OT SURVEY Israel’s Kingdom: Coronation to Captivity (6...

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OT SURVEY

Israel’s Kingdom: Coronation to Captivity (6 Part Series) (1 Samuel – 2 Chronicles) Part 2 - Saul: The Rejected King

BOOK GRAPHIC

ARTWORK BY KATE FALLAHEE BOOK STRUCTURE: 1 SAMUEL 4-7

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OUTLINE: 1 SAMUEL 4:1-10 A. Israel defeated by Philistines at Battle of Aphek, 4:1–10

1. Israel in camp of war – Without the Ark (1 Samuel 4:1) i. Battle with the Philistine (1 Samuel 4:1)

a) First battle – Loss (1 Samuel 4:2) 2. Israel in camp of war – With the Ark (1 Samuel 4:3–5)

i. Battle with Philistines (1 Samuel 4:6–9) a) Second battle – Loss (1 Samuel 4:10-11)

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE

1 Samuel 4:1-11

1 Samuel 4:3 And when the people had come into the

camp, the elders of Israel said, “Why has the LORD defeated

us today before the Philistines? Let us bring the ark of the covenant of the

LORD from Shiloh to us, that when it comes among us it

may save us from the hand of our enemies.”

Fear of Defeat (in war)

Presumption & Misplaced trust

Ark had become an

idol

Jeremiah 7:3–12 1 Sa 4:10-11 So the Philistines fought, and Israel was defeated, and every man fled to his tent. There was a very great slaughter, and there fell of Israel thirty thousand foot soldiers. Also the ark of God was captured; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, died.

They had been disobeying God and not seeking Him, thus judgment followed.

Je 7:3–12 | 3 Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: “Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place. 4 Do not trust in these lying words, saying, ‘The temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD are these.’ 5 “For if you thoroughly amend your ways and your doings, if you thoroughly execute judgment between a man and his neighbor, 6 if you do not oppress the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, and do not shed innocent blood in this place, or walk after other gods to your hurt, 7 then I will cause you to dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your fathers forever and ever. 8 “Behold, you trust in lying words that cannot profit. 9 Will you steal, murder, commit adultery, swear falsely, burn incense to Baal, and walk after other gods whom you do not know, 10 and then come and stand before Me in this house which is called by My name, and say, ‘We are delivered to do all these abominations’? 11 Has this house, which is called by My name, become a den of thieves in your eyes? Behold, I, even I, have seen it,” says the LORD. 12 “But go now to My place which was in Shiloh, where I set My name at the first, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of My people Israel.

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OUTLINE: 1 SAMUEL 4:11-22 B. Ark taken and Eli’s house destroyed (1 Samuel 4:11–22)

1. Ark taken by Philistines (1 Samuel 4:11) ii. The Report (1 Samuel 4:12) iii. Eli’s Response (1 Samuel 4:13-18)

a) Fear & Concern of Eli (1 Samuel 4:13-14) b) Prophecy of Eli (1Sa 4:15-17 || 1Sa 2:29-36 || Sign: 1Sa 2:34 c) Death of Eli (1 Samuel 4:18) d) Death of Eli’s Daughter-in-Law / Phineas’ Wife (1Sa 4:19-22)

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 4:11–22

1 Sa 4:13 (NKJV) | 13 Now when he came, there

was Eli, sitting on a seat by the wayside watching, for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city and

told it, all the city cried out.

Fear that something may happen to the Ark.

Fear of the Unknown

Fear of impending

judgment

Hypocritical (Two sons)

Pr 16:5 | 5 Everyone proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD; Though they join forces, none will go unpunished. 1 Sa 4:18 Then it happened, when he made mention of the ark of God, that Eli fell off the seat backward by the side of the gate; and his neck was broken and he died, for the man was old and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years.

Eli had not been fearing God and this was judgment for his sins.

1 Sa 3:13 | 13 For I have told him that I will judge his house forever for the iniquity which he knows, because his sons made themselves vile, and he did not restrain them.

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 4:11–22

1 Sa 4:20 (NKJV) | 20 And about the time of her death

the women who stood by her said to her, “Do not fear, for you have borne a son.” But she did not answer, nor did

she regard it.

Fear of Loss

No joy or hope in a child being born.

2 Co 7:10 | 10 For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted; but the sorrow of the world produces death.

Judgment & the loss can overwhelm, especially, if one has not been living an obedient life.

1 Sa 4:21–22 (NKJV) | 21 Then she named the child Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel!” because the ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her

husband. 22 And she said, “The glory has departed from Israel, for the ark of God has been captured.”

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OUTLINE: 1 SAMUEL 5-6

C. Yahweh fights Dagon in Philistia, 1 Samuel 5-6

1. Captivity by the Philistines (Ashdod, Gath, Ekron) (1 Samuel 5) i. 1 Samuel 6:1. Duration. Seven months ii. 1 Samuel 6:2–16. Removal to Beth-shemesh iii. 1 Samuel 6:17-18. LORDS of Philistines

2. Return of the Ark by the Philistines (1 Samuel 6:1-7:2) i. 1 Samuel 6:19-20. Judgment at Beth-shemesh ii. 1 Samuel 6:21–7:2. Captivity of Ark ended.

