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![Page 1: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Outlook and Forecast
Canada and the Global Economy
Hendrik Brakel
Economic and Political Intelligence Centre
Export Development Canada
October 2013
![Page 2: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
GEARING UP for Growth
![Page 3: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Consumer Coming Back…(US Consumer Confidence, 1985=100)
3 Source: Conference Board
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US Housing: Back to balance!(Surplus units, thousands)
4 Source: EDC Economics
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US housing: gaining strength(Housing starts SAAR, ‘000 units)
5 Sources: US Census Bureau, Haver Analytics
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Definite upward trend in home prices(US market, various sources, yoy %)
6 Sources: S&P, CoreLogic, FHFA, NAR, Haver Analytics
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US Consumers: strong, stable trend!(Inflation-adjusted retail sales, $M)
7 Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4%
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Cash & near-cash, US corporations, $B
Source: Federal Reserve Board, Haver Analytics
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US spare capacity close to peak(Utilization of existing industrial capacity, %)
9 Sources: US Federal Reserve Board, Haver Analytics
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Tighter capacity spurring investment(Capacity utilization, % and investment, yoy)
10 Sources: US Federal Reserve Board, BEA, Haver Analytics
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Underlying growth, recovery-style(US GDP, chained $2005, %)
11 Source: BEA, Haver Analytics
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Euro-Area Recession: Interminable?(Euro Area-17 GDP, % SAAR)
12 Source: Eudata
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Sign of moderating concern?(10-yr sovereign bond yields, %)
13 Sources: S&P, CoreLogic, FHFA, NAR, Haver Analytics
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Japan: Hope in recent policy moves?(GDP, SAAR, %)
14 Sources: Cabinet Office of Japan, Haver Analytics
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BRIC Economies: Slowing? (GDP, % yoy, quarterly SAAR)
15 Sources: Country statistical agencies, Haver Analytics
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QE Unwind Causing Trouble…
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QE3: Where’s the Money??
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QE3: Where’s the Money??
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QE3: Where’s the Money??
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Liquidity distortions?
Cash already in the system
Cash injection
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Stockmarkets% Change between QE1 Announcement and End
2012
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Bond Spreads% Change between QE1 Announcement and End
2012
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Now, a normalization?
Normal Flows
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Stockmarkets% Change between QE1 Announcement and End
2012
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Bond spreads% Change between QE1 Announcement and End
2012
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Who is at risk??
EDC Liquidity Flight Vulnerability
Ranking
Average Annual Bank credit growth 2009-2012
(%)
Rank
Average CAB 2009-
2012 (% of GDP)
Rank
Portfolio Flows (2009-
2012) as % of 2012
GDP
Rank
Turkey 1 26.07 2 (6.18) 3 8.0% 2 Sri Lanka 2 17.82 6 (4.27) 6 5.6% 8 India 3 17.30 7 (3.72) 10 4.0% 10 Poland 4 7.97 21 (4.38) 5 7.6% 3 Vietnam 5 23.83 3 (0.80) 17 2.9% 13 Mexico 6 13.93 10 (0.62) 19 6.4% 5 Dominican Rep 7 12.63 12 (7.21) 1 0.2% 23 Argentina 8 30.44 1 0.70 22 2.4% 14 Indonesia 9 21.91 4 0.04 21 3.3% 12 Brazil 10 18.76 5 (2.06) 14 1.1% 19 South Africa 11 5.33 22 (4.11) 8 3.7% 11 Costa Rica 12 9.03 17 (4.03) 9 1.7% 16 Colombia 13 15.78 8 (2.78) 12 -0.2% 24 Kazakhstan 14 8.86 18 2.41 24 7.2% 4 Morocco 15 8.72 20 (7.12) 2 -1.4% 26 South Korea 16 3.57 25 3.25 25 10.2% 1 Ukraine 17 2.04 28 (4.56) 4 1.0% 20 Peru 18 12.15 13 (2.16) 13 -3.4% 28 Thailand 19 13.32 11 3.47 26 1.6% 17 Romania 20 2.21 27 (4.25) 7 1.0% 21
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Canadian dollar outlook
27
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Canadian consumer debt: piling up(consumer debt as a share of disposable income, %)
28 Source: Statistics Canada
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Uh-oh, a Canadian housing bubble?(Housing starts SAAR, ‘000 units)
29 Sources: CMHC, Haver Analytics
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Shift to Investment
NR Can assessment
600 resource-sector projects…
…estimated cost: $650 billion
Large draw on labour force
All regions participate
True North: next frontier
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Emerging Market Trade Booming(Emerging market share of total merchandise exports, %)
31 Sources: Statistics Canada, EDC Economics
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Trade’s ‘Forgotten Parallel Universe’(Foreign affiliate sales indexes, 2000=100)
32 Sources: Statistics Canada, EDC Economics
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33
Europe - Foreign Affiliate Sales vs. Direct Exports
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 376-0061 - Foreign affiliate trade statistics, Canadian operations abroad, by countries, annual, CANSIM (database).
