Origins and ImplicationsOrigins and Implications

Principles of Emergency Principles of Emergency ManagementManagement

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

Describe the barriers to defining a Describe the barriers to defining a common set of principles for emergency common set of principles for emergency management and Homeland Security.management and Homeland Security.

Discuss the development of the current set Discuss the development of the current set of principles and their strengths and of principles and their strengths and weaknesses.weaknesses.

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

Identify the similarities and differences Identify the similarities and differences between Homeland Security and between Homeland Security and emergency management.emergency management.

Discuss how the principles could be Discuss how the principles could be adapted for use in both emergency adapted for use in both emergency management and Homeland Security.management and Homeland Security.

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Define what is meant by a “principle”Define what is meant by a “principle”

Possible DefinitionsPossible Definitions

Webster’s New World DictionaryWebster’s New World DictionaryA fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or A fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or

motivating force upon which others are basedmotivating force upon which others are basedOther definitionsOther definitions

A basic truth or law or assumptionA basic truth or law or assumptionA rule or standard especially of good behaviorA rule or standard especially of good behaviorA basic generalization that is accepted as true A basic generalization that is accepted as true

and can be used as a basis for reasoning or and can be used as a basis for reasoning or conductconduct

Definition of PrinciplesDefinition of Principles

No easy answersNo easy answers ““research indicates that many if not most research indicates that many if not most

hazard, disaster, emergency management hazard, disaster, emergency management and related organizations have difficulty and related organizations have difficulty deciding what a “principle” is as opposed to a deciding what a “principle” is as opposed to a goal, value, strategy, practice, philosophical goal, value, strategy, practice, philosophical orientation, task, objective, core topic, etc.” orientation, task, objective, core topic, etc.” Ian DavisIan Davis

Reasons for Divergence in Reasons for Divergence in DefinitionsDefinitions

Differences in fundamental values and Differences in fundamental values and organizational mandates organizational mandates

Addressing disaster management from Addressing disaster management from different operational perspectives different operational perspectives

Working in different parts of the disaster Working in different parts of the disaster management spectrum management spectrum

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Given the three reasons for divergence, Given the three reasons for divergence, what differences might exist between what differences might exist between emergency management and homeland emergency management and homeland security?security?

Points of DivergencePoints of DivergenceEmergency ManagementEmergency Management

Values & MandatesValues & Mandates Relieve suffering Relieve suffering

through mitigation and through mitigation and responseresponse

Operational PerspectivesOperational Perspectives Response is a phaseResponse is a phase

SpectrumSpectrum Mitigation and recovery Mitigation and recovery

share equal weight with share equal weight with responseresponse

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security Values and MandatesValues and Mandates

Detect and deter terrorismDetect and deter terrorism

Operational PerspectivesOperational Perspectives Response is an end in Response is an end in

itselfitself SpectrumSpectrum

Response-centricResponse-centric Prevention is different Prevention is different

from mitigationfrom mitigation

Other Points of DivergenceOther Points of Divergence

Emergency managers favor an all-hazards Emergency managers favor an all-hazards approach; homeland security favors approach; homeland security favors scenario-based planningscenario-based planning

Emergency managers recognize the need Emergency managers recognize the need for both formal and informal response for both formal and informal response mechanisms; homeland security favors a mechanisms; homeland security favors a centralized coordinating system.centralized coordinating system.

Other Points of DivergenceOther Points of Divergence

Emergency managers are moving towards Emergency managers are moving towards standards-based programs; homeland standards-based programs; homeland security has no standards on which to security has no standards on which to base programs.base programs.

Emergency managers are moving towards Emergency managers are moving towards evidence-based planning based on fifty evidence-based planning based on fifty years of research literature; homeland years of research literature; homeland security is a new discipline with a limited security is a new discipline with a limited knowledge base.knowledge base.

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Discuss: Discuss: Why are principles important?Why are principles important?What value can they add to an organization?What value can they add to an organization?

Why Are Principles Important?Why Are Principles Important?

Allow for the creation of more coherent Allow for the creation of more coherent sets of policies and procedures. sets of policies and procedures.

Provide an ethical base for action. Provide an ethical base for action. Guide various elements in disaster Guide various elements in disaster

planning and implementation.planning and implementation.

