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FACTS ABOUT ESTONIA AND TALLINN

EVERLASTING FAIRYTALE

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES

BACKGROUND: THE DREAM OF EUROPE

– QUALITY OF LIFE

RESULTS

FUTURE TALLINN

PROGRAM OF CULTURAL EVENTS

FOR 2011

TWO NORDIC CITIES AS THE CAPITALS OF

CULTURE 2011 – TALLINN AND TURKU

ORGANISATION

BUDGET

MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION

A SINCERE THANK YOU TO

EVERYONE INVOLVED

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TallinnESTONIA

acts about estonia and tallinn

EPUBLIC OF ESTONIA

AREA: 45,227 km²

COASTLINE: 3,794 km

BORDERS: 633 km total, 339 km with Latvia

and 294 km with the Russian Federation

POPULATION (AS OF 2006): 1,345,000

LANGUAGE: Estonian

INDEPENDENCE: proclaimed on

February, 24th, 1918 and

internationally recognized since 1920.

Member of the European Union since

May, 1st, 2004 and of the NATO since

March, 29th, 2004.

GOVERNMENT TYPE: Parliamentary democracy

HEAD OF STATE: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves

NATIONAL COLOURS: blue-black-white

CAPITAL: TALLINN

AREA: 159.2 km²

POPULATION (AS OF 2006): 400,320

POPULATION DENSITY: 2,524.0/km²

COORDINATES: 59°26’ N 24°45’ E

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lthough home to many cultures, tallinn firmly

represents the character of the estonian people and their land.

originally a border and a fortress city, it is also known as a

garden city, a harbour, a destination for tourists and travellers

and a centre for industry and learning.

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allinn has been the lar-

gest city in Estonia for the

last 800 years. It was first

mentioned in written docu-

ments in 1154, and was gi-

ven its city rights shortly

afterwards in 1248.

EVERLASTING CITY. Tallinn must never be completed, but at

the same time, it must remain eternal. To it’s great fortune it

has survived the ravages of war and calamity. As a city, Tallinn

contains examples from every era of the architectural history

of Northern Europe, and since its diversity remains preserved

it now serves as a time capsule of styles from the 13th century

through to the present day.

INTERNATIONAL CITY. Walking the streets and lanes, it is

evident that the buildings of Tallinn are as diverse and mul-

ticultural as its people. Over the centuries, artisans and arc-

hitects from Germany, Russia, Sweden, Finland, and Italy

have worked with Estonians to create the city we see today.

Through immigration and occupation the appearance and

atmosphere of this beautiful city reflect the diversity of the

people who have built it both past and present.

CITY OF CITIES. Although home to many cultures, Tallinn

firmly represents the character of the Estonian people and

their land. Originally a border and a fortress city, it is also

known as a garden city, a harbour, a destination for tourists

and travellers and a centre for industry and learning. As the

capital, Tallinn is the focal point of the region increasingly att-

racting international attention.

GATEWAY CITY. Estonia’s most important crossroads can be

found in Tallinn, with roads and railways emanating outward

across Estonia reaching even by sea and air to the rest of the

world. Tallinn is the only gateway big enough to adequately

welcome the world to Estonia, and as the largest market

place in Estonia, it is also a gathering place full of thrift and

enterprise.

FIRST AND REPRESENTATIVE CITY. With its dominance in

finance and culture, it was inevitable that Tallinn would draw

political minds from Estonia’s regional centres. Although the

elders of old met in Raikküla, the declaration of independence

publicly announced in Pärnu, and the Treaty of Tartu signed

in Tartu, Tallinn is now Estonia’s seat of power. As a result, it

bares the responsibility of representing the Republic and its

culture to the world.

Stories about the distant land of Estonia were first told by the

ancient explorers Pytheas and Tacitus. It was said that in the

far north, at the last stop before the end of the world, there

was a strange country with inhabitants and customs like no

other. People knew about this place thanks to this tale, but

few, if any, ever saw it with their own eyes. One thousand

years later, Arab adventure seekers rediscovered this place. It

was at this time that the 12th-century geographer and scien-

tist, Al Idrisi, identified Tallinn as the “most important city” in

this northern country. It would be almost another thousand

years, before Tallinn, with the break-up of the USSR, would

finally become recognized for its unique location and cultural

importance in the region.

verlasting fairytale

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any ancient legends and

superstitions still persist

because, as a rule, people

prefer not to tempt fate. This

is also true of the residents of

Tallinn who tend to heed the

warnings of their forebears by respecting the legend of the

lake.

Lake Ülemiste is situated on a limestone plateau, high above

the old city of Tallinn. Except for Toompea Hill, the city itself,

situated along the seashore, rises only a few metres above sea

level. By comparison, Lake Ülemiste is 37.5 metres above sea

level. During times of flood, the lake water rises to just half a

metre below the rim of the lake, threatening the city with se-

vere flooding if it should burst its banks. The last time the lake

overflowed was at the end of 19th century, a disaster the city’s

population is always wary of. The lake has also been Tallinn’s

primary source of fresh water for more than five hundred ye-

ars. So Lake Ülemiste is the life-blood of the city while at the

same time an everlasting threat to its very existence.

According to the legend, every year at a specific time, an old

man emerges from the lake and knocks at the city gate. He

asks either the town guard or a random passer-by whether

the city is finally complete. Nobody knows exactly where he

comes from nor who he is, but everyone recognizes the old

man of Lake Ülemiste, a man from the other side.

There are many theories about the origin of this legend.

According to one, the lake was born of the tears of Linda, the

mother of Kalevipoeg, the central hero in Estonia’s national

epic. While mourning the death of her husband, Linda hea-

ped great stones over his tomb and these formed Toompea

hill while her tears formed the lake. Another version tells that

there was once a field where the lake is today, and a man

was ploughing in this field. Suddenly, an ominous rain cloud

loomed above him, and while everyone else was shouting, a

torrential downpour drowned the farmer and Lake Ülemiste

was born.

Through the centuries, the old man of Ülemiste, evil and ven-

geful by nature, has constantly asked whether the city of Tal-

linn is finished yet. If the answer is “yes”, he will flood the city

and drown its residents. Bearing this in mind, the residents

of Tallinn should always answer “No! The city is not ready, it is

still being built” (to this day, nobody knows how the old man

spends the rest of his year). The people of Tallinn are bound

to continue building the city, both in good times and bad, in

prosperity and poverty, while knowing full well that comple-

ting the city would bring its certain destruction. The water of

Lake Ülemiste serves both as the fountain of life and a conti-

nuous threat. Tallinn is a city that must never be completed.

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allinn’s cultural

program for 2011 follows the slogan ”everlasting

fairy tale”, suggesting that the impossible is

possible and that dreams can come true in 2011. the

city itself will be bridging the gap between what is

real and was once considered fantasy.

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allinn is a candidate for the ho-

nour of being the European Capi-

tal of Culture for 2011. This is part

of the cultural development ob-

jectives of the European Capital

of Culture, which will assist Tal-

linn in becoming a cultural centre

in decades to come.

Tallinn plans to make culture the corner stone of its develop-

ment program. By emphasizing and improving its creative

base, the program hopes to encourage and attract interest

from the far corners of the European community with its ge-

nerous appetite for all things cultural.

Tallinn’s leaders envisage being the cultural capital as one

part of a far reaching process of transforming urban spaces

into cultural centres and introducing Estonian culture to the

rest of Europe while helping Estonians create a new European

identity. The economic benefits of being the cultural capital

will extend outward across the whole of Estonia, improving

the nation’s standard of living, political influence and natio-

nal security.

Within the framework of the cultural capital, Tallinn hopes to

create and implement innovative approaches to both urban

and environmental design, leaning heavily on the intellec-

tual resources and cooperation of partners arriving from all

over Europe. In this way, Tallinn hopes to find the solutions it

needs to solve its unique challenges in the 21st century.

While preparing to be the cultural capital, Tallinn will follow

through with the plans described in the current application.

Namely, to devise a road map for developing the city in order

to unite the old and new, provide a modern standard of living

and remain committed to ergonomic and environmentally

friendly principles. Tallinn’s development will rely on creati-

vity, openness, multiculturalism, partnership and balance.

Everything that takes place in the city must take us towards

increased dynamism and balance; in other words, so that the

city moves quickly and confidently towards its goals, but at

the same time not forgetting its responsibility as the world’s

largest centre of Estonian culture. And while Tallinn receives

assistance from Europe, it also plans to give back to its bene-

factors in the form of new technology and processes that will

benefit everyone concerned.

The primary goals of Tallinn’s cultural program as the Euro-

pean Capital of Culture 2011 are: strengthening European va-

lues through co-operation, improving connections between

all the regions of Estonia, cultivating co-operation with other

European nations, improving the diversity of existing cultural

programs, developing interest among the international com-

munity towards Estonian culture, discovering new talent and

expanding social cohesion between Estonia and Europe.

Tallinn’s cultural program for 2011 follows the slogan ”Everlas-

ting Fairy Tale”, suggesting that the impossible is possible and

that dreams can come true in 2011. The city itself will be brid-

ging the gap between what is real and was once considered

fantasy.

To successfully realise its cultural program, Tallinn will be

working within an extensive international network of coope-

ration, establishing new contacts and working together with

its partner in the European Capital of Culture 2011 – the city

of Turku in Finland. In 2011, the Gulf of Finland will become a

unique cultural symbol of cooperation and progress like never

before.

The overall projected costs will be estimated on the basis of

the financial plans of former European Capitals of Culture. In

preparation, Tallinn must establish an independent founda-

tion that will coordinate and manage every task and require-

ment associated with the project. It will also be responsible

for coordinating various international teams, overseeing

project consultants and providing training (where needed)

as well as supervising marketing and media for the Capital of

Culture.

