Other Useful Books

Dictionaries:

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981.

Melloni's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Balti­more: Williams and Wilkins, 1979.

Stedman's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 24th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.

Textbooks: Histology and Cytology

Arey LB: Human Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.

Leeson TS, Leeson CR: Histology, 4th ed. Philadel­phia: Saunders, 1981.

Lentz, TL: Cell Fine Structure. Philadelphia: Saun­ders, 1971.

Rhodin JAG: Histology, A Text and Atlas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Williams PL, Warwick R: Gray's Anatomy, 36th English edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1980.

Weiss L, Greep ROO: Histology, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.

Wheater PR, Burkitt HG, Daniels VG: Functional Histology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1979.

Bloom W, Fawcett DW: A Textbook of Histology, Textbooks: Pathology 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.

Borysenko M, Borysenko J, Beringer T, Gustafson A: Functional Histology. A Core Text. Boston: Lit­tle, Brown, 1979.

Copenhaver WM, Kelly DE, Wood RL: Bailey's Textbook of Histology, 17th ed. Baltimore: Wil­liams and Wilkins, 1978.

Cowdry EV: A Textbook of Histology, 4th ed. Phila­delphia: Lea and Febiger, 1950.

Dyson RD: Cell Biology. A Molecular Approach, 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1978.

Elias H, Pauly JE, Burns ER: Histology and Hu­man Microanatomy, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978.

Fawcett DW: The Cell, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saun­ders, 1981.

Gardner DL, Dodds TC: Human Histology, 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1975.

Anderson WAD, Kissane JM: Pathology, 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1977.

Anderson WAD, Scotti TM: Synopsis of Pathology, 10th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980.

Golden A: Pathology. Understanding Human Dis­ease. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.

King D, Geller LM, Krieger P, Silva F, Lefkowitch JH: A Survey of Pathology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Robbins SL, Cotran RS: Pathologic Basis of Dis­ease, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979.

Rosai J, Ackerman L: Ackerman's Surgical Pathol­ogy, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980.

Smith C: Core Pathology. Fundamental Concepts and Principles. Oradell, New Jersey: Medical Eco­nomics, 1981.

Willis RA: Pathology of Tumours, 4th ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

Ham AW, Cormack DH: Histology, 8th ed. Phila-delphia: Lippincott, 1979. Textbooks: Embryology

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology, 3rd ed. Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications, 1980.

Arey LB: Developmental Anatomy, 7th ed. Phila­delphia: Saunders, 1974.

461

462 Other Useful Books

Balinsky, BI: An Introduction to Embryology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.

Corliss EC: Patten's Human Embryology. Ele­ments of Clinical Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

Langman J: Medical Embryology, 4th ed. Balti­more: Williams and Wilkins, 1981.

Atlases

Curran RC: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Di Fiore MSH: Atlas of Human Histology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1981.

Fujita T, Tanaka K, Tokunaga J: SEM Atlas of Cells and Tissues, 2nd ed. Tokyo and New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1981.

Gasser RF: Atlas of Human Embryos. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, 1975.

Hammarsen F: Histology. Baltimore, Munich: Ur­ban and Schwarzenburg, 1980.

Kessel RG, Kardon RH: Tissues and Organs. A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy. San Francisco: WH Freeman, 1979.

Leeson TS, Leeson RC: A Brief Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979.

O'Rahilly R: A Color Atlas of Human Embryology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1975.

Reith EJ, Ross MH: Atlas of Descriptive Histology, 3rd ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, 1977.

Rhodin JAG: An Atlas of Histology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.

Sandritter W: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 6th ed. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers, 1979.

Methods for Microscopy

Chayen J, Bitensky L, Butcher RG: Practical Histo­chemistry. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1973.

Feteanu A: Labeled Antibodies in Biology and Med­icine. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England: Abacus Press and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.

Hayat MA: Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy. Biological Applications. Vols. 1, 2, 3. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970.

Hamashima Y: Immunohistopathology. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin and Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1976.

Luna L: Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Galigher AE, Kozloff EN: Essentials of Practical Microtechnique, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Fe­biger, 1971.

Pearse AGE: Histochemistry. Theoretical and Ap­plied, Vol. 1, 4th ed, 1980. Vol., 2, 3rd ed, 1972. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Preece A: A Manual for Histologic Technicians, 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.

Troyer H: Principles and Techniques ofHistochem­istry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.

Trump BR, Jones RT: Diagnostic Electron Micros­copy. Vol. 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978.

Index

Acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, 126, 127 Acidophilia, Leydig cells, 398 Acid phosphatase, serum, 416 Acinus

pancreas, 254 pancreatic ducts, 256

Acne vulgaris, 210 Acrosin, 379 Acrosome, 405 Acrosome reaction, 379 ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), 317, 318-

320, 342, 344 Actin, 28, 29, 50, 101

skeletal muscle, 104 Addison's disease, 344 Adenocarcinoma, 278 Adenoids, 182, 226 Adenoma, 338 Adenylate cyclase, 18 Adenyl cyclase, 314, 342, 398 ADH (antidiuretic hormone), 252, 308, 321 Adhesions

abdominal, 218 of iris, 433 pleural, 284 serosal, 218

Adipocytes, 69, 73 in connective tissue, 69, 77

Adrenal cortex adult, 339 disorders, 344 fetal, 339 structure and function, 339-344 zona fasciculata, 339, 342 zona glomerulosa, 339 zona reticularis, 342

Adrenal glands blood supply, 339 components, 336-338 cortex, 339-346 development, 336

Adrenal glands (Cont.) disorders, 344 medulla, 346-348 stroma, 338-339

Adrenal medulla control, 346-348 disorders, 348 hormones, 346 structure, 346

Adrenogenital syndrome, 346 Adventitia, 218, see also Tunica adventitia Agenesis, 449 Aging, 447-448 Albinism, 427 Aldosterone, 252, 306, 339 Alpha cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 Alveolar ducts, macrophage, sacs, see under the

nouns Alveolus(i), 273, 282-284, 287, 289

tooth, 219 Ameloblast, 219 Amino acid oxidase, 42 Amino acids, 5 Ampulla(ae)

ear, 435, 442 oviduct, 366-368 vas deferens, 411 of Vater, 256, 258

Amylase pancreatic, 254 salivary (ptyalin), 252

Anaphase, 50 Anaphylaxis, 148 Anastomosis, arteriovenous, 154, 155 Anatomic pathology, application of, 3 Androgens, 342, 398, 400 Anemia, 172

hemolytic, 305 pernicious, 232

Aneurysm, 148 cerebral artery, 146

464 Index

Angiotensin, 306, 339 Angiotensinogen, 306 Annular pancreas, 253 Annuli fibrosi, 138, 139, 141 Anterior chamber, eye, 422 Anthracosis, 186, 286 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 308 Antrum, 362 Anus, 216, 244 Aorta, 144-146 Aplasia, 449 Appendix, 182, 242 Appositional growth, 85 Aqueous humor, 426, 432 Arachnoid, 132 Area cribrosa, 308 Areola, breast, 206 Arrector pili muscles, 210 Arteriole, 148, 149, 154

glomerular afferent, 296, 306, 308 glomerular efferent, 296, 308

Arteriosclerosis, 146-148,447 Artery(ies), 144-148

arcuate, 308 arterioles, 148, 149, 154 basal, uterus, 370 elastic, 144-146 helicine, penis, 420 hepatic, 258 interlobar (rena!), 308 meningeal, 132 metarterioles, 148, 154 muscular, 146 penicillar, spleen, 188 renal,308 spiral, uterus, 370 testicular, 396 trabecular, spleen, 188 white pulp, spleen, 188

Ascorbic acid, 76 Asthma, 278 Astrocytes

fibrous, 118 protoplasmic, 118

Atelectasis, lung, 280, 284 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 34 ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase), 18,34

skeletal muscle, 108 Atrophy, 103,449 Atrioventricular block, 144 Auditory meatus, 432, 434-436 Auditory system, 436-440

and excessive noise, 443 external ear, 436

Auditory system (Cont.)