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel

5:1–12 1 Sa 5:1–2 (NKJV) | 1 Then the Philistines took the ark of God and brought it from Ebenezer to Ashdod. 2 When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon and set it by Dagon.

No Fear of God

Idolatry

Ps 97:7 | 7 Let all be put to shame who serve carved images, Who boast of idols. Worship Him, all you gods. 1 Sa 5:3-12 – Dagon, People – 7 Months

God defends Himself.

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 6:19-21

1 Sa 6:19 (NKJV) | 19 Then He struck the men of Beth Shemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the LORD. He struck fifty thousand and seventy men of the people, and the people lamented because the LORD had struck the people with a great slaughter.

No Fear of God

Irreverence

Le 10:3 | 3 And Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the LORD spoke, saying: ‘By those who come near Me I must be regarded as holy; And before all the people I must be glorified.’ ” So Aaron held his peace. 1 Sa 6:19 50,070 Died

God defends Himself.

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D. The Revival as a Result of Fearing God (1 Samuel 7)

A. Repentance (7:1–6) B. Restoration and Recovery (7:7–17) C. Return to Worldly Thinking – King (1 Samuel 8)

• PROPHESIED: Dt 17:14–15 (NKJV) | 14 “When you come to the land which the LORD your God is giving you, and possess it and dwell in it, and say, ‘I will set a king over me like all the nations that are around me,’ 15 you shall surely set a king over you whom the LORD your God chooses; one from among your brethren you shall set as king over you; you may not set a foreigner over you, who is not your brother.

CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE

1 Samuel 7-8 1 Sa 8:19–20 (NKJV) | 19 Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, “No, but we will have a king over us, 20 that we also may be like all the nations, and that our king may judge us and go out before us and fight our battles.”

Fear that we are not like the others

Insecurity

Ro 12:2 | 2 And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.

This would eventually result in a divided kingdom.

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I. SAUL – THE INITIAL CALL [YEAR 1] A. Saul searches for his father’s lost donkeys • 1 Sa 9:1–4 B. Saul decides to see Samuel • 1 Sa 9:5–10 C. Saul meets Samuel • 1 Sa 9:11–14, 17–25 D. God tells Samuel to anoint Saul • 1 Sa 9:15–16

• SOVEREIGNTY: 1 Sa 9:15–17 (NKJV) | 15 Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear the day before Saul came, saying, 16 “Tomorrow about this time I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin, and you shall anoint him commander over My people Israel, that he may save My people from the hand of the Philistines; for I have looked upon My people, because their cry has come to Me.” 17 So when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said to him, “There he is, the man of whom I spoke to you. This one shall reign over My people.”


9:21 1 Sa 9:21 (NKJV) | 21 And Saul answered and said, “Am I not a Benjamite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel, and my family the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? Why then do you speak like this to me?”

Humility mixed with Fear

Saw himself as

small and insignificant

Pr 25:6 | 6 Do not exalt yourself in the presence of the king, And do not stand in the place of the great;

Saul begins to be lifted up by God

1 Sa 15:17 So Samuel said, “When you were little in your own eyes, were you not head of the tribes of Israel? And did not the LORD anoint you king over Israel?

E. Samuel anoints Saul as king [PRIVATE] • 1 Sa 9:26–10:9 • HOLY SPIRIT: 1 Sa 10:6 (NKJV) | 6 Then the Spirit of the LORD will come

upon you, and you will prophesy with them and be turned into another man. • 1 Sa 10:11–12 (NKJV) | 11 And it happened, when all who knew him formerly

saw that he indeed prophesied among the prophets, that the people said to one another, “What is this that has come upon the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?” 12 Then a man from there answered and said, “But who is their father?” Therefore it became a proverb: “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

F. Saul prophesies at Gibeah • 1 Sa 10:10–12

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G. Saul talks with his uncle • 1 Sa 10:13–16


1 Sa 10:16 | 16 So Saul said to his uncle, “He told us plainly that the donkeys had been found.” But about the matter of the kingdom, he did not tell him what Samuel had said.

Hesitation to share all the details

Pr 29:11 | 11 A fool vents all his feelings, But a wise man holds them back.

H. Samuel proclaims Saul as king [PUBLIC] • 1 Sa 10:17–25 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 10:17-25

1 Sa 10:22 | 22 Therefore they inquired of the LORD further, “Has the man come here yet?” And the LORD answered, “There he is, hidden among the equipment.”

Fear of God’s Calling

Jos 1:9 | 9 Have I not commanded you? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”

I. Saul returns home as king • 1 Sa 10:26–27 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 10:26-27

1 Sa 10:27 | 27 But some rebels said, “How can this man save us?” So they despised him, and brought him no presents. But he held his peace.

Hesitation to rebuke

Pr 11:12 | 12 He who is devoid of wisdom despises his neighbor, But a man of understanding holds his peace.