Upon completion of the program, Tallinn will possess an inf-

rastructure designed to empower the city well into the futu-

re, far beyond its tenure as the European Capital of Culture,

enabling Tallinn to host a continuous stream of high quality

international public events that will establish it as a “destina-

tion city” for culture tourism in Europe.

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the city of culture in the sea of culture

ummary

allinn acknowledges

the fact that being a new member

on the map of europe can attract

suspicion from some of the older

members. to many europeans,

tallinn is still more like a

mysterious fairy tale than

a reality.

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IMAGE

TOURISM

CULTURAL CREATION AND EXCHANGE

CREATIVE ECONOMY

INFRASTRUCTURE

allinn’s mission as the Euro-

pean Capital of Culture is to

create a cultural centre that

is supported on every level by

its urban community. Proving

in the process that a small

society built on a strong cul-

tural foundation can be as

much a success as that of lar-

ger nations.

In being the European Capital of Culture in 2011, Tallinn is

eager to celebrate the level of maturity it has attained after

being independent since 1991. As a free city, it has learned to

be independent; it has re-discovered itself and gained the

self-confidence to move boldly towards the future. The origi-

nal objectives of the European Capital of Culture seem pur-

pose-designed for Tallinn, despite the fact that back then its

creators could neither foresee the enlargement of the Euro-

pean Union nor Estonia becoming a member state. Tallinn

acknowledges the fact that being a new member on the map

of Europe can attract suspicion from some of the older mem-

bers. To many Europeans, Tallinn is still more like a mysterious

fairy tale than a reality.

As the European Capital of Culture, Tallinn will strive to deter-

mine its place in the European cultural scene, while simulta-

neously striving to maintain its fairy tale aura.

Every Capital of Culture is obliged to use its historical heritage

to enhance cultural diversity through urban development and

quality of life; to provide cultural creativity that would involve

all social strata through various activities; and to ensure that

the city can belong to an international intellectual network

through cultural co-operation. Bearing this in mind, Tallinn

has been following this strategy for many years, supported

by its people, culture and urban environment.

While preparing for the title of the European Capital of Cul-

ture, Tallinn will simultaneously be pursuing multiple long-

term cultural initiatives, continuing programs that already

exist and adding others that are still being developed. Many

of these programs are directed towards developing a new ge-

neration of artists and the patrons who will support them.

Working its way back to the European cultural map will requi-

re a flow of people, finance and ideas, and the honour of being

European Capital of Culture 2011 is only one part of the long

journey.

Tallinn has set the following as primary objectives in its role

as the European Capital of Culture:

• establishing an urban environment that focuses on furthe-

ring the development of the citizens’ creative activity and ini-

tiative, as well as allocating infrastructure and investments to

accommodate the increasing cultural needs of its citizenry

• creating guidelines for a creative economy that integrates

with Tallinn’s business community and becomes a part of the

city’s overall trademark

• promoting cultural communication between Estonia’s arts

community and that of other nations in Europe, developing

new projects and co-operation in order to make Tallinn an

open, multicultural city, while building the finance and deve-

lopment plans for existing and future public events. This will

provide Tallinn with sustainable growth and an international

reputation for the future

• ensuring Tallinn’s recognition as an essential and important

market and an attractive destination for cultural tourists-

market and an attractive destination for cultural tourists.

bjectivesback on the european

map and beyond

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penness, one of europe’s

principle values, has been crucial

in the development of tallinn’s

prosperity.

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ack to europe

As a candidate for the European Capital of Culture 2011, Tal-

linn and Estonia have the potential to return to the European

cultural map as full members, forming a new European iden-

tity.

Tallinn acknowledges that its fifty-year long occupation has

left a mark on the city and the mentality of its residents. Alt-

hough Tallinn has almost always been an open and interna-

tional city, a number of remnants from the past are not worth

retaining. Among the city’s residents, there still remains a

certain percentage of the population that views itself as neit-

her Estonian nor European. Beyond that, there are still more

to whom Europe still means “them”, not “us”.

The Capital of Culture program is structured to provide the

population of the host country with educational opportuniti-

es that will enrich the nation in the long term. In this regard,

the goal will be to help further integrate the Estonian popula-

tion into the EU. Tallinn joined the other great cities of Europe

as an EU capital only as recently as 2004.

Ever since 1990, Estonia has been experiencing rapid tran-

sition, leaving many of its citizens confused and unable to

adapt to their new situation. Estonian scepticism towards

the EU only began to fade with its acceptance into the EU as

a full member. Nonetheless, for many there is a suspicion that

the EU means “Brussels law” and “Brussels money”, a double-

edged sword that fails to provide equality in the treatment of

its diverse ethnic spectrum. The status of Capital of Culture

will provide the prestige to attract European virtue as well as

European funding.

comparable social environment

Improving quality of life must begin through individual ef-

fort. Without an effective city government prosperity cannot

exist. Tallinn has initiated new organizational models with

the objective of developing better government systems for

decision-making and planning that may ultimately benefit

all of Europe. The aim will be to develop innovative principles

and systems to be utilized in planning, education and social

services in cities as well as rural municipalities.

Openness, one of Europe’s principle values, has been crucial in

the development of Tallinn’s prosperity. After Estonia opened

its borders to the world, tourism has been the major source

of income, facilitating its emergence as the international ga-

teway to Estonia.

Though the growth of Tallinn sees no limits, the city is care-

ful to combine quality with quantity. So far, tourism has been

primarily developed by the private sector – and as a result,

not everyone has benefited equally from this relatively nar-

row market. Although Tallinn’s popularity has increased signi-

ficantly in recent years, it still has a long way to go in develo-

ping its cultural diversity and depth. To its neighbours, Tallinn

is known as a destination for entertainment and shopping,

and not necessarily for culture and education. The city’s sta-

tus as Capital of Culture will provide an opportunity to chan-

ge this image.

Ultimately, long-term and sustainable economic expansion

cannot be based on any single sector. It will require an inter-

national presence in order to develop Tallinn into a working

and living environment for the people of Europe, rather than

merely a weekend getaway.

Considering demographic trends in Estonia, the best chance

for growth in Tallinn’s population rests with international ra-

ther than national immigration. And since prosperity comes

with new people and new ideas, Tallinn must offer opportu-

nities that will attract immigration – for example, a hi-tech

based business sector in a unique historical environment – li-

terally speaking “a medieval urban space offering free wireless

networks and business opportunities”.

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ackground the dream of europe –

quality of life

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For years, Estonia has attracted international attention by

employing new technologies in its public sector to great ef-

fect. This serves as a foundation for developing new creative

industries, as well as for the efficient management of public

authority. As the Capital of Culture, Tallinn has its best oppor-

tunity to date of presenting itself as a hi-tech living and wor-

king environment within a city that is both medieval and con-

temporary. This new status would secure Tallinn’s reputation

as a city of history with a shining future.

accessible and safe

As the capital of Estonia, Tallinn is the business card for the

entire country, the economic and cultural engine and the seat

of power.

The appearance and substance of Tallinn impacts one’s ge-

neral impression of the whole of Estonia. In this way, Tallinn

can help to rid Estonia of epithets still used in Europe such as

“new” and “post-communist”. A Nordic city by tradition, it was

only occupation by the USSR that brought the erroneous sti-

gma of being a Russian based culture. Tallinn is eager to host

international events, as well as serve as the permanent host

for at least some EU institutions. International development

effectively takes place in countries where security and respect

for the environment are high priorities. The honour of being

the European Capital of Culture would be the ideal opportu-

nity for Tallinn to present itself as a safe, clean, hi-tech and

environmentally friendly European city aiming for sustainab-

le growth in the future.

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• if the citizens of Tallinn have more trust in the European

Union;

• the creative economy contributes a greater share to the

nation’s economy;

• the number of cultural events and attendance figures inc-

reases.

Tallinn is developing indicators and an evaluation system so

that the city will have a constant overview of this ongoing

process (evaluating Tallinn’s infrastructure, creative economy,

cultural creativity and exchange, tourism and overall image).

esults

The objectives of the European Capital of Culture will have

been attained if by the end of 2011:

• the residents of Tallinn think of themselves culturally as Eu-

ropeans and have managed to create stable relationships eit-

her through friendship, business or culture;

• the residents consider Tallinn to be a better place to live and

work;

• the infrastructure has become efficient and sustainable so

that Tallinn is ready to host high level international events;

• the strategic planning of Tallinn’s urban space and life can

be described as stable and sustainable;

• the city supports people creating culture;

• the creative economy has a strategically important part in

Tallinn’s economic growth;

• the Estonian capital and other Estonian cities and towns

obtain wider recognition as places that have always been a

part of European cultural life attracting both visitors and new

residents;

• the proportion of investments in the infrastructure of Esto-

nian culture has been increased in the city budget;

• the proportion of culture tourists increases compared to the

present numbers of shopping and entertainment tourists;

the end is only just the beginning

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he tradition of the song festival dates back

to 1869, when it became a catalyst for the emergence

of a national self-awareness during the period known as

the national awakening.

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n order to achieve its goals Tallinn

will consistently invest in its cultu-

ral infrastructure and urban envi-

ronment and develop hi-tech and

economic solutions for enhancing

the management, economy and

cultural life of the city. At the same

time, Tallinn plans to involve as

much private finance and initiative

as possible.

Through design and construction, Tallinn will initiate creative

development projects to achieve more diversified use of new

buildings and structures.

investments in cultural infrastructure 2007-2011 / ten ways to avoid drowning

THE POWER OF SONG. The tradition of the Song Festival da-

tes back to 1869, when it became a catalyst for the emergence

of a national self-awareness during the period known as the

national awakening. Song festival grounds around the count-

ry represent the most important symbol of the birth of Esto-

nian cultural identity. The current Song Festival Grounds in

Tallinn, built in 1959, cover 20 hectares – the stage under the

giant arch has room for approximately 30,000 performers

and the ground itself can host a crowd of hundreds of thous-

ands. In order to make use of this hallowed ground between

the song festivals, Tallinn plans to develop the complex into a

multifunctional environment for culture, entertainment and

leisure activities as a central part being integrated into the se-

aside district of Pirita in Tallinn.

