Our Space Time Coordinates: Time, Distances, and Sizes
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Our Space Time Coordinates: Time, Distances, and Sizes
http://cecs.wright.edu/~tkprasad
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• Universe• Milky Way Galaxy• Solar System (including the star Sun, the
planet Earth, the moon Moon(!), etc)• Planet Earth• Seven Continents and Four Oceans
• North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antartica• Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic
• Countries, States, Cities• United States of America, Ohio, Dayton
• Russ Engineering Center, Wright State University, 3640, Col. Glenn Highway
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Measuring Distances
• Average Distance between Sun and Earth = 93 million miles
(1 Astronomical Unit) (Speed of light = 186000 miles per
second) (1 light second = 186000 miles ) = 500 light second = 8.33 light minutes
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Visualizing Distances
• If 1 inch is the distance between sun and earth, • then 1 mile is equivalent to
1 light year.
• 1 parsec = 3.26 light years
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Solar System scaled to Football fieldBody Diameter Semi-major axis
Sun 0.85 in (21.5 mm) zero
Mercury 0.003 in (0.08 mm) 1.0 yard (0.9 m)
Venus 0.007 in (0.19 mm) 1.9 yard (1.7 m)
Earth 0.008 in (0.20 mm) 2.5 yard (2.3 m)
Mars 0.004 in (0.10 mm) 3.8 yard (3.5 m)
Ceres 0.001 in (0.02 mm) 7.0 yard (6.4 m)
Jupiter 0.085 in (2.16 mm) 13.1 yard (12.0 m)
Saturn 0.071 in (1.8 mm) 24.2 yard (22.1 m)
Uranus 0.029 in (0.73 mm) 48.6 yard (44.4 m)
Neptune 0.028 in (0.7 mm) 76.1 yard (69.6 m)
Pluto 0.002 in (0.05 mm) 100.0 yard (91.4 m)
Eris 0.002 in (0.05 mm) 171.4 yard (156.7 m)
α Centauri A 0.94 in (23.9 mm) 396 mile (637 km)
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Distances to nearby objectsHeavenly Body Average Distance from Earth
Moon 1.3 light seconds
Sun 8.3 light minutes
Mars 12 light minutes(0.5 – 2.5 AU)
Jupiter 42 light minutes
Saturn 1.2 light hours
Pluto 4 light hours
Comets – outer reaches of solar system
Light months
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Distances to StarsStars Distinction Distance from Earth
(light years)Proxima Centauri Nearest Star 4.2 light years
Sirius Brightest Star (in night sky)
8.6 light years
Pole star North star, Cepheid Variable
300 light years
Rigel/Betelgeuse Blue/Red giant in Orion 800/600 light years
Deneb Blue giant in Cygnus 1500 light years
Andromeda Galaxy Nearest galaxy 2 million light years
*HST Image* Most distant galaxy 13 billion light years
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Age vs Distance
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Universe Distances
• http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/index.html
• http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/scale.html• http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/Intro.html
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Universe Timeline
• http://www.pbs.org/deepspace/timeline/index.html
• http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/tl1.html
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Sizes of planets and stars
• Planets, Stars, Nebulae, Galaxies - Universe Size Comparison [HD High Definition]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcZkAZebK1U&NR=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNb3H9kICbA