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1 ORIGIN, PROVENANCE AND EXHUMATION OF GATUNCILLO, TONOSI AND COBACHON FORMATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA By DIEGO ARMANDO RAMIREZ SARMIENTO A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013

Transcript of ORIGIN, PROVENANCE AND EXHUMATION OF GATUNCILLO, … · 2014-04-02 · origin, provenance and...

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ORIGIN, PROVENANCE AND EXHUMATION OF GATUNCILLO, TONOSI AND COBACHON FORMATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF

THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA

By

DIEGO ARMANDO RAMIREZ SARMIENTO

A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL

OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

2013

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© 2013 Diego Armando Ramírez Sarmiento

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To Josefa, Julio, Sandra and César, my lovely family

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to greatly thank Dr. David Foster for his continuous support, guidance

and friendship throughout these years. His great advice helped me to complete one of

the most important personal goals I have achieved so far, and I’ll always be thankful for

that. I would also like to thank Dr. Kyle Min and Dr. John Jaeger, my other two

committee members, who also taught me a lot during all the long discussions and

classes we had.

Thanks also go to Dr. Bruce MacFadden and all the PCP-PIRE members for their

constant support to my research and friendship. Although he wasn’t part of my

committee, Dr. Mark Brenner also helped me every time I needed advice when my

english wasn’t good enough, so thanks Mark.

Special thanks go to Dr. George Kamenov, Dr. Ann Heatherington, Dr. Jen

Gifford, Ashley Russell and Matt Droulliard, for all their assistance in the lab, and to

Federico Moreno, who kindly helped me to explore Panama and collect all my samples.

Dr. Camilo Montes, Dr. Carlos Jaramillo, Dr. Agustín Cardona, Dr. David Farris,

Dr. Rory McFadden and Dr. Austin Hendy were my advisors and friends during my

internship at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; thank you very much to each

one of you.

Special thanks go to my good friends: Elliott Arnold, Luz Helena Oviedo, Aldo

Rincón, Julia Tejada, Anna Jiménez, Fabiany Herrera, Sean Moran, Dylan Loss,

Candler Turner, Chong Ma, James Sutton, Carlos Ortega, Alberto Carmenate, Kevin

Werts, Kevin Liebe, Sadie Belica, Carolyn Ball, Patrick Gelato, Grant Weinkham, Alex

Hastings, John Ezzel, Qianying Lin, Carly Manz, Derrick Newkirk, Christian Stanciu,

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Megan Torpey, Paul Morse, Tania Villaseñor and Catalina Pimiento, for all the great

moments in Gainesville.

Finally, I would like to thank my family: Josefa, Julio, Sandra, César and Rafa. I

wouldn´t have finished my masters without their love and help.

This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation

Partnerships in International Research and Education grant 0966884 (OISE, EAR,

DRL), EAR 0824299, and EAR 0418042.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................. 4

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... 8

LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................... 9

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 12

2 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 15

Volcaniclastic Basement Complexes ............................................................................... 16 Previous Geochronologic And Thermochronological Studies On The Basement

Complex ............................................................................................................................ 17 Cooling Paths Of The Intrusives In Azuero Peninsula, Central Panama And

Western Colombia ........................................................................................................... 19 Low-Temperature Cooling Events In Central Panama ................................................. 20 Eocene Sedimentary Cover .............................................................................................. 20

Gatuncillo Formation ................................................................................................... 21 Tonosi Formation ......................................................................................................... 22

Cobachón Formation ................................................................................................... 24

3 METHODS ........................................................................................................................... 34

U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Analysis .............................................................. 34

Provenance, Maximum Depositional Age and Source of Strata Using Detrital Zircons ............................................................................................................................... 35

Apatite (U-Th)/He Themochronology ............................................................................... 37 Tectonothermal History Using Detrital Apatites ............................................................. 38

4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 40

Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology And Detrital Apatite (U-Th)/He Thermochronology........................................................................................................... 40

Gatuncillo Formation ................................................................................................... 40 Modern Sands from Rivers Draining the San Blas Complex ................................ 42 Tonosi Formation ......................................................................................................... 43

Cobachón Formation ................................................................................................... 43 Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Apatite (U-Th)/He Thermochronology of

Plutonic Rocks ................................................................................................................. 44 Hf Isotopes in Igneous and Detrital Zircons.................................................................... 44

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5 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................... 72

Maximum Depositional Age............................................................................................... 72

Provenance .......................................................................................................................... 72 Middle Eocene.............................................................................................................. 73

Late Eocene.................................................................................................................. 73 Late Oligocene ............................................................................................................. 74 Late Miocene ................................................................................................................ 75

Cooling Events Of The Volcanic Arc Basement............................................................. 75 Origin Of Detrital Zircons ................................................................................................... 77

Paleogeographic Implications ........................................................................................... 78 Exhumation between ~47 – 42 Ma in Central Panama: ........................................ 78 Exhumation between ~32 – 28 Ma in Azuero Peninsula: ..................................... 79

Exhumation between ~22 – 15 Ma in Central Panama and Azuero Peninsula: .................................................................................................................. 80

Exhumation between ~9 – 0 Ma in Azuero Peninsula: .......................................... 81

6 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 89

APPENDIX

A DESCRIPTION OF THE VOLCANICLASTIC BASEMENT COMPLEXES................ 91

B ISOTOPIC AGES FROM THE GRANITOIDS IN PANAMA ......................................... 97

C IGNEOUS AND DETRITAL U-Pb RESULTS ................................................................. 99

D IGNEOUS AND DETRITAL Hf RESULTS .................................................................... 131

LIST OF REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 138

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ..................................................................................................... 145

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LIST OF TABLES

Table page

3-1 Samples, locations and lithology of the samples used in this study (X=

analyzed, - = Not analyzed, B= Barren) ..................................................................... 39

4-1 Apatite (U-Th)/He results for samples from Cerro Montuoso and Parita Intrusives. ........................................................................................................................ 71

5-1 Maximum depositional ages obtained in this study from the youngest U-Pb ages of detrital zircon. YSG = Youngest single grain............................................... 82

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure page

2-1 Location of the study area (Fig. 2-2) and major geologic units (Modified from

Buchs et al. (2011))........................................................................................................ 26

2-2 Major geological features of the study area............................................................. 27

2-3 Cooling paths of the intrusives from Central Panama............................................ 28

2-4 Cooling paths of the intrusives from Azuero Peninsula (CM= Cerro Montuoso, VR= Valle Rico) and Petaquilla (PTQ). ................................................... 29

2-5 Age-elevation relationship for apatite fission-track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He thermochronology (AHe) in: (a) Cerro Azul and (b) Mamoní batholith .................. 30

2-6 Outcrop located at abandoned quarry on the new highway to Colón. ................ 31

2-7 Outcrop of the Lower Tonosi Formation at Bucaró beach.. .................................. 32

2-8 Lithic sandstones and siltstones from the Cobachón Formation at Lajas

River. ................................................................................................................................ 33

4-1 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300332....................................................... 46

4-2 Left: Calcareous litharenite (sample 300332). Right: calcareous – volcanic

conglomerate. ................................................................................................................. 47

4-3 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300332. ................................................................... 48

4-4 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300335....................................................... 49

4-5 Conglomeratic litharenites (sample 300335) interlayered with finely grained, slightly calcareous litharenites. .................................................................................... 50

4-6 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300333....................................................... 51

4-7 Quartz-rich arenites from Cemex Quarry (sample 300333) .................................. 52

4-8 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300339....................................................... 53

4-9 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300340....................................................... 54

4-10 Fine-medium gray calcareous litharenites (sample 300340) underlying a

~5m layer of algal and foraminifera limestones......................................................... 55

4-11 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300340 .................................................................... 56

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4-12 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300334....................................................... 57

4-13 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300334 .................................................................... 58

4-14 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 070242....................................................... 59

4-15 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 070287....................................................... 60

4-16 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 070287. ................................................................... 61

4-17 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300349....................................................... 62

4-18 Gray, well-sorted, fossiliferous litharenites (sample 300349) ............................... 63

4-19 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300349. ................................................................... 64

4-20 Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300351....................................................... 65

4-21 Fine-medium grained litharenite (sample 300351) interbedded with dark calcareous siltstones ..................................................................................................... 66

4-22 Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300351. ................................................................... 67

4-23 U-Pb mean age of crystallization diagram from sample 060072 (Cerro Montuoso Batholith). ...................................................................................................... 68

4-24 U-Pb mean age of crystallization diagram from sample 060065 and 060067. .. 69

4-25 Initial εHf values of detrital zircons plotted versus their U-Pb ages. ..................... 70

5-1 Detrital zircon age distribution diagrams (KDEs) of the sandstone samples

collected in Gatuncillo, Tonosí and Cobachón Formations..................................... 83

5-2 Detrital provenance from sand sample 070242 in Rio Diablo (San Blas

Range). ............................................................................................................................ 84

5-3 A) Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in Rio Mamoní and Rio Portogandí sand samples. B) Detrital AHe ages obtained in 070287 and 300334. .......................... 85

5-4 AHe ages obtained in sandstones from Gatuncillo (300340), Tonosí (300349) and Cobachón (300351) formations. ......................................................... 86

5-5 Simple depiction of partial to complete resetting of the apatite crystals due to burial in strata from Cobachón, Tonosí and Gatunci llo formations. ....................... 87

5-6 Outcrop in Cemex Quarry reveal an unconformity caused by the 22-15 Ma

exhumation event ........................................................................................................... 88

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Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the of Master of Science

ORIGIN, PROVENANCE AND EXHUMATION OF GATUNCILLO, TONOSI AND COBACHON FORMATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF

THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA

By

Diego Armando Ramírez Sarmiento

December 2013

Chair: David Foster Major: Geology

The Eocene Gatuncillo, Tonosí and Cobachón formations constitute the oldest

known Cenozoic sedimentary successions in Central Panama and the Azuero

Peninsula. New detrital zircon U-Pb ages and detrital apatite helium cooling ages

obtained in these formations, combined with previous and unpublished

geochronological and thermochronological studies in igneous and sedimentary rocks,

suggest a sequence of four exhumation episodes of the Panamanian Volcaniclastic

Basement Complex. These events occurred at (1) 47 - 42 Ma, (2) 32 - 28 Ma, (3) 22 -

15 Ma and (4) 9 - 0 Ma; and are related to the tectonic interaction between the

Panamanian Arc with the Farallon and South American plates and the Gorgona

Plateau. The episodes were associated with emergence of land areas based on the

presence of unroofed and volcanic zircons deposited in the sedimentary formations

since the middle Eocene until the late Miocene.

Lu-Hf isotopic data from detrital and intrusive zircons reveal Hf values between +3 and

+16, suggesting an island arc origin for the Panamanian Basement Complex.

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

One of the most important geological events in Cenozoic time was the

emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. The timing of Isthmus uplift, that separated the

Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, constitutes one of the most outstanding questions in

regional and global tectonics, paleoclimate, paleoceanography and paleontology.

Closure of the Isthmus gateway has been interpreted as the trigger for the onset of the

Northern Hemisphere glaciations, the strengthening of the Gulf Stream current, the

Great American Interchange of land mammals, and the increase in Caribbean

molluscan diversity.

Multiple studies based on micropaleontologic, biologic, isotopic and elemental

data indicate that the Isthmus of Panama fully separated the Caribbean Sea and the

Pacific Ocean by ~7 – 3.5 Ma (Keigwin (1978); Keigwin (1982); Duque-Caro (1990);

Coates et al. (1992); Collins et al. (1996); Kameo and Sato (2000); Beu (2001); Coates

et al. (2004); Newkirk and Martin (2009)). A recent study by Montes et al. (2012a),

however, proposes that land had emerged in the area of the Isthmus from Late Eocene

until at least Late Miocene and implies that closure took place earlier than 10 Ma.

Montes et al. (2012a) used new and existing geochronologic and geochemical

data from the San Blas and the Azuero Marginal Complex and demonstrated that these

igneous suites that span the Isthmus are part of a geochemically homogeneous

succession of plateau to supra-subduction arc rocks, intruded by a suite of Campanian

to Eocene intermediate plutonic rocks (Buchs et al., 2010; Montes et al., 2012a; Montes

et al., 2012b). Their evidence for lateral continuity or emergence of the arc during the

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Eocene times is scarce, and based only on thermochronological data from intrusive

bodies located in the vicinity of the Canal Basin.

Support for an emerging landmass in Eocene time is reported through studies of

pollen fossils (Graham, 1985). Graham (1985) describe that the local

paleoenvironmental setting from the vicinity of the Gatuncillo depositional basin included

a series of volcanic islands of moderate to low relief, bordered seaward by shallow

limestone-depositing coralline communities, fringed by mangrove vegetation of

Rhiziphora and Pelliceria. But according to Herrera (pers. comm.) it is difficult to

determine if the fossil pollen found in these outcrops was deposited in-situ or

transported to the place by marine currents.

By studying the oldest known sedimentary successions deposited in Central

Panama and the Azuero Peninsula (Gatuncillo, Cobachón and Tonosí Formations) this

research is focused on deciphering the early history of this orogen. The thermal

information of previously exposed bedrock is retained in the detritus in sedimentary

basins adjacent to the orogenic highland. Detrital and igneous zircon U-Pb, detrital

apatite (U-Th)/He ages and Hf isotopic data are used to constrain: (1) the maximum

depositional age of the three stratigraphic successions, (2) the provenance and origin of

the detrital sediments, and (3) the cooling episodes that brought the sedimentary rocks

and the volcanic basement to the surface.

This research addresses fundamental questions related to the paleogeography of

southeastern Central America during the early stages of the arc, such as: (1) what was

the degree of exhumation of the Isthmus of Panama during the Eocene? and (2) are

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the Tertiary formations of Central Panama and Azuero Peninsula related to the

emergence and erosion of the volcanic basement?

The answer to these questions is not only relevant for geological comprehension

in order to understand the possible effects of the Isthmus closure on the paleoclimate

and paleoceanography of the region. For example, the calibration of nucleotide

sequence divergence rates in the fossil record provides an important method by which

to test many hypotheses of evolution. In the absence of an adequate fossil record,

geological events, rather than the first appearances of sister taxa in the geological

record are often used to calibrate molecular clocks (Marko, 2002).

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CHAPTER 2 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Numerous models for the origin of the Caribbean Plateau have been proposed in

the literature over the past 30 years. Meschede and Frisch (1998) and James (2009)

support a model which suggests the plateau was formed “in place” between North and

South America. By contrast, Pindell (1990), Mann et al. (2007), and Pindell and Kennan

(2001, 2009) propose that the Caribbean formed within the Farallon Plate in a location

in the Pacific close to the equator: the Galapagos hotspot. Although the debate still

continues, regional paleogeographic reconstructions tend to support the latter. The

more recent paleomagnetism, geochronologic, thermochronologic and geochemistry

studies all favor an origin far from its present position (Acton et al., 2000; Sinton et al.,

2000; Lissina, 2005; Montes et al., 2012b).

In this context, Buchs et al. (2010) showed that the Central American volcanic

arc starts forming on the trailing edge of the Caribbean Plateau (or CLIP, Caribbean

Large Igneous Province) at ca. 75 – 65 Ma. The volcanic arc formed because the rate

of spreading in the Proto-Caribbean started to drop dramatically and the subduction

under Costa Rica and Panama accelerated, initiating significant arc magmatism (Pindell

and Kennan, 2001). Part of the Central American volcanic arc with Caribbean Plateau

basement is preserved in the Osa and Burica peninsulas (southern Costa Rica),

Canajagua Range and Western Chain (Azuero Peninsula, western Panama) and the

San Blas – Darién Range (central and eastern Panama) (Fig. 2-1).

In this section I give a brief description of the rock units that make up the Central

American arc and the related cover strata.

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Volcaniclastic Basement Complexes

Originally interpreted as solely representing uplifted and exposed edges of the

southernmost Caribbean Plateau (Hoernle et al., 2002), many oceanic terranes in Costa

Rica and western Panama have recently been reinterpreted as representing a complex

association of temporally and geochemically distinct stages of arc construction atop the

CLIP (Buchs et al., 2010). According to Buchs et al. (2009, 2010), the Golfito Complex,

Osa Igneous Complex and Azuero Marginal Complex (Appendix A; Fig. 2-1) record a

series of tectono-magmatic episodes (Protoarc and Arc) produced by the continuous

subduction of the Farallon plate underneath the Late Cretaceous Caribbean plateau.

Montes et al. (2012a) also argue that, as well as the units described by Buchs et

al. (2009, 2010) in Costa Rica and western Panama, the basement rocks from central

and eastern Panama (San Blas Range) present a succession of volcanic arc complexes

(Appendix A). Exposures of these rocks in the San Blas Complex are divided into three

main units based on their immobile trace element concentration. From bottom to top: 1.

Lower member (or Group I): interpreted as an oceanic plateau; 2. Middle member (or

Group II): interpreted as a protoarc; and 3. Upper member (or Group III): interpreted as

an arc.

The geochemical signature of these basaltic successions, which show an

evolutionary pattern from oceanic plateau to mature arc, can be traced from Costa Rica

to eastern Panama. This suggests that all these volcanic complexes comprised part of

the same volcanic belt during the Late Cretaceous (Recchi and Metti, 1975; Montes et

al., 2012b).

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Previous Geochronologic And Thermochronological Studies On The Basement Complex

Radiometric studies have been conducted on the San Blas Basement Complex

since the 1970s. Montes et al. (2012a) summarized the previous data and presented

numerous U-Pb zircon analyses of plutonic igneous rocks. These authors show that

significant magmatic activity started around 70 Ma and peaked around 50 Ma, which is

in agreement with the 75 - 65 Ma age of initiation of arc volcanism proposed by Buchs

et al. (2010).

The intrusive rocks of San Blas Range give U-Pb zircon ages of 54.1 ± 1.2, 54.7

± 1.2, 58.5 ± 1.3 and 58.7 ± 1.4 Ma (Cerro Azul diorite/gabbro) and 39.4 ± 0.8 and 49.7

± 1.0 Ma (Mamoni tonalite/quartzdiorite) (Montes et al. 2012a) (Appendix B). Farther

east, along the San Blas Range, six geographically spaced granitoids gave

crystallization ages of 58.3 ± 1.0, 59.0 ± 1.9, 58.6 ± 1.6, 49.7 ± 1.6, 49.5 ± 1.1 and 49.5

± 0.9 (Montes, pers. comm.). Two granitoids in western Colombia (Mandé Batholith)

gave U-Pb zircon ages of 42.5 ± 1.3 and 43.8 ± 0.8 Ma (Cardona et al., 2010). Overall

these results indicate crystallization of multiple plutons occurred in the Central American

arc during Late Paleocene – Early Eocene time.

Wegner et al. (2011) obtained 40Ar/39Ar ages from some of the plutonic rocks

(Appendix B). Amphibole analysis from Cerro Azul yielded 49.38 ± 1.04 Ma and

amphiboles from Mamoni yielded 47.18 ± 1.29 Ma. An amphibole older age of 61.49 ±

2.32 Ma was also reported in a microdiorite from Cerro Azul. At the Chuluganti River, a

granodiorite intrusive was dated in 68.52 ± 5.02 Ma (amphibole), and another in Chepo

River in 49.90 ± 2.16 Ma (amphibole) (Wegner et al., 2011). Most of these plutons were

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emplaced at shallow crustal levels so that the amphibole cooling ages are interpreted as

emplacement ages.

