Oso de Las Cavernas Cueva de La Pasada
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oso de las cavernas Ursus spelaeus, de una cueva de Cantabria
Transcript of Oso de Las Cavernas Cueva de La Pasada
5/13/2018 Oso de Las Cavernas Cueva de La Pasada - slidepdf.com
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Lj` k Eksif`ak Jrba|bu (.)
(.) Ek|blsk|`ek lbf `au|`|r|i Ka|ia`i Gkehkli lb Uis`k
BU\RL@I _KFBIA\IFIM@EI LB FIU SBU\ IU
LB IUI LB FKU EKZBSAKU (Rsuru upbfkbru)
LB FK ERBZK LB FK _KUKLK (MRS@B^I& EKA\KCS@K)
SBURGBA
URGGKSP
Fiu sbu|iu lb Rsuru upbfkbru hkffkliu ba fk erbzk
lb Fk _kuklk ba kcs`f lb ;0=: ba Mrs`b~i (Eka|kcs`k)
uia uigb|`liu k bu|rl`i! Lbf kakf`u u lb fiu sbu|iu pk'
fbia|if:m`eiu& lb ur eigpkske`:a eia fiu lk|iu ic'
\hb sbgk`au ij ¤Rsuru upbfkbru´ jiral `a |hb ekzb
ij ¤Fk_kuklk´ `a Mrs`b~i (Eka|kcs`k) `a Kps f ij ;0=:&
hkzb cbba |kdba ralbs u|rl! \hb eiaefru`iau ic|k '
abl jsig |hb pkfbia|ifim kakfu`u kal |hb eisa'
U@\RKE@IA MBIMSKJ@EKP KEEBUI
Ferbzk ub baerba|sk ba fk fklbsk UB
lb Fk _bj`k lb Uka Niub ba bf gke`~i
lb Fiu Niss`iu& ba b;ckss`i lb Ffk'
mrai& lbf |bsg`ai gra`e`pkf lb Mrs`b~i (Eka'
|kcs`k) (Ji|i a# 5<)!
Fku eiislbaklku R!\!G! lb rc`eke`:a
uia X> :53:=2 P>0:::;? ^><:? g!u!a!g! ic'
|ba`lku lb fk hink A¿ <? lbf Ek|ku|si lb Z`~'
ekzk B> ;>;?!???!
Bf keebui kf ke`g`ba|i ub sbkf`~k pks|`ba'
li lbf ckss`i lb Ffkmrai kuebal`bali hku'
|k Uk;lbkss`ck! K pks|`s lb k{rj u`mr`bali
rak p`u|k {rb cislbk k Fk _bj`k lb Uka Niub
ub kfeka~k eia jke`f`lkl fk ekgpk lb Fk
_kuklk lialb k gbl`k fklbsk ub u`|rk fk
ba|sklk!
|ba`liu pis i|siu `azbu|`mklisbu ba ke`g`ba|iu eia
sbu|iu lb rsu`liu& ub hkeba raku eiau`lbske`iabu ui'
csb fk f`g |ke`:a mbimsG`ek lb bu|k jisgk ksek`ek
lb ur hkc`|k|!
pks uiau sbkf`~bl }`|h i|hbs `azbu|`mk|isu eiaebsabl
}`|h ¤rsuru´ m`zb ru k gisb psbe`ub `lbk kcir| |hb
mbimskph`ekf u`|rk|`ia ij |h`u kae`ba| upbe`bu kal
|hb`s rurkf ak|rskf pfkeb kal eial`| iau ij msi}|h!
Ji|i 5<> _kaisksa `ek lb fk _bak Uka Niub |igklk lbulb bf
_bk! Fk N`bssk!
H@U\IS@K LBF LBUERCS@G@BA\I
B;hkffk~mi lb bu|iu sbu|iu jrb sbkf`'
~kli lb rak gkabsk jis|r`|k pis bf
M!B! BU_KS\Kerkali bu|rl`kck bf
gke`~i dksu|`ei lb Fiu Niss iu lrska|b bfkak
;0=:!
Fku bxpfiske`iabu k fku ekz`lklbu lb bu|b
gke`~i& rc`eklku ba fk psiz`ae`k lb Eks`|k'cs`k& ub sbkf`~kcka eia kr|is`~ke`:a lbf Gr'
ubi _sbh`u|:s`ei Ks{rbi;:m`ei lb Uka|ka'
lbs& kf {rb ub eigra`e: bf lbuercs`g`ba|i&
baz`kali bu|b k fiu pkfbia|ifi{iu lbf e`|kli
grubi liak Eksif`ak Jrba|bu lia Gkarbf
Gb`n`lb!
Fk bxekzke :a lbf ke`g`ba|i ub sbkf ~: ba'
|sb fiu l`ku ;8 kf 38 lb kmiu|i lb ;0==& ckni
fk l`sbee`:a lb fiu e`|kliu pkfbia|ifi{iu fkeifkciske`:a lb G`mrbf Kambf Eka|bsi (M!B!
Bupks|k)!
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ERBZK LB FK _KUKLK
25'M
Mrs`b~i'Eka|kcs`k
M! B! Bupks|k
iA¿ 3?> _fkai erbzk lb fk _kuklk!
LBUES@_E@IA MBIGISJIFIM@EK
Fk ba|sklk ba jisgk lb buekspb lb'<
g|u! lk keebui k bu|k ekz`lkl {rberba|k eia ra lbukssiffi lb 332g|u!
p ra lbua`zbf gkx`gi lb ';3g|u!
Bu|rl`i _kfbia|if:m ei
Rsu`lkb> Rsuru upbfkbru!
Bfgk|bs`kf bu|rl`kli pbs|babbb kf Grubi
lb _sbh u|is`k pKs{rbifim k lb fkL`pr|ke`ia
lb Uka|kalbs p ub babrba|sk bxprbu|i kf pr'
Fku mkfbs`ku bu|ka kc`bs|ku k jkzis lb liu
jkg`f`ku lb l`kbfkuku lb l`sbbe iabu psbjbsba'
|bu AB'UIp fk is|imiakf k fk ka|bs`is!
Ba bu|k bkz`lkl pilbgiu icubszks fku |`'
p`bku ubbb iabu mskz`|kb iakfbu p lb eianr'
mke`ia lbf pfkai his`~ia|kf eia l`kbfkuk
zbs|`ekf {rb nra|i k ur bigpf`eklk |ipimsk'
j`k& pbub k uru sblrb`lku l`gbau`iabu& aiu
hkbb `a|r`s ra is`mba jsbk|`ei!
Kpksbbba sbu|iu mskz`efku|`biu k fk ba|sk'lk p kf j`akf lb fk mkfb s`k ps`ae`pkf!
