Other Individuals

Charles Francis Adams

o Member of the prominent Adams familyo American Minister in London during the Civil War

o kept the Trent Affair from getting out of hand

Susan Brownell Anthony

o Played pivotal role in women’s rights movement to introduce women suffrage into the U.S.o Traveled the U.S. and Europeo Gave 75 to 100 speeches every year on women’s rights for 45 years

Samuel Bland Arnold

o involved in the plot to kidnap Lincolno pardoned in 1869 by Andrew Johnson

George Andreas Atzerodt

o conspirator with John Wilkes Bootho executed by hanging

Clarissa “Clara” Barton

o pioneer American teacher, nurse, and humanitariano “strong and independent spirit”o organized the American Red Cross

Isabella Baumfree

o Sojourner Trutho abolitionisto women’s rights activisto best-known speech, Ain’t I a Woman?

John Bell

o “The Great Apostate”o TN politiciano attorneyo plantation ownero served in both House of Representatives and Senateo 1860 Constitutional Union party candidate

Judah Phillip Benjamin

o politiciano lawyero born a British subject in the West Indieso became a citizen of the U.S.o and then became a citizen of the C.S.A

Francis Preston Blair, Sr.

o journalisto politiciano helped organize the new Republican Partyo influential in securing the 1856 nomination for John C. Fremonto supported the 1860 nomination of Lincolno told his slaves that “they could go if they wished”; all but one left

Francis Preston Blair, Jr.

o politiciano Union Army generalo MO representative in both the House of Representatives and the Senateo Democratic Party’s nominee for VP in 1868

Montgomery Blair

o brother of Francis Preston Blair, Jr.o MD politician and lawyero loyal member of Abraham Lincoln’s cabineto hot-temperedo launched an all-out attack against Republican liberals

John Wilkes Booth

o stage actoro assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C on Apr 14, 1865o planned to kill Pres. Lincoln, VP Andrew Johnson, Secretary of State William Seward to help Confederate causeo tracked and killed by Union soldiers

Sherman Miller Booth

o abolitionist leadero editoro Wisconsin politiciano arrested for violating the Fugitive Slave Act by setting free Joshua Glover, a MO runaway slave, from prisono appealed to the Wisconsin Supreme Court which ruled the 1850 federal law unconstitutional

John Brown

o abolitionisto folk heroo leader of 1856 Pottawatomie Massacre in Bleeding Kansaso raided Harpers Ferry in 1859

John Cabell Breckinridge

o lawyer and politiciano KY Representative and KY Senatoro youngest VP at age 36o 1860 Southern Democrats candidateo CSA general and commandero fifth and final CSA Secretary of War

Anthony Burns

o born a VA slaveo converted to Baptism & became a “slave preacher”o fled from Richmond and was discovered and arrested during Pierce’s administrationo fueled antislavery sentiments all across the North

John Caldwell Calhoun

o “cast-iron man” o7th U.S. VPo leading SC politician o part of the “Great Triumvirate” along with Webster and Calhouno advocate of

o slaveryo secessiono states’ rightso limited governmento nullification

Salmon Portland Chase

o politician o juristo Ohio U.S. Senatoro Ohio Governoro Lincoln’s Secretary of Treasuryo U.S. Chief Justiceo coined the slogan of the Free Soil Party, “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men”o devoted to destroying the Slave Power – conspiracy of slave owners to seize control of the Federal govt. and block the progress of liberty

Jay Cooke

o financiero Ohio lawyero Whig member of Congresso collaborated with Salmon Chase in securing loans from leading bankers in Northern cities during the Civil War

John Jordan Crittenden

o KY statesmano twice served as U.S. Attorney Generalo KY Representative and Senatoro KY’s 17th governoro proposed 1860 Crittenden Compromise

George Davis

o served as CSA Attorney General in Jefferson Davis’s cabineto served in the Confederate Senate

Jefferson Finis Davis

o CSA Presidento Pierce’s Secretary of Waro MS Senator

o argued against secession buto believed each state was sovereign and had the right to secede from the Union

o charged with treason but not tried after the waro imprisoned at Fort Monroe in VA for two years