inner ear bony labyrinth, 437 membranous labyrinth of cochlea, 437-440

middle ear, 436-437 Auditory tube, 226, 436 Auricle, 435, 436 Autolysis, 8

B

Barr body, 22, 24 Basal body, 44, 45 Basal lamina

of alveolar septum, 285 urinary filter, 296

Basement membrane arteriole, 148 definition, 55, 56 of eye, 424, 425 hair, 210 intestine, 235 merocrine sweat glands, 206 thyroid epithelium, 326 vein, 152

Basophil, 164, 165, 168 in connective tissue, 69 of pituitary, 317, 319

Basophilia, 158 cytoplasmic, 29

Beta cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 Biliary system, extrahepatic, 268-270

ducts, 268-270 gallbladder, 270

Bilirubin, 158, 192 Bipolar cells, retinal, 427-429 Birds, for the, 1-463 Bivalent, 404, 407 Bladder

gall,270 urinary, 63, 311, 312

Blastocyst, 380 Blood, 157-172

plasma, 157 smear, 157, 159, 164 types, 158

Blood-brain barrier, 130 Blood cells, 157-165, see also cell types

counts, 157, 170 formation, 166-169

Blood pressure regulation, 306 Blood-testis barrier, 401, 402 Blood-thymus barrier, 179

B lymphocyte, 69,174-176,178-180 antibodies, 176 bursa-equivalent, 180 in GALT, 182 in lymph nodes, 186 in spleen, 190 in tonsils, 182

Body(ies) Barr, 22 Herring, 320 Nissl, 116 psammoma, 350 residual, 42

spermatozoon, 405 Bone, 84-99

canaliculi, 86, 89 canals

Haversian, 86, 91 Volkmann's, 86, 91

cells osteoblasts, 86, 89 osteoclasts, 88-89 osteocytes, 86, 89

compact, 86 composition, 84-86 diaphysis, 92 epiphysis, 92 fracture, 98-99 gross organization, 86 and hormonal disorders, 337 growth, 92, 93 lamellae, 86 marrow, 88

role in blood cell formation, 166-167 matrix, 88 medullary cavity, 86 ossification

endochondral, 88, 93 intramembranous, 88, 93 periosteum, 88

remodeling, 94-95 resorption, 92 spongy, 86 structure, 91 trabeculae, 86, 91 turbinate, 276

Bony labyrinth ear, 437 Bowman's capsule, 296, 300 Bowman's glands, 274 Bowman's membrane, 424 Brain, 114, 130

gray matter, 114, 130 meninges, relationship to, 132 white matter, 114, 130

Breast, 206-207, 209 lactating, 390, 391 pregnancy, 390-392 tumors, 453

Bronchioles, 273, 274, 280, 287, 289 Bronchus, 274, 276, 278, 279, 289 Brush border, 44

Index 465

proximal renal tubule, 302 Bulbocavernosus muscle, 420 Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper), 414, 416 Bundle

atrioventricular, 144 His, 144 nerve (fascicle), 124

Bundle branch block left, 144 right, 144

Bursa equivalent, 180, 182 Bursa of Fabricius, 180

c

Calcification, 94 of annulus fibrosus, 140 dental,219 of laryngeal cartilages, 276

Calcitonin, 84, 92, 329 Calcium

maintenance, serum level of, 334 in muscle, 106 regulation by parathyroid, 334

Calyces, renal, 292, 310 Canal(s)

auditory, 430 of Hering, 260, 266 hyaloid, 432 root, teeth, 219 of Schlemm, 423, 432, 433 semicircular, 435, 442

Canalicul us(i) bile, 258, 260 bone, 86 lacrimal, 432 secretory, gastric, 232

Capacitation, 379 Capillary(ies), 150-152

alveolar, 285 continuous endothelium, 150 fenestrated endothelium, 150, 297, 299 glomerular, 296-297, 299, 301 in myocardium, 141 sinusoid, 150

Carboxypeptidase, 254

466 Index

Carcinoma bladder, 63 cervical, 376, 451 colon, 453 cytolysis, 177 epidermal squamous, 198 epithelial dysplasia, 451 lip, 223 lung, 63 metastatic to

bone marrow, 171 lung, 453 lymph node, 187

prostate, 416--417, 447 stratified squamous, 63, 179 teratocarcinoma, 456--457 uterine, 388-389, 451

Cardia, gastric, 227, 230 Cardiac conduction system, 142-144, 145

atrioventricular bundle, 144, 145 atrioventricular node (AVN), 144, 145 bundle branches, 144, 145 bundle of His, 144, 145 contraction, 144 depolarization, 142, 144 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 sinoatrial node (SAN), 142-144, 145

Cardiac dysrhythmias, 142, 144 Cardiovascular system, 135-155

components, 138-155 functional correlations, 154, 155 organization, 135-138 receptors, sensory, 154, 155

Cartilage, 83-84 degeneration, 84 growth,84 matrix, 83 nutrition, 84 types

elastic, 84 fibrous, 84 hyalin, 83

Catalase, 42 Catecholamine, 346 Cathepsins, 40 Cell(s), 1, 4, 13-53. See also specific kinds and sub-

structures alveolar type I, 282, 283, 285 alveolar, type II, 282, 283, 285 blood, 157 cycle, 50-51, 454-456 electric coupling, 46 end, 50 histogenesis, 455 intestinal columnar, 235

Cell(s) (Cant.) junctions, 46 meiosis, 50, 52, 407 mitosis, 32, 50-53 membrane, see Plasmalemma nucleus, 20 peg, of oviduct, 366 structural organization, 18

Cell surface, specialization of, 44-48 Cellular growth, variations in, 449-453 Cementoblasts, 219 Cementocytes, 219 Cementum, 219 Central nervous system, see Nervous system, cen­

tral Centrioles, 15, 17, 32, 50

basal bodies, 32, 44-45 Centroacinar cells, 255, 256 Centromere, 50, 404, 406 Cerebrospinal fluid, 130-133 Cerumen, 206 Cervix, uterine. 61, 373, 377 Chambers, anterior and posterior, eye, 432 Chief cells, stomach, 232

parathyroid, 332 Cholecystokinin, 235, 270 Cholesterol, 262 Cholinesterase, 127 Chondroblast, 83 Chondrocyte, 85 Chordae tendinae, 138 Choriocapillary layer of eye, 426 Choriocarcinoma, 388, 389 Chorion, 384 Chorion frondosum, 386 Chorion laeve, 386 Choroid, eye, 426 Choroid plexus, 120, 130-132 Chromaffin cells, 346 Chromatid, 404, 406 Chromatin, 22, 60,68, 160, 162, 176 Chromatolysis, 134 Chromophobe, 317 Chromosomes, 15, 22, 24

meiosis, sperm and egg, 52 at metaphase, 20, 22

Chylomicron, 235 Chyme, 227 Chymotrypsinogen, 254 Cilia, 15, 32, 44-46

oviductal, 46, 379 Ciliary body, 423, 426, 429 Ciliary motion, 44 Ciliary muscle, eye, 426, 429 Ciliary process, 426, 429

Cinematography, time-lapse, 52 Circulatory system, 137 Cirrhosis, liver, 68, 226, 268, 458 Cistern

cardiac muscle, 110 endoplasmic reticulum, 36 nuclear, 20, 29 plasma cells, 176 terminal, skeletal muscle, 106 unit membrane, 36

Citric acid, 416 Clitoris, 378 Coagulation, 164 Cochlea, 437 Colchicine, 29 Collagen, 56, 74

basal lamina of basement membrane, 56 bony matrix, 88 in cardiac valve cusps, 138 in connective tissue, 67, 69, 72, 77 in elastic arteries, 146 epimysium, muscle, 108 in skeletal muscle, 108 in veins, 152 Type I, II, III, IV, 74

