Ottawa Mandarin School

Adult Class 2012-13Instructor: Daniel C. Lee

Week 02: September 22, 2012•Pronunciation

• Pinyin• Zhuyin

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Review of tones• 1 2 3 4• 4 3 2 1• 1 3 1 3• 3 1 3 1• 2 4 2 4• 4 2 4 2• 11 11 111• 22 22 222• 44 44 444• 33 33 333 (23 23 323)

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季姬擊雞記 Miss Ji hits chicken

季姬寂，集雞，雞即棘雞。棘雞饑嘰，

季姬及箕稷濟雞。雞既濟，躋姬笈，

季姬忌，急咭雞，雞急，繼圾幾，

季姬急，即籍箕擊雞，箕疾擊幾伎，

伎即齏，雞嘰集幾基，季姬急極屐擊雞，

雞既殛，季姬激，即記《季姬擊雞記》。

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Review

WHAT 什麼

WHERE什麼地方 哪裡

WHEN 什麼時候

WHY 為什麼

HOW 怎麼

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Next week: Pronunciation (Pinyin)

Pronunciation 發音

• Mainland Chinese uses Pinyin ( 拼音 ) based on Roman characters.

• Before the Communist regime invented Pinyin, there was Zhuyin ( 注音 ), which is based on independent symbols.

• Pinyin is easy for Roman-character-based foreign language users, but it has inevitable pitfalls due on the limited number of Roman characters. You will encounter– the same Roman letter pronounced in multiple ways (i, e, u, etc.)– mismatch of usual pronunciation (q, x, ch, sh, etc.)

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PinyinConsonants that are pronounced similarly as in English:

b, p, m, f,d, t, n*, l,g, k, hj, r, sy, w

Note: Not all pinyin “n” is the English n.

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Pinyin - easily confused consonants

q = ch China, Chinese, chore, chance, chicken

X = sh (very flat) She, ship, sheep, sheet, shore, shoot

zh = dr drive, dry, drill, draw, dream, drink

ch = tr train, tragic, try, trick, tree, trouble

z = tz(ds) friends, beads, stands, finds, understands

c = ts students, bits, sits, loots, hates, bites

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Pinyin - easily confused consonants

sh = no such sound in English

Think in line of zh (dr) and ch (tr). Let the air out without any funny vibration in your mouth.

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施氏食獅史 Mr. Shi eats lion

石室詩士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅。

施氏時時適市視獅。十時，適十獅適市。

是時，適施氏適市。氏視是十獅，

恃矢勢，使是十獅逝世。氏拾是十獅屍，

適石室。石室濕，氏使侍拭石室。

石室拭，氏始試食是十獅。食時，

始識是十獅，實十石獅屍。試釋是事。9

Pinyin – easy vowels

a = aah Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar

ai = ai* pai (), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein

ao = au tau(), foul, rout, about, shout

an = aan Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar

ang = aang pai (), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein

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Pinyin – easy vowels

ei = ay pay, day, lay, lake, quake, fade

er = er mister, eraser, later, officer, racer

o = o(short) dot, mock, hot, lot, lock, fought

ou = o(long) alphabat “O”

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Pinyin – confusing vowels

e = e bet, net, jet, leg, egg, let, their, messy

e = e the, little, fiddle, middle, sizes, prizes

en = en bitten, quicken, chicken, kitchen, fasten

eng = eng no such words in English

Think of bitteng, quicken, chickeng, etc.

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Pinyin – confusing vowels

i = ee bee, tea, deed, meat, lease, feet

i = x No such thing!

u = oo(long) loose, tooth, loot, truth

u/v = ü No such sound in English

Common in other European languages

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Pinyin & Zhuyin

ㄅ b ㄆ p ㄇ m ㄈ f ㄉ d ㄊ t ㄋ n ㄌ l

ㄍ g ㄎ k ㄏ h ㄐ j ㄑ q ㄒ x

ㄓ zh ㄔ ch ㄕ sh ㄖ r ㄗ z ㄘ c ㄙ s

ㄚ a ㄛ o ㄜ e ㄝ e ㄞ ai ㄟ ei ㄠ ao ㄡ ou

ㄢ an ㄣ en ㄤ ang ㄥ eng ㄦ er

ㄧ (y)i ㄨ (w)u ㄩ yu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

b (ㄅ ) ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, ben, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

c (ㄘ ) = ts

ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

ch (ㄔ ) = tr

cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, chen, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

d (ㄉ ) da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

f (ㄈ ) fa, fan, fang fei, fen, feng fo, fong fu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

g (ㄍ ) ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, gua, guan, gui, guo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

h (ㄏ ) ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, hen, heng hou, hong hu, hua, huan, hui, huo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

j (ㄐ ) ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”) jü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), juan, jue (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

k (ㄎ ) ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, ken, keng kou, kong ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

l (ㄌ ) la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue( ㄩㄝ ), luo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

m (ㄇ ) ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming mo, mou mu, muo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

n (ㄋ ) na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

p (ㄆ ) pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, pen, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pup.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly

identical)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

q (ㄑ ) = ch

qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing qiong qü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), quan, que (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

r (ㄖ ) ran, rao, rang re, ren, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

s (ㄙ ) sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, sen, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

sh (ㄕ ) sha, shai, shao, shan, shang she, shei, shen, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

t (ㄊ ) ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

w(v) (ㄨ ) wa (wua), wai, wan, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

x (ㄒ ) = sh

xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing xiong (xuong) xü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

y (ㄧ ) ya, yai, yao, yan, yang ye* yü, yuan, yue (all ü)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

z (ㄗ ) = tz

za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo

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