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A force to be reckoned with(Merchandise trade vs. foreign affiliate sales, non-OECD)
34 Sources: Statistics Canada, EDC Economics
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Labour force in trouble(Estimated labour force aged 15-64)
35 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, EDC Economics
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Labour force population in trouble(Statistics Canada M2 projection, population 15-54)
36 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics; based on 1988-96 trends
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Estimated strain: unemployment(Estimated unemployment rate, % of labour force)
37 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, EDC Economics
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Most Pressing Challenge Companies Face
38 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, EDC Economics
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Labour Market Conditions(the ability of companies to attract and retain workers)
39
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Does your company face immediate labour and/or skills shortage today?
40 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, EDC Economics
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Companies facing labour shortages by province
41 Sources: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, EDC Economics
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Occupations with labour shortages
42
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A Historic Shortage?
Overall in Canada, 220K job vacancies for 1.31M unemployed, 17.1M employed
Canada’s 1.3% vacancy rate near historic lows
In the US, 3.7M vacancies for 136.3M employed
US 2.7% vacancy rate relatively high
In both Canada and the US, little evidence of a labour shortage at the National level, however certain regions and industries as tight as pre-crisis period.
![Page 44: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
A Worsening Skills Shortage
Causes:
The Knowledge Economy
Technology and automation
Structural growth in certain skills and occupations
Rising demand for communication and social skills
Demographics and Regional industries
Immigration and restrictions on occupational entry
Schools and universities not adapting
But…Do businesses share responsibility??
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A Skills shortage or a Training shortage?
Dr. Peter Capelli at Wharton: real culprits are employers themselves.
With an abundance of workers to choose from, employers are demanding more of job candidates than ever before.
Must be able to fill a role right away, without any training or ramp-up time.
Jobs can be organized in many different ways so that candidates who have very different credentials can do them successfully.
Only 10% of the people in IT jobs during the Silicon Valley tech boom of the 1990s, for example, had IT-related degrees.
Is a master’s necessary or could someone with a little training do the job pretty well?
Need to focus internally
In the US, apprenticeship and management training programs have largely disappeared
Young people taking unpaid internships
In some large organizations a staggering two thirds of vacancies staffed externally
Not enough on-the-job education: Organize work so that employees are given projects that help them learn new skills
![Page 46: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A Skills shortage or a Training shortage?
Dr. Peter Capelli at Wharton: real culprits are employers themselves.
With an abundance of workers to choose from, employers are demanding more of job candidates than ever before.
Must be able to fill a role right away, without any training or ramp-up time.
Jobs can be organized in many different ways so that candidates who have very different credentials can do them successfully.
During the Silicon Valley tech boom of the 1990s, Only 10% of the people in IT jobs had IT-related degrees.
Is a master’s necessary or could someone with a little training do the job pretty well?
Need to focus internally, succession planning
In the US, apprenticeship and management training programs have largely disappeared
Young people taking unpaid internships
In some large organizations a staggering two thirds of vacancies staffed externally
Not enough on-the-job education: Organize work so that employees are given projects that help them learn new skills
![Page 47: Outlook and Forecast Canada and the Global Economy Hendrik Brakel Economic and Political Intelligence Centre Export Development Canada October 2013.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649cf45503460f949c18a9/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Possible Strategies for Coping with a Labour/Skills Shortage
Short-term Strategies
Increase pay and benefits
Increase work hours and productivity of existing worker
More focused employee training
Flexible work arrangements, use of technology
Medium-Long Term
Bring back aspects of apprenticeship for specialized niches
Work with educational institutions
Better integration of immigrants, recognition of foreign credentials
Redefine workforce to adopt more external talent
Use of outsourcing, freelancing for core functions
Partnership and Joint Ventures
Direct Investment Abroad – Access talent pool overseas
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Visit us atVisit us atwww.edc.ca/economicswww.edc.ca/economics
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