Collagenase, 40, 69 Colloid, ground substance, 26 Colon, 216, 242-244 Colostrum, 390 Column

anal (of Morgagni), 244 renal (of Bertin), 292

Complex(es) Golgi,38 juxtaglomerular, 306

Conceptus, 382-386 Cones, retinal, 427 Coni vasculosi, 410 Conjunctiva, 432, 433 Connective tissue, 67-81

adipose, 77 brain, 132 cell types, 68-72 dense, 77

irregular, 77 regular, 77

dermis, 197, 200-201, 205 fibers, 72-76

collagenous, 72-74 elastic, 76 reticular, 74-76

ground substance, 67, 76 hypodermis, 197,201,205 loose, 76

Connective tissue (Cant.) meninges, 132-133 scar, 68

Contact inhibition, 20 Contraction, 102

depolarization, 108

Index 467

molecular reorientation mechanism, 106 repolarization, 108 skeletal muscle, 106 sliding filament theory, 106 smooth muscle, 102

Cords, vocal, 274, 276 Cornea, eye, 422-426 Corneal epithelium, 424 Corona radiata, 362 Coronary artery occlusion, 146 Corpora amylacea, 414 Corpora arenacea. See Psammoma bodies Corpora cavernosa, 418 Corpus albicans, 363 Corpus atreticum, 364 Corpus spongiosum, 418, 419 Corpuscle

muscle, 110 Pacinian, 127 renal, 294 tactile (of Meissner), 127 thymic (Hassall's), 179

Corpus albicans, 365 Corpus luteum, 363, 365, 367 Corpus spongiosum, 418 Cortex

adrenal, 339-346 fetal, 336, 339, 343

bone, 84 cerebral, 132 renal, 292

Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), 324, 344 Cortisol, 342 Cotyledon, placental, 384 Cowper, glands of, 416 Cranium, 132 Cremasteric reflex, 396 Cremaster muscle, 396 Cretinism, 330 Cristae mitochondriales, 34 Crown, tooth, 219 Crypt

intestinal (of Lieberkuhn), 234-238 tonsillar muscosa, 182, 224, 226, 276

Cryptorchid testis, 408 Cumulus oophorus, 361, 362 Cusps, cardiac valve, 138 Cutaneous appendages, 204 Cuticle, hair, 210

468 Index

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 314, 342, 398

Cytokinesis, 50 Cytology, exfoliative, 196 Cytoplasm, 26-43

ground substance, 26--28 cell center, 28 ectoplasm, 28 endoplasm, 28

Cytoplasmic basophilia, 29 Cytotrophoblast, 380

D

Dartos, 418 Decidua basalis, 382 Decidua capsularis, 382 Decidual cells, 388 Decidua parietalis, 382 Dehydroepiandrosterone, 342 Demilune of Gianuzzi, 253 Dendritic cells, spleen, 190 Dense connective tissue, 77 Dentinal tubules, 219 Deoxyribonuclease, 254 Deoxyribonucleic acid, see DNA Dephosphorylation of ATP, in contraction ofskele-

tal muscle, 106 Depolarization

neural membrane, 127 of photoreceptors, 421, 428 sarcolemmal, 127

Dermatitis, contact, 201 Dermatoglyphics, 195-196 Dermis, 197, 200 Descemet's membrane, 424 Desmosome, 29, 46

of cardiac muscle, 110 of stratum spinosum, epidermis, 196

Diabetes insipidus, 308 Diabetes mellitus, 192, 356 Diapedesis, 150 Diaphragm, fenestrated capillary, 150 Diaphysis, 88 Digestive system, tubular, 215, 245

organization, 215-216 structure, 216--218

Dilator pupillary, 426 Disc, intercalated, cardiac, 110 Disc, optic, 430 Distal tubule, renal, 304 Diurnal rhythms, 350-352 Diverticula, 244 Diverticulosis, 243

Diverticulum, ileal (of Meckel), 240 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 22, 34, 50

replication, 53 DNase, 40 Dopa reaction, 198, 202 Duct(s)

alveolar, 273, 274, 280, 281, 283 cochlear, 435, 437, 439-441 common bile, 258, 268 cystic, 270 ejaculatory, 411 endolymphatic, 444 gallbladder (cystic), 268 pancreatic, 256

of Santorini, 256 of Wirsung, 256

renal papillary (of Bellini), 292, 308 right lymphatic, 192 salivary, 248-253

function, 252 testicular, 410-414 ventral rudiment, pancreas, 253 Wharton's, 253

Ductuli efferentes, 410-411 Ductus deferens, 411, 413 Ductus epididymis, 411 Duodenum, 240 Dura mater, 132 Dust cells, lung, 284 Dyad,404 Dysplasia, 450

mammary, 208

E

Ear, 434-444 auditory system, see Auditory system vestibular system, 440-444

Ear drum. See Tympanic membrane Ectopic pregnancy, 388 Edema, 76 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 72-74 Ejaculatory duct, 411 Elastin, 76

artery, 146 vein, 152

Electron transport system, 35, 44 Ellipsoid, splenic, 188 Embolism, pulmonary, 152 Enamel, tooth, 219 Endocarditis, bacterial, 138 Endocardium, 138 Endocrine glands, 314 Endocytosis, 18, 64, see also Phagocytosis

Endolymph, 434, 437, 442-444 Endometriosis, ectopic, 373, 377 Endometrium, 368-370, 375

after birth, 382 changes in menstruation, 368, 370 implantation, 383

Endoneurium, 124 Endoplasmic reticulum, 15, 20, 29, 36-37

plasma cells, 69, 176 neurons (Nissl bodies), 116 rough (RER), 36, 40, 50, 64 smooth (SER), 36, 40

Endothelium of alveolar septum, 285 cardiovascular, 135, 151 vascular, urinary filter, 296

Enteroendocrine (APUD) cells, 62, 232, 235 of trachea and bronchi, 276

Enteroglucagon,232 Enzyme, hydrolytic, 40 Eosinophil, 162, 163, 168 Ependymocyte, 120 Epicardium, 138, 142 Epidermis, 196 Epididymis, 8, 410 Epinephrine, 346 Epineurium, 124 Epiphysis, bone, 92

pineal, 348 Epithelium, 55-66

basement membrane, 56 basal lamina, 56 reticular lamina, 56

of Bowman's capsule, 296-297 bronchial, 277, 280, 287 ciliated, 62, 287

nasal, 276 classification, 55-56 conducting, 277, 280 definition, 55 eye, conjunctival fornix, 62 follicular, 362 gastrointestinal, 58 germinal, 360 glandular, 64-66. See also specific gland glomerular, 296 keratinized stratified squamous, 29

nasal, 276 of kidney, 58 non-ciliated, bronchial, 287 olfactory, 275 oviductal, 367 pigment, 429 respiratory, 282 spermatogenic, 400

Epithelium (Cant.) types, 57

mesothelium, 56

Index 469

nonkeratinized stratified squamous, 60 pseudostratified columnar, 62 pseudostratified transitional, 62 simple columnar, 58 simple cuboidal, 58 simple squamous, 56-58 stratified columnar, 62 stratified cuboidal, 62 stratified squamous, 60 urethra, 62

vascular, urinary filter, 296 Erythrocytes, 158, 159

destruction by spleen, 192 Erythropoiesis, 166, 168, 169 Esophagus, 216, 226-227, 229 Escalator, mucociliary, 284 Estradiol, 315 Estrogen, 363, 386 Euchromatin, 22 Eustachian tube (auditory), 436 Exfoliative cytology, 196-197 Exocytosis, 19, 20, 42, 64 Eye, 421-433

adnexa, 432-433 development, 421-422, 423 structure, 422-432

cornea, 422, 424 iris, 426 layers, 427 lens, 430 rods and cones, 427 sclera, 422 tunica fibrosa, 422 tunica interna (retina), 427 tunica vasculosa, 426