(U-Th)/He in zircon (ZHe), apatite fission-track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He in apatite

(AHe) analyses from Panama and Colombia were reported by Montes et al. (2012),

Farris et al. (2011) and Villagómez and Spikings (2013) (Appendix B). ZHe ages range

between ca. 51 and 41 Ma in Cerro Azul; AFT analyses yield cooling ages of ca. 50-44

Ma in Cerro Azul and ca. 45-35 Ma in the Mamoni pluton; and AHe ages range from ca.

23 to 6 Ma, with predominant ages at ~12 Ma, in the Cerro Azul; ca. 29-19 Ma in

Mamoni and ca. 22-19 Ma in Petaquilla. Younger ages were obtained in the Mandé

Batholith (western Colombia): ZFT analysis yield 41.6 ± 5.4 and 46.4 ± 5.8 Ma; ZHe

yield 32.8 ± 0.7 Ma; AFT yield 38.1 ± 5.4 and 37.8 ± 5.2 Ma; and AHe yield 3.9 ± 0.2 Ma

(Villagómez and Spikings, 2013).

In the Azuero Peninsula, granitoid samples (tonalite and granodiorite) yield U-Pb

crystallization ages ranging between Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Early Eocene

(Lutetian). In the Western Chain (Cerro Montuoso), ages reported are: 67.6 ± 1.4, 67.6

± 1.0 and 66.0 ± 1.0 Ma; in Canajagua Range (Valle Rico): 49.2 ± 0.9 Ma; and close to

the town of Chitré (Parita): 48.1 ± 1.2 and 41.1 ± 0.7 Ma (Appendix B). All these ages

are in the same range as the suite of intermediate composition granitic plutonic rocks

from the San Blas Complex (Montes et al., 2012b).

Lissina (2005) reports 40Ar/39Ar ages of 50 ± 0.3 Ma (plagioclase) and 49.5 ± 0.2

Ma (Plagioclase) in the Cerro Quema granodiorite (Valle Rico); and 50.7 ± 0.1 Ma

(plagioclase) on one granite intrusive close to the town of Pedasí. A diorite in Soná

Peninsula gave a biotite cooling age of 50 ± 0.2 Ma.

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A recent study by Corral (2013) also give amphibole 40Ar/39Ar ages from intrusive

bodies: 65.7 ± 1.4 Ma for the Cerro Montuoso batholith; 67.9 ± 1.3, 66.0 ± 1.1 and 65.6

± 1.3 Ma for the dacites of the Rio Quema Formation; 54.8 ± 1.2 Ma for the Valle Rico

batholith and 40.8 ± 1.4 Ma for the Parita batholith.

Cardona (pers. comm, unpublished data) reports ZnHe ages of 32.94 ± 0.66 and

32.77 ± 0.62 Ma; and AHe ages of 33.22 ± 1.15 and 29.91 ± 0.83 Ma from the Valle

Rico Intrusive. In the Cerro Montuoso pluton, ZnHe analyzes yielded cooling ages of

48.79 ± 0.98 and 43.01 ± 0.86 Ma (Cardona, pers. comm.) and AHe ages between ~16

and 10 Ma. The Parita pluton yields AHe cooling ages between 17 – 8 Ma (this study).

No intrusive igneous rocks with Paleocene - Eocene range of ages have been

described in Costa Rica. Appendix B summarizes the previous geochronology and

thermochronology results from Panama from the Azuero Peninsula to Western

Colombia.

Cooling Paths Of The Intrusives In Azuero Peninsula, Central Panama And Western Colombia

Figures 2-3 and 2-4 illustrate the cooling path reconstructions of the intrusives

located in Central Panama and western Colombia, and Azuero Peninsula, respectively

(Appendix B). According to these results, the Cerro Azul, Mamoní and Mandé plutons

cooled along two episodes: (1) rapid at approximate rates of ~81oC/My, ~180oC/My and

~134oC/My from ~850oC to ~110oC, respectively, and (2) at much slower rates of

~1oC/My, ~1.6oC/My and ~1oC/My from ~110oC to ~75oC, respectively (Figure 2-3). In

contrast, Cerro Montuoso, Valle Rico, Parita and Petaquilla cooled on three episodes

(Figure 2-4) but the ages are not consistent in all the intrusives in order to calculate the

rates of cooling at higher temperatures. In Cerro Montuoso, the plutonic rock with most

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consistent results, display cooling events between ~850oC and ~500oC at a rate of

~269oC/My; between ~500oC and ~230oC at a rate of ~13.60C/My and between ~230oC

and ~75oC at a rate of 4.4oC/My. In Valle Rico, the pluton cooled between ~500oC and

~230oC at a rate of 12.2oC/My and between ~230oC and 75oC at a rate of 118oC/My;

and Petaquilla cooled at a rate of 31.7oC/My between ~500oC and ~230oC.

Low-Temperature Cooling Events In Central Panama

The Cerro Azul gabbro and Mamoni quartzdiorite, are the only two plutonic

bodies in which previous low-temperature thermochronology studies have been

performed in Central Panama (Fig 2-5).

According to Montes et al. (2012a), these intrusives, located on the eastern hills

of the Canal Basin, experienced two main cooling episodes:

1. At 47 – 42 Ma: This significant cooling episode is recorded by ZHe and AFT data.

According to Montes et al. (2012a) this event brought the Cerro Azul and Mamoni granitoids from temperatures of 200 – 230 0C to below 110 ± 100C in less than 10

my.

2. At 12 – 9 Ma: This event, which was only recorded by AHe data from the Cerro Azul pluton, resulted in cooling below ~75 ± 50C. During this episode, the

intrusive rocks were exhumed over a vertical interval of about 800 m, through temperatures that correspond to the apatite He partial annealing zone (70-40˚C),

or 2-3 km of the crust, at a rate of up to ~1 km/my.

Farris et al. (2011) reports an aditional cooling event that might have ocurred

between 27 and 18 Ma in the Mamoni intrusive. In this study most of the samples were

collected at similar elevations (~200 m), so exhumation associated with this cooling

through the AHe partial retention zone can not be evaluated.

Eocene Sedimentary Cover

Paleocene and early Eocene sedimentary rocks have not been recognized in the

Isthmus of Panama (Woodring, 1957). The oldest known Cenozoic sedimentary rocks

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comprise the Darién, Gatuncillo, Tonosi and Cobachón formations (Fig. 2-2). Terry

(1956) speculated that these units represent a transgression over a predominantly

volcanic basement; however, the areal extent of the succession is not well known. The

next section gives a brief description of the three forearc sedimentary units that were

the object of this study: the Gatuncillo, Tonosí and Cobachón formations.

Gatuncillo Formation

The Gatuncillo Formation consists chiefly of a 150 – 800 m succession of soft,

finely bedded, uniformly fine and even grained yellowish gray or buff colored

mudstones, siltstones (slightly calcareous) (Figure 2-6), quartz sandstones, impure

bentonites, interbedded lenses of lignite (a few cm to 1-2 m thick) and coralline and

foraminiferal limestone (Thompson, 1944; Woodring, 1957; Graham et al., 1985). At the

base of the sequence a conglomerate ~30 to 90 cm thick consists largely of altered

volcanic pebbles and cobbles resting on altered volcanic rocks (Reeves and Ross,

1930; Thompson, 1944; Woodring, 1957). According to Woodring and Thompson

(1949) the Formation unconformably overlies the San Blas Complex basement. The Río

Gatún fault, however, terminates the exposure of Gatuncillo Formation to the north, and

the Azota fault defines portions of its western limits (Graham, 1985) such that the

depositional contact is not exposed.

Micropaleontological studies on the Gatuncillo Formation started in 1891, when

Douvillé wrote that calcareous algae and heterostegine and orbitoid foraminifera were

found in limestone at San Juan in the Upper Chagres valley (Woodring, 1957). Since

then, Vaughan (1926) and Coryell and Embich (1937) studied the foraminiferal fauna,

Cooke (1948) the echinoids, Cole (1949) the larger foraminifera, Woodring (1957 –

1980) the mollusks and Budd et al. (1992) the corals. On the basis of the stratigraphic

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distribution of these fossils in other Caribbean deposits, the authors conclude that

Gatuncillo is middle (?) to late Eocene in age.

All the taxa present clearly indicate growth in shallow (intermediate photic zone,

20 - 70 m), warm (>22oC), open marine, clear tropical waters. The lack of planktonic

foraminifera and the excellent preservation of shells are consistent with in situ

deposition and minimal transport. Larger foraminifera and corals are characteristic of

tropical waters with little input of terrigenous material, suggesting deposition near

islands and away from large rivers. The presence of H. alabamemsis supports a

deeper-shelf depositional setting (Tripati and Zachos, 2002), nevertheless, lignites with

presence of Rhizophora, Conocarpus, Avicenia, Laguncularia and Pelliceria pollen

evidence also nearshore deposition in mangrove swamps (Graham, 1985). Tripati and

Zachos (2002) interpret these sediments as having been deposited in reef and shallow

foreslope settings, in water depths of 20 – 70 m.

Tonosi Formation

The Tonosi Formation is exposed over most of the Azuero Peninsula (Buchs et

al., 2011) and it is conformed by a basal trangressive sequence of ~40 to 400 m-thick of

coarse clastic rocks with minor coal seams interbedded with shallow marine limestones

(Lower unit), followed by a ~500 to 800 m-thick deepening upward section of mainly

turbiditic sediments (Upper unit) (Kolarsky et al., 1995). The base unit of the Tonosi

Formation is Late Eocene (Buchs et al., 2011) and the upper unit ranges in age

between the Late Oligocene and Miocene (Kolarsky et al., 1995).

At Punta Bucaró, target of the present study, the Lower unit crops out as a 560

m-thick section of basal conglomerate and minor sandstones; with no limestones

present (Figure 2-7). It is assumed to directly overlie basement, although at this locality

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the base of the section is not exposed and the lowermost beds are assumed to be

faulted against basaltic basement (Kolarsky et al., 1995).

Conglomerate beds range from massively bedded to thinly bedded and exhibit no

thinning or finning upward trends. Thinly bedded conglomerate is more common than

massive conglomerate, with beds of sand and gravel commonly 4 to 5 cm thick. Beds

define both planar parallel stratification and tabular foresets. In decreasing abundance,

conglomerate clasts include basalt, sandstone and shale fragments similar in lithology

to Ocú Formation, and shell fragments (Kolarsky et al., 1995).

Minor sandstone and siltstone beds make up less than 5% of the section. They

are commonly 5 to 200 cm thick, poorly sorted, fine to coarse grained, and rarely

pebbly. Sedimentary structures in sandstone beds include normal grading and planar

cross stratification and through cross-stratification (Kolarsky et al., 1995)

According to Krawinkel et al. (1999) the modal analysis to determine the

provenance and tectonic setting of this rocks support erosion of an island arc system,

uplifted accreted seamounts and metamorphic rocks (Buchs et al., 2011). The

geochemistry of the clinopyroxenes present in the Lower Tonosi sandstones indicates

derivation from evolved basaltic magma types like within plate tholeiites, ocean floor

basalts or volcanic arc basalts. Therefore, this scenario suggests that the uplifted

Azuero Arc Group and Azuero Accretionary Complex provided most of the detrital

component of the Tonosí Formation (Buchs et al., 2011).

Dominance of stratified conglomerate over massive conglomerate and the

complete absence of mudstone interbeds suggest deposition of the Lower Tonosí

Formation by traction currents of sheet flow in a high-energy shallow water

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environment. The presence of rare fossil-rich beds and lenses in conglomerate and

sandstone is interpreted as the product of storm reworking and supports a shallow-

water environment of deposition (Kolarsky et al., 1995).

Fossil fruits and seeds reported by Herrera et al. (2012) indicate the possible

presence of nearby lowland rainforests in the Búcaro area; in agreement with the

description of mangroove swamp palynomorphs found in the Gatuncillo Formation by

Graham (1985). This macro and micro flora would be the first record of vegetation that

colonized land in the Isthmus of Panama.

No depositional ages from the Bucaro beach section have been obtained before;

two samples of finer-grained material were barren of microfossils (Kolarsky et al., 1995).

Cobachón Formation

The Cobachón Formation is a >300 m thick, folded and faulted sedimentary

succession that unconformably rests on top of the Azuero Accretionary Complex and is

separated by an unconformity from the overlying Tonosi Formation (Buchs et al., 2011).

The Cobachón Formation includes three facies: (1) Facies 1: interbeds of volcaniclastic

calcareous lutite, siltstone and sandstone (Figure 2-8). The beds are typically 3 to 50

cm thick and define parallel layers that extend over several hundreds of meters. It has

been interpreted as turbiditic deposits. (2) Facies 2: is composed of 50 cm to ~50 m (?)

thick chaotic deposits, which are interbedded with Facies 1 and 3. The deposits are

matrix supported and contain abundant fragments of basalt, shallow marine limestone

and soft-deformed sediments. It has been interpreted as mass-flow deposits. (3) Facies

3: Is composed of sandstones with abundant rounded and well-rounded pebbles of

basalt and shallow marine limestone. The sediments are matrix-supported. It has been

interpreted as slope, near littoral deposits. On the basis of these observations, the

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Cobachón Formation represents a shallowing-upward sequence deposited on top of the

Azuero Accretionary Complex (Buchs et al., 2011).

An Early to Middle Eocene age can be determined from reworked larger benthic

foraminifera near the base of the section, whereas a Middle Eocene age, results from

the analysis of large benthic foraminifera in the matrix of chaotic deposits (Buchs et al.,

2011).

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Figure 2-1. Location of the study area (Fig. 2-2) and major geologic units (Modified

from Buchs et al. (2011)).

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Figure 2-2. Major geological features of the study area. Red stars show the

location of the samples collected for this study. Numbers represent intrusives previously dated (Ages reported in Appendix B). Gatuncillo, Tonosi and Cobachón Fm. limits were defined in Stewart et al. (1980)

and Buchs et al. (2011).

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Figure 2-3. Cooling paths of the intrusives from Central Panama (CA= Cerro

Azul and Mamoní) and western Colombia (Mandé).

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Figure 2-4. Cooling paths of the intrusives from Azuero Peninsula (CM= Cerro Montuoso, VR= Valle Rico) and Petaquilla (PTQ).

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Figure 2-5. Age-elevation relationship for apatite fission-track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He

thermochronology (AHe) in: (a) Cerro Azul (Modified from Montes et al., 2012) and (b) Mamoní batholith (Modified from Montes et al., 2012 and Farris

et al., 2011)

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Figure 2-6. Outcrop located at abandoned quarry on the new highway to Colón. Gray, slightly calcareous siltstones underlying foraminiferal limestones of the Gatuncillo Formation (Photo taken by author).

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Figure 2-7. Outcrop of the Lower Tonosi Formation at Bucaró beach. Basal conglomeratic sandstones and coarse sandstones in planar parallel

stratification (Photo taken by author).

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Figure 2-8. Lithic sandstones and siltstones from the Cobachón Formation at Lajas

River (Photo taken by author).

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CHAPTER 3 METHODS

Zircon and apatite grains were separated from rock (sedimentary and igneous)

and sediment (sand) samples using standard crushing, pulverizing, washing, sieving

(No. 50 mesh), heavy liquids (tetrabromoethane (TBE) and methylene iodide (MeI)) and

paramagnetic procedures. The samples used in this study and location information are

given in Table 3-1 and Figure 2-2.

U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Analysis

For U-Pb and Hf analyses, zircon crystals were handpicked and placed onto

double-sided tape, mounted in an epoxy plug together with FC-1 standards, and

polished to expose the central region of the grain. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging

was performed using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with a Gatan miniCL

detector to decipher the internal structures of surface of the sectioned grains. Before

laser ablation, the epoxy plugs were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with diluted HNO3 to

remove common Pb surface contamination.

Analyses were carried out at the Department of Geological Sciences, University

of Florida, using a Nu-Plasma (Nu Instruments, UK) Laser Ablation Multi-Collector

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA-MC-ICP-MS). The mounted zircon

grains were ablated with a New Wave 213 nm ultraviolet laser, using a laser spot size of

20-30 μm for U-Pb and 40 μm for Hf. Ar and He carrier gas was used for sample

transport into the mass spectrometer. Before each ablation, a zero measurement was

taken for 20s in order to take on-line corrections for isobaric interferences, especially

from 204Hg, a common product of argon gas. Following this blank period, laser ablation

commenced for 30s, keeping a constant ablation pit depth, therefore reducing the

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existence of elemental fractionation. Ablations occurred in intervals of 10 zircons,

directly preceded and followed by ablation of two FC-1 standard zircons in U-Pb

analyses. For Hf analyses the ablation time was 120s per crystal, with analysis of one

FC-1 standard each 15 unknowns.

Detrital and magmatic zircon U-Pb data reduction was referenced to standard

zircon (FC-1) from the Duluth Gabbro dated at 1099.0 ± 0.7 Ma and 1099.1 ± 0.5 Ma

(Black et al., 2003). Single-ages were calculated in Microsoft Excel using CALAMARI

(in-house spreadsheet) and then plotted in Kernel Density Plots using Density Plotter

(Vermeesch, 2012) and Weighted Mean Average plots and inverse Concordia plots

using Isoplot/Ex (Ludwig, 2008).

Hf isotopic measurements were made following the procedures summarized by

Mueller et al. (2008) on zircons previously analyzed for U-Pb. Depleted-mantle values

are based on a linear model (εHf = 0 at 4.56 Ga and 16 at 0 Ga) similar to that of Nowell

et al. (1998); Chondritic Uniform Reservoir (CHUR) values are after Blichert-Toft and

Albarede (1997), as recommended by Patchett et al. (2004). Corrections made for

background signal, instrumental mass bias, and isobaric interferences of Lu and Yb

isotopes on mass 176 are described by Gerdes and Zeh (2009) (Morag et al., 2011).

Provenance, Maximum Depositional Age and Source of Strata Using Detrital Zircons

Traditionally, U-Pb results are plotted on Probability Density Plots (PDP). In this

study, interpretations were determined using Kernel Density Estimations (KDE).

According to Vermeesch (2012) the Probability Density Plots lacks of theoretical basis

and can produce counterintuitive results when data quantity (number of analyses)

and/or quality (precision) is high. These are calculated by summing a number of

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Gaussian distributions whose means and standard deviations correspond to the

individual ages and their respective analytical uncertainties. Kernel Density Estimations

on the other hand, also involves summing a set of Gaussian distributions, however does

not explicitly take into account the analytical uncertainties.

In this manner, the provenance study entailed the determination of U‐ Pb ages of

60 to 117 individual zircon grains from each sample, plotted latter on a KDE.

Interpretations derived from detrital zircon age populations were based on the view that

only clusters of ages record robust sources ages. By comparing the ages of the detrital

minerals with the ages of the potential sources, it can be determined the ultimate

sources of the sediment (Gehrels et al., 2006).

To constrain the earliest possible (maximum) depositional ages of the strata,

Dickinson and Gehrels (2009) recommend the use of multiple youngest-age measures.

According to the authors, using the youngest single grain age measured (YSG) and the

youngest graphical age peak (YPP) produces the more conservative and statistically

robust results. Both measures were analyzed for each one of the samples, however

only the YSG ages were taken in count for the analyses.

