[Os 213] Lec 05.2 Drugs for Rti

1
Mark, Cristina, Kevin UPCM 2016 B: XVI, Walang Kapantay! 1 of 1 OS 213: Circulation and Respiration LEC 05.2: ANTIBACTERIALS FOR RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Exam 2 | Cecilia C. MarambaLazarte, MD| August 23, 2012 OUTLINE I. Antibacterials for RTI A. Viral Respiratory Infections B. Choice of Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections C. Recommended Antibiotics for Pedia CAP II. Review of Antibiotics A. Penicillin B. Cephalosporins C. Macrolides D. Quinolones This trans was based on the printout of slides of Dr. Maramba. I. ANTIBACTERIALS FOR RTI A. VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Many respiratory diseases may be viral in origin and does not require antibiotics o Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Rubella, Corona Virus, Parainfluenza Consider Efficacy, Safety and Cost o Efficacy: based on target pathogens and prevailing resistance in locality o Local epidemiology, Age, Severity of Illness, Comorbidities, HospitalAcquired B. CHOICE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Table 1. BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Pharyngitis Group A Streptococcus Otitis media S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae Epiglottitis H. influenzae Bronchitis Sinusitis Pneumonia S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae Lung Abscess Anaerobes Table 2. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (%) by Disc Diffusion DOH antimicrobial resistance surveillance JanDec 2010 Pathogen Ampi Chloro Coamox Cotri Pen Erythro Cefu Strep. pneumo 0 5.9 0 21.1 0 3.3 0 H. influenza 16.5 12 0 34.5 0 M. catarrhalis 24.2 17.1 47.6 45.9 0 S. aureus 95.3 6.3 5.8 54 8.7 0 C. RECOMMENDED ANTIBIOTICS FOR PEDIA CAP Table 3. ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR PEDIA CAP Age Suspected Organism Empiric Therapy Alternative Therapy 02 months Gram () Bacilli Ampicillin + Aminogly 3 rd gen Ceph + Aminoglycoside Mild Amoxicillin Severe Pen G 2 nd or 3 rd gen Cephalosporin 3 mos – 5 years H. influenza, S. pneumonia, S. aureus Very Severe Chloramphen. 3 rd gen Cephalosporin >5 yrs S. pneumoniae Pen G 2 nd or 3 rd gen Cephalosporin Hospital Acquired S. aureus, Gram () bacilli Ceftazidime Piperacillin Tazobactam ACCORDING TO RISK STRATIFICATION & LIKELY ETIOLOGY CAP Low risk CAP Moderate risk CAP High risk HAP Other etiologies Table 4. LOW RISK CAP Likely Pathogens Empiric Therapy Previously healthy: Amoxicillin or extended macrolide S pneumonia H influenzae C pneumoniae M pneumoniae M catarrhalis With stable comorbid illness: Coamoxyclav OR 2nd gen cephalosporin OR extended macrolides Table 5. MODERATE RISK CAP Likely Pathogens Empiric Therapy Previously healthy: Amoxicillin or extended macrolide S pneumonia H influenzae C pneumoniae M pneumoniae M catarrhalis With stable comorbid illness: Coamoxyclav OR 2nd gen cephalosporin OR extended macrolides Table 5. HIGH RISK CAP Likely Pathogens Empiric Therapy Previously healthy: Amoxicillin or extended macrolide S pneumonia H influenzae C pneumoniae M pneumoniae M catarrhalis With stable comorbid illness: Coamoxyclav OR 2nd gen cephalosporin OR extended macrolides

description

rti ther

Transcript of [Os 213] Lec 05.2 Drugs for Rti

Page 1: [Os 213] Lec 05.2 Drugs for Rti

 

Mark,  Cristina,  Kevin   UPCM  2016  B:  XVI,  Walang  Kapantay!   1  of  1    

OS  213:  Circulation  and  Respiration  LEC  05.2:  ANTIBACTERIALS  FOR  RESPIRATORY  TRACT  INFECTIONS  

Exam  2  |  Cecilia  C.  Maramba-­‐Lazarte,  MD|  August  23,  2012  

OUTLINE    I. Antibacterials  for  RTI  

A. Viral  Respiratory  Infections  B. Choice  of  Antibiotics  for  

Bacterial  Infections  C. Recommended  Antibiotics  for  

Pedia  CAP    

II. Review  of  Antibiotics  A. Penicillin  B. Cephalosporins  C. Macrolides  D. Quinolones  

This  trans  was  based  on  the  print-­‐out  of  slides  of  Dr.  Maramba.        