Bf urbfi ub psbuba|k sbbrc`bs|i lb f`gi lb
gku lb 3? bgu! lb bupbuis& ba bf {rb ub ba'
brba|ska fiu sbu|iu pkfbia|ifi{`eiu (Ji|ia9
52)!
Kb|rkfgba|b psblig`aka fiu psibbuiu sb'
biau|srb|`ziu lb |ili |`pi& lbu|kbkali pis
ur cbffb~k fiu lb psbe`p |ke`ia {r`g`ek!
Bu|k ekz`lkl jrae`iak ba fk ke|rkf`lkl ba
sbm`gba zkliui!
Ji|i 52> Eksif`ak Jrba|bu lrska|b fk bxekzke`ia!
cf`bi p ba pks|b ba fiu kfgkbbabu lb l`ehi
Grubi!
_ksk fk c`igb|s`k& hbgiu r|`f ~kli fku gb'
l`lku psiprbu|ku pis \! \issbu (;08<)!
Eskabi> bu pbukli& lb kupbb|i gkb`~i& gr pabrgk|`~kli& eia kseiu p bsbu|ku gr gksek'
liu! Hie`ei gr psiarae`kli!
\kcfk ba gg
hbgcsk gkehi gkehi jskmg! jskmg!
58?&? <55&?
52?&? <??&?
3=2
;=3&?
8?&8
3?5&5 3;5&: 35:&2 ;50&=
;3;&? <3&;
;:<&? ;0<&? ;2?&?
=3&? 80&? =3&3
5:&?
3:5&?
8;&? 02&?
;35&?
85&2
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
Fiam`|rl cku`fks !
Fiam`|rl bnb cku`jke`kf !
Fiam`|rl lba|ks`k !
Fiam`|rl akukf !
Fiam`|rl pkfk|kf !
Fiam`|rl pise`ia his`~ia|kf pkfk|kf
Kaehrsk gkx`gk iee`p`|kf !
Kaehrsk |skauzbsuk eiali iee`p`|kf!
Kaehrsk |skauzbsuk is`j e i iee`p |kf !!!!!
Kaehrsk kse klk ~`{igk|`ek !!
Kaehrsk |sku psiebuiu urpskisc |kf!
Kaehrsk jsis |kf
Kaehrsk ba|sb isc`|ku !!!
2<
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Kaehrsk gkx`gk pkfklks !
Kaehrsk g`a`gk pkfklks !
Fiam`|rl lb fiu gifks`jisgbu !
Fiam`|rl lb fiu gifksbu !
;?0&2
=;&?
=;&8
;?5&?
=5&?
=<&3
2=&2
=?&?
0?&?
=5&?
;?0&?
=2&=
0<&?
=<&2
Kpksbe`bsia |kgc`ba ba fk bxekzke`:a (Ji|i a9 5:)& zks`iu sbu| iu lb eskabi lb ka`gkfbu abiak|iu& gr mficiuiu& eia bf
jsia|kf gr pfkai& gr jsk{`fbu!
Gkal`crfk> \ka|i fk skgk his`~ia|kf eigi fk zbs|`ekf uia gr kaehku lka ubauke`ia lb
mska sicru|b~4 bf psiebui p|bs`mi`lbi bu|k gr lbukssiffkli4 bf cislb ka|bs`is lb fk skgk ku'ebalba|b bu pske|`ekgba|b zbs|`ekf fk buei|klrsk ubg`fraks urpbs`is bu sbe|k!
\kcfk ba gg
U ;5?? U ;5?; U ;5?3 U ;5?5 U ;5?< U ;5?2 U ;2?? u!a!
;! 38?&? 352&? 352&3 5;?&?
3! !!!!!!!!!!!!! 2;&5 58&: 53&3 53&2 5<&; 2?&5
5! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! 2=&; 2=&5 23&? 2;&8 20&2 :3&?
<! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! 2:&8 2:&8 23&3 23&? 20&3 :2&5
2! :?&; :?&< 23&= 2;&3 :<&2 =?&?
:! 0:&< 0:&3 02&; 0=&? 0:&< ;?5&? ;?5&3= 8;&? 8?&3 8?&? 85&: 83&2 0;&8 8:&2 :<&5
8! !!!!!!!!!!!!! ;2&? ;2&? ;<&3 ;5&= ;<&? ;8&?
0! <<&2 2:&= <3&2 <3&2 :8&3
;?! !!!!!!!!!!!!! 33&? 3<&? 35&2 33&3 32&? 38&2
;;! !!!!!!!!!!!!! ;8&; ;0&2 ;0&2 ;0&; 35&2 3<&? ;:&:
;3! !!!!!!!!!!!!! ;2;&2 ;38&3 ;30&? ;=2&?
U ;5?? U ;5?;> gkal`crfk `~{r`bslk lbsbehk lb ra gkehi klrf|i {rb psbuba|k mska lbumku|b lb fiu `ae`u ziu lb fiu
liu gifksbu {rb |ilkz`k pbsgkabeba ba bf`ku!
U ;5?3> gkal`crfk lbsbehk lb ra klrf|i!
U ;5?5 U ;5?<> gkal`crfku lbsbehk b `~{r`bslk lbf g`ugi `al`z`lri& eia fiu l`ba|bu piei mku|kliu!
U ;5?2> gkal`crfk lbsbehk lb ra klrf|i& eia piei lbumku|b gifks!
U ;2??> gkal`crfk lbsbehk lb ra ka`gkf gr z`bni& eia fiu l`ba|bu lbumku|kliu kf gkx`gi!
Gbl`lku> ;) Fiam`|rl gkal`crfks4 3) fiam`|rl lb l`ku|bgk4 5) kf|rsk lb fk gkal`crfk ba bf_<4 <) kf|rsk lb fk gkal`crfk
&ba bf G&4 2)kf|rsk lb fk gkal`crfk ba bf G54 :) fiam`|rl _<'G54 =) fiam`|rl lb fiu gifksbu G&'G54 8) fiam`|rl lbf _<4 0)
l`kgb|si |skauzbsukf lbf e:al fi gkal`crfks4 ;?) l`kgb|si zbs| ekf lbf e:al fi gkal`crfks4 ;;) l`ksab|si |skauzbsukf lbf ek'
a`ai4 ;3) kf|rsk lb fk skgk kuebalba|b!
Gkal`crfk `ajka|`f> Kpks|b lb kfmraiu |sk'
ckniu uicsb fk lbs`| e ia lb fbehb lbf iui lb
fku ekzbsaku (Dic& ;023&Sklrfbuei Ukgp'uia& ;0204 \bs~bk& ;0:0)& ai hbgiu baeia'
|skli a`a{ra bu|rl`i uicsb fk gisjifim`k ?
bf lbukssiffi lb fkgkal`crfk lb fiu iub~aiu!