FIRE WITHIN A CIRCLE. Vabaduse Square is currently Tallinn’s

central square and the venue for national parade events. The

Estonian government in co-operation with the city of Tallinn

has initiated a monument and memorial complex to com-

memorate the Estonian War of Independence to be built on

Vabaduse Square and completed by 2008. At the same time,

Tallinn intends to transform the present parking lot into an

Facility Investment

Tallinn Song Festival Grounds 11,5

Vabaduse Square and the Estonian War of

Independence Monument44,6

Tallinn City Theatre (Tallinna Linnateater) 19,0

Culture Cauldron (Kultuurikatel) 13,0

Tallinn City Concert Hall (Linnahall) 45,0

Tallinn Town Hall and sea promenade 57,5

Kadriorg and its museum district 5,7

Sakala Centre (Sakala Keskus) 57,5

Rocca al Mare Centre 95,5

Estonian Academy of Arts 32,0

The budget is in EUR million.

active leisure area for the residents of Tallinn. This area will

become an organic element of the “green belt” of the Old

Town of Tallinn, displaying the original fortifications dating

back to the 17th century.

MODERN MASKS / ANCIENT SCENES. Tallinn City Theatre is

the largest state funded repertoire theatre in Estonia, situa-

ted in the historic Old Town. By 2010, the theatre will obtain

a new large performance space in addition to the three hal-

ls currently in existence, thus marking the end of decades of

long work in reconstructing the historical Old Town complex

to serve the art of theatre.

NEW FIRE IN AN OLD FIREPLACE. In the building complex

of a former thermal power station established in 1912, and

located between the sea and the Old Town, Tallinn intends

to establish a Culture Cauldron (Kultuurikatel). The Culture

Cauldron aims to become a variation on the internationally

popular phenomenon known as culture factories. The Cultu-

re Cauldron will serve as a centre for alternative culture and

an incubator for the creative economy, providing a supportive

environment for artistic expression and freedom. The reconst-

ruction works for the complex should commence in 2008 – a

model of sustainable renovation is currently being developed.

uture tallinndifferent, although the same

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HAUNTED HOUSE COMES TO LIFE. Tallinn City Concert Hall

(Tallinna Linnahall) was built in 1980 to host the events of the

Olympic Yachting Regatta – the main building consists of a

concert hall seating 4,200 and an ice hall seating 3,000. To-

day, the building complex has partially fallen into disrepair,

but Tallinn plans to develop the Concert Hall to become the

largest conference centre in Tallinn with facilities to accom-

modate up to 2,000 guests. Located between the Culture

Cauldron and the Port of Tallinn, the premises of the City

Concert Hall will serve as a public venue for the residents of

Tallinn.

MIRACLES BORN FROM THE SEA FOAM. The history of

Tallinn’s Gothic Town Hall goes back to the thirteenth cen-

tury. With international support, Tallinn will begin designing

and constructing a new home for its city government in 2007

to last for the next 600 years. As the roads taken by Tallinn

residents always lead to the Town Hall, the city is developing

a recreation area surrounding the Town Hall, extending from

the City Concert Hall in the west along the shore to the Song

Festival Grounds in the east of the city.

TIMELESSNESS UNDER MAJESTIC TREES. The Russian Czar

Peter I occupied Estonia in the Great Northern War (1700-

1721), taking the land from Sweden. Kadriorg Park, 100 hec-

tares founded by Peter I, is the only park of French-Italian

style in Estonia. Reconstruction works on the general area

of the park are currently under way. The opening of the new

building for the Art Museum of Estonia in 2006 has helped to

retain the use of the park for cultural activities, making it an

important museum district. Kadriorg Park is also bordered by

the sea and the Song Festival Grounds, thus forming a vital

component of the cultural venues of Tallinn. The park is also

the location of the palace of the President of Estonia, which is

the site for many important national ceremonies.

A TOWER OF KNOWLEDGE RISING FROM THE ASHES. Sa-

kala Centre is a depreciated building complex in the heart of

Tallinn, built in the 1980s as a conference centre for the Com-

munist Party. In 2003, the state awarded building rights to

the private company, Uus Sakala. Uus Sakala plans to develop

the former communist building into a contemporary centre

for culture and recreation. The new Sakala Centre will house

a conference centre for 1,800 guests, a music theatre, a dance

studio, a multiplex cinema, an art house cinema, a jazz club,

restaurants, cafes, shops and galleries. Construction work

will commence in 2007.

MANY NATIONS UNDER THE ONE ROOF. The cultural cent-

re of the western part of Tallinn can be found in the Haabersti

district close to the sea. In addition to the historical Estonian

Open Air Museum, the area also includes Tallinn’s largest ice

arena, Saku Entertainment Centre and other facilities. Tallinn

plans to start building a new multifunctional centre in co-

operation with private investors in 2008. The new complex

will include hotels, sports facilities, concert halls and confe-

rence centres with the potential to host high calibre interna-

tional events.

THE WITCH’S KETTLE OF FINE ARTS. The only art university

in Estonia has been functioning for years in a run down buil-

ding in the centre of Tallinn. After a lengthy search for a new

location, the Estonian state budget strategy for 2007-2010

will now cover the reconstruction and renovation of the cur-

rent premises of the Estonian Academy of Arts.

the invisible becomes visible, the intangible tangible.

As it improves the city’s infrastructure, Tallinn will support

small-scale investment programs in order to be ready for the

European Capital of Culture. This will provide every resident

of Tallinn with an opportunity to contribute to the process of

providing the city with the necessary facelift.

THE KILOMETRE OF CULTURE. The coastal territory of Tal-

linn was a restricted industrial and border area during the

years of occupation (1940-1991). The objective of the Kilomet-

re of Culture project is to open up Tallinn’s seashore for both

locals and visitors. Extending from the historic Patarei prison

in the west round to the Song Festival Grounds in the east,

the seashore will offer an attractive place with opportunities

for people to enjoy their leisure time. The Kilometre of Culture

is going to be a public space that includes cafes, art galleri-

es, cycle tracks, concert halls, sports facilities and recreation

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areas for all age groups. The project will commence in 2007 in

co-operation with artists and the people of Tallinn who will

ultimately make use of this facility. In 2011, the space will be

set aside for an open art project in cooperation with the city

of Turku.

FOREVER YOUNG. The Old Town of Tallinn belongs to the

UNESCO World Heritage List and is a central part of the city’s

identity. One of the main priorities for Tallinn as the European

Capital of Culture is to value and develop the Old Town, while

retaining its atmosphere. The majority of Tallinn’s art galleri-

es, studios and museums are located here, thus making the

Old Town the focus for sightseeing and entertainment. Since

regaining its independence, Estonia has witnessed a drastic

change in ownership relations and business structures that

has left its mark on the Old Town. By the end of 2006, Tallinn

will commence a development plan to be prepared in co-ope-

ration with its residents, aimed at forming long-term housing

and business policies that would provide its residents a safe

and affordable living environment and at the same time make

the Old Town an attractive destination for sightseeing, cultu-

re and entertainment. By 2011, the development plan should

be effectively implemented.

NORDIC PEARL OF LIGHT. Pearl of Light is the development

plan for the city’s outdoor lighting for 2006-2015, aimed at

illuminating the principal cultural assets and increasing pub-

lic safety during the dark winter period (in the Nordic clima-

te, it can be dark for up to 18 hours per day). The plan covers

nine city parks, including Kadriorg Park, the Old Town, and

many sculptures and monuments around Tallinn. Besides

historic assets such as churches and the medieval towers of

Tallinn’s city wall, many contemporary buildings will also be

illuminated. The Pearl of Light project follows the principles

of creativity and artistic originality, as well as sustainability

by using energy saving lighting systems – learning from best

practice in cities such as Lyon, Glasgow, Liege, Melbourne and

Belfast.

CULTURE CAULDRON (KULTUURIKATEL). The Culture

Cauldron is a project that will develop a former thermal power

station into an alternative arts centre located near the Port of

Tallinn. A supervisory board will be formed, consisting of rep-

resentatives from various fields of culture, Tallinn city as well

as young artists.

The Culture Cauldron will strive to develop creativity through

workshops, volunteer projects and festivals while encou-

raging international cooperation. Its mission is to use the

power of creativity to establish an independent, self-func-

tioning and vital centre for culture. Artists will be offered in-

formation, facilities and favourable conditions to help them

survive and achieve success in the cultural and business envi-

ronment. A call for tenders will be announced in 2007 for the

building rights for the Culture Cauldron. A program of cultural

events will also commence in 2007, expanding according to

the progress of the construction works.

NATURE IN THE CITY. Nature is often defined as something

in contrast to the urban environment, but for Estonians, it

has always been an essential part of their lives. The purpose

of the environmental projects in connection with the Euro-

pean Capital of Culture is to offer Tallinn’s residents opportu-

nities to experience the natural environment in every part of

their urban environment.

In 2006, Tallinn introduced the idea of announcing the title

of Green Capital of Europe in 2007. According to this project,

Tallinn would be the initiator of green urban planning throug-

hout Europe. By integrating the past experience of European

cities, Tallinn will develop energy-saving, clean technology for

general application in urban planning.

Launching the project will require a high level of awareness

and general preparedness from the residents of Tallinn. The

project will involve the city and its educational and environ-

mental institutions, emphasizing sustainable planning, en-

vironmental educational programs for children and young

adults, and “hands on” projects to design an environmentally

friendly urban space. Tallinn city in co-operation with the Es-

tonian Fund for Nature plans to hold competitions for const-

ructing eco-buildings, to organize a conference titled ”The

urban environment and the natural world”, to initiate various

training programs as well as to offer excursions around Tal-

linn and surrounding areas.

