Ottawa Mandarin SchoolAdult Class 2011-12 Week 03: October 1, 2011Instructor: Daniel C. Lee

Consonants, mother of sounds

PlansReview of Tones and VowelsActivityConsonants in alphabetical order

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Pinyin vowels*

a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)-nothing a () e () i () o () u (,)aia () ian () iao () ua () uan ()e ie () ue ()uen ()i ai () ei () ui ()-o ao () uo ()-u iu () ou ()-n an () en () in () - ng ang () eng () ing() ong()- r er ()

Most confusing vowels for CSL (Chinese as a second language) a (): always aa e (, and less commonly ) u () ei () Letter A ou () Letter O iu () (Not letter U!!) ui ()

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Activity 3.1 Vowels & tonesDivide the class in 3 groups.Take one sign for vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and one sign for tones (1, 2, 3, 4).Sounds consisted of vowels AND tones will be read from a random textbook chapter. Raise your sign if they are called!*

ConsonantsVowels decide the shape of the mouth. Consonants dictate the work of the tongue and lips. There are 21 official consonants in Mandarin. +1: actually two kinds n ()+1: v exists in Beijing accent to replace w, which is combined into (u, a vowel)*

B-G*

PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples b b father c ts one time ch tr eat ruler d d younger bro f f have meal/rice g g (as in go) elder bro

the hidden vowel i*A special set of consonants carries its own unique vowel not even mentioned by zhuyin, noted by i but pronounced totally different to ee.

zhi chi shi ri zi ci si better memorize*

Calling people with two identical wordsWhen there are two identical words, the second word are frequently converted to a light tone.

mother father

elder brother elder sister

younger bro younger sis

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones b () ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, ben, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones c () = ts ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones ch () = tr cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, chen, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones d () da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones f () fa, fan, fang fei, fen, feng fo, fong fu

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones g () ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, gua, guan, gui, guo

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Activity 3.2Consonant + Tone(same group as before). Now add the consonants!Raise the correct consonant & tone!

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H-N*

PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples h h good drink j j (as in Jay) one time k k eat ruler l lstrength m mbuy sell n nthat you (*)

Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones h () ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, hen, heng hou, hong hu, hua, huan, hui, huo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones j () ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing jiong (in zhuyin, or juong) j (, not ), juan, jue (all , not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones k () ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, ken, keng kou, kong ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones l () la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue(), luo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones m () ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming mo, mou mu, muo

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n vs. nThere are actually two kinds of n () that is even not distinguished in zhuyin.

Group 1: followed by -a*, -e*, -o*, -u*Group 2: follow by -i*Classic examples:

milkthen, you*

Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones n () na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo

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N-T*

PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples p p run pat q ch (as in chin)rise gas r r people as s s three four sh history is t t soil rabbit

Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones p () pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, pen, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pup.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly identical)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones q () = ch qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing qiong q (, not ), quan, que (all , not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones r () ran, rao, rang re, ren, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones s () sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, sen, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones sh () sha, shai, shao, shan, shang she, shei, shen, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones t () ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo

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V-Zh*

PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples v* v (Beijing) (van) w* w ten thousand x sh small bear y* y (as in Yes)night also z tzself son zh dr paper pig

Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones w(v) () wa (wua), wai, wan, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones x () = sh xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing xiong (xuong) x (, not ), xuan, xue (all , not u)

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones y () ya, yai, yao, yan, yang ye* y, yuan, yue (all )

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Drillsfor each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones z () = tz za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo

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Categorization by mechanics b p m f (): lips, tooth d t n l (): tip section of the tongue + upper teeth g k h (): middle-end section of the tongue touches up j q x (): tip-middle section of the tongue touches upzh ch sh r (): tong curl in the back z c s (): tip of the tongue touch the interaction of teeth + air leaking out *

HomeworkPractice all consonant + vowel + tones combos, one day one category (bpmf; dtnl; gkh; jqx; zh-ch-sh-r)Quiz next week*

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