Ba bf ke`g ba|i kpksbe`bsia fiu sbu|iu
gkal`crfksbu `ajka|`fbu lb : `al`z`lriu er'
k blkl iue`fk ba|sb ;8 gbubu liu kj`iu&
ub{ra prl`giu lblre`s lbf bu|kli lb fklba'
|`e`ia& liu jskmgba|iu pbs|babe`ba|bu kliu
iub~aiu kra gbaisbu& lb gili {rb pilbgiu
hkebs rak pb{rbj`k lbues pe`ia kak|ig`ek lb
bu|b bfbgba|i lks rak c`igb|s k! Kai|kgiu
fiu jskmgba|iu lbf ??kf ?=& r|`f`~kali fiu ar'gbsiu ?? pksk kai|ks fku skgku gkal`crfk'
sbu lbsbehku fiu ??- pksk fku `~{r`bslku!
?;! Iub~ai lb <'0 gbubu lb blkl! Sbu|iu lb
fku liu skgku his`~ia|kfbu lb fkgkal`crfk&
u`a iu j`eks& u`a eka`aiu& eia mbsgbabu `a`e`k'fbu lb `ae`u ziu lb ra gifks`jisgb!
Bfcislb `ajbs`is bu pske|`ekgba|b sbe|i! Fk
eksk bx|bsak bu gkseklkgba|b eiazbxk hk'
e`k fk u`aj`u u gkal`crfks kfmi eiaekzk hk'
e`k ur g`|kl& ub zba c`ba bf is`j`e i ar|s`e i
|sbu kmrnbsiu gba|ia`kaiu pbsjbe|kgba|b
kf`abkliu ba fk f`abk gbl`k lb fk skgk& bf`p'
|`eiu eia bf bnb gkis ka|bsipiu|bs`is!
Fk eksk `a|bsak psbuba|k rak u`aj`u u srmi'
uk eia ra ursei u`aj`uks`i c`ba gksekli& ba
jisgk lb eigk `aef`aklk4 ba fk sbm`ia piu|b'
s`is& hke`k bf eba|si lb fk skgk zbs|`ekf& bg'p`b~k k jisgksub bf is`j`e`i gkal`crfks
piu|bs`is!
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Fiam`|rl |i|kf lbf jskmgba|i !
Kf|rsk gkx`gk skgk his`~ia|kf !
Kf|rsk lb fiu isj`e`iu gba|ia`kaiu !
Kf|rsk lb fk u`aj`u`u &&-& &#-& # &!!
Kaehrsk lb fk u`aj`u`u & &#-& &#& &##& & !
?3'?=!Iub~aiu lb ;8 gbubu kliu kj`iu lb
blkl! Sbu|iu lb iehi skgku his`~ia|kfbu
liu hbg`gkal`crfksbu eigpfb|ku& c`ba iu`'
j`ekliu! Ba ?5 ?: bu|ka k pra|i lb ukf`s bf
eka`ai bf |bsebs `ae`u zi4 ba ?<-&?2- ?=ub
eiaubszka @iu{bsgbabu lb fiu eka`aiu4 ?<&
?2&?2-&?:&?:- ?= |`baba k lbukssiffkli bf
ubmrali gifks&
Bf cislb `ajbs`is lb fk skgk his`~ia|kf bu
gr sbe|i& eia rak buei|klrsk gr urkzb
pis lbckni lb fiu kmrnbsiu gba|ia`kaiu& mb'
abskfgba|berk|si& liu gku klbfka|kliu
gku kf|iu& {rb ei`ae`lba eia fk ckub lbf kf'
zbifi lbf eka`ai liu gku sb|skukliu gku
ckniu& {rb ei`ae`lba eia fkckub lb fiu kfzbi'
fiu lb fiu psbgifksbu& {rb uia |sbu!
Ba fk eksk `a|bsak lb fk gkal`crfk& fk u`a'
j`u`u gkal`crfks bu gr srmiuk c`ba lbj`'
a`lk& pbsi hk lbukpksbe`li bf ursei u`aj`uks`i4
ba fk sbm`ia piu|bs`is& bf is`j`e`igkal`crfks
bu|k eigpfb|kgba|b jisgkli ub eia|`ark
eia rak kgpf`k jiub|k {rb kfeka~k bf eial`'
;? gkal`crfks&
Bf cislb ka|bs`is lb fk skgk kuebalba|b bu
sbfk|`zkgba|b eiaekzk bae`bssk ra mska kf'
zbifi pksk bf |bsebs gifks& {rb kue`balb pis
bae`gk lb fk `aubse`ea lbf eial`fi gkal`cr'
fks4 bf cislb piu|bs`is bu sbe|i4 bf cislb ur'
pbs`is& f`mbskgba|b sblialbkli!
Bf ubmrali gifks psbuba|k rak pb{rbj`k
sk`~ uberalks`k pis ur eksk `a|bsak& {rb zk
k baeknks ba ra is`j`e`i {rb ub baerba|sk ba
fk eifrgak gbl`k kfzbifks&
;?:&8gg!
30&? ´
;<&3 ´
5=&8 ´
;8&; ´
Ji|i 5:> Lrska|b fku fkcisbu lb bxekzke`ia!
\kcfk ba gg
?< ?2 ?2- ?: ?:- ?=
;52&2 $ ;<;&2$ ;5=&2 $ ;2:&5 ;5=&? $ ;:?&?
:8&? =?&?
;:&= $ 3?&2
;2&; ;:&=
55&3 55&3 55&< 5?&3 5;&5 5?&?
52&? 5:&5
;<&2 ;?&:
Fiam`|rl gkal`crfks !
Kf|rsk skgk kuebalba|b !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsukf eis`l`fi !
L`ksab|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is e:al`fi !
Kf|rsk ckni G& !
Kf|rsk u`aj`u`u !
Kaehrsk u`aj`u`u !
Lba| e`:a lbj a |`zk> Fk ubs`b lba|ks`k |`p '
ek eiau|k lb 5? l`ba|bu& u` c`ba prblb kpk'sbebs kfmrai lb fiu psbgifksbu sblre`li k
rak g`a`gk erup`lb& e:a`ek ra`sskl`erfk'
lk& gku ?gbaiu k|skzbuklk ba fk f`abk gb'l`k lb fk gkal`crfk ?gkx`fk&
Fk j:sgrfk lba|ks`k hkc`|rkf ba Rsuru upbfkbru bu>
;'3'5 ; ?'?'?'< ;'3
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Lba|`e`:a urpbs`is>
k) @ae`u`ziu> Bfps`gbs `ae`u`zi bu lb sblr'
e`lku l`gbau`iabu ur sk`~ bu|k gr eig'
ps`g`lk fk|bskfgba|b4 bf ubmrali bu kfmigku
jrbs|b bf |bsebsi bu ra l`ba|b grehi gku
mskalb& pksbe`li k ra eka`ai& eia rak sk`~
gr fksmk u`a erbffi kpksba|b!
