Outdoor Lighting Stakeholder Meeting #2 - HMGh-m-g.com/T24/Lighting/FINAL Second Outdoor Stakeholder...

California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program

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Outdoor Lighting

Stakeholder Meeting #2

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.

Clanton & Associates, Inc.

September 29, 2010

09/29/2010 CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

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Exterior Lighting Focus Areas

● Compare Lighting Zones (LZ) across T-24

and ASHRAE 90.1

● Compare LPA values and calibrate with

ASHRAE 90.1-2007 where differences occur

● Consider exterior lighting controls

(occupancy based) for exterior application

● Consider electronic ballasts for ext. fixtures

● Consider controls measures for parking

garages


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Item #1: Compare Lighting Zones

● Lighting zones do not exactly match, but do mostly

● Difference appears to occur in LZ1 (lowest lighting

zone), where ASHRAE/IES takes a different

philosophical approach (higher light levels

recommended)

● THIS IS DUE TO THE INCLUSION OF LZ-0 IN THE

IES/ASHRAE TABLE

● ASHRAE permits LZ designations to be set in fine

resolution (zoning mapping), T-24 encourages

large-scale mapping


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Lighting Zone Category

Title 24

Zone Description

LZ1

Dark

LZ2

Low

LZ3

Medium

LZ4

High

IESNA/ASHRAE

Zone Description

LZ0

None

LZ1

Low

LZ2

Moderate

LZ3

Mod-High

LZ4

High


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● Proposed Code Changes (NONE)

● Because the primary difference is in LZ1 (and

LZ0), the differences do not impact a large

portion of the developable state land

● LZ0 and LZ1 in the IESNA/ASHRAE document

essentially equate to LZ1 in California T-24

● CEC should leave their LZ mapping the same

to maintain consistency for this revision


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Item #2: Compare LPA Values with ASHRAE

● Direct comparisons are difficult because of

different methods for calculation and accounting

● Layered vs. non-Layered

● Tradable vs. non-Tradable

● MOST values appear to be similar

● SOME T-24 values are more restrictive (these do not

change)

● SOME ASHRAE values are more restrictive, however,

some appear too low to permit IES design

recommendation light levels to occur

● All differences are calculated and new LPA values

recommended (following Tables)


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Title 24-2008 ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Who's Lower?

Allowance Type Lighting Zone 1

Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4 Allowance Type Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 LZ1 LZ2 LZ3 LZ4

Area Wattage Allowance (AWA) 0.036 W/ft2

0.045 W/ft2

0.092 W/ft2

0.115 W/ft2

Uncovered Parking 0.04 W/sf 0.06 W/sf 0.10 W/sf 0.13 W/sf 90.1 Nearly Equal: 90.1

90.1 90.1

Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA) 0.36 W/lf 0.45 W/lf 0.92 W/lf 1.15 W/lf

Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA) 340 W 510 W 770 W 1030 W Base Site 500 W 600 W 750 W 1,300 W T24 Nearly Equal: T24

Nearly Equal: 90.1

T24

Building Entrances or Exits 30 watts 75 watts 100 watts 120 watts Main Entries 20 W/lf 20 W/lf 30 W/lf 30 W/lf T24 90.1 Nearly Equal: 90.1

90.1

Other Doors 20 W/lf 20 W/lf 20 W/lf 20 W/lf T24 90.1 90.1 90.1

Primary Entrances to Senior Care Facilities, Police Stations, Hospitals, Fire Stations, and Emergency Vehicle Facilities

45 watts 80 watts 120 watts 130 watts Loading areas for law enforcement

0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf T24 T24 Equal Nearly Equal: 90.1

Drive Up Windows 40 watts 75 watts 125 watts 200 watts Drive-up windows/doors 400 W per drive-thru

400 W per drive-thru



T24 T24 T24 Equal

Vehicle Service Station Uncovered Fuel Dispenser

120 watts 175 watts 185 watts 330 watts No equivalent n/a n/a n/a n/a No Equivalent Allowance

