Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood
description
Transcript of Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood
![Page 1: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Origins of MJO in central, equatorial IndianOcean
Mechanisms for initiation notwell understood
MJO affects:
Monsoons (Onset and Intensity)
TC activity in all 3 ocean basins
Teleconnections to mid-latitudes
Coupling to ENSO (influencesonset, intensification and irregularity of ENSO)
DYNAMO---DYNAmics of the MJO
Defined phases of the MJO
![Page 2: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AMIE and CINDY/DYNAMO Sites
CINDY2011/DYNAMO
AMIE-Manus
AMIE-Gan
![Page 3: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DYNAMO—Fall 2011
GOAL:
• Improve the understanding of MJO initiation processes
OBJECTIVES:
• Collect observations in the equatorial Indian Ocean needed to understand MJO initiation
• Identify critical deficiencies in numerical models responsible for the low prediction skill of MJO initiation
• Provide observations that will assist in the improvement of model parameterizations
• Provide information that will enhance MJO monitoring and climate predictions on intraseasonal timescales
![Page 4: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Radar array in relation to DYNAMO Hypotheses
1. Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale
2. Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation
3. The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean
![Page 5: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sounding/Radar Array
Dick Johnson andPaul Ciesielskileading radiosondeprogram
![Page 6: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gan Ship radar 1
Ship radar 2Diego Garcia
DYNAMO observing network and TRMM 3B43 Oct-Dec precipitation climatology
![Page 7: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RV Revelle and RV Mirai:
• Scanning C-band and vertically-pointing W-band radars
Gan “Supersite”:
• DOE AMF2 radars: Could include scanning polarimetric X- and Ka-band radars and a vertically pointing W- or Ka-band radar
• Texas A&M SMART-Radar: Scanning C-band
• NCAR S-Polka radar: Scanning, polarized, dual wavelength (Ka- and S-band)
Radar array
![Page 8: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Strengths of individual radarsAMF2
• Vertically pointing W-band Doppler radars (also in ships):
° Non-precip & precip clouds° Light rain° Radiative heating
• X- and Ka-band polarimetric Doppler radars:° Air motions in clouds° Liquid water
SMART-R and ships• C-band Doppler radars:
° Convective and stratiform precipitation° Mesoscale air motions
S-PolKa• S- and Ka-band polarimetric Doppler radar:
° Hydrometeor type° Non- precip & precip clouds° Air motions° Humidity profile in relation to clouds° Boundary layer
![Page 9: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Geographic setting
Habitat islands
(linked by road)
Gan islandAddu Atoll
![Page 10: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Installation sites suggested by survey team
Spit
Addu Atoll
SPolKa
AMF2
![Page 11: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atmospheric Observations from the R/V Roger Revelle
![Page 12: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Atmospheric Observations from the Revelle
TOGA C-band Doppler RadarNOAA HSRL Doppler Lidar
NOAA W-band radarNCAR ISS
Aerosol measurementsAir-sea fluxes
![Page 13: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Who is involved…
• Brewer/Wolfe/Fairall– W-band radar, high resolution lidar
• Rutledge– C-band scanning Doppler radar
• Johnson/Brown (NCAR)– Ship Integrated Sounding System, 915 MHz profiler and
radiosonde• Bates
– Aerosol, CCN measurements
![Page 14: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NASA-TOGA radar
• Used successfully in TOGA COARE and elsewhere• 5 cm Doppler radar, single polarization• State of the art signal processor upgrade done• NASA/Wallops personnel and Bob Bowie from
CHILL traveling to Darwin now for radar installation next week
![Page 15: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Objectives for TOGA based research• Document 3-D structure of precipitating clouds over the
course of MJO initiation and link to moisture field• Characterize convective and mesoscale structure, and degree
of convective organization and link to environmental shear • Estimate divergence profiles from VAD scans to diagnose
heating profiles and the nature of these profiles as the MJO evolves
• Document the 2-D flow structure in organized convective systems and compare to conceptual models for momentum transport
• Produce high quality rain maps based on TOGA reflectivity data (S-polKa polarimetric data will help develop appropriate Z-R relationships)
![Page 16: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Light wind and post MJOwesterly phase
Pre-MJO and at leadingportion of MJO
Rickenbach andRutledge (1998)
TOGA COARE observations of mesoscale organization and rainfall contributions
![Page 17: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
R/V RevelleBuilt: 1996Length: 277’Beam: 52'5”Draft (max): 17’Crew: 22Scientific berthing: 37
http://shipsked.ucsd.edu/Ships/Roger_Revelle/
![Page 18: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Revelle O2 deck Placement w/ PMEL Frames
ES
RL
(W-B
and)
TOGA Radar
ESRL (Lidar)
Tip cal
![Page 19: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example of similar installation on the R/V Ronald Brown
![Page 20: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Project Timeline
1-OCT 1- NOV 1-DEC 1-JAN 1-FEB 1-MAR 1-APR
EOP
AMF2, SMART-R, Darwin, Manus
S-PolKa, RV Revelle, RV Sagar-Kenya and RV Southern
Surveyor (plus EOP observations)
RV Mirai (plus IOP observations)
![Page 21: Origins of MJO in central, equatorial Indian Ocean Mechanisms for initiation not well understood](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815530550346895dc30a8e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Cruise 1, 29 August to 26 September, Darwin to Phuket Thailand
• Cruise 2, Sept 29 to 31 Oct. Port: TBD soon
• Cruise 3, Nov 5 to 10 December. Port: TBD soon
• Cruise 4, Dec 13 to 5 Jan. Port: TBD soon
• Cruise 5, 11 Jan to 16 Feb, ending at Capetwon where the radar will be removed.
12/9/2010 CSU-CHILL Update 21