L`kgb|si L`kgb|si|skauzbsui ka|bsipiu|bs`is
f- !
; 3 !
;5 ‣!‣!!!!‣!‣‣‣‣‣!!‣!!!!!‣!!‣!!!!!!!!
Ubs`b_'_
8&;' 0&:
;?&8';;&8
;5&:';2&0
;?&5';;&8
;3&3';5&<
;3&8';:&3
5?&8'55&2
<
:
2
c) Eka`aiu> Uia fiu l`ba|bu gku jrbs|bu
sicru|iu lb |ilk fk lba|`e :a& u`a bgcksmi
uia gr piei pbukliu& fk sk`~ pks|b lb fk
eisiak bu|ka hrbeiu g`ba|sku bf ka`gkf bu n:'
zba& esbe`bali bf bupbuis gbl`i lb fk pksbl
Bf l`kgb|si |skauzbsui gkx`gi bu>
lb fk sk`~ lbulb fiu ?&=gg! lbf abiak|i (lba'
|`e :a lb fbehb)& k ;:';=gg! ba fiu gr n:'
zbabu& <?'<: ba fiu klrf|iu& :? gg! ba fiu
z`bniu& hku|k fk icf`|bske`:a |i|kf lbf hrbei
ba fiu gr z`bniu!
Gkehiu N:zbabu Hbgcsku
@al`z`lri z`bni !!!!!!!!!!! 3?&= ;2&5 ;2&=
3;&5 ;=&2 ;:&?
@al`z`lri z`bni !!!!!!!!!!! 3?&< ;:&<
3?&: ;2&:
@al`z`lri klrf|i 3?&5 ;:&<
;0&2 ;:&:
@al`z`lri klrf|i 3;&5
Fk kf|rsk |i|kf lb fiu eka`aiu eia|kali fk
sk`~ zks`k ba|sb 02 ;?=gg! bf pbui ba|sb
5? <2 msu!
e) _sbgifksbu> Uifkgba|b bx`u|b bf erks'
|i psbgifks {rb ub ekske|bs`~k pis eiaubszks
bf ekske|bs eksa`zisi ba eia|skpiu`e`:a eia
fiu gifksbu!
Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k !
Kaehrsk kcuifr|k !
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !
;8&?'33&:
;5&?';:&2
;=
l) Gifksbu> Ba|sb fiu gifksbu sbeim`liu ba
bf ke`g`ba|i& hka kpksbe`li erk|si mbsgb'
abu `~{r`bsliu lbf ubmrali gifks urpbs`is
ra mbsgba lbsbehi& ;? erkf eiaj`sgk fk psb'
ubae`k lb kf gbaiu erk|si iub~aiu gbaisbu
lb ra kj`i (bf ubmrali gifks lbj`a`| zi hkeb
bsrpe`:a k fiu 0 gbubu ba bf iui pksli)!
Gf
Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k !
Kaehrsk |kfia !
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !
3:&='5?&2
;=&<'3;&?
33
G3
Fiam |rl kcuifr|k
Kaehrsk |kfia !
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !
50&?'<=&3
;=&2'35&=
38
Ubs`bu _<YG3&iam`|rl>
U ;2?5 !
U ;2?< !
Z`bni !
8=&3 gg!
=5&: ´
0;&= ´
0;&? ´
Lba|`e`:a `ajbs`is>
k) @ae`u`ziu> Ai jisgka ra ksei hke`k klb'
fka|b u`ai rak h`fbsk {rbcsklk prbu bf ub'
mrali uicsbukfb gku {rb a`amrai! Gr c`'
ubfkliu! Bf |bsebsi ercsb ba pks|b kf eka`ai
urbfb bu|ks lbumku|kli pis bf sieb lbf ;5ur'pbs`is!
Fk psbubae`k lb 2 mbsgbabu lb @& = lb
;5`al`ek {rb ba bf ke`g`bs`|i hkc`k kf gb'
aiu < iub~aiu lb gbaiu lb ra kj`i!
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L`kgb|si L`ksab|si|skauzbsui ka|bsipiu|bs`is
F !
@3 !
;5
2&3' 8&0 8&2';?&3
:&?';;&2 ;?&?';5&<
;;&2';5&: ;?&3';3&:
3<&:'3:&:
;;
3?
3?
Ubs`b ;;';5 !!!!!!!
c) Eka`aiu> Fk kf|rsk |i|kf lb fiu eka`aiu
eia|kali fk sk`~ zks`k ba|sb 8: ;;? gg!
bf pbui ba|sb 3? 8? msu! _ksk bf bupbuis lb
fk sk`~ zkfba fku eiau`lbske`iabu hbehku eia
sbupbe|i k fiu eka`aiu urpbs`isbu!
Hka kpksbe`li <!mbsgbabu {rb `al`eka fk
psbubae`k lb kf gbaiu liu iub~aiu gbaisbu
lb ;: gbubu {rb urpiabgiu pbs|babeba k
fku gkal`crfku gkseklku eia fku u`mfku ?3'?=!
Bf l`kgb|si |skauzbsui gkx`gi bu>
Gkehiu Mbssababubgcsku n:zbabu
3; ;0&:'33&=
e) _sbgifksbu> Uifkgba|b bx`u|b bf erks'|i psbgifks {rb ub ekske|bs`~k pis ubs ra`er'
p`lb& eia kupbe|i eis|ka|b!Ba fku iehi
hbg`gkal`crfku {rb eiaubszka fk ubs`b gi'
fks`jisgb hbgiu eigpsickli fk psbubae`k lb
ra pb{rbj`i l`ku|bgk ba|sb b;_< b;G@& gr
gksekli ba fiu bnbgpfksbu lb gkis |kgkj`i!
Kpksbe`bsia 5 mbsgbabu (iub~aiu lb gb'
aiu lb ;8 gbubu) c`ba jisgkliu!
Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k!!! ;5&?';:&0 gg!
Kaehrsk kcuifr|k!!!! 0&<';3&2´
A¿ bnbgpfksbu 5?
l) Gifksbu> Bf ps`gbs gifks bu kcuifr|k'
gba|b eksa`ebsi& piubb e`aei erup`lbu jke`f'
gba|b `lba|`j`ekcfbu bu|k l`z`l`li ba liu
pise`iabu pis ra bu|sbehkg`ba|i gku ? gb'
aiu eba|skf!