Henry Clay

o “The Great Compromiser”o “The Great Pacifier”o statesmano oratoro KY Representative and KY Senatoro 1825 – 1829 Secretary of Stateo founder and leader of Whig Partyo part of the “Great Triumvirate” along with Webster and Calhoun

Varina Howell Davis

o author of Jefferson Davis, A Memoiro CSA’s First Ladyo Jefferson Davis’s second wife

Dorothea Lynde Dix

o activist on behalf of the indigent insane o created the first generation of mental asylums o Civil War Superintendent of Army Nurses

Frederick Douglas

o “Sage of Anacostia”o abolitionisto women’s suffragisto editoro oratoro authoro statesmano reformer

Stephen Arnold Douglas

o “Little Giant”o Illinois politician o 1860 Northern Democrat’s nomineeo largely responsible for Compromise of 1850o creator of Kansas-Nebraska Acto supported Dred Scott Supreme Court decisiono believed in democracyo rallied his supporters to the Union when the Civil War broke out

Sarah Emma Edmonds

o Canadian borno served with the Union Army disguised as a man named “Franklin Flint Thomas” o first served as a male field nurseo participated in several campaigns under McClellano became a Union spyo granted a pension after the war

John Ericsson

o American-Swedish born inventor and mechanical engineero designer of the U.S.S. Monitor

George Fitzhugh

o VA lawyero author of two books and numerous articles advocating slavery o social theoristo published racial and slavery-based sociological theories in the antebellum era

John Charles Fremont

o “The Great Pathfinder”o military officero explorero first candidate of the Republican Party

William Lloyd Garrison

o abolitionisto journalisto social reformero editor of The Liberatoro one of the founders of the American Anti- Slavery Societyo prominent voice for the women’s suffrage movement

Horace Greely

o editor of New York Tribuneo Liberal Republican Party’s candidate in 1872 election (Grant’s opponent)

Angelina Emily Grimke

o politiciano lawyero abolitionisto suffragisto An Appeal to the Christian Women of the Southo Letters to Catharine Beecher

Sarah Moore Grimke

o abolitionisto writero suffragist

Hannibal Hamlin

o Lincoln’s first VP o Governor of Maineo served in the House of Representatives and Senate

Hinton Rowan Helper

o Southern U.S. critic of slaveryo The Impending Crisis of the South

o argued that slavery hurt non-slaveholder

Thomas Holliday Hicks

o MD politiciano MD governor at the outbreak of Civil Waro MD Senatoro opposed abolitionistso supported slave-ownerso sided with the Union

Robert M.T. Hunter

o statesmano member of U.S. House of Representatives o served as the youngest Speaker of the Senateo CSA Secretary of State (1861- 1862)o member of Confederate Senate (1862- 1865); at times, a caustic critic of the Davis administrationo was pictured on the Confed. ten dollar bill

James Henry Lane

o Senatoro Union general and partisano leader of “Jayhawkers” abolitionist movement in KSo Indiana Congressman (1853 – 1855) o elected as KS Senator twiceo was the real target of the Lawrence Massacre but escaped

Elijah Parish Lovejoy

o Presbyterian ministero journalisto newspaper editoro murdered by Illinois mob for his abolitionist viewso hailed as a martyr by abolitionists

Hugh McCulloch

o statesmano served two non-consecutive terms as U.S. Treasury Secretary, serving under three presidents

Dr. Samuel Mudd

o physiciano convicted and imprisoned for aiding and conspiring with John Wilkes Booth in 1865 o pardoned by Andrew Johnson o released from prison four years later

Theodore Parker

o Transcendentalist o reforming minister of the Unitarian churcho abolitionisto words and quotes influenced Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Wendell Phillips

o abolitionisto Native American advocateo orator

Allan Pinkerton

o Scottish-American detective and spyo created the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, the first detective agency in U.So solved a series of train robberies in the 1850so foiled an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, MD, while guarding Lincoln on his way to the inauguration

