OSUE Master Gardeners Mahoning County Class of … Master Gardeners Mahoning County Class of 2017...
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Entomology OSUE Master Gardeners Mahoning County Class of 2017 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Bill Snyder April 4, 2017
Transcript of OSUE Master Gardeners Mahoning County Class of … Master Gardeners Mahoning County Class of 2017...
EntomologyOSUEMasterGardeners
MahoningCountyClassof2017
OHIOSTATEUNIVERSITYEXTENSION
BillSnyderApril4,2017
AlthoughthemanualchapterisenKtled“EntomologyandPestManagement,”itintroducesmanynon-insectorganismsinasomewhatconfusingfashion.
Entomology:ThestudyofInsects
WewillbrieflylookatMollusksandthanmoveontoArthropods.
MGNote:
Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
Mollusca
Kingdom:Animalia
Snail Slug
ExternalShell InternalShell
Phylum:Mollusca Class:Cephalopoda(squidandoctopus) Class:Gastropoda(snailsandslugs)
Wewillgetthenon-insectsoutofthewayquicklyandconcentrateonEntomology.
Entomology:ThestudyofInsects
Arthropodology:ThestudyofArthropods
Anarthropodisaninvertebrateanimalhavinganexoskeleton,asegmentedbody,andjointedappendages.
ArthropodsaremembersofthePhylumArthropoda(fromGreekmeaning"jointedfeet"),andincludetheinsects,arachnids,crustaceans,andothers.
Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals) SubPhylum:Crustacea
AquaKc:Lobster,CrabandShrimp Class:Malacostraca
Lobster
Crab
Shrimp
Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals) SubPhylum:Crustacea
AquaKc:Lobster,CrabandShrimp Class:Malacostraca
Terrestrial:PillbugandSowbug
Pillbug Sowbug
SevenPairsofLegs
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:Chilopoda(cenKpedes)Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
fastmovingonepairoflegspersegment
willbite,butnotconsidereddangerousconsumeinsects
preferdampcondiKons
Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
slowmoving twopairsoflegspersegment
willnotbiteconsumefungi
preferdampcondiKons
Class:Diplopoda(millipedes)
rollintoaballfordefense
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
Order:Opiliones(Daddy-Longlegs) Order:Acari(Mites) Order:Araneae(Spiders)
Order:Pseudoscorpiones(Pseudoscorpions)
Bodiesdividedinto2regions4pairofwalkinglegs
SimpleeyeswhenpresentNoantennae
Nowings
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
Order:Opiliones(Daddy-Longlegs) Order:Pseudoscorpiones(Pseudoscorpions)
Pseudoscorpion Daddy-longlegs
Pedipalp
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
Order:Acari(Mites)
Mitescanbecarnivorous(feedingoninsectsandothermites),herbivorous(feedingonplantmaterial),saprophyDc(feedingondeadorganicmaber)orparasiDc(feedingonthebloodofahost).
Thetwo-spobedspidermiteabacksnearlyallgreenhouseplantsaswellasoutdoorflowersandmanyvegetablesandfruits.
Eriophyidmitesareplantparasitesthatpenetrateplantcellsandsuckupthecellularcontents.ThisfeedingcausesplantstodeformtheirKssueformingGalls.Gallsarespecificresponsestoplantparasitefeeding.
EriophyidMiteGalls
SpindleGall:MapleandLinden MapleBladderGall
ParasiKcMitesincludeTicksandChiggers
NewlyHatchedyoung,calledalarva,haveonlythreepairsoflegs.
DeerTick LymeDisease(bacterial/Dckvector)
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
Order:Araneae(Spiders)
Bodiesdividedinto2regions4pairofwalkinglegs
Simpleeyes-odenmulKpleNoantennae
Nowings
Pedipalp
WolfSpider
Cephalothorax
Abdomen
Here’slookingatyou
PoisonousSpidersinOhio
BrownRecluseSpider
PoisonousSpidersinOhio
BlackWidowSpider
CoolSpidersintoourPPDC(plantandpestdiagnosKcclinic)
BothareOrbWeaverSpiders
PhylaoftheAnimalKingdom(Insectsareaverysuccessfulgroup)
Whyareinsectsso
successful?