Eyelids, 432

F

Fallopian tubes, see Oviducts Feedback inhibition, 314

pituitary, 324 Fenestration, hepatic sinusoid, 264 Ferritin, 192 Fertilization, 379-380 Fetoplacental unit, 388 Fiber(s)

connective tissue, 68, 72, 74, 76, 79, 81, 91 elastic, spleen, 186 intrafusal, muscle spindle, 127 muscle, 101

470 Index

Fiber(s) (Cont.) nerve, bundle, 124 Purkinje, 144, 145 reticular, 102

as lymphoid stroma, 174 sensory nerve, 130 Sharpey's, 88 zonular, 423, 426, 428, 429

Fibrin, 157, 165 Fibrinogen, 157 Fibroblasts, 68, 71, 79, 81, 108 Fibroma, 68, 70 Fibrosis, 77 Filter, urinary, 296-300 Filtration angle, 429, 432, 433 Fimbria, oviduct, 366 Fluid

aqueous humor, eye, 426, 432 bile, 270 cerebrospinal (CSF), 130, 132 endolymph,434 gastric, 227 menstrual, 372 ovarian follicular, 363 oviductal, 366 perilymph, 434 preejaculatory, 420 prostatic, 420 saliva, 248 semen, 420 sexual lubrication, female, 378 tear, 432

Fold(s) and columns (of Morgagni), 244 junctional, 126 plicae circulares, 234, 238 vocal, 275, 276

Follicle, Graafian, 363 Follicle, ovarian, 360-362

atresia, 364 corpus luteum, 363 development, 362-363 ovulation, 363

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 318, 401, 408, 409

Foramen, apical, 219, 221 Foreign body reaction, 71 Fornix

superior conjunctival, 432 vaginal, 373

Fossa navicularis, 420 Fovea, 430, 431 Fracture, bone, 94

healing, 98 Fundus, gastric, 227, 230

G

I3-Galactosidase, 40 Gallbladder, 270 Gametes, 52 GALT, see Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Ganglion

autonomic, 124-126 cells, 124-126

of retina, 427, 429, 430 of sinoatrial node, 144

cranial, 114, 124-126 parasympathetic, 124-126 spinal, 114, 124-126 sympathetic, 124-126

Gastric areas, 227 Gastric glands, 230

chief (zymogenic) cells, 232 enteroendocrine (argentaffin, APUD) cells, 230,

232 mucous neck cells, 230 parietal (oxyntic) cells, 230-232

Gastric pits (foveolae), 227, 232 Gastrin, 232, 356 Gastritis, 232 Genitalia, female, 357, 381

development, 358 external, 378

Germinal center, 178, 186 Gigantism, 317 Gingiva, 219 Glands, 64-66. See also individual glands

acinar, 64, 65 adrenal, 336-348 cardiac, pharyngeal, 226 definition, 64 development, 64 duodenal (of Brunner), 240 endocrine, 64-66

corpus luteum, 363, 365, 367 follicles, 66 hypothalamus, 324-325 secretory clumps, 66

exocrine, 64-66 acinar, 64 apocrine, 66 compound, 64-66 holocrine, 66 merocrine, 66 simple, 64 tubular, 64, 65 tubuloacinar, 64

gastric, 230-234 goblet cells, 58 male reproductive, 414-417

Glands (Cont.) mammary, 206-207, 209, 390-392 of Moll, 206 parathyroid, 332-336 pineal, 348-350 pituitary, 316 salivary, 248-252 sebaceous, 207, 211 serous, 225 sweat, 197, 204-205, 209

apocrine, 206 merocrine, 206

thyroid, 326-331 vestibular (of Bartholin), 378

Glands, digestive system definition, 247 extrahepatic biliary system, 268-270 liver, 258-268 pancreas, 253-256 parotid, 251, 252 sublingual, 249, 251, 253 submandibular, 249, 251, 252 salivary, 247-253

Glans, penis, 418 Glans clitoridis, 378 Glaucoma, 432, 433 Glial cells (neuroglia), 118-121

astrocytes, 116, 118-121 ependymocytes, 120, 121 microglia, 120, 121 oligodendrocytes, 116, 120, 121

Glomerular epithelium, 296 Glomerulonephritis, 300

membranous, 298, 300 Glomerulus, 296-301 Glomus, plantar surface, 212 Glucagon, 69, 354, 356 Glucocorticoids, 342 Glucose, 356 a-Glucosidase, 40 Glycocalyx, 20, 46

erythrocyte, 158 hepatocyte, 264

Glycogen, 104 cardiac conduction fiber, 144 hepatic, 260-262 motor end-plate, 127 muscle, 104 vaginal, 378

Glycogenolysis, 346 Glycoprotein, of skeletal muscle, 104 Glycosaminoglycan, 46

in basal lamina, 56 in cartilage, 83 in connective tissue, 76

Goblet cells, 235 Goiter, 329 Golgi apparatus, 15, 17, 36, 38-39

absorptive cells, intestinal, 235 enteroendocrine cells, 232 functions, 38-40 glands, 64 neuron, 116 plasma cells, 176 Sertoli cells, 401

Gonadotroph, 318

Index 471

Gonadotrophin, 318, 358, 386, 388, 408, 409 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GRH), 392 Gonorrhea, 368 Graafian follicle, 363 Granulosa cells, 362 Granulosa lutein cells, 363 Graves' disease, 330 Ground substance, 76 Growth, 449-452

appositional, cartilage, 84 interstitial, cartilage, 84 long bone diameter, 88 variations in cellular, 449-452

Gut, 215-245 Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), 182

appendix, 182 lamina propria, 182 tonsils, 182

H

Hair, 207-210 Hassall's corpuscles, 179 Haversian system, 86 Heart, 138-144 Helix, double, DNA, 22 Hemangioma, 150 Hematocrit, 157,446,447 Hematopoietic disease, 170-172 Hemoglobin, 158 Hemorrhage

retroplacental, 388 subarachnoid, 132 subdural, 132

Hemorrhoids, 244 Hemosiderin, 28, 69, 264 Henle's loop, 294, 304 Heparin, 69, 164 Hepatocyte, 40, 50, 258, 260-264

cholesterol synthesis, 262 electron microscopy of, 262 glycogen, 262

472 Index

Hepatocyte (Cont.) Golgi apparatus, 262 lipoproteins, 262 lysosomes and peroxisomes, 262 mitochondria, 262 plasmalemma, 264 response to drugs, 262 rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), 262 smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 262 structure, 260-264

Hering, canals of, 260 Herring bodies, 320, 392 Heterochromatin, 22 Hilus, renal, 292 His, bundle of, 144 Histamine, 69, 164 Histiocytes, 68 Histochemistry, 2 Histology

basis of, 4 color in, 8

Histopathologic diagnosis autopsy in, 2-3 biopsy in, 3

Homeostatic mechanism, 154 Hormones, see also individual hormones

and mammary gland, 392-393 mechanisms of, 314-316, 324-325 and spermiogenesis, 408-409

Horseradish peroxidase, 8 Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), 318, 382 Hyaline cartilage, 74 Hyaline membrane disease, 282 Hyalouronidase, 379 Hydrogen peroxide metabolism, 42 Hyperplasia, 449

congenital adrenal cortical, 344 Hypertension, arterial, 148 Hyperthyroidism, 330 Hypertrophy, 103,449 Hypodermis, 201 Hypophysis, 315 Hypoplasia, 449 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 343-344 Hypothalamohypophyseal tract, 320 Hypothalamus, 307, 308, 315, 324 Hypothyroidism, 330

I

ICSH (interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone), 398 Immobilization, 152 Immune system, 174