Bf ubmrali gifks bu ab|kgba|b |rcbser'
fklb bf gku zifrg`aiui lb fiu |sbu! Hka
kpksbe`li : mbsgbabu (iub~aiu gbaisbu lb
ra kj`i)&
Bf |bsebs gifks bu bf gku pb{rbj`i pksb'
eb sblre`li k rak pfk|kjisgk ba fk {rb ai
ub l`u|`amrba |rcbserfiu ps`ae`pkfbu a` eru'
p`lbu! Hka kpksbe`li = mbsgbabu (iub~aiu lb
gbaiu lb 3 kj`iu)!
G@
Fiam`|rl kcui;r|k
Kaehrsk |k;:a !!
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !!
G3
Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k
Kaeh rsk |k;:a
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !!
38&<'53&< gg!
;3&:';:&3 ´
3; ´
38&3'55&? gg!
;=&?'3;&8 )w
53 )w
;2&3';=&< ;2&8';=&8
G5Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k
Kaehrsk kcuifr|k !!
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !!
3;&8'5?&8 gg!
;=&<'33&3 )w
3< )w
Ubs`bu _<'G5& fiam`|rl>
U ;5?? gkal`crfk `~lk! 0:&= gg!
U ;5?? gkaljcrfk lehk !!! 0:&? )w
U ;5?5 gkaljcrfk lehk !!! 0=&; )w
U ;5?< gkaljcrfk `~lk !!!! 02&8 )w
U ;20? sakaljcrfk `~lk !!!! ;??&8 ´
U ;20? gkaljcrfk lehk! !! ;??&; ´
U ;5?3 gkal`crfk lehk! !! 02&? ´
U ;2?? gkal`crfk lehk! !! ;?3&5 ´
Ubs`bu G@'G5& fiam`|rl>
U ;5?2 gkal`crfk lehk !!! 03&2 ´
U ;2?; gkal`crfk lehk !!! 80&; ´
Zbs|bcsku> Ba|sb i|siu sbu|iu zbs|bcskfbu&
kpksbe`bsia ba eiabx`:a gr c`ba eiaubs'
zklku fku zbs|bcsku ebsz`ekfbu lb ra u:;? `a'
l`z lri (;'=)!
Ba b;k|fku fk |rcbsiu`lkl lisukf bu gr pk'
|ba|b jrbs|b& ba jisgk lb gkgb;:a eia |sbu
esbu| ku lbj`a lku& rak eba|skf liu ;k|bsk;bu4
bf ekakf lb ra`:a ba|sb bf kmrnbsi kfks bf
kmrnbsi `a|bszbs|bcskf bu eia|`ari psijra'
li& bf eianra|i |igk kupbe|i lb jiub|k bu'
|sbehk hral`lk4 bf kfk lbsbehk ub sigp`:
lrska|b fk bxekzke`:a& pbsi ba fk `~{r`bslk
ub icubszk ra jrbs|b sbf`bzb ba fk ~iak piu'
|bs`is& {rb lbf`g`|k rak jiub|k eku` |s`kamr'
fks g`ba|sku {rb bf cislb ka|bs`is bu j`ai
eis|ka|b!
Bf kx`u psbuba|k rak kp:j`u u bup`aiuk gr
gkseklk& gr kf|k |bsg`aklk ba ra c`ubf
|s`kamrfks4 fk kp:j`u`u ilia|i`lbu bu msrbuk&
gr kfksmklk |bsg`ak ba jisgk sigk c`'
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ubfklk4 bf pfkai gbl`i lb bu|ku liu kpij`u`u
ai bu ei`ae`lba|b& fk kpij`u`u bup aiuk U8 lbu'
z`k hke`k fk `~{r`bslk fk ilia|i`lb hke`k fk
lbsbehk!
Bf erbspi lb fku zbs|bcsku ebsz`ekfbu sbu'
|ka|bu (5'=)ai psbuba|k esbu|k zba|skf& pbsi
ba fk 5 k fk < k hk ra pks lb esbu|ku sigku
fk|bskfbu {rb lbf`g`|ka rak ~iak gku pfkak&
ba fk {rb hkeb ukf`ba|b rak g`a`gk ks`u|k
eba|skf!Ur ekcb~k ks|`erfks bu piei ukf`ba|b& f`mb'
skgba|b keisk~iaklk eiazbxk& eia rak jkeb'
|k eba|skf eiaekzk> fk ekz`lkl ei|`fi`lbk bu
bf`p|`ek& eiaekzk& eia rak jkeb|k eba|skf |kg'
c`ba eiaekzk! Bf ekakf abrskf bu kgpf`i4 bx`u'
|b ra mska is`j`e`i |skauzbsui ba |ilku fku
zbs|bcsku ebsz`ekfbu bxebp|i ba fk =k !
Fku kpij`u u `ajbs`isbu eiaj`mrska ra psi'
ebui eksi|`lbi gr kgpf`i gksekli ba fk
u' uicsb |ili ba fk u'!
Gbl`lku lbf k|fku
Kaehrsk gkx`gk ba|sb fiu
pra|iu bx|sbgiu lb fku kfku !!
Fiam`|rl ka|bsipiu|bs`is gk'
x`gk lb fk zbs|bcsk !
Fiam`|rl lbf skei lisukf !
Kaehrsk gkx`gk lb fku urpbs'
j`e bu ks|`erfksbu piu|bs`isbu !!
L`kss`b|si lisuizba|skf lbf
erbspi lbf k|fku !
;2?$sag!
=0&? ´
53&? ´
=?&2 ´
3<&? ´
Gbl`lku lbf kx`u
Kf|rsk lb fk zbs|bcsk !
Fiam`|rl lb fk z! ba|sb kp:j`'
u`u ilia|i`lbu u! ks|`b !
Kaehrsk gkx`gk uicsb ks| er'
fke`iabu ka|bs`isbu !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsukf urpbsj`'
e`b ks|`erfks piu|bs`is !
8<&2 ´
=8&2 ´
=?&? ´
<3&3 ´
\kcfk bagg!
Z Z@ Z@@
2:&0 :3&= :;&:
3:&; 38&2 5<&2
5:&5 5<&= 52&5
<?&2 <?&3 <2&8
30&< 30&2 38&5
<2&2 <<&5 2<&;
30&? 30&5 5?&2
30x;8 55x;0 55x;8
;?< 08 ;??
@@ @ @Z
Kaehrsk gkxgk erbspi zbs|bcskf
Kf|rsk gkx`gk erbspi zbs|bcskf !
Fiam`|rl erbspi zbs|bcskf !
Kaehrsk jkeb|k ks|`erfklk ka|bs`is
Kf|rsk jkeb|k ks|`erfklk ka|bs`is !
Kaehrsk ekz`lkl ei|`fi`lbk !
Kf|rsk ekz`lkl ei|`li`fbk !
L`kgb|si ekakf abrskf !