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II. SAUL – THE CALL TO WAR • Nahash [SNAKE] besieges Jabesh-gilead • 1 Sa 11:1–3 • Saul decides to fight for Jabesh-gilead • 1 Sa 11:4–7

• COURAGE: 1 Sa 11:6–7 (NKJV) | 6 Then the Spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard this news, and his anger was greatly aroused. 7 So he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the territory of Israel by the hands of messengers, saying, “Whoever does not go out with Saul and Samuel to battle, so it shall be done to his oxen.” And the fear of the LORD fell on the people, and they came out with one consent.

• Saul gathers an army to fight the Ammonites • 1 Sa 11:8 • Messengers return to Jabesh-gilead • 1 Sa 11:9–10 • Saul defeats the Ammonites • 1 Sa 11:11

• COURAGE: 1 Sa 11:12–13 (NKJV) | 12 Then the people said to Samuel, “Who is he who said, ‘Shall Saul reign over us?’ Bring the men, that we may put them to death.” 13 But Saul said, “Not a man shall be put to death this day, for today the LORD has accomplished salvation in Israel.”

• Saul is confirmed as king • 1 Sa 11:12–15

III. SAMUEL’S EXHORTATION

A. Samuel gives a farewell address • 1 Sa 12:1–25 • RIGHT KIND OF FEAR: 1 Sa 12:23–25 (NKJV) | 23 Moreover, as for me, far

be it from me that I should sin against the LORD in ceasing to pray for you; but I will teach you the good and the right way. 24 Only fear the LORD, and serve Him in truth with all your heart; for consider what great things He has done for you. 25 But if you still do wickedly, you shall be swept away, both you and your king.”

IV. SAUL’S FALL [YEAR 2]

A. Saul gathers an army and provokes the Philistines • 1 Sa 13:1-7 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel

13:1-7 1 Sa 13:6–7 | 6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in danger (for the people were distressed), then the people hid in caves, in thickets, in rocks, in holes, and in pits. 7 And some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was still in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.

Fear of danger (life and limb)

Led to some

hiding, others following

reluctantly, fear inspires fear.

Forgot… Dt 28:7 | 7 “The LORD will cause your enemies who rise against you to be defeated before your face; they shall come out against you one way and flee before you seven ways.

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B. Saul makes an unlawful sacrifice • 1 Sa 13:4, 8–14


1 Sa 13:11–12 | 11 And Samuel said, “What have you done?” Saul said, “When I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that you did not come within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered together at Michmash, 12 then I said, ‘The Philistines will now come down on me at Gilgal, and I have not made supplication to the LORD.’ Therefore I felt compelled, and offered a burnt offering.”

Fear of Abandonment,

Rejection, Failure

Impatience leads to Disobedience

“taking matters into your own

hands:”

Ps 46:1–2 | 1 God is our refuge and strength, A very present help in trouble. 2 Therefore we will not fear, Even though the earth be removed, And though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea;

SAUL: King & Prophet. Sinfully entering into the Priesthood.

1 Sa 13:13–14 | 13 And Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly. You have not kept the commandment of the LORD your God, which He commanded you. For now the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel forever. 14 But now your kingdom shall not continue. The

LORD has sought for Himself a man after His own heart, and the LORD has commanded him to be commander over His people, because you have not kept what the LORD commanded you.”

C. The Philistines camp at Michmash • 1 Sa 13:5–7 D. Saul and the Philistines prepare to fight • 1 Sa 13:15–18, 22–23 E. The Philistines monopolize iron production • 1 Sa 13:19–21


1 Sa 13:22 | 22 So it came about, on the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan. But they were found with Saul and Jonathan his son.

Fear of man leads to protecting self,

rather than protecting others.

Have every advantage…

Php 2:4 | 4 Let each of you look out not only for his own interests, but also for the interests of others.

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F. Jonathan attacks a Philistine garrison • 1 Sa 14:1–15 G. Saul defeats the Philistines at Michmash • 1 Sa 14:16–23

• COURAGE: 1 Sa 14:18 (NKJV) | 18 And Saul said to Ahijah, “Bring the ark of God here” (for at that time the ark of God was with the children of Israel).


14:24 1 Sa 14:24 | 24 And the men of Israel were distressed that day, for Saul had placed the people under oath, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food until evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the people tasted food.

Fear of loss & fear of cursing and

death

Unwise oath and burden

Pr 18:7 | 7 A fool’s mouth is his destruction, And his lips are the snare of his soul. Pr 20:25 | 25 It is a snare for a man to devote rashly something as holy, And afterward to reconsider his vows.

1 Sa 14:31–33 (NKJV) | 31 Now they had driven back the Philistines that day from

Michmash to Aijalon. So the people were very faint. 32 And the people rushed on the spoil, and took sheep, oxen, and calves, and slaughtered them on the ground; and the people ate them with the blood. 33 Then they told Saul, saying, “Look, the people are sinning against the LORD by eating with the blood!” So he said, “You have dealt treacherously; roll a large

stone to me this day.”

