• Stratum Stratum GranulosumGranulosum

• Theca FolliculiTheca Folliculi• Cortical granules Cortical granules

developdevelop• Microvilli from Microvilli from

oocyte developoocyte develop

Stratum GranulosumStratum Granulosum

• Stratified Stratified epithelium appear epithelium appear due to due to proliferation of proliferation of follicle cellsfollicle cells

• Outermost layer is Outermost layer is columnarcolumnar

• Gap junctions Gap junctions between between granulosa cellsgranulosa cells

Theca FolliculiTheca Folliculi

• Stromal cells Stromal cells forming sheath forming sheath of connective of connective tissue .It is tissue .It is subdivided subdivided into two layersinto two layers

1.1.Theca internaTheca interna

2.2.Theca externaTheca externa

COMPOSITION OF THECA COMPOSITION OF THECA FOLLICULIFOLLICULI

•Theca interna the inner vascular Theca interna the inner vascular layer is formed of cuboidal layer is formed of cuboidal secretory secretory cells,fibroblasts,collagen cells,fibroblasts,collagen bundles and LH receptorsbundles and LH receptors

•Theca externa consists of Theca externa consists of smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle cells and collagen fiberscollagen fibers

SECONDARY SECONDARY FOLLICLEFOLLICLE

• Few relative to number of Few relative to number of primary folliclesprimary follicles

• Produce follicular fluidProduce follicular fluid

• Rapid enlargementRapid enlargement

• Cumulus OophorusCumulus Oophorus

Secondary FollicleSecondary Follicle

Tertiary or Graffian Tertiary or Graffian FollicleFollicle

convert Androgens convert Androgens to Estrogento Estrogen

Estrogens cause Estrogens cause Follicular growth Follicular growth and sensitization and sensitization of Gonadotropesof Gonadotropes

A surge of FSH and A surge of FSH and LHLH

Granulosa cellsGranulosa cells

ATRETIC FOLLICLEATRETIC FOLLICLE

               

                                     

               

                                     

• Degeneration Degeneration of oocyteof oocyte

• Break down of Break down of zona pellucidazona pellucida

• Separation Separation and increased and increased thickness of thickness of basement basement membranemembrane

CORPUS LUTEUMCORPUS LUTEUM

• After ovulation, a temporary endocrine gland After ovulation, a temporary endocrine gland is constructed from what remains of the is constructed from what remains of the folliclefollicle

• Granulosa and theca interna cells Granulosa and theca interna cells hypertrophy after ovulationhypertrophy after ovulation

• Blood vessels of the theca interna grow into Blood vessels of the theca interna grow into the interior of corpus luteum and provide the interior of corpus luteum and provide rich vascular networkrich vascular network

• Develop characteristics of steroid secreting Develop characteristics of steroid secreting cellscells

• The corpus luteum produces estrogen and The corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesteroneprogesterone

CORPUS LUTEUMCORPUS LUTEUM

Theca lutein cellsTheca lutein cells

• Smaller in Smaller in size ,contain dark size ,contain dark staining nucleistaining nuclei

Granulosa lutein Granulosa lutein cellscells

• Large pale staining Large pale staining cells with large cells with large vesicular nucleivesicular nuclei

• Form a thick folded Form a thick folded layerlayer

CORPUS ALBICANSCORPUS ALBICANS

•Degenerated Corpus LuteumDegenerated Corpus Luteum

• large masses of amorphous large masses of amorphous eosinophilic staining material eosinophilic staining material

•Low cellularity.Low cellularity.

•Collagenous scar tissue that has Collagenous scar tissue that has filled the space occupied by the filled the space occupied by the corpus luteum.corpus luteum.

CORPUS ALBICANSCORPUS ALBICANS

INACTIVE MAMMARY GLANDINACTIVE MAMMARY GLAND

• Sparse Sparse glandular glandular tissuetissue

• Consist of Consist of tubules tubules having the having the appearance of appearance of ductsducts

MAMMARY GLAND DURING MAMMARY GLAND DURING PREGNANCYPREGNANCY