Kpbs|rsk gkx`gk kp:j`u u fk|bskf
<0&:
3;&=
5<&?
5<&8
3?&=
<5&;
3<&?
35x;8
;?;
22&?
32&;
52&3
<;&?
3=&3
<3&?
3=&=
38x;0
;?:
Lkli bf pb{rbj`i |kgkj`i fkmske`f`lkl lbf
eianra|i zbs|bcskf& pbaukgiu {rb pils`k hk'
cbs pbs|babe`li k rak hbgcsk nizba!
Buekprfk> Lbc`li k ur jskm`f lkl& bu gr
l`j`e f baeia|sks bu|b |`pi lb hrbui eigpfb'
|i& aisgkfgba|b ub eiaubszk fk sbm`ia mfb'
ai`lbk!L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is
lbf erbffi 8=&<';??&? gg
L`kgb|si ka|bsip! lb fk ek'
z`lkl mfbai`lbk :3&3' =<&2 ´
L`kgb|si ka|bsip! bp`j`u`u
ks|`erfks 80&?';?=&? ´
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui ekz`'
lkl mfbai`lbk <?&?' 25&5 ´
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui gkx`'
gi kesig`ia 5:&2' <2&: ´
Hrgbsi> Fiu hrbuiu fksmiu ub sigpba eia
sbfk|`zk jke`f`lkl erkali bu|ka bxprbu|iu k
ekgc`iu lb |bgpbsk|rsk (hbfklk'lbuh`bfi)&
kjis|raklkgba|b& fiu bu{rbfb|iu lb Fk_kuk'
lk bu|kcka bgcr|`liu ba rak gkuk lb ckssi
_bfz`u lb Rsuru upbfkbru ba bf ke`sgbs`|i!
gr z`ueiui {rb fbu psi|b{`i lb bu|iu ekg'
c`iu ku` hbgiu pil`li sbeimbs erk|si hr'
gbsiu eigpfb|iu zks`iu jskmgba|iu lb
crba |kgkj`i& ba crbaku eial`e`iabu lb eia'
ubszke`ia!
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Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is ekcb~k !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is bx|sbgi urpbs`is !!
L`ksab|si |skauzbsukf ekcb~k !
L`ksab|si |skauzbsukf bx|sbgi urpbs`is !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui l`kj`u`u !
L`ksab|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi `ajbs`is
Bf pk{rbj`i |kgkj`i lbf hrsabsi (5<0'522
gg!) fb ubpksk pis eigpfb|i lb fiu mskalbuiuiu bupbfbiu lb fiu ke`g`ba|iu brsipbiu&
jskaebubu ba pks|`erfks& pksk fiu {rb Dic
(;02?) lk raiu gks{babu lb 52; k <8?igg!
<50 ' 52= gg! ( < bnbg!)
:3&3 ' 80&3 ´ ( 0 bnbg!)
=:&2 ';?3&: ´ (;? bnbg!)
22&? ' =0&? ´ ( 0 bnbg!)
:<&2 ' 0;&2 ´ ( 0 bnbg!)
55&? ' <?&= ´ ( 2 bnbg!)
0:&3 ';3:&? ´ (;; bnbg!)
Bu|i ai bu ps`zk|`zi lb fiu iuiu lb Fk _kuk'
lk& u`ai {rb pksbeb ubs fk |:a`ek mbabskf babf f`|iskf eka|kcs`ei& \issbu (;08<) psipiab
raiu f`g |bu lb 5<5'<<8 gg! pksk fk bupb'
e`b eia lk|iu lb bu|k ~iak!
Rfak ? erc`|i>
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`ksab|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is ifbeskaia !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsukf ergcsb ifbeskaia !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is l`kj`u`u !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is kp:j`u u bu| fi lb
Skl`i>
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is ekcb~k !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui ekcb~k !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is erbffi !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is l`kj`u`u !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is bx|sbgi `ajbs`is !
L`kgb|si |skauz! bx|sbgi `ajbs`is !
Erc`|i skl`i eiau|`|rba bf bu{rbfb|i lbf
ka|bcsk~i4 bf ps`gbsi bu|k eigps`g`li fk|b'
skfgba|b bu piei erszkli ba sbfke`:a k ei'
gi kpksbeb ba i|sku bupbe`bu lb iuiu4 bf
ubmrali bu gr sicru|i!
_ksk fiu iuiu bupbfbiu lb fk msr|k lb G`x'
a`|~ (^kpjb& ;0<:) fk fiam`|rl |i|kf lbf skl`i
bu lb 5;='52:gg! fk lbf erc`|i lb 55<'<;<4
\issbu (;08<) psipiab rak kgpf`|rl lb
38?'<?<gg! pksk bf erc`|i lb 3:3'520 pk'
sk bf skl`i!
Zifzbgiu k eigpsicks fkpb{rbj`b~ lb fiu
iuiu lb Fk _kuklk kf g`ugi |`bgpi ubj`k'
fkgiu fk mske`f lkl lb eku` |iliu fiu hrbuiufksmiu!
5;:&= '552&? gg! (= bnbg!)
:=&? ' 88&2 ´ (0 bnbg!)
55&? ' <2&? ´ (0 bnbg!)
55&? ' <5&2 ´ (0 bnbg!)
<<&? ' 2?&? ´ (= bnbg!)
3:0 '30? gg! ' (< bnbg!)
<3&? ' 2<&2 ´ (8 bnbg!)
5;&? ' <?&: ´ (8 bnbg!)
32&? ' 52&? ´ (8 bnbg!)
3:&2 ' 5:&2 ´ (8 bnbg!)
:;&2 ' ::&2 ´ (< bnbg!)
50&2 ' <3&? ´ (< bnbg!)
Eskabi lb Rsuru upbfkbru lb fk erbzk lb Fk _kuklk!
\kcfk bagg!
@ @@ @@@ @Z Z
;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! =5&5'8;&? =5&<'8?&: ::&2'=:&? :=&<'=5&5 2<&=':;&?
3! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 32&?'5;&0 3?&:'30&5 ;=&<'35&: ;:&;'3?&= 3?&;'3<&?
5! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3:&3'5;&? 3:&<'53&8 33&8'5;&2 33&5'5?&? ;8&?'3;&=
<! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;2&2'3;&; ;2&5'3?&< ;2&3';=&2 ;5&5';8&? ;;&5';<&<
2! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;5&3';8&5 ;5&?';=&: ;;&<';<&= ;;&3';<&< 0&=';5&0
:! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3<&='30&< 35&:'3=&2 3;&:'32&2 33&?'32&5 ;2&?'3;&2a9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! : ;? ;? 8 :
;)Fiam`|rl kcuifr|k4 3)L`ksab|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgk urpbs`is4 5)L`ksab|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is bx|sbgk urpbs`is4
<) L`kgb|si |skauzbsui l`kj`u`u> 2)L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is l`kj`u`u4 :) L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi `ajbs`is4
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Ekspi> Bu|k eigprbu|i pis u`b|b hrbuiu
eis|iu l`u|s cr`liu ba liu j`fku! Bf buekji`lbu
bu|k uiflkli kf ubg`fraks bf p`u jisgb uis'
psbalb pks ur mska |kgk>j`!i ba sbfke`:a k
i|sku bupbe`bu lb eksa zisiu! Bf eianra|i jra'
e`iak eigi ra uifihrbui giz`baliub ba gk'
uk |ilk fk gr>j`!bek!
erszkliu& ub l`upiaba lb gkabsk {rb fk ek'
sk lisukf lb fkgkak sburf|k eiazbxk fk pkf'
gks e:aekzk!
_bfz`u> Bu rai lb fiu hrbu iu gku jsk{`fbu
lbf bu{rbfb|i {rb pbis sbu`u|b fku eial`e i'
abu klzbsuku lb hrgblkl cknk |bgpbsk|r'
sk lb fku erbzku& pis bffi fiu sbu|iu {rb
hbgiu baeia|skli uia jskmgba|ks`iu ub sb'
lreba eku` u`bgpsb k fku ekz`lklbu ei|`'
fi`lbku!
Gb|kekspi> Fiugb|keksp kaiu uia fiu gku
pb{rb>j`!iulb fiu hrbuiu fksmiu4 f`mbskgba|b
Jbgrs> Bu bf hrbui gku fksmi gku gke`'
~i lbf bu{rbfb|i!
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi urpbs`is !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi `ajbs`is !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui l`kj`u`u !
A¿ bnbgpfksbu !
Fk fiam`|rl lbf jbgrs bu|k pis lbckni lbff`g`|b lkli pks ^kpjb (;0<:)pksk fk bupbe`b!
Si|rfk> Gr sicru|k!
\`c`k> Bu ai|kcfbgba|b eks|k sbe`k!
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is bx|sbgi urpbs`is !!
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi urpbs`is !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui erbspi !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi `ajbs`is !
L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is bx|sbgi `ajbs`is
Fk fiam`|rl gkx`gk lklk pis Uehgbsf`am&
Bhsbgcbsm Dic (;02?)bu lb 5<3gg4 pk'
sk _krfru (;0<:)fiu f`g`|bu ub baerba|ska ba'
|sb 3:? 5;3 gg!
_bsiab ?j`crfk> Uifkgba|b hbgiu pil`li
sbeimbs liu pbsiabu eigpfb|iu ur jskm`f`lkl
bu bx|sbgk!
Fiam`|rl |i|kf !
L`ksab|si |skauzbsui l`kj`u`u !
Fk fiam`|rl gkx`gk lklk pis Uehgbsf`am
(`a Dic& ;02?) bu lb 5??'5;3 gg!
\ksui> Bu|k eigprbu|i pis u`b|b hrbuiu
{rb ub kmsrpka ba |sbu j`fku!
Ku|sk{kfi>
L`kgb|si |skauzbsukf gkx`gi
L`kss`b|si zbs|`ekf gkx`gi !
A¿ lb bnbgpfksbu !
Ekfekabi>
Kf|rsk kcuifr|k !
L`kgb|si |skauzbsui |rcbsiu`lkl !
52=&?'<83&5 gg!
05&2';53&2 ´
=0&?';?2&? ´
5<&?' <=&2 ´
;?
3<:&?'385&? gg!
28&2' =3&? ´
83&?';??&3 ´
3:&?' 5;&2 ´
:2&?' =8&? ´
5:&2' <:&3 ´
338&2
;;&?
352&? gg!
;5&2 ´
23&5':=&2 gg!
<:&2':3&? ´
;?
;?:&2' =;&?gg!
58&<'>' 32&: ´
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L`kgb|si |skauzbsui hrbui =?&;' 2:&: ´
Gb|k|ksu`kaiu>
\kcfk ba gg!
@ @@ @@@ @Z Z
;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! =<&8'8<&? :=&3'=8&? ::&5'83&5 28&2':2&3 <:&2'2;&=
3! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 33&2'30&? ;:&3'3;&2 ;:&?'33&? ;5&5';2&2 ;8&?'3?&=
5! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3<&?'5?&? 35&8'3=&: 32&;'5;&? 3?&<'32&? ;8&0'3<&=
<! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;3&:';<&5 ;<&;';:&< ;5&=';8&3 ;3&3';<&; 0&3';3&;2! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;3&?';:&5 ;;&0';2&? 0&8';2&3 8&8';;&2 0&2';3&5
:! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 33&8'3=&2 3?&?'33&< ;0&5'32&? ;=&='3;&< ;<&8';=&<
A¿ !!!!!!!!!!!! 0 = 8 = 2
;)Fiam`|rl |i|kf4 3) L`kgb|si |skauzbsui bx|sbgi urpbs`is4 5) L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is urpbs`is4 <)L`kgb|si
|skau zbsui l`kj`u`u> 2) L`kgb|si ka|bsipiu|bs`is l`kj`u`u> :) L`ksab|si |skau zbsui bx|sbgi `ajbs`is!
Eiaie`bali fk fiam`|rl gbl`k lb fiu hrb'
uiu fksmiu lb fk bx|sbg`lkl piu|bs`is& pilb'
giu lb|bsg`aks kpsix`gklkgba|b fk |kffk
gbl`k lb rak picfke`ia& r|`f`~kali rak jis'
grfk gr u`gpfb pbsi cku|ka|b bxke|k>
\7Fiam! gbl`k jbgrs (a?) $ Fiam! gbl`k |`c`k (a?) $ Fiam! gbl`k j`crfk (a?)
a9 bnbg! jbgrs $ a# bnbg! |`c`k $ a9 bnbg! j`crfk
Ba arbu|si ekui>
\7 50?&2 (;?) $ 3::&= (2) $ 35;&: (3)
;? $ 2 $ 3
K ;? {rb |babgiu {rb kj`kl`s <?gg! {rb
eissbupialba kf bupbuis lb fiu eks|`fkmiu&
eia ;? {rb fk |kffk gbl`k sburf|k ubs>
3!823 gg!
Bf iui pksli ke|rkf ba Bupkak g`lb lbulb
fk pra|k lbf hie`ei kf ake`g`ba|i lb fk eifk
\7 3=:&; (:) $ <;< (2) $ 385&8 (:)
: $ 2 $ :
Bu lbe`s& ra kr|ba|`ei m`mka|b uifi eigpk'
skcfb kf iui dil`kd ke|rkf!