Finally, by combining Lu-Hf isotopic data with single detrital zircons of known

age, new insights on the provenance and source of the sandstones can be provided

(Kinny and Maas, 2003; Morag et al., 2011). The 176Hf/177Hf of a rock is commonly

expressed in terms of Epsilon units, which compare 176Hf/177Hf of a rock sample with

176Hf/177Hf of the bulk silicate earth (CHUR):

ε0Hf = (((176Hf/177Hf )0

sample / (176Hf/177Hf )0

CHUR)-1) x 104

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Mantle reservoir contributing to crust formation has been depleted gradually with

time relative to the CHUR (Chondritic Uniform Reservoir) in terms of Hf and Nd isotopes

(Vervoort and Blichert-Toft, 1999). Thus, positive εHf values in zircon are indicative that

the U-Pb ages represent the extraction age from juvenile material extracted from the

mantle at or shortly before being incorporated into the felsic melts with limited crustal

contamination, whereas negative values are interpreted under the assumption that the

parental magmas of the zircons were produced mainly from crustal materials that were

originally extracted from the depleted mantle at some earlier time with limited mixing of

juvenile material (Iizuka et al., 2005).

Apatite (U-Th)/He Themochronology

Igneous and detrital apatite crystals were handpicked from the nonmagnetic

fraction of the MEI liquid float/TBE sink concentrate using a high-power (180x) stereo-

zoom microscope under reflected and transmitted light. Each selected grain was

inspected for inclusions and digitally measured in at least two different orientations

before being individually wrapped in ~500 μm × 500 μm platinum tubes.

Sample packets were loaded in a stainless steel planchette along with similarly

packed Durango apatite standards (~31.5 Ma; Farley, 2000), and individually heated

using a diode laser at 7 Amp for 3 min followed by a second extraction (He re-

extraction) to ensure complete degassing. The extracted gas was spiked with a known

amount of 99.99% 3He, purified with a NP-10 getter, and then analyzed using a

quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) with a Channeltron electron multiplier. Once 4He

measurements were complete, the degassed sample packets were transferred to teflon

vials, mixed with a shot of spike (230Th-235U-149Sm) and dissolved with ~5% nitric acid at

~120 °C during 3 hours (Shan et al., 2013).

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The isotopic ratios of U, Th and Sm were determined using a Thermo-Finnigan

Element2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) at the University of

Florida.

Alpha ejection was corrected using the method of Farley and others (1996),

modified by Farley (2002). The method proposed by Rahl et al. (2003) for detrital

zircons was not necessary in this study because crystals did not present any signs of

abrasion or rounding.

Tectonothermal History Using Detrital Apatites

Detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronologic studies identify the cooling ages of

6 to 14 grains from each sample, providing the thermal information of previously

exposed bedrock that now is retained in the sedimentary basin adjacent to the orogenic

highland (Bernet and Spiegel, 2004). Helium is produced within apatite grains during

alpha decay from Uranium and Thorium isotopes. However, it is only retained at

temperatures cooler than ~70 – 80 0C. By measuring the (U-Th)/He concentrations

within each apatite, an age is determined for when that grain was cooled through the

partial retention interval. Then, the lag time between the cooling age and the time of

formation of the sediment or sedimentary rock is the interval of time when the

exhumation and erosion occurred (Bernet and Spiegel, 2004).

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Table 3-1. Samples, locations and lithology of the samples used in this study (X= analyzed, - = Not analyzed, B= Barren)

Sample I.D. Coordinates Location Analysis Lithology

U-Pb AHe Hf

070242 9°25'11.26"N 78°34'17.34"W

Diablo River X - X Sand

070287 9° 5'41.45"N

77°55'50.70"W

Portogandi river X X - Sand

300332 9°19'52.55"N 79°36'48.50"W

Gatuncillo Fm. Road to Santo Domingo

X X - Calcareous sandstone

300333 9° 8'48.70"N 79°32'7.15"W

Gatuncillo Fm. Cemex Quarry

X - - Quartz arenite

300334 9°14'15.95"N

79° 4'23.29"W

Mamoni River X X X Sand

300335 9°20'21.01"N 79°36'47.63"W

Gatuncillo Fm. Road to Santo Domingo

X - - Lithic sandstone

300339 9°16'33.32"N 79°43'28.04"W

Gatuncillo Fm. New highway to Colón

X - X Lithic sandstone

300340 9°12'15.88"N

79°39'19.79"W

Gatuncillo Fm. New

highway, old quarry

X X - Lithic

sandstone 300342 7°20'49.70"N

80°21'5.47"W Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

B - - Conglomeratic sandstone

300344 7°20'46.28"N 80°21'4.79"W

Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

- - - Lithic siltstone

300345 7°20'42.65"N

80°21'5.58"W

Tonosi Fm. Bucaró

Beach

- - - Calcareous

siltstone 300346 7°20'37.14"N

80°21'6.48"W Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

B - - Calcareous siltstone

300347 7°20'29.29"N 80°21'6.59"W

Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

B - - Calcareous siltstone

300348 7°20'20.51"N

80°21'12.38"W

Tonosi Fm. Bucaró

Beach

B - - Interbedded

siltstones 300349 7°20'4.52"N

80°21'17.17"W Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

X X - Calcareous sandstone

300351 7°12'49.57"N 80°42'0.86"W

Cobachón Fm. Mouth of Lajas River

X X X Lithic sandstone

300352 7°12'45.07"N

80°42'5.47"W

Cobachón Fm. Mouth

of Lajas River

B - - Conglomeratic

sandstone 300353 7°21'1.12"N

80°21'13.79"W Tonosi Fm. Bucaró Beach

B - - Conglomeratic sandstone

060065 7°59'30.40"N 80°31'30.90"W

Parita X X X Tonalite

060067 7°59'33.40"N

80°31'54.70"W

Parita X - X Tonalite

060072 7°43'9.50"N 80°49'2.90"W

Cerro Montuoso X X X Diorite / Granodiorite

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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS

Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology And Detrital Apatite (U-Th)/He Thermochronology

All the analytical results are listed in Appendix C and D. Gatuncillo Formation

A total of 5 samples were analyzed for detrital zircon U-Pb and two for detrital (U-

Th)/He (AHe) from the Gatuncillo Formation.

Samples 300332 and 300335 were collected on the road that connects the old

Panama - Colón highway with the town of Santo Domingo (see Table 3-1 for

coordinates). The first sample (300332) is a well sorted, fine to very fine-grained

calcareous litharenite overlain by a clast-supported, poorly sorted calcareous

conglomerate constituted by algae, coral and foraminifera rounded fragments; basalts

and dacites (Figure 4-2). Sr-isotopic and U-Pb dating studies on the calcareous

boulders yield ages of 28 ± 1 and 29 ± 1.9 respectively (Silva, pers. comm.). The

litharenite provided 60 detrital zircons with ages ranging between ca. 27 and 70 Ma.

The KDE displays 3 clusters of ages with peaks at ca. 28, 38 and 52 Ma (Figure 4-1).

The possible maximum depositional ages are: YPP: 28 Ma or YSG: 27 Ma. These ages

are in agreement with the isotopic data obtained from the overlaying conglomerate.

AHe analyses yielded 13 single-grain cooling ages between ca. 15 and 37 Ma

(Figure 4-3). The maximum cluster of ages is present at ca. 22 Ma, however the results

also display other crystals with cooling ages between ca. 15 – 19 and 26 – 33 Ma.

The second sample (300335) is located stratigraphically higher than 300332. It

constitutes a ~50cm package of gray conglomeratic litharenites interlayered with finely

grained, slightly calcareous litharenites (Figure 4-5). Twenty-eight detrital zircons were

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collected from this sample, which can be grouped in 2 different populations at ca. 23

and 50 – 60 Ma (Figure 4-4). The maximum depositional ages considered for this strata

are 21 Ma (YSG) and 23 Ma (YPP).

Sample 300333 was collected from a homogeneous package of quartzose

arenites (Figure 4-7) overlying a ~50m outcrop of limestones exploited by Cemex. The

contact between the two packages is not clearly exposed in the field, but is interpreted

as erosional. Previous Sr –isotope ratio studies in the limestones yield ages of 40 ± 1

and 37 ± 1 Ma (Silva, pers. comm.). In the sandstones, a total of 141 detrital zircons

were analyzed, distinguishing 3 different populations. Peaks in the KDE occur at ca. 32,

45 and 54 Ma (Figure 4-6). The maximum age of deposition for this sandstone is YPP:

~32 Ma or YSG: ~27 Ma, evidencing a stratigraphic gap between the deposition of the

limestones and the overlying quartzose arenites.

Two samples (300339 and 300340) were collected on the new Panama – Colon

highway. Only 300340 was utilized for detrital AHe thermochronology.

Sample 300339 is a medium-coarse grained volcanic litharenite interbedded with

~1m volcanic conglomerate strata. This sandstone yield 68 zircon U-Pb ages between

ca. 41 – 62 Ma illustrating two representative clusters at ca. 47 and 58 Ma in the KDE

(Figure 4-8). The maximum depositional age for this sample is about 41 Ma. (YSG) or

47 Ma. (YPP).

The sample 300340 was collected in one old quarry near the Chagres River. In

the outcrop, a ~3m homogeneous layer of fine-medium gray calcareous litharenites

underlie a ~5m layer of algal and foraminifera limestones (Figure 4-10). In this

sandstone, fossil fruits are found just below the contact with the limestones. Strontium-

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isotopic and U-Pb ages on the limestones have yield 48 ± 10 and 46 ± 1.9 Ma

respectively. The sample collected contained 101 U-Pb detrital zircons with ages

distributed between ~36 Ma and 72 Ma. Major populations are found at ca. 44 and 54

Ma. (Figure 4-9). Possible maximum depositional ages are: YSG: 36 Ma and YPP: 44

Ma.

The sample 300340 also yielded 13 AHe ages between ca. 5 – 28 Ma. The most

prominent peak is found at ca. 18 Ma, but one younger (between ca. 5 – 10 Ma) and

older (between ca. 25 – 29 Ma) are also displayed on the Kernel density plot (Figure 4-

11).

Modern Sands from Rivers Draining the San Blas Complex

Three sandbar samples were collected on different rivers draining the San Blas

Complex. All samples were located inside the river channel and various km. away

before its mouth in order to ascertain that all the eroded crystals came from a source

inside the river basin.

Sample 300334 was collected in the Mamoní River ~5km after the Corpus Christi

River mouth and ~14km before its mouth into the Bayano River. Nineteen detrital

zircons yielded highly consistent ages between ca. 40 – 50 Ma. forming one single peak

at ca. 42 Ma (Figure 4-12).

Apatite Helium KDE for 300334, displays two prominent clusters of cooling ages

at ca. 20 and 28 Ma; and two single-grain ages at about 8 and 13 Ma (Figure 4-13).

The other two sand samples were collected on rivers geographically spaced,

draining the Caribbean side of the San Blas Complex.

Sample 070242 from Rio Diablo yielded 103 U-Pb detrital zircons with ages

between ca. 39 and 70 Ma. The Kernel Density Plot displays 4 clusters of ages at ca.

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(1) 39, (2) 50 – 54, (3) 58 – 62 and (4) 68 – 72 Ma, with predominant populations in

groups 2 and 3 (Figure 4-14).

The third sand sample (070287), collected on the Portogandí River, contained 72

detrital zircons with ages ranging from ca. 38 to 52 Ma. The dispersion of U-Pb ages

was low, forming one single peak at ca. 44 Ma (Figure 4-15), very similar in range to the

ages obtained in sample 300334, located in central Panamá.

Sample 070287 displays 15 cooling ages between ca. 10 and 41 Ma, with

clusters at ca. 14, 19 and 32 Ma in the KDE (Figure 4-16)

Tonosi Formation

Nine litharenite and conglomeratic litharenite samples were collected on Bucaró

Beach, Azuero Peninsula. Only one sample contained sufficient detrital zircon and

apatite for U-Pb and He analysis.

Sample 300349 is a gray, well-sorted, fossiliferous litharenite located on the top

of the Bucaró section (Figure 4-18). Eighty-five detrital zircons were analyzed for U-Pb,

displaying clusters of ages at ca. 38 and 51 Ma. (Figure 4-17). The maximum

depositional age for this sample was established in YSG: 34 Ma or YPP: 38 Ma.

Helium analyses on the apatites yielded 10 cooling ages between ca. 1 and 21

Ma. Except for one crystal with an apparent age of about 20 Ma, the rest fall within the

range ca. 1 and 10 Ma (Figure 4-19).

Cobachón Formation

Sample 300351 was collected at one beach outcrop close to the mouth of the

Lajas River, on west Azuero Peninsula (Figure 4-21). The sandstone is a fine-medium

grained litharenite interbedded with dark calcareous siltstones. According to Buchs et al.

(2011) this outcrop represents the Facies 1 of this formation. This sample gives U-Pb

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detrital zircon ages ranging between ca. 42 and 56 Ma, establishing one single

representative cluster at 46 Ma (Figure 4-20). The maximum depositional age for this

sample is YSG: 42 Ma or YPP: 46 Ma.

AHe analyses of sample 300351 yielded cooling ages between ~15 and 28 Ma.

Five grains display a maximum peak at ca. 17 Ma and one single crystal form another

peak at ca. 28 Ma in the KDE plot (Figure 4-22)

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Apatite (U-Th)/He Thermochronology of Plutonic Rocks

Two samples from the Parita Batholith (060065, 060067) and one from Cerro

Montuoso Batholith (060072), in the Azuero Peninsula, were collected for zircon U-Pb

and apatite (U-Th)/He analyses (Table 4-1).

Twenty-two zircons were analyzed from the Cerro Montuoso sample (Figure 4-

23). The Weighted Mean 238 U/206 Pb age of the zircons is 67.89 ± 0.59 Ma with 95%

confidence and an MSWD of 16. The individuation spot analyses yielded ages ranging

from ca. 65 – 71 Ma. This mean age is in agreement with previous U-Pb ages obtained

for this intrusive (Appendix B), however the MSWD of the single grain ages suggest that

the mean does not reflect a single population of magmatic zircons.

Two samples from the Parita pluton (060065 and 060067) yielded weighted

mean ages of crystallization of 36.40 ± 0.11 and 37.28 ± 0.27 Ma with MSWD of 0.44

and 1.3, respectively (Fig. 4-24). These ages have 95% confidence and reflect the

crystallization age of this pluton.

Hf Isotopes in Igneous and Detrital Zircons

The total range of zircon initial εHf values for igneous, sandstones and sands is

between +3 and +16.

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Initial εHf values for magmatic zircons from samples 060072, 060065 and 060067

ranges from +13 to 0, +11 to +4 and +11 to +8, respectively. εHf values for detrital

zircons from sandstone samples 300351 and 300339 ranges from +12 to +3 and +16 to

+6, respectively. And εHf values for detrital zircons from sand samples 300334 and

070242 range from +16 to 0 and +13 to +3, respectively. Zircon εHf versus U-Pb ages

are presented in Figure 4-25.

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Figure 4-1. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE (blue line) from sample 300332. Black line

represents the Probability Density Plot (PDP). The histogram is in gray and

data points are below the graphic.

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Figure 4-2. Left: Calcareous litharenite (sample 300332). Right: calcareous – volcanic

conglomerate.

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Figure 4-3. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300332.

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Figure 4-4. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300335.

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Figure 4-5. Conglomeratic litharenites (sample 300335) interlayered with finely grained,

slightly calcareous litharenites (Photo taken by author).

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Figure 4-6. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300333.

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Figure 4-7. Quartz-rich arenites from Cemex Quarry (sample 300333) (Photo taken by

author).

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Figure 4-8. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300339.

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Figure 4-9. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300340.

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Figure 4-10. Fine-medium gray calcareous litharenites (sample 300340) underlying a

~5m layer of algal and foraminifera limestones (Photo taken by author).

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Figure 4-11. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300340

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Figure 4-12. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300334.

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Figure 4-13. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300334

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Figure 4-14. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 070242.

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Figure 4-15. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 070287.

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Figure 4-16. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 070287.

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Figure 4-17. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300349.

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Figure 4-18. Gray, well-sorted, fossiliferous litharenites (sample 300349) (Photo taken

by author).

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Figure 4-19. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300349.

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Figure 4-20. Detrital zircon U-Pb KDE from sample 300351.

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Figure 4-21. Fine-medium grained litharenite (sample 300351) interbedded with dark

calcareous siltstones (Photo taken by author).

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Figure 4-22. Detrital AHe KDE from sample 300351.

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Figure 4-23. U-Pb mean age of crystallization diagram from sample 060072 (Cerro Montuoso Batholith).

64

66

68

70

72

20

6P

b/2

38U

Mean = 67.89±0.59 [0.87%] 95% conf.

Wtd by data-pt errs only, 0 of 22 rej.

MSWD = 16, probability = 0.000

(error bars are 2s)

box heights are 2s

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Figure 4-24. U-Pb mean age of crystallization diagram from sample 060065 and

060067.

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Figure 4-25. Initial εHf values of detrital zircons plotted versus their U-Pb ages. Igneous

samples: 060065, 060067 (Parita) and 060073 (Cerro Montuoso). Sandstone

samples: 300339 (Gatuncillo Formation) and 300351 (Cobachón Formation). Sand samples: 070242 (Rio Diablo) and 300334 (Rio Mamoní).

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Table 4-1. Apatite (U-Th)/He results for samples from Cerro Montuoso and Parita Intrusives.

Sample Name Mass (g) (U-Th)/He

age (Ma)

1σ* U (ppm)** Th (ppm)** Sm (ppm)**

060072_1 9.77E-06 10.4 0.2 15.1 38.5 734.2

060072_2 4.89E-06 12.5 0.4 5.4 19.1 377.2

060072_3 6.18E-06 10.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 87.3

060072_4 1.32E-06 12.8 0.3 37.7 85.4 1498.3

060072_5 2.22E-06 16.6 0.4 25.5 106.6 2255.7

060072_6 2.55E-06 16.6 0.4 11.6 37.0 1007.8

060065_1 5.29E-05 8.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 8.6

060065_2 1.01E-05 17.5 0.5 1.9 3.0 11.2

* analytical error only

** estimated based on the grain morphology combined with the abundance data

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CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION

Maximum Depositional Age

On the basis of the correlations of fossil assemblages of foraminifera, echinoids,

mollusks and corals in several Caribbean deposits, the age of the Gatuncillo Formation

is Middle (?) to Late Eocene, the Tonosi Formation is Late Eocene (base unit), and Late

Oligocene – Miocene (upper unit); and the Cobachón Formation is Early to Middle

Eocene (Woodring, 1957; Vaughan, 1926; Coryell and Embich, 1937; Cooke, 1948;

Cole, 1949; Budd, 1992; Kolarsky et al, 1995; Buchs et al., 2011). The results of our

detrital zircon analyses are consistent with these depositional times (Table 5-1).

Samples from the Gatuncillo Formation, the Upper Tonosí Formation, and the

Cobachón Formation yield maximum depositional ages of 41 and 36 Ma, 34 Ma, and 42

Ma, respectively. The U-Pb zircon data from samples 300332, 300333 and 300335 yield

age populations much younger than Late Eocene and hence these strata are not part of

the Gatuncillo Formation.

Provenance

We analyzed the U-Pb ages of ~550 detrital zircons from seven middle Eocene

to late Miocene clastic sedimentary samples collected in Central Panama and the

Azuero Peninsula. Results are organized in this section according to the

biostratigraphic age or maximum depositional age of the sample and then compared

with the U-Pb ages of the intrusive rocks in Panama for provenance interpretation. Our

primary objectives were to: (1) define the age range of the magmatism in the

Panamanian basement arc complex (Central American arc), and (2) constrain the

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sediment sources (provenance) of the three oldest known Cenozoic sedimentary rock

formations in the Isthmus of Panama: the Gatuncillo, Tonosí and Cobachón.

