Ostia Summer 2012 1. Description; Life: birth, childhood, women
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Transcript of Ostia Summer 2012 1. Description; Life: birth, childhood, women
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Ostia:Life in a Roman Port
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Portus: Commerce in a Roman Port
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Significance
• First stop for imports to Rome• Major examples of brick-faced concrete
construction• “Quintessential” example of 2nd century
domestic architecture (Pompeii - 1st century)• Range of social classes• Relatively good preservation
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The Importance of OstiaVideo
American Institute for Roman Culture
Conservation for the future: Ostia Antica - Rinaldi
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Statues awaiting transport to a lime kiln, almost suffering the fate of much of Ostia
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Agenda - Today
• Why study Ostia and Portus• Overview of the city and port• People of Ostia and Portus– Who are they (brief)– Birth and childhood – Marriage– Women at work
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Tentative Agenda
Week 2 Work, the economy, public buildingsWeek 3 Home and entertainmentWeek 4 Religion - death
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Vocabulary
Prosopography πρόσωπον (face)Matrimony materApotropaic ἀποτρόπαιος (averting evil)Horrea - warehouse
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Where
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Ostia and Portus
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Archaeological Area ~2001
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Claudian Harbor - Lighthouse
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Claudian Harbor - Mole
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Port of Trajan
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Port of Trajan
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“Imperial Palace”
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Imperial Palace – Computer Reconstruction
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Portus - Darsena
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Entering Portus Harbor
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Excavating the mole
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Port of Claudius – Based on Excavations
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Trajan’s Basin – Google Earth
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Portus - Lighthouse
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Lighthouse site 2007
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Portus Shipyard – Trajan’s harbor
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Sea Going Vessel
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Fishing Vessel
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Mapping Portus
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Portus – Amphitheatre?
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Portus - Amphitheatre
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Portus – Late Antique
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Port at Ostia
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Population of the Late Ostians
• Based on names on inscriptions– 94 (28 per cent) out of the 341 dedicatees,
whose status can be securely identified, are freeborn.
– 166 (29 per cent) of the 568 cognomins are Latin names without any apparent 'servile' connotation.
– 56% of builders have Greek names– 26-30% of members of collegia were Greek
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Residents from the Empire and beyond
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Weighted annual average δ18O of precipitation in Italy
Finding out where they are from
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Isotope variation
Molars
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Age, gender, diet
• The higher the nitrogen the higher the amount of marine foods in the diet OR
• The higher the amount of meat in the diet
• Females eat more vegetables OR
• Females eat less fish
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Childbirth (Science Museum London)
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Childbirth (Museum, Ostia)
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Childbirth (Roman plaque)
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Nursing
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Weaning
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Protecting Children (Apotropaic amulets)
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Bulla
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Sport
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A Boy Grows Up
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Toys or votives?
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Board games
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Roman School (Trier)
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Grafitto
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Slat
e, F
oro
della
Sta
tua
Eroi
ca
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Inscription published by Carlo Ludovico Visconti
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Children in religious rituals
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Marriage cum manu
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Marriage Requirement
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Marriage Age
Legal• Girls 12• Boys 14Practice• Late teens for females• Late 20s for males
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Figures for Roman Empire
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Divorce – Roman Style
• Initiated by either party• Return of dowry if initiated by husband• Partial retention if:– Initiated by wife– Children– Adultery by wife
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Ideals of Marriage
• Faithful to one man• Obedient• Eternal
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Working woman: Septimia Stratonice, shoemaker
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Nonia Pelagia, baker (along w. her husband)
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Food sales
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Barmaid
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Sales - Vegetables
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Other female occupations
• Doctor• Gladiator (based on an inscription)• Prostitute• Lead pipe producers or suppliers– (Iulia Aquilina)– Faltonia Proba w. husband, Clodius Alfinus– Anicia Italica w. husband, Valerius Faltonius
Adelfius
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Female doctor and/or pharmacist - Gaul
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Faltonia AniciaFistula stamps
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Notable Women
• Mothers of collegia (Matres collegiorum)– Claudia Arria, Iunia Zosime: dendrophorum (cult of
the Great Mother – branch bearers)– Domitia Civitas: cannophorum (cult of the Great
Mother – reed bearers)– Macia Menophile: fabrum navalium (shipbuilders)
• Patroness– Iscantia Prima: hastoforum Ostiensium (lance
bearers)
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Endymion Sarcophagus
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ANINIA HILARA / CL * ARRIAE MARI / INCONPARABILE / FECIT VIXIT * / ANN * L * MEN / * X.
Claudia Arria