Outline History of Tilt-Up Construction design for Tilt-up Fadi...Concrete Mix Design of Tilt-up...
Transcript of Outline History of Tilt-Up Construction design for Tilt-up Fadi...Concrete Mix Design of Tilt-up...
Concrete Mix Design Criteria
for Tilt-Up Construction in The
Arabian Peninsula
Fadi Elayache, Abu Dhabi May 19th 2010 Fadi Elayache, Abu Dhabi May 19th 2010
Alliance
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Typical Performance Parameters of A Mix Design
For Tilt-up Cost usually Does
not exceed 300 Dhs/ Cum
For Tilt-up Cost usually Does
not exceed 300 Dhs/ Cum
For Tilt-up, Slump
shall be between
150 + 25 mm
For Tilt-up, Slump
shall be between
150 + 25 mm
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Outline
Strength
7- Recommendations for a
Concrete Mix Design of Tilt-up
Construction
7- Recommendations for a
Concrete Mix Design of Tilt-up
Construction3
History of Tilt-Up Construction
“Tilt-up construction eliminates the costly,
cumbersome practice of erecting two wooden walls
to get one concrete wall.”
~ Thomas Edison, 1903 ~
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History of Tilt-Up Construction
Tilt-Up is a cost effectivebuilding method that
achieves the benefits of
solid steel-reinforcedconcrete walls, quickly,and without the need for
wall forms or scaffolding
TILT-UP DIGEST 6,
Steel Reinforcement, Institute of Australia
No Block workNo External PlasterNo Internal PlasterNo Exterior ColumnsNo LintelsNo Bond Beams
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Current trends of Tilt-Up Construction
50
100
150
200
250
300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Million SF Tilt-Up Wall
• About 100 million Sqm of Built–up area are constructed with tilt-up every year worldwide. Mainly in the US, Canada, Australia, Mexico and New Zealand
• Tilt-up is growing at about 20 % yearly in the US
• In the ME, First Tilt-up is under construction in Jordan
• The next ones will be in Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan shortly
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The Tilt-Up Method
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The Tilt-Up Process
Forming the
Panels on a clean
leveled Slab on
Grade
Forming the
Panels on a clean
leveled Slab on
Grade
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The Tilt-Up Process
Add Architectural
Rustication if
Required
Add Architectural
Rustication if
Required
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The Tilt-Up Process
Apply The Bond-
Breaker Agent
Apply The Bond-
Breaker Agent
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The Tilt-Up Process
Reinforcement &
inserts placement
Reinforcement &
inserts placement
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The Tilt-Up Process
Concrete Casting
& Consolidation
Concrete Casting
& Consolidation
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The Tilt-Up Process
Curing 5 to 7 Days
& Preparation for
Tilting
Curing 5 to 7 Days
& Preparation for
Tilting
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The Tilt-Up Process
Imperative Testing
Compressive &
Bending Strength
Imperative Testing
Compressive &
Bending Strength
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Lifting , It is a Day You Don’t Want to MissLifting , It is a Day You Don’t Want to Miss
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Multi-Stories With Tilt-up
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Temporary Bracing
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Grouting
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Structural Roof/ Slab Diaphragm made of
Steel Joist, beams and decking
Braces Remain in-place until the
Engineer of Record confirms they can
be removed
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Structural Roof/ Slab Diaphragm made of
Hollow Core or CIP Reinforced Concrete Slab
Braces Remain in-place until the
Engineer of Record confirms they can
be removed
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Cleaning and Painting
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Creativity With Tilt-up
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Beacon Pointe, Weston, FL
Creativity With Tilt-up
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Insulated Sandwich Panels
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Is Tilt-up the Same as Precast ?
Precast
RC Walls
Cast in plant
Transported to Site
Multiple Handling
Width 3.5 - 4.0 m
Height: Up to 12 m
Weight 5 to 15 ton
Tilt-up Records:Width = 30 mHeight =33 mWeight = 150 Ton
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Tilt-up
RC Walls
Cast on Site
No Transportation
Single Handling
Width up to 12 m
Height: 22 to 27 m
Weight: 45 to 55 ton
In Service Loadings and Transverse Load Resistance
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Applied Loadings
Stresses from Lifting Load are most likely to Govern
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EDGE LIFT
Thick- Panel Height (m) = H ness 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
100 mm 1.58 2.27 120 mm 1.31 1.89 2.57
150 mm 1.05 1.51 2.06 2.69 175 mm 0.90 1.30 1.76 2.30 2.91
200 mm 0.79 1.13 1.54 2.01 2.55
Sample of (1.4) Factored Tilt-up Maximum Flexural Tensile Stress (MPa)
of 1 m wide Solid Panel
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SINGLE ROW FACE LIFT (2pt) Thick- Panel Height (m) = H
ness 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 100 mm 1.36 1.72 2.12 2.56
120 mm 1.13 1.43 1.77 2.14 2.54 150 mm 0.90 1.14 1.41 1.71 2.03 2.39 2.77
175 mm 0.78 0.98 1.21 1.46 1.74 2.05 2.37 2.72 200 mm 0.68 0.86 1.06 1.28 1.53 1.79 2.08 2.39
Sample of (1.4) Factored Tilt-up Maximum Flexural Tensile Stress (MPa)
of 1 m wide Solid Panel