Figure 5-1 is a compilation of all U-Pb detrital zircon data obtained in this study.

Zircon U-Pb age distributions based on these zircons display peak populations from 67

to 21 Ma. Our results conflict with Montes et al. (2012a) contention that magmatic

activity ceased throughout the entire arc between 38 and 28 Ma. The combined age

distributions from this study indicate continuous magmatism since the Late Cretaceous

until the Late Miocene in the Panamanian sector of the Central American magmatic arc.

The following sections give further explanation of the results through time.

Middle Eocene

The samples from the Middle Eocene strata collected in the Cobachón (300351)

and Gatuncillo (300339) formations display very similar detrital zircon age distributions

(Figure 5-1). These are consistent with provenance sources in the Valle Rico (Azuero)

and Mamoní (Central Panama) intrusives (Appendix B); or other plutons of the same

age. The second age cluster in sample 300339 can be correlated to the Cerro Azul

Batholith (Appendix B) in Central Panama. No plutons of about 54 – 58 Ma have been

identified in Azuero. This may indicate that Gatuncillo and Cobachón formations shared

a common sediment source during the Lutetian.

Late Eocene

Sample 300340 (Late Eocene, Gatuncillo Formation) displays similar provenance

as the middle Eocene sample 300339 of Gatuncillo Formation (Figure 5-1). The detrital

zircon distribution of 300340 points to the Mamoní, Cerro Azul or a similar aged plutonic

rocks as the origin of the sediments. Additional detrital zircon ages of ~50 – 55 Ma, ~60

– 65 Ma and ~68 – 72 Ma point to another, as of yet unidentified, plutonic or volcanic

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source, which may be located in the Rio Diablo watershed. This is based on the U-Pb

age distribution of sand sample 070242 (Figure 5-2), which indicates the presence of

plutonic rocks in the Rio Diablo drainage consistent in age with the unidentified sources.

Late Oligocene

Detrital zircon age distributions indicate a significant change in the provenance

for the Oligocene strata (Figure 5-1). In Central Panama, samples 300332 and 300333

(Unidentified formations) indicate that the Mamoní Batholith (Appendix B) is no longer

the main source of sediments. Major peaks suggest Cerro Azul (Appendix B) and the

unidentified igneous sources from 070242 (Rio Diablo) as the new provenance. Sample

300333 shows a population of zircons with ages between ~28 – 38 Ma that does not

have an obvious plutonic source. Andesitic volcanic rocks and associated intrusives in

the Canal Basin overlap this age range (Rooney et al., 2011) and could have

contributed these zircons. In sample 300332, three new clusters not present in the older

strata are displayed: one coeval to the Parita intrusive (Appendix B), another coeval to

the Petaquilla intrusive (Appendix B) or the Bas Obispo volcanism (Rooney et al., 2011)

and one last between ~62 – 70 Ma coeval to the Chulugantí intrusive (Appendix B).

In Azuero, the sample from Upper Tonosí Formation (300349) includes

contributions from the Valle Rico intrusive (Appendix B) or other similar aged plutons.

Two additional components are similar in age to the Parita pluton (Appendix B) and the

unidentified source of ~50 – 55 Ma in 070242 (Rio Diablo). As with the samples from

central Panama, there is a shift in provenance from the late Eocene to late Oligocene in

Azuero.

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Late Miocene

Sediment sources in the late Miocene are consistent with sources from the late

Oligocene in Central Panama for zircons older than 26 Ma. Samples 060052, DF11

(Cucaracha Formation), 060054 (Culebra Formation) and 300335 (unidentified

formation) show a new population between ~26 – 18 Ma coeval to the ash layers found

in Las Cascadas (Rincón et al., 2012), Culebra, Cucaracha (Montes et al., 2012) and

Pedro Miguel Formations (Wegner et al., 2011). Local volcanism from the Canal Basin

is the likely source for the detrital zircons in the Late Miocene strata.

Cooling Events Of The Volcanic Arc Basement

Apatite crystals were selected from igneous and sedimentary samples

(sandstones and sands) to: (1) detect the low-temperature cooling ages recorded in the

intrusive bodies from the Azuero Peninsula, (2) identify the AHe record of exposed

intrusives that is now retained in the adjacent riverbed deposits, and (3) estimate the

timing of strata exhumation inside the Gatuncillo and Tonosí basins.

The low-temperature thermochronology analyses of the intrusive rocks from the

Azuero Peninsula reveal similar results to the slow cooling events previously identified

in Central Panama and western Colombia between 110oC and 75oC since ~45Ma;

however the slow cooling of the intrusives started in Azuero at about 30 Ma (Figures 2-3

and 2-4). In the Cerro Montuoso Batholith, recent data reveal ZnHe ages of ~48 and 43

Ma (Cardona, pers. comm.; Appendix B) and AHe ages between ~16 and 10 (this

study) coeval with the 47 – 42 Ma and the ~12 – 9 cooling events suggested by Montes

et al. (2012a) for Central Panama. In the Valle Rico intrusive, ZnHe ages of ~32 Ma and

AHe ages of ~33 to 29 Ma (Cardona, pers. comm.; Appendix B) suggest a rapid cooling

episode between 200oC and 75oC; and in the Parita intrusive, AHe cooling ages

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between 17 – 8 Ma (this study) are coeval with the ~12 – 9 cooling episode (Montes et

al., 2012a).

On the other hand, the Mamoní and Portogandí rivers, located in the San Blas

Range, are separated geographically by ~125 km and the detrital zircons collected from

their sands yielded U-Pb ages between ~40 and ~50 Ma; coeval to the Mamoní

Batholith crystallization age (Figure 5-3A). Detrital AHe age analyses in the same sands

also indicate that the apatite crystals currently eroded by both rivers cooled in their host

rock since ~41 Ma until ~9Ma at temperatures less than 75oC (Figure 5-3B). This

continuous cooling on both samples is in agreement with the slow cooling trend found

on the intrusives from Central Panama and western Colombia. Figure 2-3 shows that

Cerro Azul, Mamoní and Mandé cooled rapidly between ~850oC and ~110oC, but

afterwards them started to cool down at slower rates. This scenario suggests that once

the plutons reached a temperature below 110oC, due to their emplacement into host

rocks at temperature of about 100oC, its temperature was diminished continuously until

its exposure on the surface. In this way, the data from Portogandí and Mamoní

riverbeds evidence the existence of plutons with similar crystallization and cooling

history to the Mamoní Batholith.

The detrital AHe ages in the sandstones from Gatuncillo (300340), Cobachón

(300351) and Tonosí (300349) formations suggests two cooling events of the strata: (1)

at ~20 – 15 Ma and (2) at ~9 – 0 Ma (Figure 5-4). These Miocene - Pleistocene cooling

ages in the Eocene sediments imply that these formations were buried to temperatures

between 60oC - 75oC or higher, where the apatite crystals were completely or partially

reset. Samples 300340 and 300351 were buried to temperatures close to 75oC (Figure

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5-5 Path 1), and then cooled to surface temperatures between ~22 – 15 Ma. This

cooling event in the sediments is coeval to the slow and continuous cooling identified in

the Cerro Azul, Mamoní, (Central Panama) Cerro Montuoso and Parita (Azuero

Peninsula) intrusives during this period of time (Figure 2-4). The outlier crystals in these

two sandstones can be explained by the presence of unidentified inclusions in these

apatites, the proximity of the apatites to another crystal that provided extra alpha

particles to the system or because the crystals were not completely reset and still

contained He concentrations during their second cooling.

Unlike the previous two, sample 300349 was completely reset following the path

2 in Figure 5-5. This strata reached temperatures higher than 75oC and cooled since ~9

Ma to the present without recording the ~20 – 15 cooling episode due to the thicker

stratigraphic burial in this part of the basin (Figure 5-5).

Origin Of Detrital Zircons

Hf isotopes are a geochemical tracer with the potential to provide unique

petrogenetic information about the composition of the magma from which the zircons

crystallized (Wu, 2010). Application of this method to detrital zircons can assist in the

discrimination between provenances (Flowerdew et al., 2007). In this study, the Lu – Hf

isotopic composition of the igneous and detrital zircons previously dated by LA-ICP-MS

were used to: (1) provide new insights into the provenance and source of the

sandstones and sands, and (2) estimate the mode of crustal formation of the

Panamanian volcaniclastic basement arc complex.

The combined U-Pb and εHf results (Figure 4-25) include only positive values for

the three intrusive samples (060065, 060067, 060072) collected in Azuero, the

sandstones from the Middle Eocene formations (300351, 300339) and the sand in Rio

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Mamoní (300334). This indicates a juvenile crustal origin typical of island arcs and

similar to the Aleutian and the Mariana arc (Tollstrup and Gill, 2005; Yogodzinski et al.,

2010). Interestingly, the U-Pb and εHf data for samples 300339 (Gatuncillo) and 300351

(Cobachón) overlap (Figure 4-25) and have the same provenance (Figure 5-1). This

suggests that the middle Eocene zircon samples shared a common sediment source

and origin.

Paleogeographic Implications

The detrital and igneous geochronology, low-temperature thermochronology, and

Hf isotopic data presented in this research permits new interpretations regarding the

degree of exhumation and lateral continuity of the basement units of the Isthmus of

Panama during the Eocene/Oligocene times. The presence of detrital zircon grains in

the oldest known Cenozoic sedimentary strata in Panama indicates that parts of the

Panamanian volcaniclastic basement complex were exposed and eroding sediments to

the Central Panama and Azuero Basins during the middle Eocene. In the following

section, the magmatic and cooling events summarized from the U-Pb and AHe data

above are compiled and compared with the timing of tectonic events and changes in the

tectonic setting.

Exhumation between ~47 – 42 Ma in Central Panama:

The ZnHe thermochronology in Mamoní, Cerro Azul (Central Panama), and

Cerro Montuoso (Azuero Peninsula) intrusives indicate that cooled through about 200oC

in Lutetian times (Appendix B, Figure 2-3, 2-4). Further cooling through the temperature

interval between 200oC and 110oC occurred at much faster rates in the plutonic rocks

from Central Panama than in that of the Azuero Peninsula (4.4oC/My) (Figure 2-3, 2-4).

Approximately 5 My after emplacement, the cooling paths indicate that Mamoní and

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Cerro Azul reached a temperature <110oC and afterwards started to experience slow

cooling along with the originally colder host rock, while Cerro Montuoso and Valle Rico,

coeval to the Mamoní Batholith, were still located deeper in the crust at temperatures of

~200oC and ~380oC, respectively.

The detrital zircons in Gatuncillo (300339) and Cobachón (300351) formations

provide evidence for initial unroofing of plutons by about 42 Ma. This suggests that both

the volcanic basement and the plutons were exposed above sea level during the middle

Eocene. We propose that Cerro Azul and Mamoní were the only sedimentary sources

for detrital zircons in the Gatuncillo and Cobachón basins. An overlap of εHf between +6

to +12 in the zircons from these two sandstones favors a similar juvenile magmatic

source (Figure 4-25), indicating that the Panamanian volcanic basement complex was

continuous along Azuero and Central Panama, in agreement with the reconstruction of

Montes et al (2012b).

According to Whattam et al. (2012), this event may have been caused by the

collision of the Gorgona Plateau with the Panamanian arc at about 40 Ma.

Exhumation between ~32 – 28 Ma in Azuero Peninsula:

While the plutons in Central Panama continued cooling slowly and close to the

surface, a rapid pulse is recorded in the Valle Rico intrusive between ~32 and 28 Ma.

This event exposed the batholith to erosion and likely provided sediments in conjunction

with Mamoní, Cerro Azul, and other unidentified plutons to strata of the Gatuncillo

Formation (300340) and Upper Tonosí (300349). The detrital zircon distribution of

sample 300349 is also consistent with contributions from the Parita intrusive. This

suggests that the exposure of the Valle Rico and Parita plutons had occurred by this

time.

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The tectonic cause of this event is unknown; however the uplift might be related

to the steepening of the subduction of the Farallon slab (Whattam et al., 2012) or the

accretion of an oceanic island.

Exhumation between ~22 – 15 Ma in Central Panama and Azuero Peninsula:

According to Farris et al. (2011), a widespread exhumation pulse is evidenced in

Panama during 27 – 22 Ma by comparing the ZnHe and AHe ages obtained in the

Petaquilla and Mamoní intrusives, respectively, (Appendix B) with the

thermochronologic results obtained in the northern Andes. However, this interpretation

is incorrect because these data actually demonstrate that the Petaquilla pluton was at

approximately 200oC during this time and the cooling paths of the intrusives presented

in this study (Figure 2-3, 2-4) indicate that Mamoní was cooling slowly since the middle

Eocene. Our AHe ages from Gatuncillo (300340) and Cobachón (300351) formations,

however, indicate that the Eocene strata were exhumed between ~22 – 15 Ma (Figure

5-4). This is also consistent with the stratigraphic relationships in the Cemex Quarry

(Figure 4-6, 4-7) which indicate that the Eocene limestones from Gatuncillo Formation

were uplifted to erosion after ~40 Ma, creating an unconformity until the deposition of

the continental-derived quartzose sandstones from sample 300333 (Figure 5-6).

On the other hand, the detrital zircon distribution from sample 300332 (Gatuncillo

Formation) (Figure 5-1) includes grains with ages of ~28 Ma. The most likely source for

these zircons is the felsic volcanism in the Bas Obispo Formation. This source for

detritus is consistent with the hypothesis of Farris et al. (2011) who suggest that the

opening of the Canal Basin occurred at about 28 Ma as a result of the large-scale

oroclinal flexure of the Panamanian arc.

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Exhumation between ~9 – 0 Ma in Azuero Peninsula:

AHe cooling ages from the Tonosí Formation between ~9 and 0 Ma (300349)

(Figure 5-4) indicate that uplift and exhumation continued during Plio-Pleistocene times.

This exhumation event is likely associated with the NE directed shortening and

deformation of the current fold-thrust belt by the subsequent onset of the Cocos Ridge

subduction (Morell et al., 2012). This latest phase of uplift and exhumation could also

have been associated with the end of circulation between the Pacific and Atlantic

oceans.

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Table 5-1. Maximum depositional ages obtained in this study from the youngest U-Pb

ages of detrital zircon. YSG = Youngest single grain. Sample Formation Max. Depositional Age (YSG) Ma.

300351 Cobachón 42

300339 Gatuncillo 41

300340 Gatuncillo 36

300349 Upper Tonosí 34

300332 Gatuncillo (?) 27

300333 Gatuncillo (?) 27

300335 Gatuncillo (?) 21

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Figure 5-1. Detrital zircon age distribution diagrams (KDEs) of the sandstone samples

collected in Gatuncillo (300339 and 300340), Tonosí (300349) and Cobachón (300351) Formations. Samples: 300332, 300333 and 300335 are from an

unidentified formation. Samples 060052 (SI-827, Cucaracha Fm.) and 060054 (SI-829, Culebra Fm.) are from Montes et al. (2012). David Foster provided sample DF11 from Cucaracha Fm. Color blocks represent the range of ages

of igneous intrusive bodies in Central Panama and Azuero Peninsula (Coordinates, location and references in Figure 2-2, Appendix B, and Table 3-

1). MDA: Maximum depositional age.

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Figure 5-2. Detrital provenance from sand sample 070242 in Rio Diablo (San Blas

Range).

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Figure 5-3. A) Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in Rio Mamoní (300334) and Rio Portogandí

(070287) sand samples. Both samples are coeval to Mamoní Batholith. B)

Detrital AHe ages obtained in 070287 and 300334.

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Figure 5-4. AHe ages obtained in sandstones from Gatuncillo (300340), Tonosí

(300349) and Cobachón (300351) formations.

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Figure 5-5. Simple depiction of partial to complete resetting of the apatite crystals due to

burial in strata from Cobachón, Tonosí and Gatuncillo formations.

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Figure 5-6. Outcrop in Cemex Quarry reveal an unconformity caused by the 22-15 Ma

exhumation event (Photo taken by author).

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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS

The maximum depositional ages defined by U-Pb in detrital zircons have proven

to be useful for correlating Eocene strata and identifying units incorrectly mapped

adjacent to the Panama Canal Basin by previous studies. The presence of zircon

populations <30 Ma in samples from the Santo Domingo road and the Cemex Quarry

suggest that these strata are not part of Gatuncillo Formation. The detrital U-Pb results

evidence a Late Oligocene or younger depositional age, and hence indicate the

occurrence of another formation not yet identified in the area that could be correlative to

the Canal Basin sequences.

Montes et al. (2012) suggest a gap in the magmatism during ~38 – 28 Ma. Our

sandstone zircon distributions evidence the occurrence of continuous magmatism and

plutonism in Central Panama since the Late Cretaceous until the Late Miocene.

Detrital U-Pb and Hf results from the middle Eocene samples (300339 and

300351) suggest that Gatuncillo and Cobachón formations shared a common magmatic

arc source during the Lutetian. AHe ages in Valle Rico, the most probable source for

Cobachón due to its crystallization age and proximity, show that it cooled until ~32 Ma,

discarding the possible unroofing of the pluton during this period of time. In this way, the

Mamoní and Cerro Azul intrusives in Central Panama are the most probable sources

indicating also that the arc was uplifted and laterally continuous between these two

areas.

New and previous low-temperature thermochronometers analyzed in intrusive

and sedimentary rocks (recent sands and middle – late Eocene sedimentary rocks)

suggests 4 events of surface exhumation in Azuero Peninsula and Central Panama at:

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(1) 47 – 42 Ma, (2) 32 – 28 Ma, (3) 22 – 15 Ma and (4) 9 - 0 Ma. These episodes are

associated to land emergence of Panama based on the presence of unroofed and

volcanic zircons deposited in sedimentary formations from the middle Eocene to the late

Miocene.

Most of the Hf-isotopic results display positive isotopic values, indicating that

there is little effect of crustal or other lithospheric assimilation within the volcanic

plumbing system. These Hf isotopic values are consistent with data from the Aleutian

arc and the Mariana arc, suggesting a similar island arc origin for the Panamanian

basement complex. These data also exclude the South American continent as a

sediment source for Eocene – Miocene basin strata in Panama.

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APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF THE VOLCANICLASTIC BASEMENT COMPLEXES

Table A. Description of volcaniclastic basement complexes located between Costa Rica and Panama Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

Nicoya Complex

Coniacian (89 - 85 Ma)

Oceanic plateau (not part of the CLIP)

Golfito Complex

Volcanic rocks, hemipelagic sediments, and volcano-sedimentary deposits. The lavas include basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and trachyandesite. Occur as massive to thin pillowed lava flows. Pervasive low-T alteration.

L. Cretaceous to E. Cenozoic

Plateau-like. Autochtonous sequence.

Composed of: (1) proto-arc that developed on the top of the CLIP(extension of the Azuero Plateau in Costa Rica?) in the L. Campanian to Maastrichtian, and (2) younger forearc sediments.

