Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2011-12

Ottawa Mandarin SchoolAdult Class 2011-12

Week 03: October 1, 2011Instructor: Daniel C. Lee

Consonants, mother of sounds聲母

Plans

1. Review of Tones and Vowels• Activity

2. Consonants in alphabetical order

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Pinyin vowels

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a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)-nothing a (ㄚ ) e (ㄜ ) i (ㄧ ) o (ㄛ ) u (ㄨ ,

ㄩ )-a ia ( ㄧㄚ )

ian ( ㄧㄢ )

iao ( ㄧㄠ )

ua ( ㄨㄚ )

uan ( ㄩㄢ )

-e ie ( ㄧㄝ ) ue ( ㄩㄝ )

uen ( ㄨㄣ )

-i ai (ㄞ ) ei (ㄟ ) ui ( ㄨㄟ )

-o ao (ㄠ ) uo ( ㄨㄛ )

-u iu ( ㄧㄡ ) ou (ㄡ )

-n an (ㄢ ) en (ㄣ ) in ( ㄧㄣ )

- ng ang (ㄤ ) eng (ㄥ ) ing( ㄧㄥ )

ong( ㄨㄥ )

- r er (ㄦ )

Most confusing vowels for “CSL” (Chinese as a second language)

• a (ㄚ ): always “aa”• e (ㄜ , and less commonly ㄝ )• u (ㄩ )• ei (ㄟ ) – Letter “A”• ou (ㄡ ) – Letter “O”• iu ( ㄧㄡ ) (Not letter “U”!!)• ui ( ㄨㄟ )

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Activity 3.1 Vowels & tones

1. Divide the class in 3 groups.2. Take one sign for vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and one sign

for tones (1, 2, 3, 4).3. Sounds consisted of vowels AND tones will be read

from a random textbook chapter. Raise your sign if they are called!

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Consonants• Vowels decide the shape of the mouth.

Consonants dictate the work of the tongue and lips.

• There are 21 official consonants in Mandarin.ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌ

ㄍㄎㄏㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙ

+1: actually two kinds “n” (ㄋ )+1: “v” exists in Beijing accent to replace “w”, which

is combined into ㄨ (u, a vowel) 6

B-GPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

b ㄅ b 爸爸 father

c ㄘ ts 一次 one time

ch ㄔ tr 吃 eat 尺 ruler

d ㄉ d 弟弟 younger bro

f ㄈ f 吃飯 have meal/rice

g ㄍ g (as in go) 哥哥 elder bro7

the hidden vowel “i*”

• A special set of consonants carries its own unique vowel not even mentioned by zhuyin, noted by “i” but pronounced totally different to “ee”.

ㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙzhi chi shi ri zi ci si

better memorize

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Calling people with two identical words

• When there are two identical words, the second word are frequently converted to a light tone.

媽媽 mother 爸爸 father

哥哥 elder brother 姐姐 elder sister

弟弟 younger bro 妹妹 younger sis9

Drillsfor each of the consonants,

practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones

b (ㄅ ) ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, ben, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu

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c (ㄘ ) = ts

ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo

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ch (ㄔ ) = tr

cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, chen, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo

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d (ㄉ ) da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo

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f (ㄈ ) fa, fan, fang fei, fen, feng fo, fong fu

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g (ㄍ ) ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, gua, guan, gui, guo

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Activity 3.2Consonant + Tone

1. (same group as before). Now add the consonants!2. Raise the correct consonant & tone!

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H-NPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

h ㄏ h 好 good 喝 drink

j ㄐ j (as in Jay) 一次 one time

k ㄎ k 吃 eat 尺 ruler

l ㄌ l 力 strength

m ㄇ m 買 buy 賣 sell

n ㄋ n 那 that 你 you (*)17



h (ㄏ ) ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, hen, heng hou, hong hu, hua, huan, hui, huo

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j (ㄐ ) ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”) jü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), juan, jue (all ü, not u)

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k (ㄎ ) ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, ken, keng kou, kong ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo

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l (ㄌ ) la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue( ㄩㄝ ), luo

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m (ㄇ ) ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming mo, mou mu, muo

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n vs. n

• There are actually two kinds of “n” (ㄋ ) that is even not distinguished in zhuyin.

• Group 1: followed by -a*, -e*, -o*, -u*• Group 2: follow by -i*Classic examples:

牛奶 milk 那你 then, you…23



n (ㄋ ) na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo

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N-TPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

p ㄆ p 跑 run 拍 pat

q ㄑ ch (as in chin) 起 rise 氣 gas

r ㄖ r 人 people 如 as

s ㄙ s 三 three 四 four

sh ㄕ史 history 是 is

t ㄊ t 土 soil 兔 rabbit25



p (ㄆ ) pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, pen, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pup.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly

identical)

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q (ㄑ ) = ch

qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing qiong qü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), quan, que (all ü, not u)

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r (ㄖ ) ran, rao, rang re, ren, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo

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s (ㄙ ) sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, sen, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo

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sh (ㄕ ) sha, shai, shao, shan, shang she, shei, shen, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo

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t (ㄊ ) ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo

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V-ZhPinyin Zhuyin Pronunciation Examples

v* v (Beijing) 台灣 (van)

w* ㄨ w 萬 ten thousand

x ㄒ sh 小 small 熊 bear

y* ㄧ y (as in Yes) 夜 night 也 also

z ㄗ tz 自 self 子 son

zh ㄓ dr 紙 paper 豬 pig32



w(v) (ㄨ ) wa (wua), wai, wan, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui

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x (ㄒ ) = sh

xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing xiong (xuong) xü (ㄩ , not ㄨ ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u)

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y (ㄧ ) ya, yai, yao, yan, yang ye* yü, yuan, yue (all ü)

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z (ㄗ ) = tz

za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo

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Categorization by mechanics

• b p m f ( ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ): lips, tooth• d t n l ( ㄉㄊㄋㄌ ): tip section of the tongue + upper

teeth• g k h ( ㄍㄎㄏ ): middle-end section of the tongue

touches up• j q x ( ㄐㄑㄒ ): tip-middle section of the tongue

touches up• zh ch sh r ( ㄓㄔㄕㄖ ): tong curl in the back• z c s ( ㄗㄘㄙ ): tip of the tongue touch the interaction

of teeth + air leaking out 37

Homework

• Practice all consonant + vowel + tones combos, one day one category (bpmf; dtnl; gkh; jqx; zh-ch-sh-r)

• Quiz next week

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Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2011-12

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Transcript of Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2011-12