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SINGLE ROW FACE LIFT (4 pt) Thick- Panel Height (m) = H
ness 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 100 mm 1.36 1.72 2.12 2.56
120 mm 1.13 1.43 1.77 2.14 2.54 150 mm 0.90 1.14 1.41 1.71 2.03 2.39 2.77
175 mm 0.78 0.98 1.21 1.46 1.74 2.05 2.37 2.72 200 mm 0.68 0.86 1.06 1.28 1.53 1.79 2.08 2.39
Sample of (1.4) Factored Tilt-up Maximum Flexural Tensile Stress (MPa)
of 1 m wide Solid Panel
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DOUBLE ROW FACE LIFT Thick- Panel Height (m) = H
ness 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5
100 mm 1.60 1.86 2.13 2.42 120 mm 1.33 1.55 1.78 2.02 2.28 2.56
150 mm 1.07 1.24 1.42 1.62 1.83 2.05 2.28 2.53 175 mm 0.91 1.06 1.22 1.39 1.56 1.75 1.95 2.16 2.39
200 mm 0.80 0.93 1.07 1.21 1.37 1.53 1.71 1.90 2.09
Sample of (1.4) Factored Tilt-up Maximum Flexural Tensile Stress (MPa)
of 1 m wide Solid Panel
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All of the above shall not exceed the flexural strength of concrete as obtained by ASTM C78 third
point Loading at the time of lifting
Consists of:1.Self Weight of Panel2.Suction Load between Panel and Casting Surface3.Dynamic Load at the time of lifting between the panel and the casting surface
Suction and Dynamic loadings
are usually estimated at 40 % of panel self weight
Design Loadings During Lifting
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For Normal Concrete Construction Mr = Modulus of Rupture (ROM by ACI)=
7.5√ f’c in PSI0.71 √f’c in MPa
Correlation between Flexural &
Compressive Strength
For Tilt –up Construction, Mr= Modulus of Rupture (ROM) =
4.0√ f’c in PSI0.4 √f’c in MPa
At Early Age 5 to 7 day, Mr shall be obtained by testing via ASTM C78
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Climatic Conditions
Max & Min Temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Jan
Mar
May
July
Sept
Nov
Month
Te
mp
era
ture
De
gre
e c
Mean Min TempMean Max Temp
(Max – Min )Temp ~ 20 Deg C
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Climatic Conditions
Daily Sunshine
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
JanM
arM
ay
JulySep
tNov
Month
Ho
urs
Daily Sunshine
Daily Sunshine in July = 11 hrs
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Climatic Conditions
Min & Max Relative Humidity
010
2030
4050
6070
8090
100
JanM
arM
ayJu
lySe
ptNov
Month
RH
%
Mean Min RH
Mean Max RH
RH variation in a Typical Day is
about 60%
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Climatic Conditions
Rainfall & Evaporation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Mar
May
July
Sept
Nov
Month
Millim
ete
rs
Ave Daily RainfallAve Daily Evaporation
On an average Less 0.5 mm
daily rainfall with 5 mm of
evaporation
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Climatic Conditions
Gulf Salinity
• High Temperature
• High Daily Sunshine
• High Evaporation
• Low Rainfall
• Shallow water of the Gulf
High Salinity
45%0
35%0
38%0
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Micro Climatic Conditions
Temperature & Relative Humidity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Daily Timing
Tem
pera
ture
Deg
ree C
0
20
40
60
80
100
Re
lati
ve
Hu
mid
ity
%
Temperature Relative Humidity
Variation of RH and Temperature
During a Typical Day in April,
(Sharjah, UAE)
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Durability Challenge –Chloride ingress into
Concrete 1st stage
During Wetting Cycle (high RH), the near –surface concrete absorbs
the chloride solution from exposed surface
Concrete Cover
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During dry period (low RH), water evaporates from surface and high chloride
concentration forms. Moist gas in the inner concrete carries the Cl ions deeper
into concrete due to vapor pressure and temperature gradients.
Durability Challenge –Chloride ingress into
Concrete 2nd stage
Concrete Cover
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Durability Challenges and Remedy
To Minimize the chloride ingress Into Concrete,
1.Concrete cover shall be crack free
2.Reduce the porosity of Mortar Fraction
3.Reduce the Mortar Fraction Volume in the mix
MF = 50 % MF = 67 %
(Ref: G. R Summers, Gulf Construction, Sep 2001)
MF=∑ of Volume (Air, water, cement, and sand) in %
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Concrete Mix Design Criteria for Tilt-up Construction in the Arabian Peninsula
f’c (cube) = 40 to 45 MpaSlump = 150 + 25 mm
Sand Type: Well Graded
Aggregate Type : Crushed Max Aggregate Size = 20 mm
Water Cement Ratio = 0.42 to 0.45
depending on exposure conditionCement Type: I or II
Max cement Content = 400 kgMax Water Content = 150 liter per m3 of mix
MF = 50 to 55 %
Cement Supplement: None Heat inducing Air Content : 2 to 3 %
Concrete Cover = 40
to 50 mm
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References
1- CON/STEEL LJB Library
2- “Guide to the Construction of Reinforced Concrete in the Arabian Peninsula” CIRIA C577
3- R.G Summers, Gulf construction, Sep 20014- Fadi Elayache, Samir Chidiac, Nabil Kallas,
“ Concrete Durability Issues for the Gulf RegionICPCM, Feb 18, 2003
5- TCA, “Tilt-up Construction & engineering Manual” 6th Edition, 2007
6- “Tilt-up Concrete Buildings, Design and Construction Guide”, British Cement Association,
19987- “ Technical Manual TM34”Cement & Concrete
Association of New Zealand, 2004
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Q & A
ThanksThanks
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Instructors: Eng Fadi Elayache & David Tomasula, PE.
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Contact us at: [email protected] Tel/Fax: +9714-3124091/92
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