Outdoor Sales Frontage No Allowance

22.5 W/linear ft

36 W/linear ft

45 W/linear ft

Sales street frontage No allowance

10 W/lf 10 W/lf 30 W/lf See Detailed Outdoor Sales Analysis

Hardscape Ornamental Lighting No Allowance

0.02 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2

0.06 W/ft2 Landscape 0.04 W/sf 0.05 W/sf 0.05 W/sf 0.05 W/sf T24 T24 T24 90.1

Building Facades No Allowance

0.18 W/ft2 0.35 W/ft2

0.50 W/ft2 Facades No allowance

0.1 W/sf or 2.5 W/lf

0.15 W/sf or 3.75 W/lf

0.2 W/sf or 5 W/lf

Equal 90.1 90.1 90.1

Equal T24 Nearly Equal: T24

Equal

Equal 90.1 90.1 90.1

Outdoor Sales Lots 0.164 W/ft2

0.555 W/ft2

0.758 W/ft2

1.285 W/ft2

Outdoor sales open areas 0.25 W/sf 0.25 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.7 W/sf See Detailed Outdoor Sales Analysis

Vehicle Service Station Hardscape

0.014 W/ft2

0.155 W/ft2

0.308 W/ft2

0.485 W/ft2

See Detailed Analysis n/a n/a n/a n/a See Detailed Service Station Analysis

Vehicle Service Station Canopies 0.514 W/ft2

1.005 W/ft2

1.358 W/ft2

2.285 W/ft2

See Detailed Analysis n/a n/a n/a n/a See Detailed Service Station Analysis

Sales Canopies No Allowance

0.655 W/ft2

0.908 W/ft2

1.135 W/ft2

Sales Canopies 0.6 W/sf 0.6 W/sf 0.8 W/sf 1.0 W/sf T24 Nearly Equal: 90.1

Nearly Equal: 90.1

Nearly Equal: 90.1

Non-sales Canopies 0.084 W/ft2

0.205 W/ft2

0.408 W/ft2

0.585 W/ft2

Entry Canopies 0.25 W/sf 0.25 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.7 W/sf T24 T24 T24 T24

Guard Stations 0.154 W/ft2

0.355 W/ft2

0.708 W/ft2

0.985 W/ft2

Entrances and gate-house inspection stations at guarded facilities

0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf 0.5 W/sf T24 T24 90.1 90.1

Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone No Allowance

0.12 W/ft2

0.45 W/ft2

No Allowance

No equivalent n/a n/a n/a n/a No Equivalent Allowance

Outdoor Dining 0.014 W/ft2

0.135 W/ft2

0.258 W/ft2

0.435 W/ft2

Feature Areas 0.14 W/sf 0.14 W/sf 0.16 W/sf 0.2 W/sf T24 Nearly Equal: T24

90.1 90.1

Special Security Lighting for Retail Parking and Pedestrian Hardscape

0.007 W/ft2

0.009 W/ft2

0.019 W/ft2

No Allowance

Parking near 24 hour retail entrances

800 W per main entry




T24 T24 T24 T24


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Table 147-A Remains the same


Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4

General Hardscape Allowance

Area Wattage Allowance (AWA)

0.036 W/ft2 0.045 W/ft2 0.092 W/ft2 0.115 W/ft2

Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA)

0.36 W/lf 0.45 W/lf 0.92 W/lf 1.15 W/lf

Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA)

340 W 510 W 770 W 1030 W


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Table 147-B Recommended Changes


Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4

Wattage Allowance per

Application

Building Entrances or Exits. 30 watts 75 watts 60 watts

100 watts 90 watts

120 watts 90 watts

Primary Entrances to Senior Care Facilities, Police Stations, Hospitals, Fire Stations, and Emergency Vehicle Facilities.

45 watts 80 watts 120 watts 130 watts

Drive Up Windows. 40 watts 75 watts 125 watts 200 watts

Vehicle Service Station Uncovered Fuel Dispenser.

120 watts 175 watts 185 watts 330 watts

- Building Entrances/Exits: Values tightened to match ASHRAE 90.1-2007

„Main Entry Door‟ values in LZ2 through LZ4 (assuming 3‟ door width)


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Table 147-B Recommended Changes (Cont.)


Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4


Unit Length (W/lf).

Outdoor Sales Frontage. No Allowance

22.5 W/linear ft

36 W/linear ft

45 W/linear ft


Hardscape Area

Hardscape Ornamental Lighting.

No Allowance

0.02 W/ft2 0.04 W/ft2 0.06 W/ft2

- Outdoor Sales Frontage values were re-evaluated and should remain the

same!


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Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4

Wattage Allowance per Specific Area

(W/sf).