H. Jonathan breaks Saul’s vow • 1 Sa 14:24–31 I. The Israelites eat blood and Saul builds an altar • 1 Sa 14:32–35 J. Jonathan is discovered and spared • 1 Sa 14:36–46

V. CHANGE TAKING PLACE IN SAUL: LEADERSHIP DYSFUNCTION


• Consulting the priest Ahijah (14:18)

• Commanding the troops to keep a religious fast (14:24)

• Providing for “kosher” butchering (14:34)

• Building an altar to God (14:35)

• Praying to God by the lot (Urim & Thummim) (14:36–42)

Fear of man cloaks/covers a

person with external religiosity

Pr 16:2 | 2 All the ways of a man are pure in his own eyes, But the LORD weighs the spirits. 2 Ti 3:5 | 5 having a form of godliness but denying its power. And from such people turn away!

1 Sa 14:37 (NKJV) | 37 So Saul asked counsel of God, “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will You deliver them into the hand of Israel?” But He [GOD] did not

answer him that day.

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1 Sa 14:42–44 | 42 Saul said, “Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.” And Jonathan was taken. 43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, “Tell me what you have done.” So Jonathan told him and said, “I indeed tasted a little honey with the end of the staff that was in my hand. Here I am, I must die!” 44 Saul said, “May God do this to me and more also, for you shall surely die, Jonathan.”

Fear of man causes one to blame

others.

Those in authority will sometimes respond with

excessive consequences

Ps 37:8 | 8 Cease from anger and forsake wrath; Do not fret; it leads only to evildoing.

1 Sa 14:45 But the people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great deliverance in Israel? Certainly not! As the LORD lives, not one hair of his head shall fall to

the ground, for he has worked with God this day.”

So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.

SAMUEL’S WARNING: • 1 Sa 8:11 | 11 He said, “This will be the procedure of the king who will reign over you: he

will take your sons and place them for himself in his chariots and among his horsemen and they will run before his chariots.)

• FULFILLMENT: 1 Sa 14:52 (NKJV) | 52 Now there was fierce war with the Philistines all the days of Saul. And when Saul saw any strong man or any valiant man, he took him for himself.

VI. SAUL’S GREAT ACT OF DISOBEDIENCE

A. Samuel tells Saul to destroy Amalek • 1 Sa 15:1–3 • 1 Sa 15:1–9 (NKJV) | 1 Samuel also said to Saul, “The LORD sent me to anoint you

king over His people, over Israel. Now therefore, heed the voice of the words of the LORD. 2 Thus says the LORD of hosts: ‘I will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he ambushed him on the way when he came up from Egypt. 3 Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and do not spare them. But kill both man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’ ” 4 So Saul gathered the people together and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand foot soldiers and ten thousand men of Judah. 5 And Saul came to a city of Amalek, and lay in wait in the valley. 6 Then Saul said to the Kenites, “Go, depart, get down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them. For you showed kindness to all the children of Israel when they came up out of Egypt.” So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. 7 And Saul attacked the Amalekites, from Havilah all the way to Shur, which is east of Egypt. 8 He also took Agag king of the Amalekites alive, and utterly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. 9

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But Saul and the people spared Agag and the best of the sheep, the oxen, the fatlings, the lambs, and all that was good, and were unwilling to utterly destroy them. But everything despised and worthless, that they utterly destroyed.

B. Saul gathers an army in Telaim • 1 Sa 15:4 C. Saul spares the Kenites • 1 Sa 15:5–6 D. Saul defeats the Amalekites • 1 Sa 15:7–9 E. God tells Samuel he regrets making Saul king • 1 Sa 15:10–11

• GOD’S & SAMUEL’S GRIEF: 1 Sa 15:10–11 (NKJV) | 10 Now the word of the LORD came to Samuel, saying, 11 “I greatly regret that I have set up Saul as king, for he has turned back from following Me, and has not performed My commandments.” And it grieved Samuel, and he cried out to the LORD all night.

F. Saul sets up a monument for himself • 1 Sa 15:12 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel

15:12 1 Sa 15:12 So when Samuel rose early in the morning to meet Saul, it was told Samuel, saying, “Saul went to Carmel, and indeed, he set up a monument for himself; and he has gone on around, passed by, and gone down to Gilgal.”

Fear of man leads to false pride

Pr 8:13 | 13 “The fear of the LORD is to hate evil; Pride and arrogance and the evil way And the perverted mouth, I hate.

G. Samuel rebukes Saul • 1 Sa 15:13–31 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel 15:13-31

1 Sa 15:24 Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned, for I have transgressed the commandment of the LORD and your words, because I feared the people and obeyed their voice. 1 Sa 15:30 Then he said, “I have sinned; yet honor me now, please, before the elders of my people and before Israel, and return with me, that I may worship the LORD your God.” 1 Sa 15:35 And Samuel went no more to see Saul until the day of his death. Nevertheless Samuel mourned for Saul, and the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.

Fear of man leads to listening to man rather than listening to God

Fear of man leads to honoring men rather than honoring God

Fear of man corrupts/ruins relationships

Pr 29:25 The fear of man brings a snare, But he who trusts in the LORD will be exalted.