Immunity cellular, 176, 179 humoral, 176

Immunofluorescence, 2 Immunohistology, 8 Inclusions, cell, 28 Incus, 435 Infarction, 143, 146, 456, 459 Inflammatory response, in connective tissue, 68 Infundibulum, oviduct, 366 Infundibulum, pituitary, 315, 317 Inguinal canal, 396 Inhibin, 408 Insulin, 354-356 Intercalation, pancreatic ducts, 256 Interdigitation

actin-myosin filaments, 106 proximal tubule cells, 302

Interferon, 69 Interstitial cells

of Leydig, 398, 399 pineal,350

Interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone, see ICSH Interstitial growth, 85 Intestine

large, 242-244 small, 216, 234-242

Intrinsic factor, 232 Invasion, 452, 453 Invasiveness, 452, 453 Iodine, 328--329 Iris, 426-427 Ischemia, 456, 458, 459

muscular arteries, 146--148 Isthmus, oviduct, 368

J

Jaundice, obstructive, 261 Jejunum, 240 Junction(s)

cardiac muscle, 110 fetal-maternal placenta, 388 intercellular, 15, 46-49

adhering, 46 gap (nexus), 46 muscle, 102 muscle-tendon, 108 myoneuronal, 126, 128

tight (occluding junction), 46 Junctional folds, 126 Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, 306 Juxtaglomerular complex, 306 Juxtamedullary nephron, 304

K

Karyokinesis, 50 Karyotype, 21 Keratin, 29, 60, 196 Keratinization, 60, 196 Keratinocytes, 198 Keratohyalin, 196 Keratosis, actinic (solar), 198 Kidneys, 291

blood supply, 309 development, 292 epithelium, 58 structure and function, 291-293

Krebs cycle, 34 enzymes, 34

Kupffer cells, 264, 265

L

Labia majora, 378 Labia minora, 378 Labyrinth, bony, ear, 434-444 Labyrinth, membranous, ear, 434-444 Lacrimal apparatus, 432 Lacrimal gland, 432 Lactation, 390--392, 393 Lacteal, 235 Lactiferous ducts, 207, 392 Lacunae

bone, 86 hepatic laminae, 258 hyalin cartilage, 83

Lamella, bone, 86 Lamellated corpuscles (of Pacini), 201 Lamina, hepatic, 258, 266 Lamina cribrosa, 422 Lamina propria, 162, 178, 182, 216, 235, 238, 242,

244,268 anal canal, 244 appendix, 242 colon, 244 definition of, 216 digestive, eosinophils in, 162 esophageal, 226 gallbladder, 270 gastric, 230 as lymphoid organ, 173, 178, 182 nasal cavity, 276 oviduct, 366 small intestine, 235, 238 trachea and bronchi, 278

Langerhans cells, 200

Langerhans, islets of, 256, 352-356 cells and hormones, 354 disorders, 356 organization, 352

Langer's lines, 201 Laryngopharynx, 226 Larynx, 273, 275, 276 Lens, 422, 425, 429-431 Lens epithelium, 422, 430, 431 Lens placode, 422, 425 Lens vesicle, 422, 425 Leptomeninges, 132 Leukemia, 170--172, 190 Leukocytes, 69, 160--165, 168

agranulocytes, 160, 161, 168 in connective tissue, 69 granulocytes, 162-165, 168

Leydig cells, 36, 398, 399 LH (luteinizing hormone), 318 Ligament, 77

suspensory, of lens, 426 Light-sensitive cells, retinal, 427 Lingual tonsils, 182 Lipofuscin, 116, 342 Lipolysis, 346 Lipoprotein synthesis, 40, 262 Lips, 219, 221, 223 Liver, 258

Index 473

bile ducts, development and structure of, 258-260

blood supply, 258 cirrhosis of, 68, 226, 268, 458 congestion (nutmeg liver), 266 disease, 261, 268-269 function, 264-268 Golgi complexes, 38 hepatocytes, 260--264 jaundice, 261 lobules, 264-266

Lobule hepatic

classic, 266 portal, 266

mammary gland, 390 pancreas, 253 pulmonary, 288 salivary gland, 248 testicular, 398

Loose connective tissue, 76 Lung, 288 Lutein cells, 363 Luteinizing hormone, 318, 398, 408, 409 Lymphatics, 184-186, 192, 286, 398

testicular, 398

474 Index

Lymph nodes, 184-186, 447 parenchyma, 186 sinuses, 184-186 stroma, 184 vessels, 184

Lymphocyte, 160, 161, 168, 174, 176 circulation, 193-194 differentiation, 178

Lymphoid organs, 178 appendix, 242 cell production, 179 nodes, 184 primary, 178-181 secondary, 182-192

Lymphoid tissue, 173 alveolar, 286 diffuse, 178 gut-associated, 182 ileal lymphoid (Peyer's) patches, 182, 240 lamina propria, 182 nasopharyngeal, 276 nodular, 178 organization, 178 structure, 174-176

Lymphokines,68 Lymphoma, 190, 193 Lymphopoiesis, 166 Lysine, 76 Lysosomal storage disease, 42

sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease), 42

Lysosomes, 15, 17,29,40-42,262 autophagosome, 42

of hepatocytes, 262 of neurons, 116 of neutrophils, 162

phagosome, 42 pinosome, 42

Lysozyme, 230, 232, 238

M

~acrophages, 68-69, 71, 162, 193 alveolar, 284, 287 hepatic, of Kupffer, 264, 265 in connective tissue, 68-69 microglia, 120 and Niemann-Pick disease, 42

~acula adherens, see Desmosome ~acula densa cells, 306 ~acula occludens, 46-47 ~alabsorption diseases, 234-235 ~ale reproductive system, 395

~alleus, 435 ~alpighian corpuscle, 294 ~alpighian layer, 210, 212 ~ammary gland

active, 390 lactating, 39

~arrow, bone, 84, 166 organization, 166

~ast cells, 69, 73, 79 in connective tissue, 69 in pineal, 350

~astoid air cells, 435, 437 ~astoid antrum, 437 ~atrix, 76

bone, 88 cartilage, 83

~eckel's diverticulum, 240-241 ~ediastinum, 284

testicular, 396 ~edicine, fields of biology in, 3 ~edullary pyramids, renal, 292 ~edullary rays, rental, 292 ~egakaryocytes, 166, 168, 169 ~eiosis, 50, 52, 404, 407 ~elanin, 198, 428, 429 ~elanocytes, 69, 198-200, 205 ~elanocyte-stimulating hormone (~SH), 320 ~elanogenesis, 198, 203 ~elanoma, 200, 203 ~elatonin, 350 ~embrane

basilar, 440, 441 Bowman's, 424, 425 Bruch's, 427, 429 Descemet's, 424, 425 fetal-maternal (Nitabuch's), 388 iridopupillary, 4 mucous, lymphoid tissue in, 173, 178 respiratory, 282 tectorial, 435, 439, 440 tympanic, 434, 437

~embranous labyrinth (cochlea), 437 ~eniere's disease, 444 ~eninges, brain and spinal cord, 132 ~enopause, 358, 451 ~enstrual cycle, 370-373 ~erkel cells, 200 ~esenchyme, 67, 81

extraembryonic, 384 ~esoderm, 166,200,316 ~esovarium, 358 ~etaphase, 50 ~etaplasia, 60, 449-450

squamous, 60

Metastasis, 186 Microfilaments, 15, 29, 31 Microscopy, 1, 8-11

dark field, 10 electron, 2, 5, 62

scanning, 5 light, 2, 62 phase contrast, 10 polarizing, 10 ultraviolet, 10

Microsections, 3 Microtechnique, ~

dehydration in, 4 embedding in, 4 fixation in, 4 infiltration in, 5

Microtome, 5 Microtubules, 15, 29, 31, 32, 44, 50 Microvillus(i), 15, 19, 44

intestinal, 234 stereocilia, 44

Middle ear, 436, 437 Milk, breast, 390 Mineralocorticoids, 339 Mitochondria, 15, 33

and Krebs cycle, 34-35 Mitosis, 50-53

spindle formation, 32 Modiolus, 436, 437, 439 Monocyte, 160, 161, 168 Morbid anatomy, see Anatomic pathology, applica-

tion of Morphologic criteria, 1 Motor end-plate, 126, 130 MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), 320 Mucigen, 235 Mucin, 235 Mucosa, digestive, 216

epithelium, 216 gastric, 227-234 lamina propria, 216 small intestine, 234-240

Mucous surface cells, gastric, 227 Mucus, cervical, 373 Mucus formation in goblet cells, 235 Muller cells, 430 Mumps, 253 Muscle, 101-111

cardiac, 101,110 intercalated discs, 110 sarcomere, 110 T system, 110 T tubule, 110 Z line, 110