Building Facades. No Allowance

0.18 W/ft2

0.35 W/ft2

0.50 W/ft2

Outdoor Sales Lots. 0.164 W/ft2

0.555 W/ft2

0.758 W/ft2

1.285 W/ft2

Vehicle Service Station Hardscape.

0.014 W/ft2 0.155 W/ft2 0.308 W/ft2 0.485 W/ft2

Vehicle Service Station Canopies.

0.514 W/ft2

1.005 W/ft2 1.358 W/ft2 1.300 W/ft2

2.285 W/ft2 2.200 W/ft2

-Outdoor Sales Lots: Values were re-evaluated and should remain the same!

- Vehicle Service Station Canopies: Tightened in LZ3 and LZ4. A substantially different

method of calculating allowances makes direct comparison with 90.1 almost impossible


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Lighting Zone 2

Lighting Zone 3

Lighting Zone 4

Wattage Allowance per Specific Area

(W/sf).

Sales Canopies. No Allowance

0.655 W/ft2

0.908 W/ft2

1.135 W/ft2

Non-sales Canopies. 0.084 W/ft2 0.205 W/ft2 0.408 W/ft2 0.585 W/ft2

Guard Stations. 0.154 W/ft2

0.355 W/ft2

0.708 W/ft2

0.985 W/ft2

Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone.

No Allowance

0.12 W/ft2 0.45 W/ft2 No Allowance

Outdoor Dining. 0.014 W/ft2 0.135 W/ft2 0.258 W/ft2 0.240 W/ft2

0.435 W/ft2 0.400 W/ft2

Special Security Lighting for Retail Parking.

0.007 W/ft2 0.009 W/ft2 0.019 W/ft2 No Allowance

Outdoor Dining: ASHRAE does not include a specific allowance for this application, so it

was compared to “Feature Areas” allowance and tightened


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Item #3: Consider Ext. Lighting Controls (occ-based)

● Technology is advancing, but the majority of sensors are

limited (coverage range, form factors, availability from

multiple manufacturers) for outdoor applications

● Ballast bi-level options are problematic as well (electronics

have heat sensitivity, standardization and warranty issues,

etc)

● T-20 integral sensor requirement (for 150-400 W MH fixtures)

may be in conflict with T-24 requirements if this is pursued

● T-24 cannot be technology-specific in its requirements to

avoid T-20 conflict. T-20 must address this particular issue!

● CURRENTLY NOT RECOMMENDED FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN

THIS CODE REVISION CYCLE AS A MANDATORY MEASURE


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Item #4: Consider EHID Ballasts for Energy

Calculation Baseline

● Electronic ballasts for HID have numerous technology issues

that make them currently questionable for mandatory

implementation. Two MAJOR problems are:

● Operating temperature range limitations (very low maximum

case temperature ~90° C, magnetic is good up to 180° C)

● Lamp/ballast cross-compatibility warranty support from lamp

manufacturers. (starting method, frequency, waveform, etc.).

Refer to NEMA Document LSD 14-2002

● These create a potential for considerable premature

ballast and lamp failures

● CURRENTLY NOT RECOMMENDED FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN

THIS CODE REVISION CYCLE


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Item #5: Consider Daylight and Occupancy Controls

for Parking Garages

● Parking Garages will remain in ‘Unconditioned

Spaces’ (Interior)

● Parking Garage, Top Floor is considered a ‘Parking

Lot’ and falls under Exterior (Table 147). This is

consistent with previous T-24 revisions (NO

CHANGE)


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for Parking Garages

● Options for Parking Garage Controls

Measures…

● Look at occupancy sensors and daylight-responsive

controls as mandatory measure

Mandatory measures have rigorous cost-

effectiveness criteria

● Look at occupancy sensors and daylight-responsive

controls using the PAF infrastructure

This approach is easier to justify, but results in

lower energy savings to the state


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for Parking Garages

● Current T-24 2008 Allowed Lighting Power

Densities – Area Category Method

● Parking Area

● 0.20 W/sf

● Ramp/Entry Zones

● 0.6 W/sf

● Stairwells, etc.