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H. Samuel kills Agag • 1 Sa 15:32–33 I. Samuel returns to Ramah • 1 Sa 15:34–35

VII. RISE OF THE NEW KING

A. Samuel anoints David • 1 Sa 16:1–13 • GOD: 1 Sa 16:7 (NKJV) | 7 But the LORD said to Samuel, “Do not look at his

appearance or at his physical stature, because I have refused him. For the LORD does not see as man sees; for man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart.”


1 Sa 16:13–14 Then Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the midst of his brothers; and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel arose and went to Ramah. 14 But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and a distressing spirit [spirit of fear and anxiety] from the LORD troubled [terrorized] him.

Fear of man results in sin and judgment

Pr 1:29–32 | 29 Because they hated knowledge And did not choose the fear of the LORD. 30 “They would not accept my counsel, They spurned all my reproof. 31 “So they shall eat of the fruit of their own way And be satiated with their own devices. 32 “For the waywardness of the naive will kill them, And the complacency of fools will destroy them. Pr 10:24 | 24 What the wicked fears will come upon him, But the desire of the righteous will be granted.

B. David enters Saul’s service • 1 Sa 16:14–23 C. Goliath defies the Israelites • 1 Sa 17:1–11, 19


17:11 1 Sa 17:11 (NKJV) | 11 When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid. • Note: Saul was taller than

all other Jews, now his enemy is taller than all others including himself. (1 Samuel 9:2)

Fear of man focuses on the

physical

Ps 27:1 | 1 The LORD is my light and my salvation; Whom shall I fear? The LORD is the strength of my life; Of whom shall I be afraid?

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D. Jesse tells David to take provisions to his brothers • 1 Sa 17:17–18


17:11 1 Sa 17:11 (NKJV) | 11 When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid. • Note: Saul was taller than

all other Jews, now his enemy is taller than all others including himself. (1 Samuel 9:2)

Fear of man focuses on the

physical

Ps 27:1 | 1 The LORD is my light and my salvation; Whom shall I fear? The LORD is the strength of my life; Of whom shall I be afraid?


17:33 1 Sa 17:33 And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.”

Fear of man lacks faith in God

Ps 11:1 | 1 In the LORD I put my trust; How can you say to my soul, “Flee as a bird to your mountain”?

• FEARLESS / DAVID’S EXPERIENCE & TRUST IN GOD: 1 Sa 17:36 (NKJV) | 36

Your servant has killed both lion and bear; and this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, seeing he has defied the armies of the living God.”

• 1 Sa 17:43 (NKJV) | 43 So the Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.

• 1 Sa 17:45 (NKJV) | 45 Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword, with a spear, and with a javelin. But I come to you in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.

• 1 Sa 17:46 (NKJV) | 46 This day the LORD will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you and take your head from you. And this day I will give the carcasses of the camp of the Philistines to the birds of the air and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.

E. David accepts Goliath’s challenge • 1 Sa 17:20–30 F. David convinces Saul to allow him to fight Goliath • 1 Sa 17:31–39 G. David defeats Goliath • 1 Sa 17:40–51 H. The Israelites chase and plunder the Philistines • 1 Sa 17:52–53 I. David takes Goliath’s head • 1 Sa 17:54, 57–58 J. Saul asks Abner who David is • 1 Sa 17:55–56 K. David and Jonathan become friends • 1 Sa 18:1–4 L. Jonathan covenants with David • 1 Sa 18:3; 20:1–23 M. Saul makes David commander of a thousand • 1 Sa 18:5, 12–16

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N. Saul becomes jealous of David • 1 Sa 18:6–9 CONTEXT PASSAGE FEAR PRINCIPLE 1 Samuel

18:8-9 1 Sa 18:8–9 Then Saul was very angry, and the saying displeased him; and he said, “They have ascribed to David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed only thousands. Now what more can he have but the kingdom?” 9 So Saul eyed [look with suspicion] David from that day forward. 1 Sa 18:12 (NKJV) | 12 Now Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, but had departed from Saul. 1 Sa 18:15 (NKJV) | 15 Therefore, when Saul saw that he behaved very wisely, he was afraid of him.

Fear of man results in jealousy and

paranoia

Pr 13:10 | 10 By pride comes nothing but strife, But with the well-advised is wisdom. Mk 7:20–23 | 20 And He said, “What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. 21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, 22 thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile a man.”

O. Saul attacks David with a spear • 1 Sa 18:10–11

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P. Saul attempts to give Merab to David • 1 Sa 18:17–19


18:8-9 1 Sa 18:17 (NKJV) | 17 Then Saul said to David, “Here is my older daughter Merab; I will give her to you as a wife. Only be valiant for me, and fight the LORD’s battles.” For Saul thought, “Let my hand not be against him, but let the hand of the Philistines be against him.” NOTE: David would commit this sin himself with Uriah, Bathsheba’s husband. 1 Sa 18:21 (NKJV) | 21 So Saul said, “I will give her to him, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” Therefore Saul said to David a second time, “You shall be my son-in-law today.” 1 Sa 18:25 (NKJV) | 25 Then Saul said, “Thus you shall say to David: ‘The king does not desire any dowry but one hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to take vengeance on the king’s enemies.’ ” But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. 1 Sa 18:27 (NKJV) | 27 therefore David arose and went, he and his men, and killed two hundred men of the Philistines. And David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full count to the king, that he might becom e the king’s son-in-law. Then Saul gave him Michal his daughter as a wife.