Muscle (Cont.) connective tissue, 81 differentiation, 110 hypertrophy, 110 regeneration, 110 skeletal, 101, 104-110

A band, 104, 106 contraction of, 107 endomysium, 108 fascicles, 108 H band, 106 I band, 104 innervation, 110 perimysium, 108 red, 108 sarcolemma, 104, 106 sarcomere, 104 T tubule, 106 white, 108 Z line, 104, 106

smooth, 101, 102 of blood vessels, 15, 146 of dermis, 201 of mammary gland, 206 reticular fibers, 102 of spleen, stroma, 186 of villi, 235

stapedius, 437

Index 475

Muscularis externa, pharynx, 226-227 Muscularis mucosae, 218, 235

respiratory, 276 Myasthenia gravis, 127 Myelin, 120 Myelination, 122 Myelopoiesis, 166, 168 Myenteric plexus, 221 Myocardial infarction, 108-109, 110, 142, 143 Myocardium, 138-143

conduction, 142 degeneration, 142 necrosis, 109,142 refractory period, 142

Myofibril cardiac, 110, 144 skeletal muscle, 104 smooth muscle, 102

Myofilament, skeletal muscle, 104 Myoglobin, 108 Myoid cells, 400 Myometrium, 370, 382

changes in pregnancy, 370 Myosin, 29, 50, 101

skeletal muscle, 104, 106 smooth muscle, 102

Myxedema, 330

476 Index

N

Nails, 212 Nasal cavities, 273, 274-276

ciliary motion, 276 goblet cells, 276 lymphoid tissue, 276

Nasopharynx, 226 Neoplasia, 452 Neoplastic change, 60 Nephron, 294, 302-303, 305 Nerve endings

encapsulated, 127-130 muscle spindles, 127-130 myoneural junction, 126-129 naked, 127 Pacinian corpuscles, 127 tactile corpuscles (of Meissner), 127

Nerve regeneration, 134 Nerves, 124

cranial, 114 spinal, 114 vestibular, 435, 442, 444

Nervous system. See also specific parts and tissues organization, 113-115 regeneration, 134

Nervous system, central (CNS), 113 choroid plexuses, 130, 131 gray matter, 116, 130, 131 histology, 130 interstitial space, 120 meninges, 132 nuclei, 130, 131 organization, 113 tracts, 130 white matter, 116, 130, 131

Nervous system, peripheral, 114, 115 autonomic nervous system, 114 cranial and spinal nerves, 114 histology, 124-130

end organs, 126-130 ganglia, 124-126 motor (efferent) endings, 126-127 nerves, 124 sensory (afferent) endings, 126, 154, 155

myelination, 122 neurilemmal cells (Schwann cells), 120

Neural crest, 120, 198, 336, 352 Neurilemmal (Schwann) cells, 120 Neurilemmoma, 124 Neuroblastoma, 348 Neuron, 116

axon, 114, 116 cell body (soma), 114

Neuron (Cont.) classification, 118 dendrite, 114, 116 neurotransmitter, 116 Nissl bodies, 116, 134

Neutrophil, 69, 73, 162 life span, 162

Nevus, 200, 202 Newborn

bone, 87 lung, 287 thymus, 179, 181

Niemann-Pick disease, 43 Nipple, breast, 206 Nissl bodies, see Endoplasmic reticulum, rough Nitabuch's membrane, 388 Node of Ranvier, 120 Norepinephrine, 69, 346 Normality, 103, 446 Nuclear envelope, 15, 20, 50 Nucleolus, 15, 26, 50 Nucleus, 15, 17, 20, 27

o

bilobed, 17 cardiac muscle, 110

of nervous system, 130 paraventricular, 320 supraoptic, 320

Occlusion, arterial, 147, 446, 447 Occlusion, venous, 153 Odontoblast, 219 Oligodendrocyte, 120 Oocyte, 360-362 Optic cup, 421, 425 Optic disc, 430 Optic vesicle, 421, 425 Oral cavity, 215, 218-226 Organ, 4 Organelles, 28-44 Organ of Corti, 440 Oropharynx, 226 Os, cervical, 373 Osseous spinal lamina, 437 Ossicles, 434, 435, 437, 440 Ossification center, 88 Osteoblasts, 86-89 Osteoclasts, 88-89 Osteocytes, 86-89 Osteolysis, 334 Osteomalacia, 92, 94 Osteon, 86, 91, 95

Osteoporosis, 94 Ostium, oviduct, 366 Otitis media, 437 Otolithic membrane, 442 Otoliths, 442 Oval window, ear, 439 Ovary, 359

atresia, 362 cortex, 360 follicles, 360-362, 451 germinal epithelium, 360 medulla, 360 structure, 360 tunica albuginea, 360

Oviduct, 359, 364--368 cilia, 46

Oxidative phosphorylation, 34 Ovulation, 359, 363, 365, 381 Oxyphil cell, 332 Oxytocin, 321, 323, 392

p

Pacemaker, see Sinoatrial node Pacinian corpuscle, 197, 205 Paired palatine tonsils, 182 Pampiniform plexus, 396 Pancreas, 253, 352

development of, 253 differentiation from parotid gland, 256 enzymes, 254 Langerhans, Islets of, 352-356 organization, 253-256 pathology of, 256

Pancreatitis, 256 Paneth cells, 238 Panniculus adiposus, 201 Papilla

blood vessels of skin, 212 connective, skin, 127 of tongue, 219, 224-225 hair, 207 optic, 430 renal, 292 renal medulla, 292

Papillary layer, dermis, 200 Papillary muscles, 138 Papilloma, choroid plexus, 120 Parafollicular (C) cells, 329 Paraganglia, 346 Paranasal sinuses, 273

Parathormone, 84, 92 Parathyroid gland, 327

disorders, 336 function, 334 organization, 332 parenchyma, 332 stroma, 332

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 334 Parenchyma

lymph node, 186 pancreas, 254-256 parathyroid, 332 spleen, 188 thymus, 179

Parenchymatous organs, 77 Parietal cells, 231 Parotid glands, 249, 252 Pars distalis, pituitary, 317 Pars intermedia, 320, 323 Pars nervosa, 320, 323 Pedicle

astrocyte, 118 Pelvis, renal, 292 Penis

erection, 420 organization, 418

Pepsin, 232

Index 477

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), 188 Pericardium, 142 Perichondrium, 83 Pericyte, 150 Perilymph, 434, 437, 442 Perineurium, 124 Periodontal ligament, 219, 223 Periodontitis, 219, 222 Periosteum, 91, 133 Peristalsis, 102, 114 Peritoneum, 59

liver, 258 ovarian, 358 processus vaginal is, 396 visceral, 217, 221

Peritonitis, 220 Peroxidase, 42 Peroxisomes, 42, 262 Peyer's patches, 182 Phagocytosis, 18, 68, 162, 174 Pharynx, 216, 226, 273 Pheochromocytoma, 347, 348 Pheromone, 194, 207 Photons, 427 Photoreceptor cells, 427, 428, 430 Pia mater, 118, 132 PIF (prolactin inhibiting factor), 392 Pilosebaceous unit, 210