Bf iui bupbfbi gku pk{rbj`i {rb eiaieb'
giu bu bf lb fk erbzk lb Mksmku (Hkr|bu'
_sbabbu) efku`j`ekli pis Cirfb (;803) ei'
\7 58? (;) $ 35? (;) $ 352 (;)
5
3!8;3gg!
;&=?'3&?? g!4 ba Brsipk Ubp|ba|s iakf prb'
lba zbsub bnbgpfksbu lb 3&5? k 3&2?g! bf
iui lb Kfkudk kfeka~k& k zbebu uicsbpkuk&
fiu 5&2 g!
U` hkebgiu fkg`ugk ipbske`ia eia fiu sbu'
|iu lbf iui lb fku ekzbsaku lb fk msr|k lb Mks'
lia (Jskae`k) (_krfru ;0<2) sburf|k>
5!=<0gg! $ <? 5!=80 gg!
gi zks`blkl g`ais& eiaj`sgklk pis Cia`jk
(;0=;)!Kpf`ekali fk g`ugk jisgrfk pksk bf
bu{rbfb|i eiaubszkli ba bf Grubi lb H`u|i'
s`k Ak|rskf lb _ks`u>
3!8;: $ <? 3!82: gg!
5/13/2018 Oso de Las Cavernas Cueva de La Pasada - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/oso-de-las-cavernas-cueva-de-la-pasada 11/11
pske|`ekgbs`|b `mrkf {rb pksk bf iui lb Fk
_kuklk!
Bf pis {rb lb bu|b |ksakj`i& sbfk|`zkgba|b
pb{rbj`i (aiifz lbgiu {rb hkcfkgiu lb ra
m`mka|b) ai bu|k g`a efksi!
' Bhsbacbsm (;0<3) ^kpjb (;0<:) kj`sgka
{rb fku jisgku pb{rbs`ku uia psilre|i
lb eial e`iabu kgc`ba|kfbu bu|bpks ku&
pbsi bu|i aiu pbsbeb `aurj`e ba|b!' Fkgrbu|sk prl`bsk bu|ks jkfubklk ba bf
uba|`li |kffk u` |iliu fiu hrbuiu pbs|b'
abe`bska k hbgcsku& {rb uia u`bgpsb lb
gbais |kgkj`i& ? k `al`z lriu gr n:'
zbabu {rb pis |ka|i eiaubszka ekske'
|bsbu jbg`ai`lbu& pbsi bu|k bxpf`eke`:a
|kgpiei aiu pksbeb kebs|klk& ba fk
grbu|sk hbgiu `aefr`li fiu sbu|iu lb
ka`gkfbu gr z`bniu lb mska |kgkj`i!
Gku ;:m`eiaiu pksbeb pbauks ba fk bx`u'
|bae`k lb rak jisgk ksek`ek lb pk{rbj`i |k'gkj`i sbjrm`klk ba ra ksbk mbimsk``ek gr
c`ba lbf`g`|klk {rb eigpsbalbs`k bf Kf|i
_`s abi jskaebu (Mksmku) pks|b lb fk Eisa`'
uk Eka|kcs`ek& u`bali ur f`g`|b iee`lba|kf
_rba|b Z`bumi ba Eka|kcs`k!
Bf msrpi jkg`f ks& prbu ai ub |sk|k lb rak
kergrfke`:a lb sbu|iu lb zks`ku mbabske`i'
abu& u`ai lb ra msrpi bia|ba`li |ili bf ba
rak g`ugk gkuk lb f`gi& {rb lbuekauk ui'
csb rak eiu|sk lrsk lb ekf`~k& ba rak ukfk br'
ku pb{rbj`ku l`gbau`iabu pbsg`| bsia bf
fbzka|kg`ba|i eku` |i|kf lb fk ekpk lb ckssi&bu|kck jisgkli pis ub`u klrf|iu& liu lb b;;?u
gr z`bniu& iehi iub~aiu& ub`u gbaisbu lb
liu kj`iu liu gbaisbu lb ra kj`i! Bf iui
gku z`bni psbuba|kck ba bfgkx`fks ra iu|bi'
jfbg:a gr lbukssiffkli {rb hk lbnkli rak
ekz`lkl ba bf hrbui& eia lbu|sree`:a lb gk'
|bs`k :ubk& jkf|k lb iu`j`eke`:a ba fiu hrb'
uiu fksmiu& {rb hka pbsg`|`li fku bp`j`u`u k
a`zbf lb fiu eks|`fkmiu lb eianrae`:a& kf g`u'
gi |`bgpi {rb ub hka baukaehkli eiau`lb'
skcfbgba |b ub hka hbehi pisiuiu!
Bf iui pksli bu uif`|ks`i b `azbsak uifi&
arabk ub baerba|ska ba fk g`ugk iubsk liu
klrf|iu4 u`a bgcksmi& fkhbgcsk `azbsak eia
uru iub~aiu gbaisbu lb ra kj`i! _iu`c;bgba'
|b b;iui bupb;bigka|ba`k bf arefbi jkg`f`ks
lrska|b |ili bf kj`i& prbu ai bu fk ps`gbsk
zb~ {rb baeia|skgiu ra msrpi lb bu|b |`pi!
Bf iui pksli ke|rkf r|`f`~k fku erbzku pksk
`azbsaks& sbpsilre`sub eigi frmks k lia'
lb sb|`sksub erkali zk k gis`s& pbsi ai bu ur
gisklk hkc`|rkf! Bf hbehi lb {rb baeia|sb'
giu rak jkg`f k ba|bsk lb iui lb fku ekzbs'
aku ba Fk _kuklk aiu hkbb pbauks {rb bu|k
bsk ur gisklk pbsgkaba|b!Ba erka|i k ;kekruk lb fkgrbs|b& esbbgiu
{rb ub lbc`: k rak `aralke`:a ps`gkzbskf&
piu`cfbgba|b is`m`aklk pis bf lbuh`bfi! Bf
kmrk eksmklk lb ckssi lbuebal`: pis fk erb'
zk hku|k ffbmks kf jiali& lialb ub baerba|sk
bf ke`g`ba|i& k jkzis lb fiu ;3 g! lbua zbf
{rb hk ba|sb bu|b fk ba|sklk& kergrfka'
liub uicsb fiu ka`gkfbu gku lb 3? bgu! lb
ckssi sini pku|iui& lbf {rb ai prl`bsia uk'
f`s 'prbu lbc`ka bu|ks kra ubg`h`cbsakliu!
Hbgiu baeia|skli liu a`liu lb ;g! kpsi'
x`gklkgba|b lb fiam |rl lialb kpksbe bsiafiu sbu|iu lb fiu iub~aiu! \kgc`ba lbc`: psi'
lre`sub ba|iaebu bf lbssrgckg`ba|i lbf jia'
li lb fk ukfk!
:5
