Ornamental Plant Diseases and Their Managements
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ORNAMENTALPLANT DISEASES
AND THEIRMANAGEMENTS
CECIRLY G. PUIG USeP, CARS,Mabini ComValPre en!e" #or
$IDI,
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Physiological
Disorders are those caused byvarious environmentalfactors, rather thanbiological agents
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Disorders Include
Too m+%& li!!le -a!erToo m+%& li!!le li &!Too li!!le &+mi"i!/0r+i inToo m+%& li!!le#er!ili1erS+""en ri e #all o#!em2era!+rePlan! i !oo bi #or i!2o!
No Pathogen involved
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First Aid for DiseasedOrnamental Plants!
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Ca+ e3 Too m+%& -a!er.
Lo-er lea4e !+rn /ello-So#! !em an" "ar5 in%olorSo / oil an" reen%+m #orm on 2o!
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le -a!er or!oo m+%& &ea!.
Lea# e" e "r/ an" %+rl +n"erLo-er lea4e !+rn /ello- -bro-n 2o! an" #allCa%!i an" +%%+len! be%ome/ello-e"
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too m+%& li &!6+n %or%&
Yello- or bro-n 2a!%&e on!&e lea4eLea4e on one i"e !+rnbro-nCa%!i be%ome ello-
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le li &!.
S!em !re!%& !o-ar" !&e li &!o+r%e an" ro- 4er/ lonLea4e on ne- !em are 2ale7%olore" an" mall
On %a%!i, !&e ne- ro-!& loo5-ea5
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le&+mi"i!/.
Lea# e" e !+rn bro-n,an" e4en!+all/ lea4e
"ie an" #all o8.
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 0r+i in
Lea# !i2 !+rn bro-n,e 2e%iall/ on #ernLea4e or !em a22ear !obe %r+ &e" or bro5en
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too m+%er!ili1er.
Ne- ro-!& i ra2i" b+! -ea5 an"!&e 2lan! -il!A -&i!e %r+ ! o# b+il"7+2 al!"e4elo2 on !&e +r#a%e o# !&eoil 2o!
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le#er!ili1er.
Lea4e #a"e !o a 2ale reenLo-er lea4e !+rn /ello- an" "ro2 o8 Ne- lea4e are mall or ro-!& !o2
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 S+""en ri e or #allin !em2era!+re.
Lea4e !+rn /ello- an" #all o8+""enl/Plan! !i +e a22ear la / an"!ran l+%en!
What to do?
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Ca+ e3 Plan! i !oo bi #ori! 2o!.
Plan! a22ear %ro-"e"Roo! 2ro!r+"e #rom !&e "raina e &ole or%ro2 o+! on !o2 o# !&e oil
Plan! -il! be!-een -a!erinPro"+%e onl/ a #e- mall lea4e
What to do?Re2o! !&e 2lan! in
a lar er%on!ainer.
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Disease
Interaction between
the lant and aathogen that disru tsthe normal growth anda earance of thelant
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Cro-n Gall ( Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)
alls at the base ofthe stem or root crownor on other lant arts
Mana emen!S!eaminolari1a!ionSani!a!ionDi in#e%! !ool
7
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7(Rhizoctonia solani,Pythium
s #, etc#$
%eedlings rot at or belowthe soil line and are &illed#Pre'emergence( ost'emergence dam ing'o) If the roblem is caused
by Pythium, it usuallybegins at the root ti s#
Mana emen!ood drainage *raisedbeds, leveled +elds$areful irrigation
Planting when soil andair tem eratures arefavorable for ra idseedling emergencePro er de th ands acing of lanting%eed treatments, anddrenches of soilfungicides
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$+ ari+m 9il!(Fusarium oxysporum $
-ellowing and stunting of olderlants and yellowing, stunting,and death of seedlings#Plants wilt readily, lower leavesyellow and dry, the .ylem tissuesturn brown, and the lant maydie#
early stages/ roots are not rottedcarnation and gladiolus/ thesym toms may be one'sided at+rst#
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Mana emen!
%eeds/ hot'water treatment0fungicide'coateduse of resistant cultivars1iming soils and using nitratenitrogen fertili2er have beene)ective for management
of Fusarium oxysporum onchrysanthemum, aster, gladiolus
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yCrown Rots
(Phytophthora s #$Plants become stunted, lowin vigor, and a ear as ifthey were water stressed# Foliage yellows and thelant may wilt and die#3oots rot and stem isgirdled by the fungi at orbelow the soil line,resulting in a dar& brownrot#
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Mana emen!
roviding good drainage and watermanagementlean lanting materials%anitation%oil solari2ation ( heat treatment
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P&/!o2la ma
yellowing and dwar+ng, distorted foliage,and the abnormal roduction of shoots#Flowers may not develo normally and
are often re laced by green leafystructures#
4anagement/ontrol the insect vectors%anitation
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Mana emen!