● 0.6 W/sf

● T-24 2008 Allowed Lighting Power Densities

– Complete Building Method

● 0.30 W/sf


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for Parking Garages

● Daylight Sensors in Garages


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for Parking Garages

● Calculations show ~31% of 24-hour energy

consumption in Primary Daylight Zone can

be eliminated through ON/OFF controls IF:

● Min. 40% window opening (min. 50% for partially

obstructed daylight access)

● 25’ primary daylight zone (in from window wall)

● ‘Full Lot’ car obstruction

● Presuming PC set to turn OFF lights at 5X design level.

● These results are independent of:

● Orientation

● Geographical Location


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for Parking Garages

● Issues with Daylighting in Garages

● Location in the State (Latitude)

● Orientation of building facades

● Exterior objects blocking daylight access

● ‘Quality’ of Daylight – Useful vs. glare


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for Parking Garages

● 15 Year TDV Calculations show Daylighting

Controls are cost effective.

● 0.2 WSF Power Density

● ON/OFF control approach (non-dimming)

● OFF point set to 5X the design criteria (25 fc)

● Full and partial parking conditions

● Including four orientations of building

● Including clear and cloudy weather conditions


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for Parking Garages

● Current Recommendation:

Make Daylighting Controls a

mandatory measure when the

minimum requirements are met


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for Parking Garages

● Requirements for Daylight Sensors in

Parking Garages:

● Parking garage orientations with open sky exposure must have a

minimum of 40% open walls. (50% open walls required for

orientations with obscured or limited sky exposure)

● Areas within 25ft of the perimeter wall are considered the

primary daylight zone, assuming there is greater than 35’ of

window wall

● Luminaires located in the primary daylighted zone MUST be

switched ‘OFF’ when detected illuminance levels exceed no more

than five times the design criteria within the zone. This can be

done by dimming or ON/OFF controls

● Minimum of one daylight sensor for each floor and orientation


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for Parking Garages

● Occupancy Sensors in Garages


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for Parking Garages

● Prediction Models Predict ~14% energy

savings and only ~3% savings for entry floor

for Moderate Activity Level Garage

● Assuming 50% setback energy use

● About 10 hours of ‘low use’ with 2 ‘visits’ per hour

● Entry floor will have 5 discreet ‘visits’ per hour

● 10 minute delay on sensors

● Garages with Low Activity Levels will show

improved energy savings, up to ~28%

savings and ~9% for entry floor


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for Parking Garages

● High Activity Level

● Central Downtown with Shopping, Food, Bars

● Large Airport

● Medium Activity Level

● Large Malls

● Busy office Parks

● Campus Parking Near Dorms

● Low Activity Level

● Small Shopping Areas

● Office Parks

● Limited Hours Facilities (sports arenas, etc.)


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for Parking Garages

● Issues with occupancy controls in Parking

Garages:

● Limited entries/exits results in a lot of ‘ON time’ for entry

and lower floors

● Delay times reduce energy savings even with a transient

population

● Low temperature effects on ballasts/lamps when switching

or dimming (Fluorescent)

● Switching of some lamp technologies are a problem (HID)


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for Parking Garages

● 15 Year TDV Calculations show Occupancy

Sensors are cost effective

● 0.2 WSF Power density

● 100% to 50% ‘high/low’ power consumption

● ~10 hours a day of low occupancy with 50% of

time at ‘low’ setting

● ~14 hours a day of high occupancy with 83% of

time at ‘high’ setting


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for Parking Garages

● Current Recommendation:

Make Occupancy Sensors a mandatory

measure for all parking garages


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for Parking Garages

● Requirements for Occupancy Sensors in

Parking Garages:

● Auto On/Off (High/Low) controls must be used

● Automatically reduce lighting power when unoccupied by

50-80% per control zone

● This applies to parking deck areas only

● Adaptation lighting zones, dedicated ramps, and entrances

to exit stairwells or elevator lobbies are not required to

have occupancy sensors

● Are there other areas or garage types that should be

excluded?

● Maximum delay time of 10 minutes


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for Parking Garages

● MORE INFO NEEDED ON OCCUPANCY/USE

PROFILES TO REFINE THE ANTICIPATED

SAVINGS ANALYSIS!

Please email Michael Mutmansky at:

[email protected]

Or call 303-530-7229

If you have any useful information.

mailto:[email protected]


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Exterior Lighting Measures

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Outdoor Lighting Stakeholder Meeting #2 - HMGh-m-g.com/T24/Lighting/FINAL Second Outdoor Stakeholder...

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