Azuero Protoarc Group (Buchs et al., 2010), Middle volcaniclastic Unit (Protoarc)(Montes et al., 2012a)

Osa Igneous Complex

(1) Inner Osa Igneous Complex

99% of basaltic, massive-columnar lava flows and pillow lavas. Intrusive rocks (dolerites and gabbros). Occasionally, lenses and layers, 1 - 3 m thick, of red cherts and black shales are observed between lava flows. Low-T submarine alteration in the zeolite facies. Devoid of greenschist metamorphism. Strong deformation is locally observed and associated with intensive veining of the rocks. Deformation seems to have predominantly ocurred in brittle mode.

Coniacian - Santonian (89 - 84 Ma) (Defined by radiolarian associations). Loss of Argon in Ar/Ar ages.

Tholeiitic. Plateau-like affinities (oceanic, intra-plate). Also, NMORB-like and OIB-like

Orientation of the pillow lavas indicates that the volcanic sequences are in both overturned and normal position. Almost devoid of detrital material (indicative of submarine volcanism). Absence of carbonate banks indicates that the lavas probably formed below the CCD.

Pacific oceanic Plateau distinct from CLIP. Originated in the Pacific before being accreted to the CLIP margin in the Paleocene.

Azuero Plateau (Buchs et al., 2010). (Part of the CLIP) Are highly similar but (1) have different sedimentary facies and faunal assamblages (2) IOIC contains NMORB-like and OIB-like rocks, not observed in Azuero Plateau (3) different Mg# (4) No protoarc crosscut IOIC. Lower volcaniclastic Unit (Plateau) (Montes et al., 2012a)

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Table A. Continued Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

Osa Igneous Complex

Esperanza Formation

Arenite, microbreccia and breccia

Crops out within the volcanic sequence. This deposit constitutes a unique ocurrence of detrital material in the Inner Osa Igneous Complex

Product of submarine erosion of the plateau-like lavas prior to accretion.

(2) Outer Osa Igneous Complex

a. Guerra Unit

Metamorphosed/altered igneous rocks, marble, recrystallized micritic limestones and metamorphosed volcniclastic sediments. Prehnite-pumpellyte to greenschist metamorphic facies. Protoliths difficult to identify. No preserved fossils. Stronger deformation that IOIC.

By analogy with other units forming the OOIC and the possible role of the unit in the construction of the Osa IC, probably encompassed between the Late Cretaceous and the Eocene.

OIB-like, intraplate affinities

Highest metamorphic and deformation grades in OIC and Osa melange. Marks the contact between I and O IC.

Remained close to the decollement zone for a relatively long time, potentially recording some of the processes that occur at the interface between the overriding and subducting plates.

b. Ganado Unit

Pillowed and massive basaltic/basaltic-andesitic flows locally intruded by aphyric basaltic dykes, dolerites and gabbros. Low-T submarine alteration to zeolite facies in response to hydrothermal circulation. Red radiolarian chert interbedded with coarse lava flows.

Coniacian - Santonian (89 - 84 Ma) (Defined by radiolarian associations).

Tholeiitic. Plateau-like affinities. Discriminative geochemical differences in terms of Nb content with IOIC. Also, NMORB-like tholeiites, similar to NMORB of IOIC.

Underwent a significant tectonic dismemberment. Lower Nb-Y ratios than IOIC, indicating that these 2 units have dissimilar origin.

Accreted seamount

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Table A. Continued Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

Osa Igneous Complex

c. Riyito Unit

Volcano-sedimentary sequences including small, well formedpillow lavas, sheet flows and minor occurrences of sediments and hyaloclastites. Low-T oceanic alteration. No fossils. Shows indications of dismemberment.

Paleocene - older (?). Loss of Argon in Ar/Ar ages

Tholeiitic. Oceanic origin.

Vesiculated hyaloclastites are locally observed between pillow lavas, possibly indicating eruption under shallower conditions.

Various seamount fragments generated very close to a MOR.

d. Vaquedano Unit

Vesiculated, small-shaped pillow basalts and lava flows, reddish pelagic limestones, detrital sediments and hyaloclastites. Limestones locally occur as xenoliths embedded in massive lava flows. Limestones form interbeds within the pillowed and massive lava flows. Low-T, oceanic oxidization/alteration.

Campanian - M. Eocene (Foraminifera, age well constrained by fossil assamblages in pelagic limestones). K-Ar ages bradly similar to biochronological ages.

OIB-like affinities

Devoid shallow-water limestones. Interbedded lavas and limestones.

Superficial layers of seamounts peeled off at shallow level during subduction.

Azuero Marginal Complex

(1) Azuero Plateau

Massive and pillowed lava flows with scarse occurrences of interbedded radiolarites. Rare gabbroic intrusives.

Coniacian - E. Santonian (89 - 85 Ma.)( radiolarite ages), in broad agreement with Ar/Ar ages (93 - 82 Ma, Lissina, 2005).

Tholeiitic. Plateau-like affinities. Includes 2 geochemical groups: Trace elements of group I display typical plateau-like affinities, whereas group II has a more enriched character.

Dykes of the Azuero Protoarc and Azuero Arc crosscut the plateau.

Oceanic plateau (part of the CLIP)

Lower volcaniclastic Unit (Plateau) (Montes et al., 2012a), Inner Osa Igneous Complex (Buchs et al., 2009)

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Table A. Continued Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

Azuero Marginal Complex

(2) Ocú Formation

Foraminifera-bearing pelagic and hemipelagic limestones.Overlays the Azuero Plateau and is locally interbedded with lava flows of the Azuero Protoarc group

Campanian - Maastrichtian.

Larger benthic foraminifera evidence for nearby shallow water environments. Crosscut by basaltic dykes of the Azuero Protoarc Group.

Golfito Formation (Limestones of the Golfito Complex)(Buchs et al., 2010)

(3) Azuero Protoarc Group

Mafic lava flows, locally nterbedded with hemipelagic limestonesof the Ocu Formation. Basaltic to basaltoc trachyandesitic lava flows and dykes.

Late Campanian to Maastrichtian (?)

Empleced within and on top of the Azuero Plateau through the Late Campanian (75 - 73 Ma). Autochtonous sequence. Evolved rapidly (possibly in less than 5 Ma) toward a mature volcanic arc (Azuero Arc Group). Intermediate between the Azuero Plateau and Azuero Arc Group.

Primitive island arc developed on top of the Azuero Plateau.

Chagres Igneous Complex (Wegner et al., 2010), Golfito Complex (Buchs et al., 2010), Middle volcaniclastic Unit (Protoarc)(Montes et al., 2012a)

(4)Azuero Arc Group

Intermediate to silic lavas and related intrusives. Volcanic rocks ranging in composition from basalt to dacite. Large intrusives (granodiorite)

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Eocene(˜71 - 40 Ma). Late Campanian to Maastrictian (Using planctonic forams and radiolarians, Corral et al., 2013)

Suprasubduction geochemical signatures (Depleted in Nb and Ti, enriched in mobile elements such as Pb and Ba)

At least in part emplaced contemporaneously with Azuero Protoarc.

Extinct volcanic arc. Island arc. Intra-oceanic volcanic arc.

Upper volcaniclastic Unit (Arc)(Montes et al., 2012a)

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Table A. Continued Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

Azuero Accretionary Complex

(1) Submarine massive and pillowed lava flows with minor occurrences of pelagic and hemipelagic calcareous sediment and hyaloclastice, (2) Clastic deposits composed of basaltic breccias crosscut by rare basaltic dykes (3) Large gabbroic intrusions.

Paleocene - E. Eocene (biochronologic data from shallow marine limestones)

Typical OIB affinities. Middle Eocene age of accretion

Undifferentiated metamorphic rocks

Deformed metabasalt, metasediment and ultramafic rocks in the greenschist to amphibolite facies (Tournon et al., 1989).Are cut by younger unmetamorphosed dolerites (presumably proto-arc and early arc dykes)

Undefined

Azuero Melange

(1) Deformed rocks initially pertaining to adjacent units; (2) other volcano-sedimentary assemblages, which include abundant vesicullar illow basalt, reddish siliceous pelagic limestone, and minor red chert, black shale and carbonate sediment with basaltic fragments.

Some of the pelagic sediments contain radiolarians and early Maastrichtian planktic foraminifers.

Former decollement zone at the contact with the Azuero Plateau, which locally contains accreted pieces of seamounts.

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Table A. Continued Rock Unit Sub-unit Lithology Age Geochemistry Characteristics Origin Correlations

San Blas Complex

(1) Lower Volcaniclastic Unit

Drak-gray diabase, massive basalt, amygdular pillow basalt interbedded with lenticular volcanic breccia layers and discontinuous layers of stratiform chert, tuffaceous siltstone, and micritic limestone. Crosscut by very fine-grained basaltic and andesitic dykes.

Late Cretaceous (?) to Eocene (?) (Ar/Ar, Wegner et al., 2011)

Tholeiitic. Moderately depleted pattern. small Nb-Ta positive anomaly, and no Ti and Zr-Hf negative anomalies.

Uppermost layers of and oceanic Plateau

Azuero Plateau (Buchs et al., 2010), Inner Osa Igneous Complex (Buchs et al., 2009)

(2) Middle Volcaniclastic Unit

Massive basalt and andesite, pillow basalt, amygdular basalt, porphyritic andesite, and diabase sills and dikes. Chert beds and tuffaceous siltstone that are up to 2m thick and continuous for >1km are interbedded with the volcanic layers. Fine-grained basaltic and rare medium-grained dioritic dikes crosscut the sequence.

Late Cretaceous (?) to Eocene (?) (Ar/Ar, Wegner et al., 2011)

Tholeiitic.

Proto-arc

Golfito Complex, Azuero Protoarc Group (Buchs et al., 2010)

(3) Upper Volcaniclastic Unit

Lavas and volcanic breccia. The lavas are stratiform, massive andesitic lavas with centimeter-scale layering. Interbedded breccias, probably reprecenting brecciated top flows or bases of lava flows. Diabase dikes and sills intrude these layers.

Late Cretaceous (?) to Eocene (?) (Ar/Ar, Wegner et al., 2011)

Calc-alkaline. Arc Azuero Arc Group (Buchs et al., 2010)

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APPENDIX B ISOTOPIC AGES FROM THE GRANITOIDS IN PANAMA

Table B. Isotopic ages from the granitoids in Panama

2. CM 3. VR 4. Parita 5. Pedasi 6. PTQ 7. CA 8. Mamoni 9. CH

10.

Chepo 11. SB 1 12. SB 2

13 SB 3

14.SB 4

15.

Mandé

U-Pb

Zn

67.6±1.45

67.6±1.0

66.0±1.0 49.2±0.95 48.1±1.25

41.1±0.7

28.6±0.67

29.1±0.6

26.1±0.8

28.3±0.5

54.1±1.25

54.7±1.2

58.5±1.3

58.7±1.4

39.4±0.85

49.7±1.0 58.3±1.05 59.0±1.95

58.6±1.65

49.7±1.6

49.5±1.1

49.5±0.9

42.5±1.31

43.8±0.8

Ar/Ar

Hbl 65.7±1.42

54.8±1.22

Dacites:

67.9±1.3

66.0±1.1

65.6±1.3

40.8±1.42

30.1±0.47

28.6±0.4

31.4±0.3

WR

49.4±1.08

61.5±2.3 47.2±1.38 68.5±5.08 49.9±2.18

Ar/Ar

Biot

Ar/Ar

Kspar

50±0.34

49.5±0.2

(Plg)

50.7±0.14

(Plg)

ZFT

41.6±5.46

46.4±5.8

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Table B. Continued

2. CM 3. VR 4. Parita

5.

Pedasi 6. PTQ 7. CA 8. Mamoni

9.

CH 10. Chepo 11. SB 1 12. SB 2

13 SB 3

14.SB 4 15. Mandé

ZnHe 48.8±0.91

43.0±0.8

32.9±0.61

32.7±0.6

22.3±0.73

20.7±0.3

23.4±0.4

19.5±0.3

41.4±2.05

50.9±1.6

50.1±1.8

44.2±1.6

42.8±1.5

40.1±1.5

47.7±1.9

43.9±1.6

40.2±1.5

41.3±1.6

48.9±1.8

48.8±1.8

51.0±1.8

50.6±1.9

32.8±0.76

AFT

50.1±9.45

85.5±30

47.3±3.6

44.8±8.2

35.8±2.45

45.4±3.6

45.4±4.2

46.3±2.1

42.6±4.8

45.7±3.7

38.1±5.46

37.8±5.2

AHe

10.4±0.29

12.5±0.4

10.4±0.5

12.8±0.3

16.6±0.4

16.6±0.4

33.2±1.11

29.9±0.8

8.7±0.59

17.5±0.5

11.4±0.55

6.2±1.6

12.0±7.4

12.7±0.8

23.3±0.8

12.6±1.2

34.0±0.73

23.8±0.4

24.1±1.7

19.4±0.9

27.0±0.6

22.9±0.9

20.6±0.7

18.4±0.6

3.9±0.26

Note: (1: Cardona, pers. comm.; 2: Corral, 2013; 3: Farris et al., 2011; 4: Lissina, 2005; 5: Montes et al., 2012, Montes et al., 2012b, Montes, pers. comm.; 6: Villagomez and Spikings, 2013; 7: Whattam et al., 2012; 8: Wegner et al., 2011; 9: This study). Locations of the intrusives in Figure 2-2. SB = San Blas, CA = Cerro Azul, CH = Chulugantí, CM = Cerro Montuoso, PTQ = Petaquilla, VR = Valle Rico, ZFT = Zircon fission track, ZnHe =

zircon (U-Th)/He, AFT = Apatite fission track, AHe = apatite (U-Th)/He.

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APPENDIX C IGNEOUS AND DETRITAL U-Pb RESULTS

Table C. U-Pb geochronological analyses.

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300332_01 0.00800852 7.86147E-05 0.056286108 0.001465041 51.41895316 1.005441452 55.59862389 2.814525279 0.377489773 0.075175794

300332_02 0.005264743 5.39473E-05 0.061507157 0.006938516 33.8485989 0.691850302 60.60487811 13.23018725 0.092463918 0.441487221

300332_03 0.009982295 0.000229562 0.107543152 0.007236017 64.02888557 2.930019897 103.7102094 13.22397207 0.342701159 0.382617334

300332_04 0.004434087 6.13773E-05 0.034943004 0.002380523 28.51985806 0.787784535 34.87293752 4.665463572 0.20415226 0.182177927

300332_05 0.008565642 0.00013095 0.103151913 0.018457642 54.98075937 1.673809072 99.67657433 33.69539804 0.088022033 0.448408418

300332_06 0.006037193 6.63748E-05 0.067460143 0.004887645 38.79998627 0.850567902 66.2830022 9.276698693 0.152783997 0.414631429

300332_07 0.006037193 6.63748E-05 0.067460143 0.004887645 38.79998627 0.850567902 66.2830022 9.276698693 0.152783997 0.414631429

300332_08 0.008354153 0.000142697 0.083284685 0.005096118 53.62889376 1.824332299 81.22428725 9.53048945 0.28000143 0.339743129

300332_09 0.006611939 0.00021067 0.194150545 0.016961605 42.48163317 2.697925952 180.1554385 28.64042721 0.365887857 0.764194556

300332_010 0.008215977 0.000132367 0.060567257 0.003386368 52.74550374 1.692510862 59.70546566 6.473532346 0.288929838 0.116571604

300332_011 0.008331441 0.000103764 0.067181596 0.003490789 53.48369653 1.326641033 66.01802268 6.631531613 0.240422375 0.189862187

300332_012 0.008664256 0.000154878 0.080397472 0.006674196 55.61101538 1.979444685 78.51457327 12.50590915 0.216503841 0.291710913

300332_013 0.007850608 0.00010161 0.05449443 0.001149927 50.40902457 1.299724248 53.87495071 2.213233262 0.613599064 0.064332795

300332_014 0.00852358 0.000146235 0.087018872 0.004921225 54.71191691 1.869250844 84.71821435 9.17260694 0.304148887 0.354189446

300332_015 0.008353625 0.00012399 0.059143621 0.001147354 53.62551712 1.585194371 58.34163554 2.198595285 0.765290288 0.080836239

300332_017 0.007951739 5.79611E-05 0.064070342 0.001970629 51.05582948 0.741341934 63.05360882 3.757253322 0.237421552 0.190279027

300332_018 0.007698047 9.64326E-05 0.054690365 0.00147367 49.43317673 1.233691916 54.06359142 2.835370133 0.465239841 0.08564756

300332_019 0.008529197 0.00019429 0.092746969 0.008023174 54.74781573 2.483446473 90.05450396 14.85507984 0.264537442 0.392059105

300332_020 0.008064509 9.18248E-05 0.05883812 0.002050944 51.77698998 1.174319603 58.04872982 3.92954139 0.327131199 0.108042672

300332_021 0.00830107 0.000115492 0.066883155 0.003693228 53.28953233 1.476632376 65.73404211 7.017404689 0.252733874 0.189316059

300332_022 0.008201177 0.000103632 0.066947305 0.003631192 52.65087474 1.325133093 65.79509102 6.899318053 0.233736226 0.19977503

300332_023 0.004423606 8.17798E-05 0.048108028 0.007441198 28.45259272 1.049652875 47.70703713 14.36605553 0.121747695 0.403597573

300332_024 0.008902535 0.000148224 0.078409751 0.007343088 57.13363501 1.893964164 76.64483997 13.78029021 0.179121801 0.254566452

300332_025 0.007865523 0.000111725 0.079164694 0.010383159 50.50441951 1.429081225 77.35537693 19.44458569 0.110189575 0.347111713

300332_026 0.008060432 6.27574E-05 0.067143607 0.005318793 51.75091744 0.802600261 65.98187928 10.09596888 0.099430833 0.21567985

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300332_027 0.007791448 4.05889E-05 0.108928489 0.016736704 50.03062734 0.519232621 104.9794126 30.41916858 0.036131945 0.523424392

300332_028 0.004355309 6.13059E-05 0.033772587 0.001883976 28.01426106 0.786930041 33.72404946 3.697368959 0.253114845 0.169309098

300332_028Rim 0.004235565 3.48291E-05 0.034693338 0.003147309 27.24566535 0.447128927 34.6279735 6.167453128 0.091953839 0.213189147

300332_029 0.008830242 0.000126096 0.081205627 0.008509552 56.67171522 1.611354922 79.27377426 15.9196234 0.137778139 0.285113952

300332_030 0.007833502 0.000103272 0.052124642 0.005095112 50.29961544 1.321006644 51.59060625 9.810134321 0.136274477 0.025023757

300332_031 0.008218206 7.24522E-05 0.079469521 0.006124292 52.75975028 0.926436998 77.64213284 11.48826187 0.11550858 0.320475258

300332_032 0.004577972 8.70228E-05 0.044540546 0.006067364 29.44320874 1.116772275 44.24522278 11.76127257 0.141501099 0.334544909

300332_032Rim 0.004648205 7.85229E-05 0.040215422 0.003507002 29.89386421 1.007626377 40.03231641 6.834701553 0.194957484 0.253256696

300332_033 0.00804646 9.51264E-05 0.062590368 0.002706455 51.66157519 1.216562197 61.64044157 5.165594094 0.274005994 0.161888301

300332_034 0.005733564 0.000111786 0.096566609 0.009763857 36.85418334 1.432899118 93.59735381 18.00105187 0.194266203 0.606247593

300332_035 0.00794807 6.8874E-05 0.071104664 0.00657442 51.03236492 0.880919944 69.74364115 12.42607512 0.09505543 0.268286484

300332_036 0.00915714 0.000131455 0.17387807 0.021992282 58.7601828 1.679282577 162.7706947 37.69193053 0.115321045 0.639000233