Fear of man results in

scheming for the demise of

others

Pr 6:16–19 | 16 There are six things which the LORD hates, Yes, seven which are an abomination to Him: 17 Haughty eyes, a lying tongue, And hands that shed innocent blood, 18 A heart that devises wicked plans, Feet that run rapidly to evil, 19 A false witness who utters lies, And one who spreads strife among brothers.

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1 Sa 18:28–29 (NKJV) | 28 Thus Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David, and that Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved him; 29 and Saul was still more afraid of David. So Saul became David’s enemy continually.

Fear of man results in increasing fear

and loneliness

Pr 24:8–9 | 8 One who plans to do evil, Men will call a schemer. 9 The devising of folly is sin, And the scoffer is an abomination to men.

Q. David marries Michal • 1 Sa 18:20–29 R. David strikes the Philistines • 1 Sa 18:30; 19:8 S. Saul says he will not kill David • 1 Sa 19:1–7


19 1 Sa 19:1 (NKJV) | 1 Now Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David; but Jonathan, Saul’s son, delighted greatly in David. NOTE: 1 Sa 19:1 (NKJV) | 1 Now Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David; but Jonathan, Saul’s son, delighted greatly in David. 1 Sa 19:11 (NKJV) | 11 Saul also sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and to kill him in the morning. And Michal, David’s wife, told him, saying, “If you do not save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.”

Fear of man results in murderous

schemes

Ex 20:13 | 13 “You shall not murder.

T. Saul attacks David a second time • 1 Sa 19:9–10 U. David runs away from Saul • 1 Sa 19:11–17 V. Saul prophesies at Ramah • 1 Sa 19:18–24

• NOTE: God stops the murderous plot - 1 Sa 19:24 (NKJV) | 24 And he also stripped off his clothes and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay

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down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

W. becomes angry at the new moon festival • 1 Sa 20:24–34


20 1 Sa 20:30 Then Saul’s anger was aroused against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness? 1 Sa 20:33 (NKJV) | 33 Then Saul cast a spear at him to kill him, by which Jonathan knew that it was determined by his father to kill David.

Fear of man results in condemning

others, even family

Pr 25:28 Whoever has no rule over his own spirit Is like a city broken down, without walls.

X. Jonathan tells David to flee Saul • 1 Sa 20:35–42 Y. David takes the consecrated bread • 1 Sa 21:1–9 Z. David flees to Gath • 1 Sa 21:10–15


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(DAVID)

1 Sa 21:13 So he changed his behavior before them, pretended madness in their hands, scratched on the doors of the gate, and let his saliva fall down on his beard. See Psalm 34 & Psalm 56

Fear of man results lying (faked craziness)

Pr 17:7 | 7 Excellent speech is not fitting for a fool, Much less are lying lips to a prince.

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VIII. SAUL’S SIN INTENSIFIES A. David gathers people at the Cave of Adullam • 1 Sa 22:1–2

§ Others in fear gather around David B. David takes refuge in Moab • 1 Sa 22:3–5 C. Saul kills the priests of Nob • 1 Sa 22:6–18


22 1 Sa 22:6–8 When Saul heard that David and the men who were with him had been discovered—now Saul was staying in Gibeah under a tamarisk tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants standing about him—7 then Saul said to his servants who stood about him, “Hear now, you Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds? 8 All of you have conspired against me, and there is no one who reveals to me that my son has made a covenant with the son of Jesse; and there is not one of you who is sorry for me or reveals to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as it is this day.”

Fear of man holds a “pity party”

Jas 3:16 | 16 For where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and every evil thing are there.

D. Doeg destroys Nob by Saul’s Command • 1 Sa 22:19


22 1 Sa 22:18 And the king said to Doeg, “You turn and kill the priests!” So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck the priests, and killed on that day eighty-five men who wore a linen ephod. NOTE: Family was under the God’s judgment of Eli (1 Samuel 2:31)

Fear of man associates with the

godless

Ps 1:1 | 1 How blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, Nor stand in the path of sinners, Nor sit in the seat of scoffers!

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E. Abiathar escapes to join David • 1 Sa 22:20–23 F. David saves Keilah • 1 Sa 23:1–5 G. David leaves Keilah • 1 Sa 23:7–14


23 1 Sa 23:7–8 And Saul was told that David had gone to Keilah. So Saul said, “God has delivered him into my hand, for he has shut himself in by entering a town that has gates and bars.” 8 Then Saul called all the people together for war, to go down to Keilah to besiege David and his men.

Fear of man invokes knowing

“God will” when it aligns with worldly

desires

Jas 3:13–18 | 13 Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by good conduct that his works are done in the meekness of wisdom. 14 But if you have bitter envy and self-seeking in your hearts, do not boast and lie against the truth. 15 This wisdom does not descend from above, but is earthly, sensual, demonic. 16 For where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and every evil thing are there. 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy. 18 Now the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.