478 Index

Pineal gland, 315 functions of, 350-352 organization, 348-350

Pinealocytes, 348-350 Pinocytolic vescicles, 15, 150 Pinocytosis, 18 Pituicytes, 320 Pituitary gland, 315

adenohypophysis, 316 blood vessels, 321, 325 cells and products, 317-321 development, 316 mechanisms of control, 321-324 neurohypophysis, 317 pars distalis, 317-320, 325 pars intermedia, 320, 323 pars nervosa, 319, 320-321, 323

Pituitary hypofunction, 318 Placenta

accreta, 387 chorion, 384-386 development, 383-385 disorders, 388 exchange, 386 fetal component, 382-388 fetal-maternal junction, 388 hormones, 386 maternal component, 388 mature, 387 previa, 388 villi, 382-386

Plasma, blood, 157 proteins, 157

Plasmablast, 176 Plasma cells, 69, 73, 174

in connective tissue, 69 in lymphoid tissue, 176

Plasmalemma, 18-20, 44, see also Junctions, inter-cellular

enzymes of, 18 lipid bilayer of, 18 of mitochondria, 34 physiologic properties of, 18

Plasma membrane, see Plasmalemma Platelet, 164, 165, 168

life span, 164 Pleura, 284 Plexus

myenteric (Auerbach's), 218 submucous (Meissner's), 218, 226, 240

Plicae circulares, 234, 238 Pneumonia, 280 Podocyte, 300, 301 Polar body, 363 Polycythemia rubra vera, 170

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 162 Polyps, colon, 244 Polyribosomes, 29 Pore

alveolar (of Kohn), 282 nuclear, 20, 21 slit, Bowman's capsule, 300

Porta, 258 Portal tract, 258 Posterior chamber, eye, 422 Potassium, 339

excretion in saliva, 252 Pregnancy

breast and, 390-392 cleavage to blastocyst and, 380 corpus luteum, 363 fertilization, 379-380 implantation and decidual relations, 380-382 oocyte transport, 379 placenta, 384-388 sperm transport, 379 tubal,383 uterine adaptation, 103

Pregnenolone conversion, 398 Prepuce, 418 Primitive cells, 92 PRL (prolactin), 317 Progesterone, 363, 382, 386 Prolactin, 317 Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), 324, 392 Proline, 76 Pronucleus

female, 380 male, 380

Prophase, 50 Prostate gland, 414-416 Prostatic carcinoma, 416, 417, 447 Prostatic hypertrophy, 416, 417 Protein, androgen binding, 401 Protein synthesis, 26, 36, 41 Proteoglycan, 56

in basal lamina, 56 Psammoma bodies, 350 PTH, 334, 335 Puberty, male, 398 Pulmonary artery, 144-146 Pulp

splenic, 188-190 teeth,219

Pupil,426 Pupillary dilator, 426 Pupillary sphincter, 426 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 Pylorus, 227, 232 Pyramid, medullary, 292, 293

R

Radioautography, 2 Ranvier, node of, 120 Reaction center, see Germinal center Receptor molecules, 20 Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas), 378 Reflex

neuroendocrine, 321 postural, 127

Regeneration, 456, 458, 459 muscle, 110 nerve, 134

Relaxin, 386 Releasing factors, hypothalamic, 324 Remodeling, bone, 94 Renal (Malpighian), corpuscle, 291, 294-302

epithelial component (Bowman's capsule), 296-300

vascular component, 294-296 Renal infarct, 439 Renal lobule, 294 Renal sinus, 292 Renin, 306, 386 Repair, 456, 458, 459 Residual body, 42 Respiratory system

blood vessels, 284 bronchus, 279 conducting portion, 274-280 definition, 273-274 development, 286 diseases, 273-274 lung, structure and organization, 283, 288 lympatics, 286 membrane, 282 respiratory portion, 273, 280--286

Response adrenal cortical, 344 emergency, 348

Rete testis, 410 Reticular cells, 174

thymus, 179 Reticular framework, see Stroma Reticular layer, dermis, 201 Reticulocytes, 158 Retina, 427-432

bipolar cells, 428 blind spot, 430 ganglion cells, 430 neural layer, 427-429 pars ciliaris, 427 pars iridis, 427 pars optica, 427

Retina (Cont.) pigment layer, 427-429 rods and cones, 427-428

Rheumatic fever, 138, 141 Rhodoposin, 427 Ribonuclease, 254 Ribonucleic acid, see RNA Ribosomes, 15, 20, 26, 29, 36

of motor end-plate, 127 Rickets, 94, 97 Ring

annuli fibrosi, 138 C-shaped tracheal, 278

Index 479

cytoplasmic microtubules of erythrocytes, 158 tonsillar (Waldeyer's), 182, 224 tracheal, 83

RNA (ribonucleic acid), 22, 26, 27, 29 in erythrocytes, 158 pancreas, 254 and protein synthesis, 27

Rods, retinal, 427 Root

hair, 207 tooth,219

Rugae, gastric, 227 Round window, ear, 437

s

Sac, alveolar, 273, 280 lacrimal, 423, 432

Saccule, 442 Salivary glands, 248--252

ducts, 248--253 innervation, 248 organization, 248 secretion, 248

Salpingitis, 368 Salt, in distal tubule, 304 Sarcomere, skeletal muscle, 104 Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SER), 104

calcium ions, 106 terminal cistern, 106

Scala tympani, 435, 437, 439 Scala vestibuli, 435, 437, 439 Scintiscan, 331 Sclera, eye, 422 Scrotum, 396 Scurvy, 76 Sebaceous glands, 207 Sebum, 207 Secretin, 235, 254 Secretion, 41 Semen, 420

480 Index

Semicircular canals, ear, 442 Seminal vesicles, 414 Seminiferous tubules, 399, 400-401

adluminal compartment, 401 basal compartment, 401 basement membrane (boundary layer), 400 sertoli cells, 400-401 spermatogenic cells, 401 spermatogenic epithelium, 400

Seminoma, 401 Sense organs, general, 127 Septa

interatrial, 144 interventricular, 144

Septal cells (type II), alveolar, 282 Septum, nasal, 274 Serosa, 217, 221 Serotonin, 164, 232 Sertoli cells, 318, 400-403 Serum, 157 Shock, 148 Sialic acid, 46 Sickle-cell anemia, 159 Sinus

dural,132 lactiferous, 392 lymph node, 184-186 renal,292 sagittal, superior and inferior, 132 splenic, 188-190

Sinusoids bone marrow, 166 hepatic, 264

Sodium, 306 reabsorption in saliva, 252

Skin, 195 blood vessels and lymphatics, 212 types, 201-204

Somatomammotrophin, 386 Somatomedin, 317, 325 Somatos~atin, 235, 356 Somatotrophin (STH), 317 Space

arachnoid, 132 capsular (urinary), 296 interstitial (extracellular), 120 perisinusoidal (of Disse), 264, 265

Sperm, 379 Spermatic cord, 396 Spermatocytes, 401 Spermatogenesis, 401-407

cell division, 404 chiasmata, 404 spermatids, 404

Spermatogenesis (Cont.)

spermiogenesis, 405, 407, 408 synapsis, 404

Spermatogenic epithelium, 400 Spermatogonia, 401 Spermatozoa, 44, 400, 401-407

structure, 405-407 Sphincter(s)

of bile duct (Boyden), 268 esophagus, 227 ofOddi,268 pupillary, eye, 426 pyloric, 232 urethrae, 420

Sphingomyelinase, 42 Sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease),

42 Spinal cord, 120

connective tissues, 132 gray matter, 116, 130 nerves, see Spinal nerves white matter, 130

Spinal nerves, 114 fibers, 114 ganglia, 114 transfer of stimuli, 114

Spinal puncture, 132 Spleen, 186-191

circulatory pattern, 188 function, 186 neoplasms, 190 parenchyma, 188 red pulp, 188-190 removal, 192 sinuses, 190 stroma, 186 vessels, 186-188 white pulp, 188, 190