300332_037 0.004259605 4.1263E-05 0.040350125 0.005602929 27.39997945 0.529712372 40.16378861 10.90703305 0.071771219 0.317793953

300332_038 0.008048405 9.0151E-05 0.07406273 0.007156351 51.67401271 1.152932186 72.54381358 13.4851887 0.11731453 0.287685467

300332_039 0.008095388 0.000164784 0.055261062 0.00163083 51.97444579 2.107228978 54.612842 3.135820424 0.690053282 0.048310912

300332_040 0.008300724 0.000102894 0.060653512 0.002125598 53.2873222 1.315562837 59.78803825 4.06546971 0.354186213 0.108729375

300332_041 0.00831887 4.87652E-05 0.086251003 0.008327486 53.40333437 0.62349881 84.00073238 15.50822766 0.062112682 0.364251562

300332_042 0.008286691 0.000118516 0.063864934 0.003670636 53.19760772 1.515305595 62.85759085 6.994304504 0.249644579 0.153680454

300332_043 0.009699199 0.00043275 0.108643175 0.008180533 62.22177346 5.524415807 104.7181469 14.92898414 0.593425081 0.405816706

300332_044 0.008246605 0.000109775 0.056619189 0.001842921 52.94132256 1.403606273 55.9187395 3.538731388 0.409393016 0.053245423

300332_045 0.008027636 0.000116558 0.059982188 0.00228543 51.54119496 1.490661481 59.14519649 4.373603647 0.381584636 0.128564989

300332_046 0.004487177 6.129E-05 0.030108673 0.000907622 28.86056388 0.786622163 30.11910302 1.788416 0.453499091 0.041785412

300332_047 0.008244379 0.000116736 0.070679711 0.002482344 52.92709053 1.492613799 69.34073579 4.702591112 0.403627628 0.236709996

300332_048 0.008225164 0.000146563 0.066813624 0.00344957 52.80423827 1.873997386 65.66786925 6.555610012 0.345829932 0.19588927

300332_049 0.008699021 0.00013985 0.059105623 0.002012267 55.83318998 1.787337255 58.30520843 3.854533801 0.472647015 0.042397901

300332_050 0.004511407 9.47565E-05 0.033249655 0.001331906 29.01605824 1.216096441 33.21031589 2.615932293 0.524831677 0.12629382

300332_051 0.004502934 6.6537E-05 0.033185337 0.001786537 28.96168632 0.853948149 33.14711124 3.508298345 0.275224785 0.126268165

300332_052 0.008836899 0.000342922 0.077483476 0.006244709 56.71425058 4.381620931 75.77237025 11.73502428 0.482519332 0.251518061

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300332_053 0.008975316 0.000271419 0.142149048 0.015555942 57.59864432 3.467657564 134.9493529 27.47075011 0.277861412 0.573183249

300332_054 0.008658092 0.000146856 0.062695405 0.005159958 55.5716191 1.876936458 61.74080125 9.836100664 0.207258434 0.099920669

300332_055 0.008651863 0.000127546 0.064620582 0.001374595 55.5318109 1.630168702 63.57850982 2.620219387 0.693254642 0.126563188

300332_056 0.01075915 0.000150222 0.084301519 0.003784443 68.98525085 1.915967236 82.17688986 7.075106033 0.311639406 0.160527358

300332_057 0.004711504 3.77861E-05 0.043414294 0.003883358 30.30000078 0.484860507 43.14987429 7.54365085 0.090951874 0.297796314

300332_058 0.008400194 0.000199844 0.05879025 0.001794136 53.92321627 2.554755203 58.0028253 3.438077805 0.77984069 0.07033466

300332_059 0.008765562 0.000153977 0.062360279 0.002186385 56.25841526 1.967732881 61.42056113 4.174900278 0.501462187 0.084045892

300333_01 0.009391003 0.000194792 0.066290424 0.001942146 60.25386249 2.487737443 65.16979566 3.695293857 0.708292445 0.075432693

300333_02 0.005137517 0.00013903 0.044823517 0.002313109 33.03271353 1.783152817 44.52024393 4.490665843 0.525041496 0.258029368

300333_03 0.00909245 9.7956E-05 0.078170305 0.003062959 58.34695208 1.251448607 76.41937526 5.760703846 0.275494298 0.236490067

300333_04 0.008600047 6.51924E-05 0.070437609 0.004247809 55.20065253 0.833293507 69.11112301 8.04231757 0.12656777 0.201276869

300333_04Rim 0.011264685 0.002268354 0.307604888 0.129030624 72.20854095 28.88640555 272.3089998 191.0991887 0.485369353 0.734828665

300333_05 0.00567786 7.09732E-05 0.081797996 0.005921125 36.4971415 0.909817852 79.82989938 11.08434559 0.173716416 0.542813635

300333_06 0.008317083 7.10051E-05 0.065605279 0.001521303 53.3919079 0.90784479 64.5171844 2.896992178 0.368477182 0.172438965

300333_07 0.008460902 4.10443E-05 0.080675861 0.005772819 54.3112852 0.52470942 78.77616284 10.818647 0.068829488 0.310561936

300333_08 0.008643431 7.30754E-05 0.077298572 0.006226053 55.47792315 0.934011141 75.59811661 11.70206898 0.106126484 0.266146756

300333_09 0.008643431 7.30754E-05 0.077298572 0.006226053 55.47792315 0.934011141 75.59811661 11.70206898 0.106126484 0.266146756

300333_010 0.008569747 5.75773E-05 0.076348035 0.001935146 55.00699753 0.735981647 74.7018597 3.647613821 0.265428451 0.26364621

300333_011 0.009653619 0.000402728 0.177550953 0.035340487 61.93077438 5.141461595 165.9425504 60.04733604 0.212411052 0.626793886

300333_012 0.008661695 0.000104105 0.060549565 0.001159602 55.59464928 1.330570924 59.68852809 2.2191085 0.627798861 0.068587364

300333_013 0.010841895 0.000316389 0.091215335 0.003472989 69.51294309 4.034637766 88.63038042 6.452686499 0.766799188 0.215698469

300333_014 0.008549682 8.09464E-05 0.070297045 0.003841053 54.87875169 1.034706132 68.97778666 7.274541994 0.174054819 0.204399643

300333_015 0.004717834 5.6626E-05 0.061932888 0.01408561 30.34061619 0.726597171 61.01200803 26.75789599 0.056067409 0.502710742

300333_016 0.009133736 0.00011461 0.082367115 0.006195243 58.61068737 1.464148389 80.36391117 11.58995203 0.167904359 0.270683986

300333_017 0.007167564 8.25424E-05 0.051974744 0.001823702 46.03880064 1.05655423 51.44594051 3.517307577 0.328684689 0.105103334

300333_018 0.00963637 0.000420108 0.322764432 0.058075276 61.82064073 5.363393929 284.0124007 87.25349685 0.244823264 0.782331192

300333_019 0.008258739 6.30827E-05 0.063963063 0.001395326 53.01890024 0.806601355 62.9512386 2.661352507 0.350443121 0.157778283

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300333_020 0.008252088 6.93247E-05 0.05844953 0.001666586 52.97637708 0.886417744 57.67603766 3.194873133 0.295025786 0.081483763

300333_021 0.008643579 6.68092E-05 0.082792998 0.007250441 55.47886744 0.853922108 80.76333878 13.55210829 0.089526702 0.313068674

300333_022 0.00834372 6.47697E-05 0.065104568 0.003038859 53.56219788 0.828101322 64.03998415 5.785453389 0.166975447 0.163613193

300333_023 0.004784032 5.17274E-05 0.060872429 0.006881312 30.76532198 0.663699097 59.99757924 13.12928912 0.097279939 0.487223945

300333_024 0.00682186 5.92756E-05 0.049352589 0.002088137 43.82580091 0.759005629 48.91196292 4.036860197 0.205964532 0.103986054

300333_025 0.008198775 7.24244E-05 0.081914255 0.011757904 52.63551338 0.926098747 79.93900923 21.94955147 0.063618875 0.341554094

300333_026 0.006959524 6.75073E-05 0.054813697 0.002073667 44.70713782 0.864287324 54.18231371 3.988178292 0.256932091 0.174875808

300333_027 0.008252966 6.00067E-05 0.062714945 0.003289249 52.98199012 0.767275999 61.75947021 6.275474204 0.139385512 0.14212363

300333_028 0.006950366 4.27607E-05 0.068709949 0.007062132 44.64851067 0.54747215 67.47107879 13.37466374 0.061345877 0.338257051

300333_029 0.004222651 4.12149E-05 0.032532628 0.001696885 27.16277269 0.529114769 32.50547896 3.334493947 0.187869896 0.164363253

300333_030 0.008348609 7.42362E-05 0.058059162 0.002455875 53.5934519 0.949124843 57.30150311 4.707937606 0.21081592 0.064711238

300333_031 0.007816838 5.46964E-05 0.061232338 0.001839307 50.1930285 0.699679512 60.34197969 3.516457883 0.233368974 0.168190557

300333_032 0.00843277 9.22423E-05 0.074907939 0.008791517 54.13145949 1.17922746 73.34249146 16.54094941 0.094896316 0.261935906

300333_033 0.008804396 0.000194445 0.106885714 0.015931692 56.50656353 2.484752212 103.1073294 29.01951273 0.15030568 0.451963659

300333_034 0.008064898 5.22013E-05 0.0713916 0.006657398 51.77947752 0.667599344 70.01559997 12.57906441 0.070759693 0.26045799

300333_035 0.008101943 6.2825E-05 0.06369286 0.002291143 52.01636548 0.803431346 62.69335302 4.369245207 0.216076286 0.170304937

300333_036 0.008056101 5.96674E-05 0.057551465 0.00179647 51.72322636 0.763086227 56.8141913 3.446574201 0.237712901 0.089607276

300333_037 0.00807459 6.27805E-05 0.061443681 0.002466853 51.8414523 0.802883324 60.54416161 4.713895952 0.194230352 0.143741512

300333_038 0.008100325 6.75161E-05 0.055915326 0.000939355 52.00601832 0.863422895 55.24215442 1.80569979 0.49635374 0.058580918

300333_39 0.009176049 8.34119E-05 0.101398278 0.005778602 58.88097119 1.065559084 98.06125974 10.62623624 0.16032309 0.399549105

300333_040 0.008521938 5.02859E-05 0.065628148 0.002483864 54.70142162 0.642811976 64.53897443 4.727748857 0.156450719 0.152428093

300333_041 0.009325931 0.000194753 0.138390874 0.014755103 59.83828511 2.48739278 131.6029562 26.15105814 0.19738074 0.545311999

300333_042 0.008445171 4.60387E-05 0.06682445 0.002459327 54.21072527 0.588565383 65.6781725 4.675854704 0.148654624 0.174600583

300333_043 0.0085019 7.76574E-05 0.061371281 0.001363107 54.57333863 0.992713097 60.4749047 2.606284129 0.411540137 0.097587026

300333_044 0.007103256 4.03031E-05 0.05274056 0.001323114 45.62719182 0.515928562 52.18481196 2.550591525 0.226520872 0.125661469

300333_045 0.005111645 6.70618E-05 0.057081973 0.004938903 32.86678837 0.860162881 56.36334291 9.465577293 0.152869462 0.416876525

300333_046 0.008554213 6.97864E-05 0.063979542 0.001637876 54.90770924 0.892053316 62.96696398 3.123572509 0.319029031 0.127991795

300333_047 0.00859601 6.8287E-05 0.11033046 0.01233854 55.17485323 0.872850833 106.2622423 22.44126914 0.072652816 0.480767091

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103

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300333_048 0.008267767 8.54694E-05 0.072796411 0.005774824 53.07661922 1.092824718 71.34603293 10.90166986 0.131455373 0.256067688

300333_049 0.00863476 7.14832E-05 0.070137417 0.005597223 55.42250601 0.913668618 68.82634539 10.59345582 0.104887414 0.194748672

300333_050 0.004943926 5.02792E-05 0.037137725 0.001303295 31.79104368 0.645015143 37.02379099 2.550184341 0.290280758 0.141334725

300333_050Rim 0.004871179 4.21102E-05 0.03623505 0.002062224 31.32439555 0.540258439 36.13971006 4.037230867 0.152711615 0.133241648

300333_051 0.007099026 3.76378E-05 0.067794961 0.00754665 45.60012148 0.481813065 66.60141966 14.30125061 0.049241395 0.315328086

300333_051Rim 0.007067448 5.18584E-05 0.052704544 0.002899161 45.39799113 0.663870999 52.15007502 5.584784128 0.134183429 0.129474097

300333_052 0.008593965 7.93928E-05 0.087730481 0.007024184 55.16178415 1.014802671 85.38267641 13.07115503 0.116536397 0.353946415

300333_053 0.008605298 4.77376E-05 0.082458643 0.006693212 55.23421426 0.610187978 80.449767 12.51762297 0.069517925 0.313432266

300333_054 0.008613749 0.000102389 0.103373874 0.006902432 55.28822363 1.308697682 99.88084428 12.663752 0.178972713 0.446458187

300333_055 0.008598769 7.14283E-05 0.068116922 0.00234234 55.19248461 0.912999582 66.90751588 4.448291592 0.242051698 0.175092904

300333b_01 0.008791808 0.000120172 0.066844063 0.003390243 56.42613004 1.535718128 65.69683889 6.442857952 0.270208128 0.141113469

300333b_02 0.009096232 0.000149688 0.094386396 0.004013351 58.37111149 1.912304655 91.57664414 7.433258657 0.387584001 0.362598269

300333b_03 0.009131759 0.000283432 0.074435105 0.00275761 58.59805579 3.62054146 72.89576559 5.205156416 0.838089942 0.196139099

300333b_04 0.005147835 6.25638E-05 0.059892092 0.004707995 33.09888669 0.802441992 59.05889184 9.000142674 0.155734166 0.439561332

300333b_05 0.009200859 0.000188528 0.069749059 0.002158779 59.03944309 2.408195584 68.4578098 4.093796871 0.662366089 0.137579142

300333b_06 0.010022629 0.000227923 0.121601527 0.00936042 64.28631277 2.90898632 116.5170059 16.87674379 0.296492799 0.448266695

300333b_07 0.00926366 9.5419E-05 0.076198946 0.00500061 59.44057204 1.218832522 74.56121261 9.413718517 0.157896079 0.202794993

300333b_08 0.00508476 4.99912E-05 0.049375893 0.002813396 32.69435884 0.64123074 48.93451058 5.436959879 0.173360876 0.331875226

300333b_09 0.009192443 0.000127788 0.086846343 0.0043324 58.98568525 1.632386323 84.55705064 8.078563516 0.279359614 0.302415531

300333b_10 0.01048298 0.000470918 0.131208367 0.010153604 67.22371099 6.006890805 125.1765787 18.14569624 0.5814131 0.462968938

300333b_11 0.008773941 0.000147629 0.064114755 0.002135427 56.31195241 1.886596831 63.09598709 4.070977377 0.505600251 0.107519273

300333b_12 0.041174901 0.01878411 1.499545292 0.77192688 260.1030636 230.5221481 930.15416 546.514889 0.889624911 0.72036564

300333b_13 0.008782312 0.000129287 0.062516564 0.00122352 56.36544694 1.65220887 61.56991691 2.337024887 0.75238322 0.08452943

300333b_14 0.008592736 9.64925E-05 0.063545035 0.001086888 55.15392716 1.233364285 62.5522396 2.074172133 0.656724204 0.118274141

300333b_15 0.00869301 0.000109196 0.060706933 0.001167434 55.79477679 1.395592191 59.83917484 2.233756159 0.653405978 0.067587798

300333b_16 0.008992184 0.000114896 0.069232947 0.001551475 57.70641072 1.468006356 67.96783344 2.944390951 0.570443087 0.150974692

300333b_16 0.009484598 0.000358318 0.076842975 0.004482793 60.851554 4.575374302 75.16863578 8.435906217 0.648242596 0.190466165

300333b_18 0.008293489 0.000116119 0.058669801 0.001671538 53.24106758 1.484659772 57.88731418 3.203694107 0.491794396 0.080263641

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104

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300333b_19 0.008798231 0.0001293 0.067410677 0.003706833 56.46716724 1.652340044 66.23595046 7.039735234 0.268024516 0.147484608

300333b_20 0.010344311 0.000620839 0.118966796 0.012249374 66.33903801 7.919734465 114.1291058 22.10895459 0.584105743 0.418736898

300333b_21 0.009296456 0.000113365 0.062230463 0.001336389 59.65003431 1.448006008 61.2964845 2.553166304 0.568104028 0.026860434

300333b_22 0.009292462 0.00015718 0.071784265 0.007205031 59.62452565 2.007620635 70.38765104 13.60537824 0.169958237 0.152912126

300333b_23 0.009209852 0.000100704 0.077541347 0.003319876 59.0968891 1.28641019 75.82690131 6.24679928 0.25599229 0.220634259

300333b_24 0.00905747 0.000104133 0.072467244 0.002564422 58.12348981 1.33040107 71.03444953 4.849808566 0.325372125 0.181756314

300333b_25 0.007645288 9.55818E-05 0.05739623 0.00115868 49.09566668 1.222872671 56.66514279 2.223953756 0.619530219 0.133582582

300333b_26 0.008831599 0.000134815 0.062376064 0.00113464 56.68038601 1.722765003 61.43564717 2.167634264 0.839332703 0.077402312

300333b_27 0.008838286 0.00011476 0.082732527 0.005434019 56.72311764 1.466494295 80.70663322 10.16600319 0.198621321 0.297169076

300333b_28 0.009283675 0.000124224 0.075918396 0.003085983 59.56840625 1.586718333 74.29649625 5.816075108 0.329740906 0.198233978

300333b_29 0.008800427 0.000127474 0.066946449 0.001502152 56.48120543 1.629005864 65.79427652 2.856956333 0.645800154 0.141548347

300333b_30 0.008702957 0.00013472 0.063217275 0.001334167 55.85834063 1.721768673 62.23928971 2.546558285 0.733693786 0.102522845

300333b_31 0.008921197 0.000127569 0.06331644 0.002172928 57.25287081 1.630029972 62.33398417 4.145503024 0.417124262 0.081514336

300333b_32 0.009336363 0.000108 0.068805383 0.001542318 59.9049071 1.379428695 67.56174215 2.928195505 0.516332137 0.11333093

300333b_33 0.009250715 0.000104326 0.066687992 0.000992819 59.35788874 1.332611212 65.54829295 1.88915951 0.757658833 0.094440357

300333b_34 0.009321345 7.97143E-05 0.087017697 0.005880129 59.80899524 1.018178543 84.71711735 10.95509426 0.127526878 0.294015223

300333b_35 0.008975411 0.000131265 0.068066379 0.001865837 57.59924926 1.677160213 66.85946961 3.544331128 0.533859914 0.138502749

300333b_36 0.009004483 0.000100493 0.067726194 0.001847423 57.78498251 1.283971207 66.53602942 3.510499822 0.409496538 0.131523431

300333b_37 0.008674568 0.000100162 0.067225292 0.001890997 55.67691563 1.280167204 66.05959562 3.594911288 0.410858655 0.157171413

300333b_38 0.005224976 4.84012E-05 0.045670584 0.003895875 33.59358545 0.620749521 45.34306725 7.551622067 0.109823126 0.259124107