Origins of the POEM ProjectOrigins of the POEM Project

Email from IAEM President Mike Selves to Email from IAEM President Mike Selves to Wayne BlanchardWayne BlanchardLack of understanding of what emergency Lack of understanding of what emergency

managers do. managers do. Emergency management lacked a definition Emergency management lacked a definition

and a strong theoretical underpinning. and a strong theoretical underpinning. An accepted set of principles could be used to An accepted set of principles could be used to

educate federal employees and elected educate federal employees and elected officialsofficials

Origins of the POEM ProjectOrigins of the POEM Project

Blanchard at the direction of Cortez Blanchard at the direction of Cortez Lawrence, EMI Director convenes working Lawrence, EMI Director convenes working groupgroup

Working group identifies eight principles Working group identifies eight principles and a definition and vision for EMand a definition and vision for EM

Work group members gain adoption of the Work group members gain adoption of the principles by major EM organizationsprinciples by major EM organizations

Principle HierarchyPrinciple Hierarchy

Level 1. Ethical, Core Value Principles, Level 1. Ethical, Core Value Principles, which relate to the underlying shared which relate to the underlying shared beliefs and concerns of organizations beliefs and concerns of organizations

Level 2. Strategic Principles that concern Level 2. Strategic Principles that concern policy direction will be informed and be policy direction will be informed and be based upon the ethical principles based upon the ethical principles articulated in Level 1 articulated in Level 1

Principle HierarchyPrinciple Hierarchy

Level 3. Tactical Principles that concern Level 3. Tactical Principles that concern the practical outworking of the strategic the practical outworking of the strategic principlesprinciples

Level 4. Implementation Principles that are Level 4. Implementation Principles that are related to all the preceding levels: core related to all the preceding levels: core values, strategies and tactics values, strategies and tactics

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Where does the current Principles of Where does the current Principles of Emergency Management fall within the Emergency Management fall within the principle hierarchy?principle hierarchy?

What are the implications of being at this What are the implications of being at this level?level?

What are the implications for What are the implications for accomplishing lower levels?accomplishing lower levels?

Emergency ManagementEmergency Management

Emergency management is the Emergency management is the managerial function charged with creating managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. with disasters.

Homeland Security Homeland Security “Eco-system”“Eco-system”

1.1. TerrorismTerrorism

2.2. All HazardsAll Hazards

3.3. Terrorism and CatastrophesTerrorism and Catastrophes

4.4. Jurisdictional HazardsJurisdictional Hazards

5.5. Meta HazardsMeta Hazards

6.6. National Security National Security

7.7. Security above All Security above All

Alternative DefinitionsAlternative Definitions

Emergency management Emergency management local government function dedicated to local government function dedicated to

preserving life and property. preserving life and property. focused on science, facts, and the environmentfocused on science, facts, and the environment

Homeland security Homeland security Federal government function that looks Federal government function that looks

externally and targets organizations and externally and targets organizations and individuals who are threats to the US. individuals who are threats to the US.

focused on people, beliefs and ideology.focused on people, beliefs and ideology.

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Identify commonalities between Identify commonalities between emergency management and homeland emergency management and homeland security.security.

CommonalitiesCommonalities

MitigationMitigationCore component of EMCore component of EMPrevention key focus of HS, some limited Prevention key focus of HS, some limited

mitigationmitigationPreparednessPreparedness

EM focuses on increased capacity through EM focuses on increased capacity through building community resiliencebuilding community resilience

HS focus builds operational capabilitiesHS focus builds operational capabilities

CommonalitiesCommonalities

ResponseResponseEM focuses on relief to victim sufferingEM focuses on relief to victim sufferingHS focuses on restoring critical infrastructure HS focuses on restoring critical infrastructure

and investigationand investigationRecoveryRecovery

EM focuses on community restoration for all EM focuses on community restoration for all eventsevents

HS focuses on catastrophic eventsHS focuses on catastrophic events

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Given the divergence between the two Given the divergence between the two disciplines and the differences even where disciplines and the differences even where they have areas in common, can the they have areas in common, can the Principles of Emergency Management be Principles of Emergency Management be adapted to guide both?adapted to guide both?

ConclusionConclusion

Emergency management and homeland Emergency management and homeland security share many commonalities, security share many commonalities, suggesting that it may be possible to suggesting that it may be possible to develop a common set of principles. develop a common set of principles.

In many cases, there is congruence at the In many cases, there is congruence at the higher strategic level but considerable higher strategic level but considerable divergence at the operational and divergence at the operational and implementation levels.implementation levels.

ConclusionConclusion

Despite these similarities, however, there Despite these similarities, however, there are differences in the fundamental frame are differences in the fundamental frame of reference for each discipline that may of reference for each discipline that may preclude the use of the Principles of preclude the use of the Principles of Emergency Management as they currently Emergency Management as they currently exist. exist.

Modifying the current Principles may well Modifying the current Principles may well degrade their utility to the emergency degrade their utility to the emergency management community.management community.