Spiral valve (of Heister), 268 Splenic cords (of Billroth), 190 Squamous alveolor cells (type 0, 282 Stains

acidophilic, 5 basophilic, 5 Bielscho'¥sky, 5 cresyl violet, 158 Feulgen's reaction, 5 Giemsa, 166

bone marrow, 166 hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), 5 Mallory's trichrome, 5 Masson's trichrome, 5 methylene blue, 5 Movat's pentachrome, 5 Papanicolaou, 5

Stains (Cont.) periodic acid-schiff reaction, 5

of basal lamina, 56 of hepatocyte, 260

silver impregnation, 5 for basal lamina, 56

toluidine blue, 5 Van Gieson, 5 Weigert's elastic, 5 Wright's, 5, 157, 166

bone marrow, 166 Stapedius muscle, 437 Stapes, 434,435, 437, 440 Stem cells, 454-457 Stereocilia, 44

auditory, 440 epididymal, 411

Steroid hormones, 84, 339-342 Stigma, ovarian follicle, 363 Stomach, 216, 227-234

mucosa, 227-233 muscularis externa, 234 serosa, 234 submucosa, 234

Stratum basale, 196 Stratum corneum, 196 Stratum granulosum, 196 Stratum lucidum, 196 Stratum malpighii, 196 Stress, response to, 318 Stria vascularis, 435, 437, 439 Stroma

adrenal, 338 loose connective tissue, 77 lymph node, 184 lymphoid, 174 mammary gland, 207 muscle as, 102 ovarian, 360 pancreas, 253-254 parathyroid, 332 spleen, 186-188 thyroid, 329

Subcapsular nephron, 304 Sublingual glands, 253 Submandibular glands, 252-253 Submucosa, digestive, 218

esophageal, 226 innervation, 218 small intestine, 240 stomach, 234

Succinate dehydrogenase reaction, myocardial, 108

Suckling, 392 Surfactant, alveolar, 282

Suspensory ligament, eye, 426 Synapse, 116, 117

anoaxonic, 116, 117 axodendritic, 116, 117 axosomatic, 116, 117 catecholaminergic, 116, 117 cholinergic, 116, 117 serotoninergic, 116, 117

Synapsis, 404, 407 Synaptic cleft, 117, 126, 127 Syncytiotrophoblast, 380 Syngamy, 380

T

T3 , 325, 328 T4 , 325, 328 Taste buds, 224, 225 Tear sac, 432 Tectorial membrane, 435, 439, 440 Teeth, 219, 221, 223 Telophase, 50 Tendon, 77 Tenon's capsule, 422 Tensor tympani muscle, 437 Teratoma, 456 Teratocarcinoma, 456, 457 Testes, 396-399

Index 481

control, endocrine and temperature, 408 interstitial cells, 398 parenchyma, 398 seminiferous tubules, 400--401 spermatogenesis, 401-408 stroma, 396-398

Testosterone, 315, 396, 404 Tetany, 336 Tetrad, 404, 407 Theca externa, ovarian follicle, 362, 365 Theca interna, ovarian follicle, 362, 365 Theca lutein cells, 363 Thermoregulation, 204-206, 273, 408 Thoracic duct, 192 Thrombocyte, see Platelet Thrombocytopenia, 164, 172 Thrombosis, venous, 152 Thymosin, 179 Thymus, 179-181

blood supply, 179 cellular immunity, 179 cortex, 179 epithelial reticular cells, 179 involution, 180 medulla, 179-180 Hassalls corpuscles, 179

482 Index

Thymus (Cont.) removal, 179 steroid influence, 180 T lymphocytes, 179 trabeculae of stroma, 179

Thymus-dependent zone, 186 Thyroglobulin, 328 Thyroid gland

development, 326 developmental and metabolic control, 326 disorders, 329-330 follicular cells, 326 parafollicular cells, 329 stroma, 329 structure and functional organization, 326-330

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 318 Thyrotrophin, 318, 386 Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), 324 Thyroxin, 69, 328 Tissue, 4 T lymphocyte, 68,174-177

antigens, 176 in GALT, 182 in lymph nodes, 186 in spleen, 190 in tonsils, 182

Tolerance, drug, 262 Tongue, 219-224

filiform, folate, fungiform, and vallate papillae, 224

taste buds, 224 Tonofibril, epidermis, 196 Tonsils, 173, 182, 224-226

median pharyngeal, 182 Trabeculae

bone, 86, 91 lymph node, 184, 185 spleen, 188, 189 tonsils, 182

Trachea, 273, 276-278 Tract, central nervous system, 130 Translocation, 21 Transplant, skin, 196 Transverse (T) tubules, skeletal muscles, 106-108 Trauma, cranial, 132 Triad, portal, 258, 259 Trophoblast, 380 Tropocollagen, 72 Trypsinogen, 254 TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), 318 T system, cardiac muscle, 110 Tubule, renal

collecting, 294, 308-310 distal convoluted, 294, 303, 304-307 Henle's loop, 294, 300, 308

Tubule (Cont.)

ischemia, 304 necrosis, 304 nutrition, 304 proximal convoluted, 294, 300-302 thin segment, 302-304

Tubulin, 29, 31 Tubuli recti, 410 Tumor, see also Carcinoma

adrenal, 347 breast, 453 colon, 243 ovarian, 362, 365 pancreatic, 355, 356 parotid gland, 451 seminoma, 409 uterine, 103, 388-389

Tunica adventitia, 138, 139, 218 of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152

Tunica albuginea ovarian, 360 penis, 418 testicular, 396

Tunica fibrosa, eye, 422 Tunica interna (retina), 427--431 Tunica intima, 138, 139

of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152

Tunica media, 138, 139 of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152

Tunica vaginalis, 396 Tympanic cavity, 436 Tympanic membrane, 434--436 Tyrosinase, 198

U

Ulcer, gastric, 232 Unit membrane, see Plasmalemma Urate oxidase, 42 Ureter, 310 Urethra

female, 312 male, 311, 418--420

Urethral crest, 411 Urethral glands (of Littre), 414, 416 Urinary system, 291 Urine, 306

final concentration, 308-310 Urine formation, 296-306 Uterotubal junction, 379

Uterus, 359, 370-373 blood vessels, 370 endometrium, 368 menstruation, 370-373 myometrium, 370 pregnancy, 370, 380-382 stroma, 380, 382 structure, 368

Utricle, 442 Uvea, 422, 426 Uveitis, 426

V

Vagina, 61, 373-378 Valve, spiral (of Heister), 258 Valve cusp

aortic, 138, 140 mitral, 138, 140

Valves, cardiac, 138 Varices, esophageal, 226, 229 Vasa recta, 310 Vasa vasora, 146, 152 Vascular pole, renal capsule, 296 Vas deferens, 411 Veins, 152, 153

arcuate, 310 hypophyseal portal, 321, 328 interlobar, 310 portal,258 stellate, 310

Vena cava, 142,310 Venous flow, renal, 310 Ventricular fibrillation, 142 Vestibular gland of Bartholin, 378

Villi, placenta, 382-386 anchoring, 384 definitive, 384 floating, 384 primary, 384 secondary, 384

Villi, small intestine, 234 Vinblastine, 29 Vitamin A, 390 Vitamin C, 76 Vitamin D, 84, 334 Vitreous body, 432 Vocal cords, 276

w

Waldeyer's ring, 182 Wallerian degeneration, 134 Wound healing, 81, 98-99

z

Zinc, 238 Zona basalis, endometrium, 368 Zona fasciculata, 339, 342

Index 483

Zona functionalis, endometrium, 368 Zona glomerulosa, 339 Zona pellucida, 362 Zona reticularis, 342 Zonula adherens, 46, 49

cardiac muscle, 110 Zonula occludens, 4&-47, 49

hepatic, 258 Zygote, 366 Zymogen, 254