I.  ANTIBACTERIALS  FOR  RTI    

A.  VIRAL  RESPIRATORY  INFECTIONS  • Many  respiratory  diseases  may  be  viral  in  origin  and  does  not  require  antibiotics  o Rhinovirus,  Adenovirus,  Rubella,  Corona  Virus,  Parainfluenza  

• Consider  Efficacy,  Safety  and  Cost  o Efficacy:  based  on  target  pathogens  and  prevailing  resistance  in  locality  

o Local  epidemiology,  Age,  Severity  of  Illness,  Co-­‐morbidities,  Hospital-­‐Acquired  

 B.  CHOICE  OF  ANTIBIOTICS  FOR  BACTERIAL  INFECTIONS  

 Table  1.  BACTERIAL  ETIOLOGY  OF  RESPIRATORY  TRACT  INFECTIONS  Pharyngitis   Group  A  Streptococcus  Otitis  media   S.  pneumoniae,  H.  influenzae  Epiglottitis   H.  influenzae  Bronchitis    Sinusitis    

Pneumonia   S.  pneumoniae,  H.  influenzae  Lung  Abscess   Anaerobes  

 Table  2.  ANTIMICROBIAL  RESISTANCE  (%)  by  Disc  Diffusion  DOH  

antimicrobial  resistance  surveillance  Jan-­‐Dec  2010  Pathogen   Ampi   Chloro   Coamox   Cotri   Pen   Erythro   Cefu  Strep.  pneumo  

0   5.9   0   21.1   0   3.3   0  

H.  influenza  

16.5   12   0   34.5       0  

M.  catarrhalis  

24.2     17.1   47.6     45.9   0  

S.  aureus     95.3   6.3   5.8   54   8.7   0    

C.  RECOMMENDED  ANTIBIOTICS  FOR  PEDIA  CAP    

Table  3.  ANTIBIOTIC  THERAPY  FOR  PEDIA  CAP    

Age   Suspected  Organism   Empiric  Therapy  

Alternative  Therapy  

0-­‐2  months  

Gram  (-­‐)  Bacilli   Ampicillin   +  Aminogly  

3rd   gen   Ceph   +  Aminoglycoside  

Mild   Amoxicillin  Severe   Pen  G  

2nd   or   3rd   gen  Cephalosporin  

3  mos  –  5  years  

H.   influenza,  S.   pneumonia,  S.  aureus    

Very  Severe  

Chloramphen.   3rd   gen  Cephalosporin  

>5  yrs   S.  pneumoniae   Pen  G   2nd   or   3rd   gen  Cephalosporin  

Hospital  Acquired  

S.  aureus,  Gram  (-­‐)  bacilli   Ceftazidime   Piperacillin-­‐  Tazobactam  

 

 ACCORDING  TO  RISK  STRATIFICATION  &  LIKELY  ETIOLOGY  

• CAP  Low  risk    • CAP  Moderate  risk  • CAP  High  risk  • HAP  • Other  etiologies        

Table  4.  LOW  RISK  CAP  Likely  Pathogens   Empiric  Therapy  

Previously  healthy:  Amoxicillin  or  extended  macrolide  

S  pneumonia  H  influenzae  C  pneumoniae  M  pneumoniae  M  catarrhalis  

With  stable  comorbid  illness:  Coamoxyclav  OR  2nd  gen  cephalosporin  OR  extended  macrolides  

 Table  5.  MODERATE  RISK  CAP  

Likely  Pathogens   Empiric  Therapy  Previously  healthy:  Amoxicillin  or  extended  macrolide  

S  pneumonia  H  influenzae  C  pneumoniae  M  pneumoniae  M  catarrhalis  

With  stable  comorbid  illness:  Coamoxyclav  OR  2nd  gen  cephalosporin  OR  extended  macrolides  

 Table  5.  HIGH  RISK  CAP  

Likely  Pathogens   Empiric  Therapy  Previously  healthy:  Amoxicillin  or  extended  macrolide  

S  pneumonia  H  influenzae  C  pneumoniae  M  pneumoniae  M  catarrhalis  

With  stable  comorbid  illness:  Coamoxyclav  OR  2nd  gen  cephalosporin  OR  extended  macrolides