��

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CONSTRUCTING TALLINN. Eliel Saarinen, the world famous

Finnish architect, was the winner of the 1913 Tallinn interna-

tional city planning competition with his design, Greater-Tal-

linn. Though never fully implemented, the design has inspired

many city planners and architects. Today, the city calls for

another ambitious design. Tallinn will form a project group

given the task of creating an integrated digital database pro-

viding historical, encyclopaedic, legal, environmental, admi-

nistrative and technical information about city planning. By

the year 2011, the project group will prepare a web-based ur-

ban planning program using academic potential from all over

Europe. The software solutions provided by the program will

be applicable in any city. According to the project, an interac-

tive cultural event called ”Europe plans Tallinn” will be con-

vened, where numerous European specialists will have the

opportunity to contribute. As a result of this event, a unique

city planning project for Tallinn will be designed that can la-

ter be used as training material for the residents of Tallinn in

order to develop their sense of civic duty and local identity.

The program will also enlarge upon new concepts of direct

democracy in the field of public governance.

��

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shared miracle is like two miracles, and sharing

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he program for the European

Capital of Culture 2011 in Tal-

linn uses the common goals

set for the Capital of Culture

as its starting point. For Tal-

linn, these goals envisage a

deepening of European valu-

es and neighbourly cohesion,

strengthening ties between the various regions of Estonia

and increasing cultural cooperation with the rest of Europe,

diversifying the cultural program with innovative and unique

events, increasing access to cultural experiences, discovering

new talent and enhancing social coherence throughout Esto-

nia and Europe.

As a small city in the European context, Tallinn would like to

optimize the benefit it will gain from being the European Ca-

pital of Culture, and not simply expand its usual annual cul-

tural calendar to make it more festive. As the Capital of Cul-

ture, Tallinn would like to offer Estonians as well as visitors

something special, taking advantage of all that it has to offer

historically as well as turning its weaknesses into strengths.

Tallinn, as the largest Estonian city by population in the wor-

ld, is the global epicentre of what it means to be Estonian. The

cultural infrastructure in Tallinn is the best and most extensi-

ve in Estonia. Most large-scale cultural events take place in

this city. A year as the European Capital of Culture would pro-

vide added value to an already rich cultural life as well as the

opportunity to delve into Europe’s rich cultural heritage and

contemporary cultural diversity, to discuss European identity

and plan collaborative economic and cultural projects with

neighbours near and far.

Collaboration with Turku as the Finnish European Capital of

Culture for 2011 will play a crucial part in the preparatory work

and in putting together the cultural program because of our

common history and our geographic and cultural proximity.

The Gulf of Finland that joins the two nations and our peoples

will be like a sea of culture in 2011.

The preparation for the 2011 cultural program is the responsi-

bility of a foundation that is currently being formed, and in the

process of compiling a calendar of cultural events the founda-

tion will consider the following ideas as a starting point:

• to put the existing calendar of events in order, making imp-

rovements and further developments so as to avoid unneces-

sary competition between different cultural events for atten-

tion and venues and to diffuse any possible overload on the

city’s infrastructure

• to pay special attention to coordinating the program of

events for both Tallinn and Turku, taking advantage of com-

mon marketing opportunities

• to add new events to the calendar according to proposals

by the creators and organizers that best adhere to the main

principles of the year of culture and aid the furthering of colla-

borations between Estonia and other European nations and

peoples, and that would better introduce Estonian culture to

the people of Europe

• to put together a program on the basis of an open list in

collaboration with all interest groups. The cornerstone of the

Capital of Culture program will be to inspire personal initiati-

ve. The municipal government will work out the necessary le-

gislation and create a network so that the ideas and initiative

can come from interested parties

• to value every initiative, though in cases where initiatives

are otherwise equal, priority will be given to projects that en-

vision international collaboration and cultural events inclu-

ding participants from other countries

• to support cultural exchange that utilizes new potential in

information and communication technologies, organizing

rogram of cultural events for �011

one year in the blink of an eye

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virtual international cultural events, as well as introducing

Estonian culture internationally via new technologies

• to ensure equal access to the cultural calendar to establis-

hed institutions as well as independent and alternative crea-

tive groups and associations

• to map the needs of other Estonian cities – Tallinn feels its

responsibility is to pass on the resulting cultural value to the

rest of Estonia

• to build up a cultural program following the principle of

cooperation in which Tallinn will have the role of dissemina-

ting cultural value throughout Estonia as well as facilitating

access to international events taking place in Tallinn for Es-

tonian artists and the arts community. During the European

Capital of Culture year, Tallinn will assume responsibility for

marketing Estonian culture

• to integrate the most important cultural events in other Es-

tonian cities as well as initiate new collaborative projects in

order to achieve the maximum national participation in the

cultural program

• to pay specific attention to including people with special

needs and providing them with access to all events

• to guarantee the continuance and long-term success of cul-

tural projects, the foundation “Tallinn – the Capital of Culture

2011” will sign long-term contracts for organizing the most

important festivals and projects that will continue after the

year as the European Capital of Culture has ended.

calendar of culture 2011 / where there is no border between day and night

The calendar of cultural events for 2011 will be centred on the-

matic programs running throughout the year and individual

public events evenly spread out over the year. Special atten-

tion will be paid to planning cultural events in new fields and

new venues; many of these are still at developmental, plan-

ning, construction and reconstruction phases. The cultural

calendar will take into account the local northern climate and

its impact on planned outdoor events.

thematic programs / gold weavers

CULTURE NIGHTS.Tallinn is known for its vibrant nightlife

and the Nordic people are used to the white nights of sum-

mer as well as the long dark periods of winter. The white

summer nights of Tallinn allow unique outdoor events that

require natural light. It is commonplace in Estonia and Tallinn

to experience cultural events at night and these are attended

by folk from far and wide. As part of the Culture Nights, there

will be one major night event every month – for example, a

night event at KUMU, a night design event, an opera night, a

youth night, a song festival at night, etc. The schedule of Cul-

ture Nights will be supplemented according to the organizer’s

initiative. To a certain extent, the Tallinn Black Nights Film

Festival (PÖFF), an independent premier event that has run

for the last ten years and has already proven itself at the in-

ternational level, could also be linked to the Culture Nights

program.

BACK TO OUR ROOTS. The cycle of events in the folk calen-

dar involves a revival of the deepest layers of Estonian cultu-

re and their introduction, on the basis of the ancient pagan

and subsequently Christian holidays, starts with the Russian

orthodox Christmas in the second week of January and ends

with the protestant Christmas at the end of the year. A series

of events for all of the most important folkloric holidays will

be organized in collaboration with the Estonian Open Air Mu-

seum as well as folk art and handicraft societies. The celeb-

rations of Jüripäev (St. George’s Day April 23) and Jaanipäev

(Midsummer June 23) will include the participation of the

Estonian army because of the historical military significance

of these two days. In addition to introducing folk traditions,

music and games, the annual folkloric cycle will include larger

events based on ancient customs –– for example, citywide

cleaning events on St. George’s Day, markets and fairs, mas-

ter classes and workshops for handicrafts as well as related

lectures.

MASTERS AND APPRENTICES. This program will include as

many fields of art as possible, including a diverse range of cul-

tural educative projects. The goal is to bring as many great

masters as possible to Tallinn to hold short workshops and

master classes and then to offer them residences for a lon-

ger period of time to share their experience. Openness must

serve as the keyword while preparing these workshops – in

addition to those participating, public access must also be

assured for all interested, especially young talent and artists.

In addition to masters invited from Europe, local masters will

also present workshops designed for participants from other

European countries. The priority of this program lies in encou-

raging the younger generation of creative and active people.

SPIRIT OF TALLINN. The main organizers of the musical prog-

ram will be concert institutions, namely the Tallinn Philhar-

monic Symphony and Eri Klas. The Spirit of Tallinn is a series of

concerts presenting music that is diverse both thematically

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and musically. It will rely on existing small-scale festivals that

will be supplemented by new events in order to fill the entire

year with a wide spectrum of music. The Spirit of Tallinn will

include numerous Estonian groups and orchestras; in collabo-

ration, established musical landmarks will be researched and

reviewed and new ones commissioned from Estonian compo-

sers. Collaborative partners will be sought among composers

and performers from all over Europe. As many concert venues

as possible will be used (halls, churches, and open air stages)

and a unified program will include symphonic, sacred, pop

and jazz music.

WORLD MASTERPIECES OF ART. The goal for the art insti-

tutions of Tallinn is to bring as many timeless masterpieces

of world art to Tallinn in 2011 as possible (e.g. Kumu will host

a Faberge exhibition), as well as showcase contemporary art

achievements in collaboration with modern art centres in

neighbouring cities (Turku, Stockholm, Helsinki, St. Peters-

burg). The variety of masterpieces and exhibitions will surely

attract art audiences from Estonia and abroad.

TALLINN MOVES. Within this program, the most important

professional and amateur sports events, extending to up to

300 events every year (two-thirds being recreational sports

events), will be gathered under one umbrella. Tallinn city will

encourage all sports unions to apply to hold their top com-

petitions in Tallinn in 2011 (track and field, skiing, equestrian

sports, judo, etc). The popular Tallinn autumn marathon,

with thousands of participants, will be held in the centre of

the city. In addition to the marathon, winter sport competi-

tions will be held here (a sprint in the centre of the city), de-

monstrations and competitions of extreme sports will also be

organized. In terms of public sports events, new cultural faci-

lities, such as the beach promenade, will be utilized. The pri-

vate sector has already accepted the challenge of providing

most of the funds necessary, while the city will mainly provide

organizational support and the use of its infrastructure.

star events / miracles happen every day

Every cultural event conceals a miracle – theatrical miracles

are born in theatres, musical miracles in concert halls, visual

miracles in artists’ studios and physical miracles at every

sporting event. A shared miracle is like two miracles, and

sharing cultural miracles must be a common feature cha-

racterizing every event in the calendar of culture. The idea of

“where there’s action, there will be spectators” can be taken

further to the point where spectators become involved in the

activity.

