Our Solar System
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Transcript of Our Solar System
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Our Solar System
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Sun Facts
Diameter: ~870,000 miles Rotation: 25-36 days Temperature:
Sunspots 6,700F Surface 10,000F Core 27,000,000F
Facts Contains ~98% of our Solar System’s mass Could hold 1.3 million Earths Fusion of hydrogen atoms produces light & heat
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Sun
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Planet
A large body orbiting a central star. ‘Planetes’ is the Greek word for wanderer. New International Astronomical Union (IAU)
Definition A planet is a celestial body that
Is in orbit around the Sun, Is nearly round, Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and Is not a satellite (moon).
Examples Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, &
Neptune
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Other Bodies
Dwarf Planet is a celestial body that Is in orbit around the Sun, Is nearly round in shape, Has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, And is not a satellite. Examples – Ceres, Pluto, & Eris (2003 UB 313)
Small Solar System Bodies All other objects, except satellites, orbiting the Sun. Examples – Comets, Asteroids, Meteoroids, Kuiper
Belt Objects etc.
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Inner Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars Also known as the “Terrestrial
Planets” Tend to be smaller, denser, &
rockier.
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Inner Planets
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Mercury Data
Distance from the Sun: 36 million miles Diameter: ~3,000 miles Temperature: -280F to 800F Moons: zero Facts:
No atmosphere Craters & Cliffs Rotation perpendicular to its orbital path
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Mercury
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Venus Data
Distance from the Sun: 67 million miles Diameter: ~7,500 miles Temperature: 900 F (greenhouse effect) Moons: zero Facts:
Rotates from east to west A day is longer than a year! CO2 atmosphere & sulfuric acid clouds Craters & Volcanic Rock
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Venus
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Earth Data
Distance from the Sun: 93 million miles Diameter: ~8,000miles Temperature: -128F to 140F Moons: One Facts:
Life! Water in all 3 States Atmosphere (Nitrogen, Oxygen, & other
gases)
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Earth
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Mars Data
Distance from the Sun: 142 million miles Diameter: ~4,200 miles Temperature: -184F to 59F Moons: 2 Facts:
Atmosphere (CO2 & other gases)
Polar Ice Caps (frozen CO2) Olympus Mons (largest volcano)
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Mars
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Asteroid Belt
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Asteroid Facts
Rocky, Metallic objects Orbit the sun in a “belt” Known as “minor planets” Range in size
From pebbles to Ceres formerly considered an asteroid has been
reclassified as a “Dwarf Planet” (~600 miles) Theories
Remains of a destroyed planet Planet never formed
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Asteroids
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Meteoroids
Small bodies that travel through SPACE.
Nasa.gov
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Meteors
Meteors which enter earth’s atmosphere and burn up.
Nasa.gov
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Meteorites
If meteor does not completely vaporize, it lands on earth as a meteorite.
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Barringer Meteorite Crater
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Outer Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
Also known as “Gas Giants” or the “Jovian Planets”
Tend to be much larger & most are made up of gases.
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Jupiter Data
Distance from the Sun: 484 million miles Diameter: ~89,000 miles Temperature:
Surface -163F Core 54,000F
Moons: 63 Facts:
Largest Planet Faint Ring System Atmospheric Clouds & Storms (Red Spot)
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Jupiter
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Saturn Data
Distance from the Sun: 886 million miles
Diameter: ~74,000 miles Temperature:
Surface -219F Core 27,000F
Moons: 58 Facts:
Flat at the poles Less dense than water Ring System
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Saturn
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Uranus Data
Distance from the Sun: 1.8 billion miles Diameter: ~32,000 miles Temperature: -330F Moons: at least 22 Facts:
Gaseous Planet (H, He, Methane) Bluish Color Orbits on its Side Faint Ring System
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Uranus
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Neptune Data
Distance from the Sun: 2.8 billion miles Diameter: ~30,000 miles Temperature: -330F Moons: 8 Facts:
Great dark spot Strongest winds in the solar system (1,200mph) Orbital path crosses Pluto’s Faint rings made of dust particles Composed of H, He, & Methane & a core of molten
rock
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Neptune
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Pluto Data
Distance from the Sun: ~4 billion miles Diameter: ~1,400 miles Temperature: -390F Moons: 3 – Charon, Hydra, Nix Facts:
Thin atmosphere freezes & falls to the surface Orbits almost on its side Orbital path crosses Neptune’s Newly defined as a “Dwarf Planet”
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Dwarf Planet Pluto
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Orbits of Pluto & Eris (aka 2003 UB 313)
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Kuiper Belt
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Kuiper Belt
Disk-shaped region past the orbit of Neptune Contains icy “Small Solar System Objects” &
“Dwarf Planets” that orbit the Sun Contains over 35,000 objects over 100 km (62
miles) in diameter Possibly where Short-Period Comets Originate Orbits of Kuiper Belt Objects may be affected
by interactions with the Gas Giants Examples – Pluto & Eris
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Eris (2003 UB 313)
Discovered: July-August, 2005 Distance: >8 billion miles Diameter: At least as large as Pluto Dwarf Planet
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Eris
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Comet Facts
Small, fragile, irregularly shaped bodies Made of ice, dust, and gases (“dirty
snowballs”) Highly elliptical orbits around the sun Coma – surrounding cloud which grows in
size & brightness as it approaches the Sun (& melts)
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Comets
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Sedna Data
Distance from the Sun: ~12 billion miles Diameter: 800-1,100 miles Discovered in 2004 Facts:
Moon? Rocky? Highly Elliptical Orbit (10,000 years to orbit
the Sun)
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Sedna Size Comparison
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View from Sedna
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Oort Cloud
In 1950, Jan Oort proposed that comets reside in a vast could at the outer reaches of the solar system.
No direct evidence of an Oort Cloud Possibly where Long-Period Comets Originate Possibly extends halfway to the next known star Recent discoveries (such as Sedna) indicate
that the Oort Cloud might contain more objects than originally thought
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Pluto’s Other Satellites?
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Centaurs
Nine known “Small Solar System Objects,” orbiting between Jupiter & Neptune
Unstable orbits Thought to have been part of the Kuiper
Belt at one time Examples
Chiron & Pholus