InsectPower
FruitFly(Drosophilamelanogaster)–UnderidealcondiKons,canproduce25generaDonsayear.
EachgeneraKon,thefemalewilllayupto100eggs,halfdevelopingintomalesandhalfintofemales.
SupposewestartwithapairoffliesandallowthemtoincreaseunderidealcondiKons,withnochecksonincrease,forasingleyear
ThirdGeneraKon(5000)
119,200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000flies
FirstGeneraKon(2)
SecondGeneraKon(100) …
Attheendoftheyear:Twenty-fidhGeneraKonwillcontain
IfthismanyflieswerepackedKghtlytogether,1000toacubicinch...
...theywouldformalargeballofflies.
1,000FruitFlies
119,200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000flies
7,926milesindiameter
Earth
SizeoftheFruitFlyBall?
110Kmes
Earthis7,926milesindiameter
865,000milesindiameter(110DmesthediameteroftheEarth)
Sun
110Kmes
Sunis865,000milesindiameter
96,000,000milesindiameter(110DmesthediameteroftheSun)
(theapproximatedistancebetweentheearthandthesun)
FruitflyBall
InsectDiverseEnvironmentsAdapKngtonumeroushabitats
TropicsRainforests
SubtropicsDeserts
Stenocarabeetle
<0.4inchrain/year
NamibDesert
InsectDiverseEnvironmentsAdapKngtonumeroushabitats
TropicsRainforests
SubtropicsDeserts
TemperateRegionsOldgrowthforests
TundraMountainsAquaKc
Freshwater,stagnantandbrackish
Ofthenearly100,000insectspeciesintheUnitedStates,onlyabout600speciesareconsideredpests.
0.6%areconsideredpests
99.4%arenotharmfulorareevenbeneficial.
Insects:FunFacts
Insects:FunFactsInsectsarethoughttohavebeenheremorethan300millionyears.
Atanymomentthereare10quinKllioninsectsonearth.
1.5millionspecieshavebeennamed.1.5-3millionmorespeciesyettobediscoveredandnamed.10millionspeciesmayexist.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000
Insects:TheDownSide20%ofallcropsareeatenbyinsectsTradiKonaldiseasescarriedbyinsects(insectsasvectors):
BubonicPlague(flea/bacterial)Typhus(louse/bacterial)YellowFever(mosquito/viral)Malaria(mosquito/protozoan)
TodayintheU.S.ZikaVirus,WestNileVirus,EasternEquineEncephaliKs(Virus)andHeartworm(parasiKcroundworm)(allmosquitoes)PlantDestrucKon:DutchElmDisease(ElmBarkBeetle(vectorfungi)),GypsyMoth,EmeraldAshBorerandAsianLong-hornedBeetle
InsectBenefitsProducts:
Dyes,NaturalMedicines,Oils,Waxes,SilkandHoney
PollinaKon(EuropeanHoneyBee)BiologicalControls:
Parasites(WaspsandFlies)
TomatoHornworm PupaefromBraconidWasp
2011CanfieldFairMasterGardenerDisplay
TomatoHornworm TomatoHornworm&BraconidWaspPupae
Queasy Alert!
hbps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs
TomatoCutworm
(Z)-3-Hexenol
NeighboringPlantsdetectabsorb
andconvert
ToxictoCutworms
InsectBenefits(conKnued)
Decomposers
Foodformanyorganisms
BiologicalControls:Parasites(WaspsandFlies)Predators(TrueBugs,Beetles,Flies,GreenLacewings, PrayingManKs,etc.)
Convergent lady beetle eating aphids
Adults can eat as many as 50 aphids a day
Kingdom:Animalia
Class:HexapodaorInsecta(Insects)Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)
MostadultinsectshavethefollowingcharacterisKcs:
Abodydividedintothreeparts(head,thoraxandabdomen)
Threepairsoflegs
Usuallyonepairofantennaeandapairofcompoundeyes (afewexcepKonstothesecharacterisKcsarefound)
Usuallytwopairsofwings (absentinmanyinsectssuchaslice,fleasandwinglessants;flieshaveonepairofwings)