1. A MIDWINTER NIGHT’S DREAM. The opening of new per-

formance halls for Tallinn City Theatre in the autumn/winter

of 2010 will serve as an event to usher in the European Capital

of Culture in 2011. Tallinn City Theatre will celebrate the comp-

letion of its new building complex by holding an international

theatre festival. It has been a century since Tallinn last saw

the completion of a new theatre building.

2. STARS OF THE EUROPEAN CINEMA. Tallinn is presenting

itself as a candidate for the rights to organize the European

Film Academy Awards in December 2010. Hosting this event

would be a magnificent opportunity to inaugurate interna-

tional communication and relations before Tallinn becomes

the European Capital of Culture. Besides bringing internatio-

nal stars of the cinema to Tallinn, the European Film Academy

Awards will offer a weekend full of international broadcasting

and media attention, film premieres and excitement for the

people of Tallinn.

3. MELTING TALLINN. Tallinn’s official opening event for the

European Capital of Culture takes place in cooperation with

the opening of the European Capital of Culture in Turku du-

ring the third week in January 2011. Counterbalancing Turku’s

program “Turku on fire”, Tallinn will start with an event called

“Melting Tallinn”, as water is both a characteristic and critical

element in the life of the city of Tallinn. Tallinn’s average tem-

perature in January is 5°C below zero, so Tallinn will need to

warm up both figuratively and literally. Tallinn’s winter tradi-

tions include building a snow town, ice sculpture and other

art events that make use of frozen water.

4. FESTIVAL OF LIGHT. The festival of light in January/Feb-

ruary will culminate with the lighting infrastructure program,

��

Northern Pearl of Light. The festival of light consists of events

and projects that use light, sound, fire, and performing arts

to light up the darkest period of the year both artistically and

spiritually.

5. WINTER DANCE. An indoor dance festival that functions as

a celebration for Estonian folk dance ensembles and groups in

March 2011 to counterbalance the summer celebration that

has thousands of participants within the traditional program

of the Song and Dance Festivals. The indoor dance celebration

will have competitions and joint concerts held in the largest

indoor halls and arenas around the city.

6. TALLINN DAY. On 15 May 1248, Tallinn was given Hansea-

tic city rights according to the Laws of Lübeck. This day is ce-

lebrated every year as Tallinn Day. In 2011, Tallinn will hold an

urban planning conference as a trans-European multimedia

event thanks to the development program “Building Tallinn”.

The preliminary results of Tallinn under construction will be

introduced and analyzed and mid-term conclusions will be

drawn. On Tallinn Day, the city will also hold a thematic con-

ference celebrating the passing of five years since the begin-

ning of the movement towards the Green Capital of Europe.

7. JAZZKAAR. Every April, Tallinn holds one of its biggest

events, Jazzkaar, an international jazz festival that has run

since 1990. Tallinn has hosted numerous top jazz artists and

groups from Europe and the rest of the world. Jazzkaar con-

sists of over 50 concerts, workshops and studio sessions, the

Jazz Award of the Year, free outdoor and school concerts, and

Internet broadcasts of concerts across Europe. The heart of

the festival will be the new Sakala centre with seating for up

to 1800 people.

8. TRAVELLING ART. The youth triennial of contemporary art

will be held in April/May 2011. Following the example of the

largest European art biennial, Manifesta, the international

youth triennial project will move from Tallinn to other Esto-

nian cities and from there to other locations in Europe.

9. OLD TOWN DAYS. Since the 1980s, Tallinn has held a week-

long cultural festival every year in the first week of June, ta-

king advantage of the diverse opportunities offered by the

Old Town as the historic heart of Tallinn. The Old Town Days

refer to a legend dating back to 1219, according to which Den-

mark received the sign of victory that fell from the sky during

a battle near Tallinn and later used this sign, known as the

Daneborg, as the national flag. The Medieval Days, establis-

hed 10 years ago, will also be integrated into the Old Town

Days as part of celebrating the European Capital of Culture.

The Old Town Days will serve as an umbrella for art events

and fairs, workshops, medieval-style entertainment, thema-

tic exhibitions and much more.

10. YOUTH SONG AND DANCE FESTIVAL. Taking place every

five years at the beginning of July, the Youth Song and Dance

Festival is a part of the Estonian song and dance tradition that

sees thousands of young people come from all over Estonia to

take part. In view of the European Capital of Culture in 2011,

the festival that was initially planned for 2012 will be held a

year earlier, in the summer of 2011. The Song and Dance Fes-

tival is one of the most important support systems marking

the continuity of Estonian traditional culture, with hundreds

of choirs and dance ensembles rehearsing strenuously to de-

liver a perfect performance. Tallinn will be able to provide the

participants in 2011 with a program that will be more exten-

sive than usual, enriched by a diverse international cultural

program (see also 11). Young people from all over Europe are

invited to participate and a special collaborative project invol-

ving Turku is currently being developed.

11. CITY OF YOUTH. Along with the Song and Dance Festival,

another youth festival will be held in Tallinn in collaboration

with European cultural centres and institutions located in Tal-

linn. During this festival, young people from all over Europe

will be gathering to present their skills, exchange experience

and create something truly unique. The festival will involve

diverse art projects for young people from all over Europe,

and will be attended by thousands of young people from Es-

tonia and Europe who have gathered in Tallinn for the Song

and Dance Festival. The celebration itself will be in accord

with other European cultural festivals.

12. FESTIVAL OF THE SEA. As an ancient city by the sea,

Tallinn’s openness to the sea will be taken to another level

with the completion of large-scale infrastructure projects by

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the year 2011 (see Kilometre of Culture). In order to utilize its

full potential, Tallinn is already starting to organize its first

annual Festival of the Sea in August 2008. This festival will

consist of entertainment, sporting and educational events

that will be centred around the beach and port areas of Tal-

linn. A festival uniting music and ecological protection of the

marine environment with excursions to the islands around

Tallinn will complement the Festival of the Sea. In the first

year of this festival, Estonia’s first and only open-air maritime

museum will be completed on the territory of the former ma-

rine airport. Within this festival, a sailing regatta will be held

as well as other water sports events. The Festival of the Sea

will bring together urban culture and the traditions of coas-

tal settlements that date back thousands of years. One of the

focal points of the festival will be a fish market. Many of the

events taking place in Turku will also be integrated into the

festival program.

13. EUROPEADE TALLINN 2011. Tallinn has placed an app-

lication for the right to hold the international folk music and

dance festival, Europeade, a festival that has been moving

across Europe since 1964. The festival aims to recognize the

value of the diversity of European culture and bring together

folk enthusiasts from all over Europe.

14. BIRGITTA FESTIVAL. An expanding festival of classical

and modern music taking place in August under the auspices

of Saint Birgitta, the patron saint of Tallinn’s largest (and the

only functioning) convent. By 2011, the Birgitta Festival will

have become one of Tallinn’s main events and a central music

festival in the Baltic Sea region, the heart of which is the me-

dieval church of the Saint Birgitta convent, currently under-

going reconstruction.

15. ESTONIAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE IN TARTU. As one of

its main responsibilities, Tallinn will endeavour to share the

cultural events centred in Tallinn with other regions around

Estonia. In September, Tallinn will take the focus of events to

Tartu, the second largest Estonian city, and also a candidate

for the European Capital of Culture. Tartu, the oldest univer-

sity town in Estonia, is the focus for thousands of university

students – who will most certainly make good use of this cul-

tural program at the start of their academic year.

16. CULTURAL MELTING POT. The focus in October will be to

involve all the smaller national and ethnic communities rep-

resented in Estonia in order to open up Tallinn and present its

multicultural side. By collaborating with these communities

and even including national groups that have only recently

settled in Tallinn, locals and visitors alike will be able to samp-

le the cultural wealth that exists in the city of Tallinn. The

program for this special month will be designed with input

from the representatives of these communities if they exist in

Tallinn or its surroundings.

17. TALLINN BLACK NIGHTS FILM FESTIVAL (PÖFF) Tallinn

Black Nights Film Festival will celebrate its 15th birthday in

2011. During the European Capital of Culture, PÖFF 2011 will

offer a special selection of films with a touch of the fairy tale.

18. MIDWINTER NIGHT’S DREAM. The year will come to an

end with Tallinn City Theatre’s international theatre festival,

Midwinter Night’s Dream (see also 1). The main theme of the

festival in 2011 will be “Everlasting fairytale”, and will involve

theatre companies from all of Estonia’s closest neighbours.

The festival, which will run until the end of the year, will mark

the end of Tallinn’s year as the European Capital of Culture,

and so the closing ceremony for the festival will also be the

closing ceremony for the whole year.

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ever before have

two european capitals of culture been located

so close together geographically, historical-

ly and culturally than tallinn and turku,

both members of the union of baltic cities.

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ever before have two European

Capitals of Culture been located

so close together geographically,

historically and culturally than

Tallinn and Turku, both members

of the Union of Baltic Cities.

With this in mind, there is excellent potential for Tallinn and

Turku to embark on co-operative activities that go further

than simply joint commercial activities (see Marketing and

communication). The two cities have initiated a collaborative

plan for marketing and communication in European markets,

and a cooperation agreement has been signed by the mayors

of both cities.

Instances of Finland and Estonia working together in collabo-

rative projects have been many and varied. One recent examp-

le of such a project is the new art museum KUMU, which was

designed for Tallinn by a Finnish architect. Another example is

the fact that Priit Pärn, an internationally renowned Estonian

animated filmmaker, has been teaching animation in Turku

for years and is currently the head of the animation depart-

ments in both Tallinn and Turku universities.

So it will come as no surprise that the cultural programs for

the European Capital of Culture 2011 in these two cities will

also involve close cooperation. A calendar of events has to be

approved by both cities in order to avoid unnecessary compe-

tition and clashes, as well as to make the events attractive for

different target groups.

