Ottoman Empire
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Transcript of Ottoman Empire
1
The Ottoman Empire
1280-1918
The Ottomans were:
·Turkish (capital Istanbul)·Muslim·The largest empire in the world
Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326
Tamerlane (1336-1405)
or “Timur, the Lame”
Mehmet I: 1413-1421
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Mehmet II (“the Conqueror”), who ruled from 1451-1481
http://home.earthlink.net/~snailstales2/fatih.jpg
The Fall of Constantinople: 1453
The End of the Byzantine Empire
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Islam and the Ottoman Empire
·Sultan = caliph (head of Islam)·Divided the empire into Millets (religious groups)·Divided the world into “the House of Islam” and the “House of War”
The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Divans
Heads of Religious Millets
Muslims
Christians
Jews
Social/Military Divans
Local Administrators/Military
Landowners/Tax Collectors
(Governors)
Selim I, ”the Grim”: 1512-1520
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Suleyman the Magnificent (or “the Law Giver,” ruled 1520-
1566
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Suleyman_young.jpg
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Summary of the devshirme system:
·Slaves were taken from any non-Muslim areas. Race and language didn’t matter. ·Slaves were given jobs according to their interests and abilities. (Slaves did NOT do agricultural work – as American slaves did.)
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Devshirme (devşirme)
http://www.pravoslavie.domainbg.com/images/iljustracii/devshirme.jpg
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Importance of the System:·Government positions were based on
merit, not on birth.·Slaves were loyal to the sultan. – They owed their rank to him, and they had no powerful families to support them if they rebelled.·When the system ended in the mid-1600s, the government and military declined.
Three Ottoman
Strengths:
1. Control of Trade·Location on the
east/west trade route·Control of the Waterways
2. Wealth from trade
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Sultan’s headpiece, decorated with gold, emeralds, rubies,
diamonds, and pearls
www.tourism.gov.tr
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Jeweled Dagger
www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/topkapi_dagger_1746.jpg
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Golden cradle
www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/goldencradle_16cc.jpg
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Gold dishes (for eating sweetmeats)
www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/Yeni/trea1.JPG
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The gate of the Topkapi Palace, the oldest and largest of the remaining
palaces in the world.
http://www.bibleplaces.com/istanbul.htm
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It’s a huge palace - the outer wall surrounding it is 3 miles
long.
http://www.iconofile.com/events/images/topkapi.jpg
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The Blue Mosque
http://lloydi.com/travel-writing/turkey/wallpaper/blue-mosque-1x7.jpg
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Inside the Blue Mosque
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=95924&rendTypeId=4
3. Superior technology
(the benefit of diffusion)
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Ottoman Sipahi (cavalry)
http://www.osmanischesreich.com/Geschichte/Armee/Heerwesen_I/Sipahi1530.jpg
Janissaries
Musket
Cannon
Swords
How did the empire end?The Europeans destroyed their
strengths.
Ottoman Strength #1: Control of
trade.·Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and
gaining control of trade.
Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth
·Discovery of the New World leads to great wealth for
Europe from the gold and silver found there.
Ottoman Strength #3: Technology
·The technology of Europeans surpassed the Ottoman superiority especially in production of guns and munitions and
other products necessary for war.
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Until the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest empires in
the world.
AttachmentsConquerors__Suleyman_the_Magnificent.asf