use of resistant cultivarsincreased air movement around thelants in the greenhouse(nursery
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Pythium 3oot 3ot ( Pythium s # $
A ttac&s 5uvenile tissues suchas the root ti #6lac& rot of the entire rimaryroot and may even move u
into the stem tissue#7nder wet conditions broughtabout by oor soil drainage ore.cess irrigation, more andmore roots are &illed and the
lant may wilt, sto growing,or even colla se and die#6ulbs of susce tible lantsturn blac&, graduallydesiccate, and form a hard
mummy#
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Mana emen!
ood drainage%anitation%oil solari2ation(heat treatment
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Rust ( Puccinia s # and others $
3ust ustules a ear asowdery masses ofyellow, orange, ur le,
blac&, or brown s ores onleaves and sometimes onstems#
Pustules are usuallyfound on the undersidesof leaves#
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Mana emen!
hot water treatment of cuttingseliminate alternate hosts if theyoccur and rune o) infected stal&sAvoid overhead irrigation
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Blight ( #clerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, etc$ $
basal stem rots *cottonyrot$
discoloration of lowerleaves, wilting, lantcolla se, and death#
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Mana emen!
hot water treatment of lantingmaterials8eat treatment or solari2ation ofotting medium
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Black rot
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Mana emen!
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Roo! Ro!
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Ascochyta
Ascochyta leafsym toms Ascochyta stem
sym toms
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Disease Symptoms Pathogen/Cause Management
ASCOCHYTARAY BLIGHT
Flowerdevelopment isretarded on oneside of the b d!"etals e#hibit a
browndis$oloration!Brownin% and
bla$&enin% e#tendsdown the stem'
$a sin% the flowerto droop! Brown to
bla$& irre% larl(shaped spotsdevelop on leaves!
Ascochyta(Mycosphaerella)
Avoid overheadirri%ation! Appl($hlorothalonil'
propi$ona)ole'fl dio#onil' $opperh(dro#ide'iprodione' orthiophanate meth(l* man$o)eb as afoliar spra(!
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6acterial 6light
6acterial blight*9rwinia$#
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BACT+RIALBLIGHT
C ttin%s t rn dar& brown and$ollapse!S rvivin% $ ttin%sma( be infe$ted
b t have nos(mptoms!+stablished plantswilt d rin% the da(when infe$ted andre$over at ni%ht!
Erwiniachrysanthemi
" r$hase $ lt re,inde#ed $ ttin%sthat are free of the
patho%en!-isinfe$t
propa%ation beds between $rops!-estro( infe$ted$ ttin%s!
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6acterial 1eaf s ot
6acterial leaf s ot*Pseudomonas$#
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BACT+RIALL+AF S"OT
Small dar& brownto bla$& spots onlower leavesenlar%e and be$ome
irre% lar in shape!.hen infe$tedleaves dr(' thespots be$ome
brittle and $ra$&!The disease oftenspreads p plants inone side of the pot'event all( to theflowers!
Pseudomonascichorii
-o not plantinfe$ted $ ttin%s!
Avoid overheadirri%ation! .ater ina manner that &eepsleaf s rfa$es dr( atall times! "rote$t
plants %rowno tdoors fromsplashin%!
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Foliar nematode
Foliar nematodesym toms#
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arnation/ Alternaria leaf s ot
Alternaria leaf s ot
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ALTERNARIALEA$ SPOT
Small
2+r2li &2o! #orm onlea4e . T&eir%en!erbe%omebro-n -&ile!&e lea#/ello- .
Alternariadianthicola or
Alternaria
dianthi
A22l/%&loro!&alonil,2ro2i%ona1ol
e, :+"io;onil,%o22er&/"ro;i"e,i2ro"ione,man%o1eb, orman%o1eb
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R+ !
3ust
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RUST
Small bli !er%on!aininr+ !7re"2ore #orm
on lea4e .
Uromycesdianthi
A22l/%&loro!&alonil,2ro2i%ona1ol
e,m/%lob+!anil,1iram,man%o1eb
me!&/l,!ria"ime#on,or !ri#orine !o2ro!e%!&eal!&/2lan! .
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6otrytis etal blight
6otrytis etal blight
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%ym toms/%traw'colored tolight brown rot ofthe lower, olderortion of the :owerFlower surface ;covered with gray,fu22y masses ofs ores of the fungus
4anagement/%anitation ; removeand burn infectedtissues, rottinglants, other debrisA ly fungicidals rays to thefoliage to reventcoloni2ation ofsenescent leaves#
P 4 !i i 0 !!
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Pre4en!ion i 0e!!er!&an CURE===
C+l!+ral Mana emen!&o+l" be !ri%!l/
#ollo-e".
I! symptoms persist"call a plant pathologist#$
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-our Plant Doctors/
P&ili22ine P&/!o2a!&olo i%alSo%ie!/, In%.
>So+!&ern Min"anao Di4i ion?
CECIRLY G. PUIGAsst# Professor > @< B
ontact/ 4obile ; >B@BC