OS Installing

CSCI N321 – System and Network Administration

Copyright © 2000, 2012 by Scott Orr and the Trustees of Indiana University

Section Overview

Hardware Inventory & Compatibility

Disk Space & Partitioning

Installation Media & Methods

OS Installation

Customization

References

RedHat Fedora 15 Installation GuideRedHat Fedora Support – Documentation

Evard’s System Life Cycle

NewNew

CleanClean

Build

ConfigureConfigureInitializeUnknownUnknown

Entropy

Debug

OffOff

Retire

Update

Rebuild

Getting started

Pick OS, vendor, & versionInstallation mediaRead vendor documentationHW Drivers? Directly Supported? Downloadable?

Hardware Inventory

CPU/Motherboard/MemoryHard Drive(s) & PartitionsKeyboard/MouseCD/DVDGraphics Card/MonitorSoundNetworking

Gathering the Hardware Info

PC vendor documentationPeripheral documentationWinXP, or Win7 if installed

Record all information in Wiki

Hardware Info – Windows 7

System Properties General Tab Device manager

Disk Usage - Disk Manager Partitions Free Space

Network Settings – TCP/IP Properties Address/Subnet Mask Gateway DNS Configuration

Dr. Hardware Sysinfo Tool

www.dr-hardware.com

Fedora 16 Requirements

Text Mode CPU: 200MHz Pentium-class+ Memory: 768 MB

Graphics (X Windows) Mode CPU: 400MHz Pentium Pro Memory

Minimum: 768MB Recommended: 1152MB+

Disk Repartitioning

Destructive – fdisk/gparted

Non-destructive Split a larger partition into 2 or more

smaller ones Must defragment the partition first ntfsresize Commercial tools ALWAYS back data up first!!!

Fedora Installation Sources

Live CDDVDMinimal

CD Boot USB Boot Rescue Boot

Network NFS Image FTP HTTP PXE

Installation from Media

Language SelectionKeyboard/MousePartitioning Boot Loader ConfiguraionNetwork ConfigurationRoot Account CreationImage copied from CD

Disk Partitioning

Create partitions on available drivesLists existing partitions/filesystem typesPartition information Mount point Linux device Requested/actual space Filesystem type

Need native and swap partitions

Minimum Partition Sizes

DirectoryDirectory Min. SizeMin. Size

/ 250MB

/boot 250MB

/usr 250MB

/tmp 50MB

/var* 384MB

/home 100MB

* Will need more in order to patch the system the first time

Linux Drive Names

Floppy Disk - /dev/fd0CDROM Drive - /dev/cdromHard Drives - /dev/hdXY X – drive number (a-d) Y – Partition number (1-9) Example: /dev/hda5 (drive a, partition

5)

SCSI/USB Devices - /dev/sdXY

Swap Partitions

Extends the amount of RAM installed

Classic UNIX Rule of Thumb Swap partition should be twice the

size of RAM installed Can get by with much less under

Linux

Fedora Swap Requirements

RAMRAM Min. Swap SizeMin. Swap Size

>= 4GB 2 GB

4GB – 16GB 4 GB

16GB – 64GB 8 GB

64GB – 256GB 16 GB

256GB – 512GB 32 GB

GRUB Boot loader

GRand Unified BootloaderInstalled on the primary hard drive Provides a menu to boot installed Operating SystemsCan modify for special boot modesPassword protection

Root Account

Superuser (Administrator in Windows)System Administration accountUnlimited access to everythingShould use only when neededPrinciple of Least Privilege

Post Media Installation

License agreementFirewall – Enable only what you needSELinux – More on this laterDate/Time Manual Time Server

User account Creation

Installation Testing

Boot Messages Display Devices found List services started Watch for any error messages

Login Prompt

System Patches

Fix bugs discovered after version releaseNotification Vendor email lists Security Announcements (i.e. CERT)

Automated systems Fedora & RedHat: yum Microsoft: Windows Update

Shutting Down

Do not just turn off!!!Control-Alt-DeleteCommand Line shutdown –h [-P] halt reboot

Dual-Boot Installations

Installation of more than 1 OS on systemOS chosen at boot time (e.g.: Grub)Space Allocation PlanningVirtualization VMWare Virtual PC Xen/UML Application level (wine)

VMWare Server/Workstation

Source: VMWare, Inc.

VMWare ESX

Source: VMWare, Inc.

Large Deployments

Automated OS Installation Minimizes Mistakes & Non-uniformity Examples: RedHat KickStart, Windows AIK

Partially Automated Each station requires minor tweaking

Cloning Images based on Golden Machine Example: Ghost

Checklists!!!Templates

Large Scale Patching/Updating

Fully Automated?Gradual Rollout One Some Many

Document process