300333b_39 0.008718676 0.000132899 0.064661778 0.001503442 55.95879559 1.698471932 63.61779842 2.865539543 0.655846007 0.120390881

300333b_40 0.009085162 0.000107756 0.105392664 0.012682628 58.30039744 1.376656699 101.7368507 23.16599446 0.100298894 0.426949065

300333b_41 0.009606118 8.35474E-05 0.094176345 0.003451121 61.62748948 1.066835473 91.38174874 6.394795882 0.237854093 0.32560396

300333b_42 0.009343335 0.00010263 0.070790213 0.002618381 59.94943307 1.310835038 69.4455199 4.959477222 0.297482671 0.136741533

300333b_43 0.009338368 0.000113404 0.066231315 0.00113092 59.91771196 1.448446026 65.1135093 2.152723481 0.711370641 0.079795996

300333b_44 0.009409649 0.000115276 0.077315526 0.001439233 60.37293768 1.472245589 75.61409579 2.711041602 0.658316182 0.201565038

300333b_45 0.009356394 0.000126104 0.065074638 0.000969418 60.032838 1.610610952 64.01145271 1.847444091 0.904824749 0.062154732

300333b_46 0.009575626 7.66337E-05 0.081089649 0.002646587 61.43280198 0.978584608 79.1648561 4.965136889 0.245665187 0.223988964

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300333b_47 0.008010797 8.33874E-05 0.062158838 0.004685109 51.43351303 1.06647745 61.22801994 8.937416691 0.139187179 0.159967723

300333b_48 0.00867674 0.000147563 0.080341104 0.007560451 55.69079587 1.885943662 78.46159818 14.16150652 0.182064357 0.290215887

300333b_49 0.00710422 7.17387E-05 0.054757311 0.001746273 45.63336761 0.918328398 54.12803668 3.359217063 0.317079847 0.156936582

300333b_50 0.00710422 7.17387E-05 0.054757311 0.001746273 45.63336761 0.918328398 54.12803668 3.359217063 0.317079847 0.156936582

300333b_51 0.008953946 6.8948E-05 0.10279949 0.008231302 57.46210902 0.880987888 99.35215479 15.10059564 0.097323728 0.42163198

300333b_52 0.00843095 8.91789E-05 0.061909283 0.001189075 54.11982007 1.140068744 60.98943911 2.272567317 0.550954115 0.112636206

300333b_53 0.008267043 8.72224E-05 0.057643374 0.000869333 53.07199286 1.115238856 56.90242762 1.668424501 0.699741869 0.067315841

300333b_54 0.008142718 8.53088E-05 0.063731382 0.001580696 52.27708922 1.090907002 62.73012337 3.015308927 0.422731416 0.166635001

300333b_55 0.008572475 0.000119992 0.089300266 0.003611941 55.02443103 1.533747476 86.84692119 6.722206425 0.346615933 0.366420476

300333b_56 0.008875964 7.22348E-05 0.06542916 0.001552147 56.96386402 0.923054211 64.34936081 2.956174149 0.343382505 0.114771875

300333b_57 0.007873401 7.61552E-05 0.060066269 0.002098482 50.55480683 0.974117577 59.22573283 4.015877763 0.277348448 0.146404706

300333b_58 0.007873401 7.61552E-05 0.060066269 0.002098482 50.55480683 0.974117577 59.22573283 4.015877763 0.277348448 0.146404706

300333b_59 0.004924778 4.62839E-05 0.041329454 0.001649191 31.66821884 0.593773644 41.11911666 3.213490585 0.236084855 0.229841947

300333b_60 0.007933833 8.15271E-05 0.056513686 0.000769124 50.94130994 1.042765383 55.8173539 1.477750222 0.755180327 0.087357132

300333b_61 0.008297092 7.84168E-05 0.062564782 0.001486442 53.26410262 1.002623157 61.6159927 2.83874864 0.398116202 0.13554744

300333b_62 0.008025309 7.28347E-05 0.059982554 0.001771758 51.52631906 0.931505745 59.14554737 3.391414264 0.30766142 0.128821672

300333b_63 0.008295327 9.26082E-05 0.063185919 0.001706063 53.25281904 1.184066332 62.20934528 3.255933546 0.413823866 0.143973967

300333b_64 0.008182859 4.36404E-05 0.070469093 0.00259677 52.53375035 0.558051759 69.14098552 4.9200657 0.145255712 0.240193787

300333b_65 0.007947333 5.40675E-05 0.061848532 0.001373482 51.02764775 0.691545271 60.93135116 2.624928264 0.306658805 0.162538713

300333b_66 0.007937363 7.79922E-05 0.070138117 0.005013722 50.96388517 0.997551143 68.82700959 9.491675631 0.138484493 0.259536547

300333b_67 0.007830152 5.7177E-05 0.06287243 0.004558937 50.27818737 0.731401033 61.90992264 8.691416975 0.101750462 0.187881599

300333b_68 0.00791072 5.23813E-05 0.061287943 0.001449431 50.79348827 0.670004016 60.39517866 2.77144256 0.280316338 0.158981074

300333b_69 0.008059801 0.000132426 0.085909319 0.014992481 51.74688446 1.693523897 83.6813054 27.84433818 0.096667974 0.381619536

300333b_70 0.006083008 0.000301237 0.188947787 0.026375226 39.09354337 3.85960856 175.7221076 44.55516776 0.356651389 0.777526323

300333_01b 0.008110756 0.00016844 0.046893553 0.002922619 52.0727186 2.153942071 46.52985858 5.661115233 0.334066534 -0.119124798

300333_02b 0.008474468 0.000151079 0.050491037 0.001509969 54.3979947 1.931265379 50.01290373 2.916766834 0.596475295 -0.087679192

300333_03b 0.008509414 0.0002151 0.058183757 0.001746752 54.62136861 2.749470899 57.42105942 3.349268286 0.842234433 0.048757213

300333_04b 0.008132419 0.000114271 0.057906381 0.001214044 52.21123662 1.461255999 57.1548818 2.329035524 0.670428685 0.086495589

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106

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300333_05b 0.008529648 0.000176283 0.060740147 0.004121454 54.75069981 2.253289097 59.87096825 7.874752547 0.305518643 0.085521724

300333_06b 0.00821992 0.000154894 0.05700554 0.001214018 52.77071046 1.980524508 56.28992621 2.330968793 0.884972092 0.062519459

300333_07b 0.008200651 0.000139401 0.074004989 0.003641023 52.64751187 1.782471396 72.48922825 6.872580632 0.346174678 0.273719515

300333_08b 0.007985741 0.000120016 0.057340426 0.001876533 51.27328064 1.534945914 56.61155724 3.600759357 0.459649812 0.094296586

300333_09b 0.007888741 0.000118058 0.057126937 0.003561905 50.65292254 1.510051876 56.40652993 6.830656603 0.240897204 0.102002506

300333_10b 0.008510901 0.000351252 0.061828847 0.002721022 54.63087109 4.489494063 60.91252767 5.197080831 0.938005739 0.103125856

300333_11b 0.007820902 9.87665E-05 0.052305286 0.000965853 50.21902274 1.263395657 51.76491853 1.86297869 0.684087415 0.029863773

300333_12b 0.007826828 9.10856E-05 0.058511989 0.003413624 50.25692584 1.165140788 57.73595081 6.538203927 0.200306159 0.12953844

300333_13b 0.007631467 7.1896E-05 0.048988987 0.001818038 49.00724876 0.919859902 48.56008776 3.516364434 0.254379303 -0.009208406

300333_14b 0.007788552 0.00011224 0.04896928 0.002574471 50.01210515 1.43577952 48.54101282 4.977723228 0.274843914 -0.030306173

300333_15b 0.008591873 0.000193756 0.056615039 0.00183945 55.14840764 2.476463076 55.91475138 3.532085698 0.694421263 0.013705574

300333_16b 0.005253428 0.000234127 0.029398342 0.007595366 33.77603618 3.002336082 29.41872024 14.92814373 0.176185257 -0.148113715

300333_17b 0.008178166 0.000116212 0.056527432 0.000956425 52.50374658 1.486019879 55.83056434 1.837432813 0.839989823 0.059587751

300333_18b 0.007948105 0.000114216 0.055968912 0.001613529 51.03258561 1.460822017 55.29368031 3.100501946 0.498824667 0.077062961

300333_19b 0.00827166 5.34507E-05 0.056808829 0.001326766 53.1015078 0.683437336 56.10095294 2.547787463 0.277008519 0.053465137

300333_20b 0.006848081 6.9652E-05 0.051086347 0.001244818 43.99367713 0.891843537 50.5881266 2.403523236 0.417731748 0.130355677

300334_01 0.006662728 0.000100337 0.042466171 0.001088856 42.80687115 1.284964579 42.22684944 2.119920074 0.587632423 -0.013735851

300334_02 0.007116995 0.000146904 0.051774114 0.001235684 45.71513634 1.880425414 51.25227976 2.38433887 0.865025902 0.108037017

300334_03 0.006669606 5.81598E-05 0.041561136 0.003597745 42.85091721 0.744831371 41.34498918 7.00219922 0.10198397 -0.036423471

300334_04 0.006465222 6.94972E-05 0.041597231 0.001827952 41.54200951 0.890199754 41.38017457 3.560589495 0.245233065 -0.003910929

300334_05 0.004720073 0.001500746 0.110163926 0.16470443 30.35498073 19.24297406 106.1099456 280.9122507 0.233707162 0.713928977

300334_06 0.007064755 0.000104312 0.061447248 0.002932507 45.38075198 1.335330349 60.54757373 5.602466645 0.310044102 0.250494294

300334_07 0.006854271 0.000106184 0.046828326 0.002583164 44.03331033 1.35957794 46.46659687 5.004711458 0.28160502 0.05236636

300334_08 0.006688527 6.7677E-05 0.057748857 0.003133707 42.97207351 0.866693088 57.00368586 6.007187885 0.187237288 0.24615272

300334_09 0.0076479 0.000178053 0.052570043 0.001758432 49.11237599 2.277905615 52.02034082 3.389610838 0.696364354 0.055900534

300334_10 0.006886442 0.000158501 0.048974622 0.001201698 44.23927433 2.02932385 48.54618364 2.324981828 0.938144537 0.088717773

300334_11 0.006539074 5.24264E-05 0.042815938 0.001825258 42.01499992 0.671493861 42.56745511 3.551196033 0.188675163 0.012978347

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300334_12 0.006968301 0.00018765 0.050010589 0.001873867 44.76332512 2.402292465 49.54843049 3.620725681 0.719072159 0.096574308

300334_13 0.006447984 4.30218E-05 0.043741497 0.00214034 41.43160129 0.551088951 43.46822089 4.159898165 0.137059314 0.04685307

300334_14 0.006701258 3.76898E-05 0.045406316 0.003605572 43.05359727 0.482668675 45.08643378 6.99164005 0.07197751 0.045087543

300334_15 0.006731341 5.44117E-05 0.045137068 0.002316047 43.24622294 0.69678843 44.82489853 4.495015478 0.158269654 0.035218721

300334_16 0.006230236 4.47497E-05 0.044585306 0.000948703 40.0367999 0.57334732 44.28873007 1.843431083 0.337847959 0.096004789

300334_17 0.007003163 3.08512E-05 0.046867773 0.000779782 44.98649045 0.394974045 46.50485633 1.512019264 0.265008915 0.03264962

300334_18 0.006293908 4.29252E-05 0.048143732 0.002164218 40.4446832 0.549936502 47.74162423 4.188610353 0.152360255 0.152842329

300334_19 0.006407286 3.74731E-05 0.040446113 0.002328889 41.1709301 0.480033905 40.25746353 4.540268028 0.102402661 -0.022690614

300334_20 0.006284115 4.10648E-05 0.042593532 0.00338415 40.3819529 0.526106806 42.35088761 6.580647142 0.083395224 0.04649099

070242_01 0.009022114 9.15517E-05 0.058085506 0.002446798 57.89761934 1.169714899 57.32678318 4.690440049 0.241487751 -0.009957582

070242_02 0.008778725 0.000116398 0.059855956 0.000974817 56.34252485 1.487499763 59.02427446 1.866871769 0.814272224 0.04543469

070242_03 0.008561512 0.000154972 0.062703852 0.00260838 54.95436449 1.980853097 61.7488723 4.978105589 0.435680656 0.110034525

070242_04 0.008394684 0.000131717 0.062640471 0.002089951 53.88799189 1.683905533 61.68831417 3.98988905 0.47070756 0.126447325

070242_05 0.008572444 0.000160785 0.056561153 0.001285532 55.0242328 2.055125838 55.86296978 2.469232934 0.825419148 0.015014185

070242_06 0.008331576 0.000176243 0.059974953 0.002080175 53.48456245 2.253219818 59.1382665 3.981221367 0.61029137 0.09560145

070242_07 0.008355724 0.000106638 0.061739463 0.002859271 53.63893637 1.363351628 60.82705417 5.461237004 0.276216836 0.118173038

070242_08 0.008190353 0.000139398 0.053792912 0.00259192 52.58166539 1.782456884 53.19926188 4.988508146 0.353884112 0.011609118

070242_09 0.008702913 0.000168565 0.060395327 0.002573012 55.85806214 2.154273375 59.54085572 4.921363186 0.455185439 0.061853219

070242_10 0.008160434 0.000114279 0.056419159 0.001091902 52.39036594 1.461323325 55.72650766 2.097785139 0.723789399 0.059866334

070242_11 0.009971533 0.000168861 0.185471745 0.003731309 63.96019784 2.155354957 172.749307 6.381536788 0.841910407 0.629751349

070242_12 0.01054155 0.000448789 0.046331397 0.010692045 67.59733868 5.724345153 45.98450414 20.6452352 0.187768226 -0.470002557

070242_13 0.008088321 0.000112329 0.055040463 0.000838482 51.92925631 1.436498022 54.40056817 1.613205803 0.911731607 0.045428052

070242_14 0.008308214 0.000253942 0.05838995 0.00181992 53.33521065 3.246546219 57.61888344 3.48876158 0.980737146 0.074344946

070242_15 0.007647163 5.86662E-05 0.05420854 0.004792059 49.10766038 0.750586598 53.59964052 9.209759926 0.088059881 0.083806162

070242_16 0.008026064 8.73281E-05 0.061534292 0.001886401 51.53114729 1.116857563 60.63083269 3.605390776 0.355339014 0.150083464

070242_17 0.007807287 0.000106462 0.057412688 0.00105404 50.13193706 1.361844676 56.6809458 2.023178593 0.742931079 0.115541628

070242_18 0.008336798 3.90445E-05 0.058873384 0.000528708 53.51794217 0.499206067 58.08254397 1.013681358 0.52162203 0.078588186

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070242_19 0.008228887 0.000110446 0.058439502 0.001806871 52.82804097 1.412219125 57.66641858 3.463605581 0.434503308 0.083902863

070242_20 0.008118215 0.000131644 0.064558374 0.001566843 52.12041502 1.683430467 63.51918037 2.986581843 0.668401653 0.179453911

070242_01B 0.007871647 8.31186E-05 0.04726496 0.001108905 50.54359016 1.063186029 46.89000486 2.14904734 0.450371023 -0.077918211

070242_02B 0.009302088 0.000234491 0.060902127 0.001748311 59.68600239 2.994946632 60.02600154 3.343672218 0.878330991 0.005664198

070242_03B 0.009212914 0.000147856 0.062867273 0.001634772 59.11644162 1.888675921 61.90499653 3.120917651 0.617471511 0.045045716

070242_05B 0.009500054 0.00042083 0.063344381 0.002910902 60.95025027 5.373334944 62.36066389 5.551338953 0.964141281 0.02261704

070242_06B 0.008040823 0.000105186 0.052525547 0.000813052 51.62552288 1.345215956 51.97741757 1.568036274 0.845223891 0.006770146

070242_07B 0.008124043 0.000136128 0.053399931 0.001348332 52.15767639 1.740759251 52.82055323 2.597548902 0.663893685 0.0125496

070242_08B 0.00804738 8.954E-05 0.056121084 0.000777407 51.66745896 1.145119974 55.43998579 1.494213886 0.803350035 0.068047038

070242_09B 0.008064495 9.89187E-05 0.051656349 0.002175714 51.7768989 1.265035889 51.13858965 4.196786561 0.291805585 -0.012481949

070242_10B 0.008269964 6.97154E-05 0.064284521 0.002202595 53.09066529 0.89139738 63.25795734 4.198224695 0.246516823 0.16072748

070242_11B 0.006238324 6.23264E-05 0.033800262 0.001084761 40.08860891 0.798531216 33.75123098 2.129646923 0.311750109 -0.187767312

070242_11C 0.008226867 9.70382E-05 0.058692499 0.001023688 52.81513093 1.240788212 57.90908241 1.962571914 0.676461233 0.087964638

070242_12B 0.008312481 0.000125616 0.056841502 0.002311239 53.36248423 1.606037092 56.13234354 4.436069648 0.372196961 0.049345157

070242_13B 0.009724122 0.000202166 0.063654045 0.002134537 62.38088627 2.581044845 62.65630289 4.071043399 0.620364042 0.004395673

070242_13C 0.008500734 0.000398514 -0.061869071 -0.033763695 54.56588894 5.093488602 -64.84491449 -74.43194693 0.093782072 1.841482935

070242_14B 0.008148378 0.000112697 0.053158507 0.000927382 52.31327874 1.441115179 52.58782724 1.787357849 0.792940784 0.005220761

300339-1_01 0.008516699 0.000159829 0.057750976 0.001150086 54.66793429 2.043016006 57.00571974 2.206727421 0.942447872 0.041009665

300339-1_02 0.007979151 0.00011288 0.064760725 0.001450724 51.23113251 1.443696851 63.7121563 2.764871799 0.631772937 0.195897055

300339-1_03 0.009635281 0.000147092 0.072636385 0.001674002 61.81369231 1.878136628 71.19456722 3.166668143 0.66265452 0.131763915

300339-1_05 0.010157543 0.000463229 0.094657631 0.006775835 65.14730962 5.910729159 91.82825545 12.53088352 0.637887796 0.290552681

300339-1_06 0.007665006 0.000165065 0.069191024 0.003458114 49.22181004 2.111727018 67.92802331 6.557231317 0.431530817 0.275382859

300339-1_07 0.007905925 0.000142901 0.056505019 0.002582825 50.76282613 1.827752418 55.8090251 4.958278521 0.396042125 0.090419049

300339-1_08 0.007357089 0.000146364 0.05927182 0.002299374 47.25170901 1.873066624 58.46452422 4.403207634 0.51330482 0.19178836

300339-1_09 0.007791693 0.000161099 0.056712716 0.001782962 50.0321949 2.060736267 56.00860824 3.423394588 0.658001426 0.106705264

300339-1_10 0.007411675 0.000126131 0.051534851 0.001020265 47.60100113 1.614062878 51.02128138 1.969321177 0.859738163 0.067036345

300339-1_11 0.009066108 0.000122429 0.065206049 0.003322686 58.17867252 1.564123415 64.13671858 6.324366878 0.265721428 0.092896023

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109

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300339-1_12 0.007069518 0.000117641 0.042716628 0.001539955 45.41124203 1.505942445 42.47075825 2.996809248 0.462055535 -0.06923549

300339-1_13 0.009103215 0.000138369 0.064647979 0.002540883 58.41571946 1.767701857 63.60463833 4.840595047 0.387262524 0.081580825

