Caryn M. Masterson, MS, OTR/L

cmasterson@foxcollege.edu

708-444-4500 x. 6105

OT 111 Anatomy & Physiology Lab Week One Mader Ch. 1; Biel p. 54-62

Anatomical Terms of Direction and Planes of Section

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Te1BP6Zl7lM

Anatomical Directional Terminology

Whole Class Video Review

• Dr. Barbara Kornblau Discusses the 5 Ways Occupational Therapists Treat Pain

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSzS_e2b6nY

• OT vs Patient - Do You Have Any Pain?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJI8q_FvvPM

Regional Terminology

PRACTICE

• 3 to 4 Students walk to the front of the room individually and describe a past pain or injury.

• Whole class writes down description of pain on pads of paper

• “OTA” volunteer comes to the front of the room and describes pain in anatomical terminology (also note if patient is proportioned and symmetrical and think about how this may impact pain).

• Break up into small groups and repeat task

• Group spokesperson gives synopsis of pain including a brief description of patient (ie. Sex, age, occupations)

Body Cavities

Body Quadrants Video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJRzwVZ9OUI

Body Regions

Essentials of Movement

• Static: Deals with the aspects of nonmoving (or virtually nonmoving) systems.

• It comes into play when we align your skeleton and design your postural muscles.

• Dynamic: applies to aspects of moving systems. Focuses on moving body. Changes shape relatively quickly and how forces affect it.

Essentials of Movement

• Kinetics: studies forces such as gravity, friction and pressure) that act on the body to generate or alter motion.

• Kinematics: involves the analysis of movement in terms of mechanical elements such as time and space.

Mobility, Stability, Balance, Coordination

• Mobility: The ability to move

• Stability: The ability to firmly fixed or supported.

• Balance: The even distribution of weight enabling the person to remain upright and steady.

• Coordination: The organization of different body systems (nerves, joints, muscles) or, elements that allows freedom of movement.

• Movement Patterns: Organized rhythms of motion (articular, myofascial, and neural chains).

Proportioned: Corresponding in size to something else. Symmetrical: Comprised of exactly the similar patterns facing each other

Virtruvian Man: Leonardo Da Vinci

Anatomical Terms of Movement

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YcNAPzDxDg

Body Movement

• https://quizlet.com/13038786/body-movements-flash-cards/

• https://quizlet.com/91483141/body-movements-flash-cards/

Human anatomy allows for lots of movement. You use certain anatomical terms to describe how the parts of the body move. Think of a hinge — it opens and closes; it bends and straightens. Many parts of the body can move in this fashion:

• Flexion: This movement is the bending of a part, or

decreasing the angle between two parts. You flex your elbow when you bring your forearm up toward your upper arm, and you flex your spine when you bend your body forward.

• Extension: The opposite of flexion is extension, the straightening of a part, or increasing the angle between two parts. You extend your elbow when you move your forearm away from your arm to straighten your elbow, and you extend your back when you move from being in a flexed position back upright.

Moving the body isn’t always as simple as flexion and extension. Some parts of the body move away and come closer:

• Abduction: Moving away from the midline. Think of a body in the

anatomical position and imagine raising the upper extremities out to the sides — that’s abduction. The fingers and toes are a little different because the hand and foot have their own midlines, so when you spread your fingers and toes you’re abducting them (moving them away from the middle finger, or the third digit).

• Adduction: Moving toward the midline. Bringing the abducted upper extremities back down to the sides of the body is adduction. Drawing your fingers (or toes) close together is also adduction.

• Protraction: Moving a body part forward, like jutting your chin or sticking out your tongue.

• Retraction: Pulling backward, like retracting your chin back into its normal position.

One common body movement is turning, as in a circle. Here’s a look at some ways body parts can move in a circular fashion:

• Circumduction: Moving in a circular motion, like doing arm circles, is circumduction. It involves combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction all into one movement.

• Medial rotation: This movement is turning a body part around its long axis, with the anterior surface moving toward the midline, like when you turn your whole lower extremity so that your foot points inward. (Anterior means closer to the front of the body.)

• Lateral rotation: You laterally rotate when you move a body part around its long axis with the anterior surface moving away from the midline, like turning your whole lower extremity so your foot points out toward the side.

• Pronation: (arm) Pronation is medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly (toward the rear). (of the arm) the rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward or backward. (foot) the lowering of the medial edge of the foot by turning it outward and through abduction in the tarsal and metatarsal joints.

• Supination: This movement is lateral rotation of the forearm so the palm in the previous example faces anteriorly.

Sometimes you need to raise a body part up or lower it back down again, and of course clinical anatomy uses specific terms for those movements. The foot even has a couple of movements all its own.

• Elevation: You elevate when you move a part superiorly (closer to the

top of the head), like shrugging your shoulders.

• Depression: Moving a part inferiorly (closer to the feet), like moving those raised shoulders back down again, is depression.

• Inversion: This foot-specific action is moving the foot so the sole (bottom of the foot) faces inward.

• Eversion: This term means moving your foot so the sole faces outward.

• Dorsiflexion: Elevating the foot, or moving the foot until the toes point upward, is dorsiflexion.

• Plantarflexion: This term is a specific kind of depression where you tilt the foot until the toes

Practice

START

Student volunteers to come to front of class and point to identified Areas of body identified by instructor within 10 seconds before timer ends

PRACTICE

Early Appendicitis Gallstones Pancreatitis ACL tear Groin Pain Inflammatory Bowel Bulging Disc in Neck Indigestion Epigastric Hernia Biliary Colic Kidney Stones Elbow Fracture Sprained Finger Urine Infection Lumbar Hernia

Diverticular Disease Heartburn Acute Appendicitis Gynecological Pelvic Pain Migraine Stomach Ulcers Inguinal Hernia Urine Infection Constipation Umbilical Hernia Rotator Cuff Injury Plantar Fasciitis Sprained Ankle Tailbone Fracture

Break up into groups and decide as a team the most accurate way to describe the pain of the following conditions using anatomical terminology including body Directional terms, cavities, quadrants, and regions and/or with what body movement that might cause the pain to increase.

Body Movement Quiz

Individual Students Practical Tests • Using simple case scenarios presented by instructor(s), students

will individually be requested to demonstrate acquisition of knowledge of anatomical and medical terminology by verbally describing along with pointing to or palpating areas of the body to indicate locations of:

• 1. Anatomical Direction

• 2. Body Cavities

• 3. Anatomical Region

• 4. Anatomical Quadrants

• 5. Terms of Movement

References

• https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/ba/54/e2/ba54e2140c0d3501a477f875412be557.jpg