Ottawa Mandarin SchoolAdult Class 2011-12

Week 03: October 1, 2011Instructor: Daniel C. Lee

Consonants, mother of sounds聲母

Plans

1. Review of Tones and Vowels• Activity

2. Consonants in alphabetical order

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Pinyin vowels

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a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)-nothing a (ㄚ ) e (ㄜ ) i (ㄧ ) o (ㄛ ) u (ㄨ ,

ㄩ )-a ia ( ㄧㄚ )

ian ( ㄧㄢ )

iao ( ㄧㄠ )

ua ( ㄨㄚ )

uan ( ㄩㄢ )

-e ie ( ㄧㄝ ) ue ( ㄩㄝ )

uen ( ㄨㄣ )

-i ai (ㄞ ) ei (ㄟ ) ui ( ㄨㄟ )

-o ao (ㄠ ) uo ( ㄨㄛ )

-u iu ( ㄧㄡ ) ou (ㄡ )

-n an (ㄢ ) en (ㄣ ) in ( ㄧㄣ )

- ng ang (ㄤ ) eng (ㄥ ) ing( ㄧㄥ )

ong( ㄨㄥ )

- r er (ㄦ )

Most confusing vowels for “CSL” (Chinese as a second language)

• a (ㄚ ): always “aa”• e (ㄜ , and less commonly ㄝ )• u (ㄩ )• ei (ㄟ ) – Letter “A”• ou (ㄡ ) – Letter “O”• iu ( ㄧㄡ ) (Not letter “U”!!)• ui ( ㄨㄟ )

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Activity 3.1 Vowels & tones

1. Divide the class in 3 groups.2. Take one sign for vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and one sign

for tones (1, 2, 3, 4).3. Sounds consisted of vowels AND tones will be read

from a random textbook chapter. Raise your sign if they are called!

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Consonants• Vowels decide the shape of the mouth.

Consonants dictate the work of the tongue and lips.

• There are 21 official consonants in Mandarin.ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ㄉㄊㄋㄌ

ㄍㄎㄏ ㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖ ㄗㄘㄙ

+1: actually two kinds “n” (ㄋ )+1: “v” exists in Beijing accent to replace “w”, which

is combined into ㄨ (u, a vowel) 6

B-GPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

b ㄅ b 爸爸 father

c ㄘ ts 一次 one time

ch ㄔ tr 吃 eat 尺 ruler

d ㄉ d 弟弟 younger bro

f ㄈ f 吃飯 have meal/rice

g ㄍ g (as in go) 哥哥 elder bro7

the hidden vowel “i*”

• A special set of consonants carries its own unique vowel not even mentioned by zhuyin, noted by “i” but pronounced totally different to “ee”.

ㄓ ㄔ ㄕ ㄖ ㄗ ㄘ ㄙzhi chi shi ri zi ci si

better memorize

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Calling people with two identical words

• When there are two identical words, the second word are frequently converted to a light tone.

媽媽 mother 爸爸 father

哥哥 elder brother 姐姐 elder sister

弟弟 younger bro 妹妹 younger sis9

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

b (ㄅ ) ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, ben, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

c (ㄘ ) = ts

ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

ch (ㄔ ) = tr

cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, chen, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

d (ㄉ ) da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

f (ㄈ ) fa, fan, fang fei, fen, feng fo, fong fu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

g (ㄍ ) ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, gua, guan, gui, guo

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Activity 3.2Consonant + Tone

1. (same group as before). Now add the consonants!2. Raise the correct consonant & tone!

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H-NPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

h ㄏ h 好 good 喝 drink

j ㄐ j (as in Jay) 一次 one time

k ㄎ k 吃 eat 尺 ruler

l ㄌ l 力 strength

m ㄇ m 買 buy 賣 sell

n ㄋ n 那 that 你 you (*)17

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

h (ㄏ ) ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, hen, heng hou, hong hu, hua, huan, hui, huo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

j (ㄐ ) ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”) jü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), juan, jue (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

k (ㄎ ) ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, ken, keng kou, kong ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

l (ㄌ ) la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue( ㄩㄝ ), luo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

m (ㄇ ) ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming mo, mou mu, muo

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n vs. n

• There are actually two kinds of “n” (ㄋ ) that is even not distinguished in zhuyin.

• Group 1: followed by -a*, -e*, -o*, -u*• Group 2: follow by -i*Classic examples:

牛奶 milk 那你 then, you…23

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

n (ㄋ ) na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo

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N-TPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

p ㄆ p 跑 run 拍 pat

q ㄑ ch (as in chin) 起 rise 氣 gas

r ㄖ r 人 people 如 as

s ㄙ s 三 three 四 four

sh ㄕ 史 history 是 is

t ㄊ t 土 soil 兔 rabbit25

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

p (ㄆ ) pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, pen, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pup.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly

identical)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

q (ㄑ ) = ch

qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing qiong qü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), quan, que (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

r (ㄖ ) ran, rao, rang re, ren, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

s (ㄙ ) sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, sen, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

sh (ㄕ ) sha, shai, shao, shan, shang she, shei, shen, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

t (ㄊ ) ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo

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V-ZhPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

v* v (Beijing) 台灣 (van)

w* ㄨ w 萬 ten thousand

x ㄒ sh 小 small 熊 bear

y* ㄧ y (as in Yes) 夜 night 也 also

z ㄗ tz 自 self 子 son

zh ㄓ dr 紙 paper 豬 pig32

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

w(v) (ㄨ ) wa (wua), wai, wan, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

x (ㄒ ) = sh

xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing xiong (xuong) xü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

y (ㄧ ) ya, yai, yao, yan, yang ye* yü, yuan, yue (all ü)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

z (ㄗ ) = tz

za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo

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Categorization by mechanics

• b p m f ( ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ): lips, tooth• d t n l ( ㄉㄊㄋㄌ ): tip section of the tongue + upper

teeth• g k h ( ㄍㄎㄏ ): middle-end section of the tongue

touches up• j q x ( ㄐㄑㄒ ): tip-middle section of the tongue

touches up• zh ch sh r ( ㄓㄔㄕㄖ ): tong curl in the back• z c s ( ㄗㄘㄙ ): tip of the tongue touch the interaction

of teeth + air leaking out 37

Homework

• Practice all consonant + vowel + tones combos, one day one category (bpmf; dtnl; gkh; jqx; zh-ch-sh-r)

• Quiz next week

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