24 1 Sa 23:10 Then David said, “O LORD God of Israel, Your servant has certainly heard that Saul seeks to come to Keilah to destroy the city for my sake. NOTE: This city would give David up to save their lives (1 Samuel 23:12)

Fear of man willing to kill

innocents

Pr 28:15 | 15 Like a roaring lion and a charging bear Is a wicked ruler over poor people.


23 1 Sa 23:14 And David stayed in strongholds in the wilderness, and remained in the mountains in the Wilderness of Ziph. Saul sought him every day, but God did not deliver him into his hand.

Fear of man results in obsession

Pr 4:16 | 16 For they do not sleep unless they have done evil; And their sleep is taken away unless they make someone fall.

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H. Jonathan meets David at Horesh • 1 Sa 23:15–18 I. The Ziphites offer to surrender David to Saul (2x) • 1 Sa 23:19–24 (1 Samuel 26:1)


23 1 Sa 23:20 Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of your soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king’s hand.”

Fear of man results in unholy alliances

Pr 1:10–14 | 10 My son, if sinners entice you, Do not consent. 11 If they say, “Come with us, Let us lie in wait for blood, Let us ambush the innocent without cause; 12 Let us swallow them alive like Sheol, Even whole, as those who go down to the pit; 13 We will find all kinds of precious wealth, We will fill our houses with spoil; 14 Throw in your lot with us, We shall all have one purse,”

J. David escapes from Saul in the wilderness of Maon • 1 Sa 23:24–28


23 1 Sa 23:27 But a messenger came to Saul, saying, “Hurry and come, for the Philistines have invaded the land!”

Fear of man results in neglecting your

responsibilities

Pr 26:10 | 10 Like an archer who wounds everyone, So is he who hires a fool or who hires those who pass by.

K. David spares Saul’s life • 1 Sa 23:29–24:22

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24 1 Sa 24:20 And now I know indeed that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand. 2X - 1 Sa 26:21 Then Saul said, “I have sinned. Return, my son David. For I will harm you no more, because my life was precious in your eyes this day. Indeed I have played the fool and erred exceedingly.”

A fearful man will be humbled

Pr 11:2 | 2 When pride comes, then comes dishonor, But with the humble is wisdom.

L. Samuel dies • 1 Sa 25:1 M. Nabal rejects David’s request • 1 Sa 25:1–13 N. Abigail convinces David not to attack Nabal • 1 Sa 25:14–35 O. Nabal dies • 1 Sa 25:36–38


25 1 Sa 25:21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain I have protected all that this fellow has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that belongs to him. And he has repaid me evil for good. 1 Sa 25:37–38 So it was, in the morning, when the wine had gone from Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became like a stone. 38 Then it happened, after about ten days, that the LORD struck Nabal, and he died.

A man who does not fear God lacks

compassion

Pr 28:27 | 27 He who gives to the poor will not lack, But he who hides his eyes will have many curses.

P. David marries Abigail • 1 Sa 25:39–42 Q. David marries Ahinoam • 1 Sa 25:43 R. Saul gives David’s wife Michal to Palti • 1 Sa 25:44 S. The Ziphites offer to surrender David to Saul a second time • 1 Sa 26:1–2

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26 1 Sa 26:2 Then Saul arose and went down to the Wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the Wilderness of Ziph.

A man who does not fear God does

not keep his vows/promises

Jas 5:12 | 12 But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath. But let your “Yes” be “Yes,” and your “No,” “No,” lest you fall into judgment.

T. David spares Saul’s life a second time • 1 Sa 26:3–12 U. Saul realizes that David spared his life • 1 Sa 26:13–25 V. David flees to Gath a second time • 1 Sa 27:1–4 W. David moves to Ziklag • 1 Sa 27:5–7 X. David conducts raids from Ziklag • 1 Sa 27:8–12 Y. David becomes Achish’s bodyguard • 1 Sa 28:1–2, 4 Z. The Israelites gather at Gilboa • 1 Sa 28:4

IX. THE DEMISE OF SAUL A. Saul consults a medium at Endor • 1 Sa 28:5–25


28 1 Sa 28:5–7 When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly. 6 And when Saul inquired of the LORD, the LORD did not answer him, either by dreams or by Urim or by the prophets. 7 Then Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, that I may go to her and inquire of her.” And his servants said to him, “In fact, there is a woman who is a medium at En Dor.”

A man who does not fear God

seeks the occult

Dt 18:10–14 | 10 There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, or one who practices witchcraft, or a soothsayer, or one who interprets omens, or a sorcerer, 11 or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead. 12 For all who do these things are an abomination to the LORD, and because of these abominations the LORD your God drives them out from before you. 13 You shall be blameless before the LORD your God. 14 For these nations which you will dispossess listened to soothsayers and diviners; but as for you, the LORD your God has not appointed such for you.

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28 Heb 9 27 Immediately Saul fell full length on the ground, and was dreadfully afraid because of the words of Samuel. And there was no strength in him, for he had eaten no food all day or all night.

A man who does not fear God will

be hopeless facing

impending judgment and

death

Heb 9:27 | 27 And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment,

B. David is rejected by the leaders of the Philistines • 1 Sa 29:1–11 C. The Amalekites raid Ziklag • 1 Sa 30:1–6


30 1 Sa 30:6 Now David was greatly distressed, for the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and his daughters. But David strengthened himself in the LORD his God.

