Other histories of CALL, the 40s and the 50s
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History of CALL: Other histories of CALL The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and Memex The 50s: Preparing the ground Rocío Bolado September 30, 2008
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An account of the technological breakthroughs that influenced what we now know as CALL
Transcript of Other histories of CALL, the 40s and the 50s
History of CALL:Other histories of CALL The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and MemexThe 50s: Preparing the ground
Rocío BoladoSeptember 30, 2008
Other histories of CALL
Two categories1. Properly
researched, objective historical accounts.
2. Interpretative; more subjective conclusions about advances and trends in the field.
Other histories of CALL
Kurshid Ahmad et al.(1985) – category 1; early history of the field.
John R. Russell (1995) – category 1; history of CALL in North America.
Warschauer (LLT Journal, Hawaii) – category 2; evolution of CALL, three trends
Mike Levy (2000) – category 1; review of 40 years in the field
Other histories of CALL
History of CALL series of phases led by technological considerations
linguists
never –really– in control
The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and Memex
1st demonstration of communication data at distance (NY – Hannover) – January, 1940
“Memoranding regarding Memex” published by Bush – March, 1941
The 40s: The war years- Vannevar Bush and Memex
The bases of the computer are established, “First draft of a report on the EDVAC” by Von Neumann – June 1945
Construction of the Mark 1 –first main-frame computer by Max Newman – 1948; Great Britain
“A Top US scientist foresees a possible future in which man-made machines will start to think” by Bush – November 1945
The 50s: Preparing the ground The magnetic band of the BINAC –
1950
Development of SAGE, military network
Development of UNIVAC (fast printer) – 1951
IBM 650, first computer sold on large scale – 1954
SABRE, commercial network and database by IBM – 1955
RAMAC 305, first magnetic disk by IBM – 1956
FORTRAN, 1st universal computer language – 1957
The 50s: Preparing the ground ARPA, development for the
Internet and processing standard, USA – 1958
First integrated circuit by J. Kilby – 1958
Introduction of the notions of interactivity, interface and the mouse by Douglas Engelbart at the SRI – 1958-1962
LISP, 1st language for AI by John McCarthy, MIT – 1959
Alleged appearance of the first CALL program – 1959