The opening events for Tallinn and Turku will be scheduled so

that these will not overlap. In 2011, special cruise ships will

operate between Tallinn and Turku, and these cruises them-

selves will be used as venues for many of the cultural events

making the Gulf of Finland literally a sea of culture in 2011.

The details of the cultural exchange between Tallinn and Tur-

ku will be agreed upon between the organisations respon-

sible for preparing the program for the European Capital of

Culture 2011, taking into account the likelihood that events

might repeat, overlap or complement each other. Even today,

the organisers of the musical program, “The Spirit of Tallinn”,

maintain that the work of Estonian composers and musicians

will of course also sound in Turku in 2011. The expansion of the

Brigitta Festival to involve Turku is also being planned. Th-

roughout 2011, projects making up the Kilometre of Culture in

Tallinn and Art for the Heart in Turku will serve both cities as

the most important milestones of cultural exchange in 2011.

The joint projects can be divided into three categories:

• projects with shared liability

• projects where one city is the initiator and liable for the who-

le project, the other city simply being an active participant

• exchange projects involving elements from both cities

The largest of the joint projects include: Bordering Memories,

Cultural Cruises, Art for the Heart and the Turku Baltic Sea

Event. Considering the fact that Turku is currently leading

preparations for the Capital of Culture 2011, their projects

have been designed in more detail compared to those in Tal-

linn, where development work will commence in earnest as

soon as the foundation for the European Capital of Culture

2011 has been finalized.

bordering memories

The most extensive joint project between Tallinn and Turku

will be Bordering Memories, to be launched in 2007. Besides

Estonia and Finland, the project will also involve areas of the

Baltic Sea under Russian jurisdiction such as St. Petersburg,

the former capital of Russia. This cultural research project will

focus on cultural collaboration between the countries borde-

ring the Baltic Sea.

The Baltic Sea has united and separated Estonia, Finland

and the northwestern part of Russia for many centuries. The

project aims to develop common understanding between

the different cultures in the Baltic countries and map regio-

nal and European influence. The target group will mostly be

young people who will bring international collaboration and

understanding to a new level.

wo nordic cities as the capitals of

culture �011 –tallinn and turku

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Bordering Memories will be divided into three main parts:

1. During a process of collecting and archiving memories (ot-

herwise, cultural heritage cannot be passed on), informa-

tion and opinions will be processed and analysed about each

culture and country in order to discover the general level of

awareness and interest. The collection of memories will be

organized by institutions of higher education from the three

cities, preferably by universities of art, film and media that as

a result will present the information as short films (documen-

tary, animation, art house). Similar cooperations have been

planned between universities specializing in the arts and hu-

manities.

2. The collected memories will be integrated as film, art, lite-

rature and multimedia products that will be available online.

These will also be presented at many of the art events wit-

hin the cultural program for the European Capital of Culture

2011.

3. The project will continue after 2011 according to the aca-

demic calendars of the universities involved – the process of

collecting and archiving data dealing with cultural heritage

will continue every year with the help of students. Eventually,

a unique database will be created describing the cultural evo-

lution of the Baltic countries and their present situation – all

this being constantly available for the rest of the world.

cultural cruises

The idea behind this project is to organize cultural cruises on

the Baltic Sea in 2011 with the support of the private sector

(shipping and tourism). The principal destinations will be Tal-

linn and Turku – European Capitals of Culture 2011 – and both

cities will ensure that the tour operators will be supported

both culturally and financially.

art for the heart

A project that aims to take advantage of the Kilometre of

Culture in Tallinn and the culture park created along the Aura

river in Turku (see Future Tallinn), while fully realizing the po-

tential for cultural exchange that these two events offer. The

opening week for the Kilometre of Culture will be co-ordina-

ted with the opening events in the culture park in Turku, with

the idea of exchanging performers as well as participants.

festival of the sea

In keeping with The Baltic Sea Event in Turku, Tallinn will also

present a program of large-scale water-related festivities. The

emphasis will be on the economic and entertainment poten-

tial of the Baltic Sea, emphasizing the importance of sea eco-

logy as the Baltic Sea is becoming one of the most threatened

inland sea environments in the world. Thus, Tallinn plans to

integrate elements from the thematic program Nature Co-

mes to the City. Co-operation between Tallinn and Turku will

follow the same principles as those of the Art for the Heart

project.

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allinn will establish an independent organisation,

the foundation for tallinn as the capital of culture, which

will be responsible for preparing and implementing the

program for the european capital of culture 2011.

����

�1

rganisation

allinn will establish an indepen-

dent organisation, the Founda-

tion for Tallinn as the Capital of

Culture, which will be respon-

sible for preparing and imple-

menting the program for the

European Capital of Culture

2011. The foundation will be a

non-profit organisation supported by Tallinn city. According

to Estonia’s Foundations Act, the foundation will be run by

a management and supervisory board. The members of the

board have been selected from among representatives of the

city government, institutions of culture and sport and profes-

sionals in the field of culture. The managing director of the

foundation and the manager of the cultural program for the

European Capital of Culture 2011 will be elected through pub-

lic competition. The foundation will take over all preparatory

tasks currently in progress. Whether the foundation will con-

tinue to function after 2011, will be decided on the basis of its

effectiveness.

the tasks of the foundation for ”tallinn – european capital of culture 2011”

• to prepare the program for Tallinn as the European Capital

of Culture 2011, with the help of design competitions and pub-

lic tenders

• to train the organisers of public events in project writing and

help them to find support systems and funds from Europe

• to coordinate the events of the European Capital of Culture

2011 program (the foundation will outsource services and pro-

ducts as necessary)

• to manage the finances by developing procedures to fund

projects, including the use of sponsorship

• to organise and coordinate cooperation between cultural

institutions, universities, organisations, unions, associa-

tions, etc.

• to organise cooperation between different cities in Estonia

• to organise cooperation between international partners

• to prepare a marketing and communication plan

• to inform and involve residents, volunteers, organisations

and institutions in the foundation’s activities

• to apply for grants and donations both from national and

foreign funds, organisations and other legal entities

• to determine common instructions and reporting protocols

for activities in the program

• to carry out surveys and analyses about the impact of the

European Capital of Culture 2011.

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tructural outlineChairman of the Council: Mayor of Tallinn Members:- Deputy Mayor of Tallinn in the field of culture- Head of Tallinn Cultural Heritage Department- Head of Tallinn for Enterprise Department- Secretary General of Ministry of Culture- Representative of Enterprise Estonia (EAS)- Representative of Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry- Chairman of the Creative Council- Representative of the Association of Municipalities of Estonia

*

Council(9 members) *

Observersand Advisers

Chairman of the Board

ProgramDirector

Creative Council(Representatives from

different fields of culture) *

MarketingDirector

Administrativeand Financial

Director

AuditCommittee

IndependentExternal Auditor

IndependentInternal Auditor

Independent externalparties

Tenderedservices:

Accounting

AdministrativeAssistant

Coordinators ofdifferent fields

(4 coordinators)

FinancialAssistant

MarketingSpecialist

Foreign RelationsManager

PR andCommunication

Manager

Information Centerand Volounteers

Coordinator

ProcurementSpecialist

Legal Adviser

Monitoring andEvaluation Expert

PartnershipManager

InternationalPrograms

Coordinator

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t is a common practice in the

ecoc’s to use as much volunteers as

possible in organizing the coc events. that

practice will also be adopted by tallinn.

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The budget is in EUR thousands

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL

Total expenditures in the City of Tallinn on cultural projects* 10714 15755 18853 21798 41944 9347 118410

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 TOTAL

EXPENDITURE

Salaries 230 507 604 663 836 314 3154

Overheads 169 454 503 553 765 212 2656

Program 135 1408 3633 6742 12345 318 24580

Marketing 34 352 908 1685 3086 79 6145

Documentation and evaluation 17 18 19 19 54 20 148

Unforeseen expenses 19 47 52 57 82 23 280

TOTAL expenditure 603 2786 5719 9720 17168 967 36963

INCOME

Central government 90 929 1906 3240 5723 322 12210

Tallinn municipality 513 1388 2602 4233 7331 539 16605

Sponsors, commercial income and other 0 469 1211 2247 4115 106 8148

TOTAL income 603 2786 5719 9720 17168 967 36963

general principles of budgeting

The budget forecast is based on the current knowledge on

how the project will perform financially. The TCOC 2011 budget

has been estimated on as detailed level as possible to provide

the manager of the TCOC2011 organisation an effective tool

for the planning and management process. Another purpose

of the detailed estimation is to give the major funders (City of

Tallinn, Ministry of Culture, etc) of the project reliable input

for their long term budgeting process.

However, given the random character of future events, every

forecast includes some extent of uncertainty. Therefore, it is

recognised that current version of the budget is subject to

further developments by the project team when the scope of

TCOC2011 is getting more precise.

Overall, the budget differentiates two types of expenses

– operating and program expenses. The operating expen-

ses mainly contain funds and expenses directly channelled

through the organization (“Foundation”) of TCOC2011. Con-

sequently, the budget does not include all expenditures that

stakeholders spend on the TCOC2011 event as a substantial

part of the program expenditures will be channelled directly

to the programs. Nevertheless, the budget for program ex-

penses estimates the overall official expenditure on TCOC2011

events regardless of whether the funds would be channelled

through the organisation of TCOC2011.

Although the exact funding proportions are not finalised at

this stage the general consensus is that operating expenses

of the TCOC2011 organisation are financed from the budget

of the City of Tallinn. The program expenses are funded from

several sources but regardless of financing sources all official

program expenses are recorded in the budget of TCOC2011.