A man who properly fears the Lord seeks

the Lord

2 Co 4:8–10 | 8 We are hard-pressed on every side, yet not crushed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; 9 persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed—10 always carrying about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life of Jesus also may be manifested in our body.

D. David leaves 200 men at the Besor • 1 Sa 30:7–10 E. David finds an Egyptian • 1 Sa 30:11–15 F. David defeats the Amalekites • 1 Sa 30:16–20 G. David divides spoil with the men at the Besor • 1 Sa 30:21–25 H. David sends spoil to the elders of Judah • 1 Sa 30:26–31 I. Saul and his sons die in battle • 1 Sa 31:1–7

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31 1 Sa 31:4 (NKJV) | 4 Then Saul said to his armorbearer, “Draw your sword, and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised men come and thrust me through and abuse me.” But his armorbearer would not, for he was greatly afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword and fell on it. 1 Sa 31:5 (NKJV) | 5 And when his armorbearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword, and died with him. Judas, Abimelech

Fear of man can lead to pride and suicide

Ps 73:6 | 6 Therefore pride serves as their necklace; Violence covers them like a garment.

J. The Philistines take Saul’s body to Beth-shan • 1 Sa 31:8–10


31 1 Sa 31:9–10 (NKJV) | 9 And they cut off his head and stripped off his armor, and sent word throughout the land of the Philistines, to proclaim it in the temple of their idols and among the people. 10 Then they put his armor in the temple of the Ashtoreths, and they fastened his body to the wall of Beth Shan.

Fear of man can result in disgrace

after the grave

1 Ti 5:24 | 24 The sins of some men are quite evident, going before them to judgment; for others, their sins follow after.

K. The men of Jabesh-gilead bury Saul • 1 Sa 31:11–13

• FEARLESS / OTHERS MAY FOLLOW TO CLEAN UP YOUR DISGRACE:

i. 1 Sa 31:11–13 (NKJV) | 11 Now when the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the valiant men arose and traveled all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth Shan; and they came to Jabesh and burned them there. 13 Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

ii. 2 Sa 1:17–27 (NKJV) | 17 Then David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son, 18 and he told them to teach the children of Judah the Song of the Bow; indeed it is written in the Book of Jasher: 19 “The beauty of Israel is slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen! 20 Tell it not in Gath, Proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon— Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, Lest the

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daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. 21 “O mountains of Gilboa, Let there be no dew nor rain upon you, Nor fields of offerings. For the shield of the mighty is cast away there! The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil. 22 From the blood of the slain, From the fat of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan did not turn back, And the sword of Saul did not return empty. 23 “Saul and Jonathan were beloved and pleasant in their lives, And in their death they were not divided; They were swifter than eagles, They were stronger than lions. 24 “O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, Who clothed you in scarlet, with luxury; Who put ornaments of gold on your apparel. 25 “How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan was slain in your high places. 26 I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan; You have been very pleasant to me; Your love to me was wonderful, Surpassing the love of women. 27 “How the mighty have fallen, And the weapons of war perished!”

SUMMARY OF SAUL’S LIFE

1 Ch 10:13–14 (NKJV) | 13 So Saul died for his unfaithfulness which he had committed against the LORD, because he did not keep the word of the LORD, and also because he consulted a medium for guidance. 14 But he did not inquire of the LORD; therefore He killed him, and turned the kingdom over to David the son of Jesse. NOTE: 1 Sa 2:6 | 6 “The LORD kills and makes alive; He brings down to Sheol and raises up. Dt 32:39 | 39 ‘See now that I, I am He, And there is no god besides Me; It is I who put to death and give life. I have wounded and it is I who heal, And there is no one who can deliver from My hand.

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HOW TO AVOID A FEAR-OF-MAN LIFE?

Faith in Christ

Ac 16:31 | 31 They said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.”

Fear (Revere) and trust in the Lord Pr 3:5 | 5 Trust in the LORD with all your heart And do not lean on your own understanding. Forsake and Confess Sin

1 Jn 1:9 | 9 If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

Feed on His Word through teaching, preaching, and studying

2 Ti 4:2 | 2 preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great patience and instruction.

Follow Christ and His Commands in Holiness

1 Pe 1:14–16 | 14 As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts which were yours in your ignorance, 15 but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all your behavior; 16 because it is written, “YOU SHALL BE HOLY, FOR I AM HOLY.”

Fellowship with Believers

Php 2:1–4 | 1 Therefore if there is any encouragement in Christ, if there is any consolation of love, if there is any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affection and compassion, 2 make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose. 3 Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit, but with humility of mind regard one another as more important than yourselves; 4 do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others.

HOMEWORK #1 Review the Notes #2 Read 1 Samuel 4-31 #3 Create Your Own Chapter Titles. Summarize each chapter in 10 words or less. #4 Examine your life and see if there is any fear of man you can bring before the Lord.

OT SURVEY Israel’s Kingdom: Coronation to Captivity (6...

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