Gabriel Prosser

o literate enslaved blacksmitho planned and led a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in 1800o he and 26 people were hanged

George Wythe Randolph

o lawyero CSA Secretary of Waro Thomas Jefferson’s grandson

Mary Jane Safford

o school-teachero prominent nurse to TN

o treated the sick and injured at Fort Donelsono accompanied Grant’s army during the Battle of Shiloh

James Alexander Seddon

o lawyer o politician o served two terms in Congress for Democratic Partyo CSA Secretary of War

William Henry Seward

o NY Governoro NY Senatoro Lincoln’s and Johnson’s Secretary of Stateo dominant figure in the Republican Partyo played a role in preventing foreign intervention in the waro during Johnson administration, he engineered the purchase of Alaska from Russia which was ridiculed as “Seward’s Folly”

Edwin McMasters Stanton

o lawyer o politiciano U.S. Attorney General (1860 -61)o U.S. Secretary of War though most of the Civil War and Reconstruction

Alexander H. Stephens

o Georgian politiciano CSA VP

Thaddeus Stevens

o Republican leadero witty, sarcastic speakero Stevens and Charles Sumners were prime leaders of the Radical Republican s during the Civil Waro only member of the House of Representatives to have been known as the ‘dictator’ of Congress

Harriet Beecher Stowe

o abolitionisto author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Charles Sumner

o MA politiciano statesmano leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate during the Civil War and Reconstructiono severely beaten by Preston Brooks in 1856

Roger Brooke Taney

o 11th U.S. Attorney Generalo 5th Chief Justice o delivered the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford

Susie King Taylor

o first African American to teach openly in a school for former slaves in Georgiao only African American woman to publish a memoir of her wartime experienceso first black army nurse

George Alfred Trenholm

o prominent politician in CSAo appointed Confed. Secretary of Treasuryo 1853 head of major cotton broker, John Fraser & Co.

o became the CSA’s overseas bankero financed its own fleet of blockade runners

Harriet Tubman

o abolitionisto humanitariano Union spyo helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferryo active in women’s suffrage movemento made 13 Underground Railroad missions to rescue over 70 slaves

Nathaniel Turner

o slave who led a slave rebellion in VA that resulted in 60 deathso convicted, sentenced, and executed

Clement Laird Vallandigham

o Ohio unionist of the Copperhead faction

Elizabeth Van Lew

o aided prisoners in escape attemptso worked on behalf of the Uniono operated a spy ringo first person to raise the U.S. flag in Richmond

Benjamin Franklin Wade

o lawyero Senatoro associated with Radical Republicanso witnessed the defeat of the Union Army at the First Battle of Bull Runo highly critical of Lincoln and Johnsono created the Wade-Davis bill

David Walker

o American black abolitionisto David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World

o called on African people to resist slavery and racism

Leroy Walker

o first CSA Secretary of Waro issued the orders for the firing of Ft. Sumtero served briefly as CSA brigadier general

Mary Edwards Walker

o feministo abolitionisto prohibitionisto alleged spy o prisoner of waro surgeono the only woman to receive the Medal of Honor

Thomas Hill Watts

o Democratic Governor of Alabamao attorney general in Davis’ cabinet

Daniel Webster

o attorneyo statesmano oratoro “Great Triumvirate” alone with Calhoun and Clayo tried three times to achieve presidencyo Secretary of State

Theodore Dwight Weld

o active in abolition movemento writero editoro speakero organizero American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses

David Wilmot

o sponsor of Wilmot Provisoo Democrat, Free-Soiler, and a Republican

Henry Wirz

o Confederate officer tried and executed for conspiracy and murder relating to his command at Camp Sumter, the Confederate prisoner of war camp in Andersonville, Georgia

William Lowndes Yancey

o journalisto politiciano oratoro diplomato leader of the Southern secession movemento a Fire-Eatero appointed by Jefferson Davis to head a diplomatic delegation to Europe in the attempt to secure formal recognition of Southern independence