The budget is projected at nominal values, i.e. adjusted with

inflation expectations. Based on the forecasts of the Ministry

of Finance and Bank of Estonia it was assumed that the fast

* Consists of all expenditures of Tallinn city on cultural events.udget

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macroeconomic development of Estonia would continue. The

growth rates of nominal figures in the projections are based

on the relevant macroeconomic forecasts of the Ministry of

Finance.

operating costs

The key task in projecting the operating costs of TCOC2011

was the translation of the view on the project’s organization

into financial figures. In addition to the cost of personnel the

budget also includes overheads and marketing costs.

The operating costs forecast reflect the general principles on

how the organization of Tallinn 2011 is structured: to keep

the Foundation’s organization as small as possible but at the

same time as big as needed. According to the structure, the

number of employees of the Foundation is hitherto one of the

smallest among the ECOC cities.

The budget covers salary costs of all staff employed directly

by the ECOC organizations. The wages and salaries position

does not include compensations to the board and to the crea-

tive board members, as well as possible posts funded by other

bodies. All personnel related compensations are related to

the expected growth ratio of salaries in Estonia.

It is a common practice in the ECOC’s to use as much volun-

teers as possible in organizing the COC events. That practice

will also be adopted by Tallinn. Although the volunteers do

not receive direct monetary payment, they will bear costs in

form of in kind compensation like catering, accommodation,

keepsakes, etc.

Promotion and marketing expenditures include the costs of

communications, print, advertising, press and public rela-

tions, and the use of electronic media.

The overhead costs include several items such as office costs,

supplies and equipment, utilities, telephone, accountancy

and audit costs. In total, 13 overhead cost positions were exp-

licitly identified in the budget planning. To ensure strong fi-

nancial management the independent internal and external

audit services are procured every year.

As it was mentioned above, the operating costs are fully fi-

nanced from the city’s budget. In the planning stage the bu-

dget figures do not take into account any own revenues of

the Foundation.

program costs

The total number of projects in the official program of

TCOC2011 is not yet determined at this stage. Besides the qua-

lity of a project the experience of the organizers, the comp-

liance to TCOC purposes, the long-term impact, and the cost

of the project are important selection criteria.

Program expenses in the budget reflect all the costs of official

cultural projects and events regardless of funding sources.

The production of almost all projects will be decentralized.

The TCOC2011 organization will sign cooperation agreements

with producers after a project has been approved. The coo-

peration agreement contains a project plan, marketing plan,

and budget and defines responsibilities, obligations, and

rights of both parties.

Financial installments directly paid by the organization will

be based on interim reports that would describe the progress

of a project. The organization itself will only produce a few

projects.

The city has planned to finance about 1/3 of the production

bodies’ expenses; it is expected that the central government

would also finance 1/3 of the expenses and the remaining part

would come from other sources. The city believes that in addi-

tion to the ticketing income the public-sector finance would

attract private sector support. The financial department of

the organization shall ensure smooth sponsorship commit-

ments and offer adequate sponsorship contracts.

0 %

2 %

4 %

6 %

8 %

10 %

12 %

14 %

macroeconomic development

GDP real growth Salary growth Inflation of consumer prices

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

number of employees

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6

20

23 26

45

12

0

510

15

20

2530

3540

4550

his medieval milieu is what makes tallinn so

unique both for its citizens and its guests.

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stonia as a small country has

limited scope for promoting

itself on the world stage, and

so being the European Capi-

tal of Culture will provide the

best exposure for Estonia to

introduce its capital to Europe

and to the rest of the world.

Our objective is the orientation of Tallinn within Europe be-

fore, during and after 2011. The honour of being the European

Capital of Culture will certainly help showcase Estonia as a

unique and desirable destination, and this exposure is certain

to have a far-reaching impact that will be felt long after the

celebrations of 2011 are over.

position and slogan

Tallinn does not enjoy a place on the list of ”1001 cities you

must see before you die”. So what can Tallinn boast? Well, it

has truly unique architectural value within a warm and friend-

ly atmosphere. It is a compact medieval city with a mystical,

fairy tale quality. Such things have often been said of Tallinn

by the visitors it receives from around the world every year,

and this is also supported by its wealth of myths and legends.

This medieval milieu is what makes Tallinn so unique both for

its citizens and its guests.

Tallinn is seen as an exciting destination city, and many peop-

le come here on a journey of discovery without really knowing

much about what it is they have come to see. It should not be

seen as just another city among so many others, but as some-

thing absolutely unique and fabulous. Metaphorically spea-

king, the fairy tale image is the best way to picture Tallinn, the

city that makes everything possible and exciting, and where

visitors usually experience a happy ending to their journey.

Outside our everyday concerns and problems, there is a fairy

tale place called Tallinn that will help make people’s dreams

come true and provide them with a getaway destination.

target groups and information campaigns

The marketing and communication goal for Tallinn as the Eu-

ropean Capital of Culture 2011 is to get a clear message out

to all relevant target groups about the goals of the Capital of

Culture, its responsibilities and programs, and their inclusion

in the events in 2011. The year as Capital of Culture, being an

event for the whole of Europe, will be an excellent opportunity

for marketing Tallinn as an attractive tourist destination.

The target groups of the project fall into two main catego-

ries:

• Within Estonia: residents of Tallinn

• Within Estonia: residents of Estonia

• Outside of Estonia, which in turn fall in three categories:

neighbouring tourism markets (Latvia, Lithuania, Russia,

Finland, Sweden and other northern countries), European

countries and distant tourism markets (e.g. Japan, USA, etc).

In order to deliver the information to the population of Tallinn

and Estonia, we will first make use of the available channels

within Tallinn: information and customer centres in the diffe-

rent city districts, local periodicals and the newspaper “Pea-

linn” (Capital). Information for the city will be provided to all

media channels as well as Tallinn’s website by the media de-

partment at Tallinn City Council.

We plan to develop the Capital of Culture website as the

primary source of information ( www.tallinn2011.ee), so that

everyone will have access to information about the European

Capital of Culture in Tallinn in 2011. This will include the his-

tory of the concept and a list of previous capitals, as well as a

detailed program of events.

The list of those participating in the promotional network

will include all of the city’s leading cultural, sports and educa-

tional institutions, as well as local governments across Esto-

nia that will form a network including national, municipal

and private cultural establishments and institutions as well

as non-government organisations. In preparation for 2011, we

will launch information campaigns across Estonia in order to

disseminate information about our goals, the cultural prog-

arketing and communication

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ram for the year and opportunities for all those interested in

participating. We will commence on the basis of the concept

that Tallinn serves as the cultural capital of Estonia as a who-

le, and its responsibility is to represent the country to Europe

– to introduce sights of interest in every region and to intro-

duce cultural events from around Estonia.

The target group outside Estonia for Tallinn’s program as the

Capital of Culture and as a tourist destination will be young

people between the ages of 25 and 64 who above all are explo-

rers by character and constantly seek new experiences. They

will primarily come from neighbouring countries (Finland,

Sweden, Norway, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Latvia and

Lithuania), but also from cities with which Tallinn has direct

flight connections (in 2006, these include Amsterdam, Barce-

lona, Brussels, Dublin, Frankfurt, Kiev, London, Milan, Paris,

Prague, Warsaw).

When these people visit Tallinn for the first time, the city

will provide them with a new and interesting destination.

They will spend at least 2 nights here and, according to their

cultural interests and their general lifestyle, they will spend

as much in Tallinn as an average tourist, more than half of

which will be spent on cultural interests, such as sightseeing,

performances, museums, etc. The description of this target

group does not currently overlap that of an average tourist in

Tallinn today. The task of the communications program will

be to change the target group profile in the desired direction.

In order to reach the target groups outside Estonia, we will

rely on the support of our sister and partner cities that are

also Cultural Capitals in Europe. We will also benefit from

the permanent representatives of Estonia in other European

countries as well as our elected members in the European

Parliament as information outlets.

In collaboration with the European Capital of Culture Turku,

we will endeavour to inform the Estonian people about the

program in Turku, and Turku in turn will introduce events ta-

king place in Tallinn to the Finnish people. With our combined

efforts, we will be able to coordinate communication about

the events of the European Capital of Culture 2011 to the rest

of Europe.

With the help of tourist enterprises and unions in Estonia and

abroad we will use every available option to design special

packages for each of the different markets across Europe in

order to introduce the main events of the program of the Eu-

ropean Capital of Culture 2011.

The most important partners include: the permanent repre-

sentatives of Tallinn in Brussels (Tallinn is the only Estonian

city that has a permanent representative in the heart of Eu-

rope); the tourism bureau at Tallinn Enterprise Department;

the embassies of European countries in Estonia; permanent

representatives in Estonia of the different countries that ac-

tively promote cultural collaborations, among them the of-

fice of the Nordic Council of Ministers in Estonia, the British

Council, the Danish Cultural Institute, the Goethe Institute,

the Finnish Institute, Culture Contact Austria, the French Cul-

tural Centre, etc; and last but not least, the accredited foreign

press in Estonia.

In collaboration with the outdoor media agency JCDecaux,

we plan to regularly advertise the events of the European Ca-

pital of Culture 2011 in Europe. In the second half of 2010 and

in 2011, we will launch large-scale campaigns in key tourism

markets in order to raise awareness about Estonia and to int-

roduce the program of the European Capital of Culture 2011

in Tallinn.

the slogan and focus

Tallinn’s slogan serves two purposes: to make the Capital of

Culture more attractive, and on the other hand, to ensure a

more stable image for the city within Europe. At the same

time, the slogan must not serve just as an exclamatory sen-

tence, but to support the positioning of the city, melding with

the main concept as well as the logo.

The successful slogan must create a truly exciting feeling. Lar-

ger cities with a strong position and reputation, such as Paris

or London, need no slogan in order to raise awareness – these

cities have a fixed place in people’s minds, and function effec-

tively as brands. Smaller cities need to use every opportunity

they have. If Tallinn’s logo coupled with the slogan can pro-

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duce certain expectations about the city, pose questions and

inspire interest, its main goal will have been achieved.

To position Tallinn as a “Fairy tale city”, our slogan will be:

“Everlasting fairytale. Tallinn...”. The Estonian version of the

slogan will be: “The city that will never be complete. Tallinn...”,

based on the ancient legend about the old man of Lake Üle-

miste.

This legend is well known among Estonians and will allow us

to create a positive response among the residents of Tallinn

– a city that is in a constant process of development with the

ultimate goal of improving the living environment for its re-

sidents. It should also be emphasized that Tallinn’s theme of

water relates exceptionally well with the theme of fire that

Turku, the second European Capital of Culture 2011, has cho-

sen.

The name “Tallinn” also requires a strong, clear typographical

presentation that will stand out in an urban environment sa-

turated with visual noise. The visual aspect of Tallinn’s name

lends itself well to this issue. Having two double consonants

in its name makes it curious and easily remembered, perhaps

even exotic for foreigners. There are no architectural symbols

in Tallinn that are widely known to foreigners like the Eiffel

Tower in Paris or the Brandenburg gates in Berlin. Choosing a

single icon for Tallinn as a symbol would be a limiting approach

in the context of the Capital of Culture, and an approach that

would require an unreasonable number of resources. Within

the marketing concept for Tallinn there are fascinating stories

and curious legends and events that would never be served up

as an “everyday” element within the soup that is Tallinn in the

21st century. The image created for the city will entice people

to experience and sense the fairy tale for themselves.

organisation and collaboration with turku / fire and water will be as one

A special foundation will be established to develop and imp-

lement the communication strategies for Tallinn as the Euro-

pean Capital of Culture in 2011. The marketing and commu-

nications manager in this foundation will be the key person

and coordinator of these activities. The manager’s primary

responsibility will be to consolidate the daily communication

of the foundation with counterparts in the public relations

and media departments of Tallinn city, in order to ensure the

effective distribution of information and minimising of any

possible overlap. The marketing activities for Tallinn as a tou-

rism destination are normally coordinated by the department

of tourism at Tallinn Department for Enterprise. The goal of

the foundation will be to coordinate the marketing activities

of the Cultural Capital project with the general marketing of

the city of Tallinn, by directing it towards tourists and inves-

tors. Depending on the strategy that will be developed, the

foundation may involve communication partners and emp-

loyers from the private sector.

To maximise the effectiveness of communications and to

make the most of new opportunities, Tallinn and Turku plan

an extensive collaboration to promote the European Capital

of Culture programs as well as to introduce these two cities,

just a few hundred kilometres apart, as attractive tourism

destinations.

Other cooperative initiatives will include opening informa-

tion centres for the cities of the European Capital of Cultu-

re 2011 both in Turku and Tallinn; developing and marketing

common travel packages, itineraries and services with the

aid of tourism companies; creating and maintaining a com-

mon website for the Capitals of Culture 2011; collaborating

with the sponsors and partners from the private sector; and

designing and implementing a common destination marke-

ting campaign for distant markets (for example, Japan, North

America, etc) in cooperation with the agencies promoting to-

urism in both countries.

�� ��

�1

Martin Aadamsoo, Hardo Aasmäe, Andres Aavik, Märt Agu,

Askur Alas, Kadi Alatalu, Airi-Alina Allaste, Arvi Altmäe, Illimar

Altosaar, Angelika Annus, Rein Annusveer, Helina Ardel, Erk-

ki Bahovski, Valentina Bassova, Maimu Berg, Marje Braunb-

rück, Georg Bogatkin, Dimitri Demjanov, Urmas Dresen, Bo-

ris Dubovik, Jaan Elken, Anne Erm, Aavo Ermel, Vello Ervin,

Ignar Fjuk, Maile Grünberg, Michael Haagensen, Urmas Halli-

ka, Marje Hansar, Mati Heidmets, Margit Hein, Annely Hend-

rikson, Kadi Herkül, Iir Hermeliin, Kaie Holm, Külli Holsting,

Priit Hõbemägi, Aleksander Iljin, Priit Ilver, Milvi Israel, Meeli

Jaaksoo, Peeter Jalakas, Maire Janisk, Kätlin Janson, Maria Jof-

fe, Lemmi Jõe, Marina Jõgi, Kaia Jäppinen, Piret Järvan, Leini

Jürisaar, Marje Jürisson, Teet Kallas, Riine Kallas, Ivar Kallion,

Mart Kalvet, Elin Kard, Sirje Karis, Tõnu Karu, Merilin Kattai,

Eric Katsowski, Kairi Kaugema, Jan Kaus, Andres Keevallik,

Heino Kiik, Rein Kilk, Aare Kilp, Enn Kirsmann, Marianna

Kirschbaum, Signe Kivi, Ott Kivikas, Anu Kivilo, Heiki Kivimaa,

Karin Kiviste, Eri Klas, Aavo Kokk, Andres Kollist, Kersti Kont,

Juhan Kreem, Neeme Kuningas, Jana Kunti, Virve Kurbel, Jüri

Kuuskemaa, Lea Kõiv, Kaie Kõrb, Adolf Käis, Henri Käsper, An-

nely Köster, Asko Künnap, Zemfira Lampmann, Merike Lang,

Üllar Lanno, Peep Lassmann, Lauri Leesi, Ionel Lehari, Risto

Lehiste, Indrek Leht, Jüri Leiten, Jüri Lember, Peeter Lepp, Var-

je Lepp, Jaan J. Leppik, Marge Liiske, Reet Linna, Siiri Liiv, Har-

ry Liivrand, Liivi Listra, Marje Lohuaru, Tiia-Ester Loitme, Tiina

Lokk, Viivi Lokk, Toomas Loo, Mihhail Lotman, Ra Luhse, Too-

mas Luhats, Hede-Kerstin Luik, Heili Luik, Harri Lumi, Ants

Lusti, Aime Luts, Andres Lutsar, Mall Luukas, Andri Maimets,

Jaan Manitski, Ülar Mark, Kersti Markus, Heli Mattiisen, Hel-

dur Meerits, Leonardo Meigas, Renee Meriste, Margus Mets,

Reet Mikkel, Marianne Mikko, Madis Mikkor, Sven Mitt, Jaan

Mäe, Tiina Mägi, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Endrik Mänd, Priit Män-

nik, Rein Neimar, Robert Nerman, Taivo Niitvägi, Erki Nool,

Albert Norak, Peeter Normak, Ingo Normet, Andrus Nõmm,

René Nõmmik, Elmo Nüganen, Kristel Oitmaa, Alar Ojalo,

Anne Ojalo, Kaido Ojaperv, Rein-Vello Ojavere, Urmas Oo-

lup, Jaan Ots, Jaano-Martin Ots, Siiri Oviir, Oksana Ovtšin-

nik, Meelis Pai, Andres Pajula, Robert Palmer, Tõnis Palts, Enn

Pant, Lagle Parek, Karin Paulus, Rauno Pehka, Paavo Pettai,

Rando Pettai, Olavi Pihlamägi, Jüri Pino, Toomas Pirn, Silver

Pramann, Uku Presmann, Linnar Priimägi, Tiit Pruuli, Taivo

Puuorg, Raivo Põldmaa, Jaan Pärn, Ilmar Raag, Lydia Rahula,

Juku-Kalle Raid, Jaak Raie, Mikk Rand, Jane Rannamets, Triin

Ratassepp, Irina Raud, Priit Raud, Rein Raud, Anne Rebane,

Peeter Rebane, Riina Reeder, Katrin Remmelkoor, Mart Rep-

nau, Jaanus Rohumaa, Jürgen Rooste, Jaan Ruus, Riho Rõõ-

mus, Piret Rääk, Ain Saarna, Jaak Salumets, Kadi Saluoks,

Aarne Saluveer, Ott Sandrak, Heidi Sarapuu, Marianne-Elisa-

beth Sarapuu, Katrin Savomägi, Toomas Sepp, Eva Sepping,

Andres Siitan, Helen Sildna, Mati Sillak, Kaari Sillamaa, Karl

Martin Sinijärv, Katrin Sirk Aun, Anti Sirkel, Urmo Sitsi, Jele-

na Skulskaja, Maria-Kristiina Soomre, Triin Soone, Liivi Soo-

va, Imre Sooäär, Jaak Sooäär, Ave Sopp, Timo Steiner, Tarmo

Sumberg, Lennart Sundja, Hirvo Surva, Urmas Sõõrumaa,

Peep Sürje, Olga Šubin, Andres Tali, Jaan Tamm, Rein Tam-

me, Sigrid Tammes, Toivo Tammik, Airike Taniloo-Bogatkin,

Kaarel Tarand, Kristian Taska, Laura Taul, Helene Tedre, Kai-

ri Teniste, Aare Toikka, Eduard Toman, Villem Tomiste, Ma-

ret Tormis, Jüri Trei, Evelin Tsirk, Tiina Tšatšua, Tõnu Tuppits,

Toomas Tõniste, Triinu Täht, Reiu Tüür, Andres Uibo, Reet

Urbsoo, Jaan Urvet, Lauri Vahtre, Kersti Vaino, Rein Vaikmäe,

Andres Vakra, Ain Valdmann, Marika Valk, Veronika Valk, Aa-

rne Valmis, Maruta Varrak, Rein Veidemann, Anne Velli, Anne

Velt, Priit Vilba, René Vilbre, Enn Vilgo, Virve Viljus, Ene Vohu,

Igor Volkov, Hardi Volmer, Liisa Triin Vurma, Peeter Vähi, Riina

Vändre, Mai Vöörmann.

sincere thank you to everyone involved

�0

Photos: Toomas Volmer, Ain Avik, Toomas Tuul, Anu Vahtra,

Ann Tenno, Kaido Haagen, Erik Riikoja, Andreas Meischner,

Andrus Kõresaar, Sheila Barry, Estonian National Opera.

Text: Kaarel Tarand

Translation: Maris Vaga

Edited: Michael Haagensen

Layout and design: Identity

Printed: PrintHouse