300339-1_14 0.007287938 0.000109904 0.050680797 0.005123607 46.80919072 1.406597958 50.19629637 9.878388504 0.150617673 0.067477202

300339-1_15 0.007626437 9.26787E-05 0.054986507 0.006314904 48.97507292 1.185753671 54.3486415 12.11884341 0.107471121 0.098872178

300339-1_16 0.007012692 0.00010553 0.05086459 0.002809186 45.04749403 1.350994009 50.37388985 5.421155072 0.273245829 0.105737235

300339-1_17 0.00726354 9.40271E-05 0.041746732 0.003154868 46.6530498 1.20343866 41.52589548 6.140448518 0.17237525 -0.123468844

300339-1_18 0.007286545 0.000140177 0.050607246 0.001588474 46.80027229 1.794023713 50.12521758 3.067958792 0.613257479 0.066332785

300339-1_19 0.00732827 0.000134127 0.050827564 0.001172028 47.06728751 1.716528062 50.3381157 2.263613742 0.793940111 0.064977168

300339-1_20 0.007124659 0.000123763 0.046741894 0.0009727 45.76418579 1.5842192 46.38276163 1.886146199 0.834912264 0.013336331

300339-1_21 0.008176481 0.000171705 0.047021852 0.002805609 52.4929695 2.195547305 46.65428223 5.434104306 0.352765722 -0.125147939

300339-1_22 0.007462577 0.000152595 0.05130965 0.001849658 47.92670176 1.95259612 50.8038106 3.569577543 0.567660065 0.056631753

300339-1_23 0.009197598 0.00015254 0.067517875 0.003345576 59.01861265 1.948532685 66.33791344 6.354098325 0.335377273 0.1103336

300339-1_24 0.009167733 0.000122586 0.062532039 0.001700994 58.82785204 1.565977798 61.58470477 3.248263267 0.491906247 0.044765218

300339-1_25 0.007605754 0.000128387 0.061468886 0.005149981 48.84275444 1.642615645 60.56827175 9.828445089 0.202667845 0.193591743

300339-1_26 0.007183034 8.22361E-05 0.045631051 0.001134449 46.13781084 1.052617939 45.30468083 2.201957772 0.460820607 -0.018389491

300339-1_27 0.009047147 0.000138293 0.059071894 0.002229389 58.05754358 1.76682146 58.27287364 4.270135369 0.405526443 0.003695202

300339-1_28 0.007306859 0.000107936 0.052682666 0.001682811 46.9302748 1.381382436 52.12897343 3.243610951 0.462862519 0.099727623

300339-1_29 0.008885808 0.000164304 0.058277821 0.002357535 57.02676158 2.099445082 57.5113109 4.518694891 0.457605588 0.008425287

300339-1_30 0.007406965 0.000154582 0.045774614 0.002345648 47.57086222 1.978131348 45.44407386 4.549629572 0.407946961 -0.046800126

300339-1_31 0.007253644 9.01016E-05 0.050739235 0.004620437 46.58971629 1.15320993 50.2527664 8.909899608 0.137715332 0.072892507

300339-1_32 0.007263068 0.000107874 0.046038951 0.001492597 46.65002756 1.380654506 45.70068315 2.895495429 0.458538399 -0.02077309

300339-1_33 0.007623446 0.000138521 0.059238487 0.002529055 48.95593934 1.772235864 58.43257301 4.842665313 0.426168107 0.162180667

300339-1_34 0.00753777 9.64298E-05 0.057517441 0.001706871 48.40780605 1.233852563 56.78152507 3.274921164 0.431477426 0.147472598

300339-1_35 0.0076908 8.31869E-05 0.049982317 0.000994654 49.38681298 1.06425105 49.52109181 1.922748404 0.543777563 0.002711548

300339-1_36 0.00733676 0.000122005 0.050597885 0.001391236 47.12161802 1.56138706 50.11617073 2.687291689 0.605107438 0.059752225

300339-1_37 0.007211498 0.000129938 0.049337158 0.001852634 46.31998773 1.663108137 48.89703232 3.582030053 0.480315077 0.052703497

300339-1_38 0.006994662 8.96741E-05 0.046735529 0.003126623 44.93207735 1.148034254 46.37658721 6.056595687 0.192585932 0.031147394

300339-1_39 0.007369985 0.000124062 0.05472304 0.001764956 47.33423212 1.587657218 54.0950465 3.39523866 0.522323658 0.124980286

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300339-1_40 0.009214654 0.000138523 0.06724717 0.0025787 59.12755606 1.769467722 66.08040929 4.900602914 0.39253853 0.105218072

300339-1_41 0.007891335 9.70171E-05 0.05787039 0.001318039 50.66950916 1.240931196 57.12033808 2.528501524 0.540069252 0.112934012

300339-1_42 0.007217699 0.000125896 0.048449098 0.002396127 46.35967507 1.611372612 48.03738728 4.635584671 0.353357957 0.034925134

300339-1_43 0.007707637 0.000140645 0.052441664 0.002655189 49.49452031 1.799263775 51.89649628 5.116676588 0.361085218 0.046283972

300339-1_44 0.007419402 0.000130181 0.050741922 0.001131339 47.65044846 1.665881151 50.25536337 2.185249003 0.787160677 0.05183357

300339-1_45 0.008229121 9.75997E-05 0.124941697 0.008062732 52.82953969 1.247965682 119.5362057 14.50234964 0.184709248 0.558045704

300339-1_46 0.007762706 0.000253886 0.068117089 0.007718854 49.84678351 3.247576041 66.90767476 14.62201726 0.290193809 0.254991543

300339-1_47 0.00713917 9.18668E-05 0.048301192 0.002011539 45.85706872 1.175934911 47.89414355 3.892815915 0.309561254 0.042532859

300339-1_48 0.007050091 5.62088E-05 0.05554144 0.00402176 45.28688858 0.719573952 54.88257568 7.722407119 0.111149689 0.17484032

300339-1_49 0.00710535 7.44703E-05 0.042690505 0.005109971 45.64059492 0.953293442 42.44532048 9.927475872 0.089290214 -0.075279781

300339-1_50 0.007150626 6.17092E-05 0.053272651 0.001458867 45.93039319 0.789907778 52.69786543 2.81068433 0.315510383 0.128420234

300339-1_51 0.007423829 8.65195E-05 0.049742936 0.004012661 47.67877497 1.107177221 49.28958373 7.747447804 0.145629901 0.03268051

300339-1_52 0.0068064 8.54555E-05 0.038876885 0.002310524 43.7268148 1.094232889 38.72495837 4.511300834 0.212095668 -0.129163636

300339-1_53 0.006923961 7.41137E-05 0.054284032 0.00382244 44.47947273 0.948898744 53.67234637 7.349111437 0.153020323 0.171277655

300339-1_54 0.008698699 0.000110064 0.049189999 0.001878667 55.83113155 1.406673845 48.75463169 3.632829095 0.331819236 -0.145145181

300339-1_55 0.007503154 0.000177226 0.032305412 0.007180891 48.18632822 2.267649621 32.28202383 14.07673162 0.109466728 -0.492667513

300339-1_56 0.007407171 7.50803E-05 0.050192925 0.000721933 47.57217966 0.960813288 49.72472846 1.395456456 0.704872569 0.043289302

300339-1_57 0.006386954 0.000116825 0.045682662 0.008916782 41.04069932 1.496513932 45.35479431 17.24253019 0.096527776 0.09511883

300339-1_58 0.007750142 0.00014882 0.048210114 0.002501821 49.7664178 1.90375159 47.80592544 4.840920123 0.370725926 -0.041009401

300339-1_59 0.009072582 0.00013633 0.057881015 0.001541007 58.22002793 1.741702197 57.13053564 2.955898989 0.564725192 -0.019070227

300339-1_60 0.008964901 0.000118333 0.066437287 0.001614506 57.53210358 1.511954334 65.30963043 3.071946654 0.54346203 0.119086983

300339-1_61 0.007817133 0.000118622 0.052872268 0.003036811 50.19491898 1.517373459 52.31183157 5.848632633 0.265000499 0.040467185

300339-1_62 0.007262454 0.000117886 0.049195984 0.00112298 46.64609627 1.50878308 48.76042351 2.172305067 0.711339861 0.043361544

300339-1_63 0.007112996 9.37871E-05 0.047914892 0.000936271 45.68953809 1.200546684 47.51992333 1.813508591 0.67498492 0.03851827

300339-1_64 0.006993811 0.000141907 0.048419538 0.001092364 44.92662503 1.816686898 48.00876055 2.114677041 0.899521675 0.06419944

300339-1_65 0.00898643 0.00016239 0.063474385 0.003107534 57.66964952 2.074782987 62.48479032 5.925062951 0.369768314 0.077061006

300339-1_66 0.008854952 0.000144055 0.065828885 0.003577342 56.82960737 1.840783481 64.73021805 6.804294118 0.300114758 0.122054442

300339-1_67 0.008801955 0.000146 0.059643504 0.002133256 56.49096823 1.865738156 58.82072731 4.083986415 0.464221107 0.039607791

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111

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300339-1_68 0.00724207 0.000189363 0.048685524 0.002257141 46.51564663 2.423562402 48.26631902 4.366006427 0.564547135 0.036271098

300339-1_69 0.008660442 0.000145824 0.060138084 0.001802943 55.58664107 1.863746165 59.29451449 3.450549749 0.561997756 0.062533161

300339-1_70 0.007029309 0.000164475 0.050937634 0.002293701 45.15386239 2.105503657 50.44446153 4.427150187 0.52018111 0.104879683

300335b_01 0.00826561 0.000135257 0.055810637 0.000980684 53.06283184 1.729379371 55.14148424 1.885295105 0.931357365 0.037696707

300335b_02 0.003427968 2.49867E-05 0.026495384 0.001989542 22.05959815 0.321033818 26.5513862 3.931998624 0.098154706 0.169173391

300335b_03 0.007741851 8.32855E-05 0.05023673 0.002545055 49.71337704 1.065457939 49.76707833 4.914984356 0.213066214 0.001079053

300335b_04 0.003299228 2.93038E-05 0.012713512 0.002084101 21.23249846 0.37654911 12.82706202 4.17468273 0.056556343 -0.655289296

300335b_05 0.008807914 0.000118087 0.13270615 0.012374983 56.52904097 1.509049033 126.520045 22.06498151 0.145110901 0.55320091

300335b_06 0.003370727 2.94728E-05 0.026170692 0.001996298 21.69186215 0.378693346 26.2301747 3.946585898 0.115726124 0.17301877

300335b_07 0.008064013 0.000103158 0.055258892 0.000926929 51.77381929 1.319249211 54.61075445 1.782930932 0.76277625 0.051948287

300335_01 0.096525988 0.001599433 0.809301528 0.013789638 593.9985111 18.79164951 602.0315513 15.41807026 0.972534684 0.013343221

300335_02 0.084637661 0.000529335 0.753766029 0.012052351 523.7283426 6.290340274 570.3782031 13.90752773 0.391352956 0.081787593

300335_03 0.003358626 3.00082E-05 0.024843945 0.002559011 21.6141188 0.385576947 24.91659228 5.064198194 0.088229544 0.132541137

300335_04 0.09283443 0.0005618 1.021126516 0.018226716 572.2601391 6.625971958 714.4431285 18.23063691 0.339277682 0.199012327

300335_05 0.072563958 0.004516689 0.585948897 0.03789017 451.5696776 54.17742424 468.2535294 47.94443861 0.962823535 0.035629954

300335_06 0.105366358 0.00171044 0.848775887 0.014532005 645.7604985 19.93425482 623.9453114 15.89929403 0.948220834 -0.0349633

300335_07 0.021610032 0.001526598 0.677409273 0.078682328 137.8188979 19.25082604 525.1807326 93.08590656 0.609530514 0.737578153

300335_08 0.003569669 7.39551E-05 0.014095539 0.005349509 22.96985199 0.950032787 14.21171761 10.68390387 0.060083675 -0.616261498

300335_09 0.008233376 9.20927E-05 0.059585635 0.004453191 52.85674533 1.177547492 58.76527697 8.516517918 0.150735635 0.100544606

300335_10 0.003602828 5.28797E-05 0.028687116 0.002843467 23.18283861 0.679281762 28.7169708 5.605356285 0.149497296 0.192712951

300335_11 0.168453526 0.002846102 1.663724086 0.028689089 1003.552518 31.36496499 994.745838 21.75389663 0.979844204 -0.008853196

300335_12 0.085451531 0.003876196 0.702288105 0.032108969 528.5635154 45.95737302 540.1292415 37.94609655 0.99222677 0.021412886

300335_13 0.092844444 0.001157481 0.743385295 0.00967064 572.3192075 13.64770717 564.3504872 11.23305645 0.958387134 -0.014120162

300335_14 0.105122157 0.001066514 0.88570873 0.009858934 644.336224 12.43601048 644.0285659 10.58913212 0.911517447 -0.000477709

300335_15 0.003620649 2.83682E-05 0.029315017 0.000849026 23.29729745 0.364410131 29.33653009 1.674292429 0.270934056 0.205860496

300335_16 0.003582095 3.63105E-05 0.024878356 0.000439711 23.04966502 0.466451011 24.95068424 0.871043231 0.573731684 0.076191066

300335-2_01 0.008082617 7.56552E-05 0.057906286 0.003757494 51.89278292 0.96752165 57.15479009 7.199772483 0.145180731 0.0920659

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112

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300335-2_02 0.008991416 0.000238087 0.12973842 0.012963925 57.70150116 3.041806839 123.8563502 23.16949084 0.266393304 0.534125613

300335-2_03 0.007957712 7.14966E-05 0.05205839 0.001133638 51.09402544 0.914453726 51.5266693 2.186947843 0.41287272 0.008396503

300335-2_04 0.008101318 6.37669E-05 0.053443895 0.000797644 52.01237008 0.815476606 52.86292747 1.536990375 0.527569848 0.016089865

300335-2_05 0.007973677 0.000114696 0.051140041 0.001482984 51.19612414 1.466930646 50.63999191 2.862908371 0.496403613 -0.010982076

300335-2_06 0.008066802 7.96766E-05 0.041459269 0.00587753 51.79165614 1.018963741 41.24568322 11.42793604 0.071722631 -0.255686707

300335-2_07 0.008393397 7.20284E-05 0.054532733 0.000592237 53.87976572 0.920857631 53.91183054 1.140122961 0.79027916 0.000594764

300335_01c 0.00379054 4.14724E-05 0.03509395 0.002238853 24.38841242 0.532648606 35.02101257 4.387472085 0.172411503 0.303606303

300335_02c 0.17144781 0.003003699 1.760939237 0.032637892 1020.050462 33.01500968 1031.141157 23.86429979 0.945337687 0.010755748

300335_02Bc 0.17406388 0.002533943 1.799464074 0.027125143 1034.430041 27.79528175 1045.210678 19.58120529 0.965794702 0.01031432

300335_03c 0.003841219 3.34259E-05 0.033176549 0.001993452 24.71385734 0.429284328 33.13847539 3.914267603 0.145685825 0.254224672

300335_04c 0.008771952 8.36151E-05 0.06249145 0.00097757 56.29924634 1.068581867 61.54591832 1.867499592 0.609521898 0.08524809

300335_05c 0.008891008 0.000132642 0.061889711 0.001527177 57.0599886 1.694895902 60.97072478 2.918338285 0.604873343 0.064141212

300335_06c 0.008738567 0.000103309 0.059921313 0.001427498 56.08590601 1.320291862 59.08688459 2.733049891 0.49655173 0.05078925

300335_07c 0.003766117 3.10916E-05 0.039540054 0.004776276 24.23156931 0.399336056 39.37289028 9.308725729 0.070091334 0.38456209

300335_08c 0.003793885 5.90233E-05 0.033217245 0.001460433 24.40989015 0.758054712 33.17846793 2.868277791 0.354448046 0.264285192

300335_09c 0.003793885 5.90233E-05 0.033217245 0.001460433 24.40989015 0.758054712 33.17846793 2.868277791 0.354448046 0.264285192

300335_2_01d 0.008360174 0.000110632 0.064894359 0.004874413 53.66738526 1.414408966 63.83957864 9.273881604 0.177249364 0.15933992

300335_2_02d 0.003823925 5.38243E-05 0.035128868 0.002692313 24.60280095 0.691263443 35.05526314 5.274786067 0.184749572 0.298170981

300335_2_03d 0.008013982 5.83334E-05 0.056276064 0.00113649 51.45388182 0.746058023 55.58896926 2.183697194 0.360708523 0.074386834

300335_2_04d 0.003690879 3.17182E-05 0.030692897 0.001213726 23.74837137 0.407413643 30.69478287 2.389866802 0.217877701 0.226305934

300335_2_05d 0.008161047 6.92542E-05 0.057900026 0.002664411 52.39428594 0.885595172 57.14878191 5.107967156 0.185062995 0.083195054

300335_2_06d 0.003471599 2.88899E-05 0.022375248 0.000280179 22.33988749 0.371166515 22.46785909 0.556421833 0.66471698 0.005695763

070287_01 0.006652832 0.000122234 0.045638055 0.007867378 42.74350502 1.565379716 45.311481 15.22151067 0.109066862 0.056673848

070287_02 0.006824557 8.66929E-05 0.061933531 0.00733796 43.84306561 1.110056678 61.0126234 13.98362234 0.108924209 0.281409925

070287_03 0.006995396 6.4351E-05 0.073824703 0.006468526 44.93677443 0.823849893 72.31877708 12.19565137 0.106251602 0.378629227

070287_04 0.006523214 7.60839E-05 0.037186531 0.004830888 41.91342466 0.974510491 37.07156959 9.436230417 0.091658365 -0.13060831

070287_05 0.006488122 8.43354E-05 0.03605179 0.008334369 41.68867922 1.080232046 35.96013065 16.27002198 0.059574048 -0.159302774

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070287_06 0.00687523 0.000105523 0.057464435 0.005149011 44.16749481 1.351091802 56.73063273 9.863720099 0.172572109 0.221452456

070287_07 0.006972282 0.0001161 0.01390789 0.008200056 44.78881129 1.486361811 14.0238222 16.35708439 0.036788262 -2.193766338

070287_08 0.006617957 7.61715E-05 0.031793096 0.005317724 42.52017056 0.975540853 31.77800679 10.43888969 0.0712336 -0.338037683

070287_09 0.006913494 0.000164796 0.036838226 0.010383067 44.41246396 2.109859503 36.73054629 20.23424392 0.088642857 -0.209142484

070287_10 0.006710973 0.000120156 0.033655773 0.007198385 43.11580405 1.538677992 33.60931283 14.0925361 0.086801489 -0.282852888

070287_11 0.007073066 0.000143635 0.047601625 0.012134856 45.43395272 1.838663447 47.21635194 23.38692191 0.083344242 0.037749617

070287_12 0.007235873 0.000112071 0.063046416 0.010102172 46.4759842 1.434402146 62.0761128 19.20635527 0.098972586 0.251306467

070287_13 0.007787935 0.000146145 0.018667516 0.00592033 50.00815969 1.869466001 18.77897869 11.7677202 0.063760481 -1.662986124

070287_14 0.007674135 9.98633E-05 0.053047394 0.002718449 49.28021059 1.277610139 52.48069965 5.235416016 0.25465177 0.060984116

070287_15 0.007637266 0.000139716 0.059248186 0.009045646 49.04434912 1.787496625 58.44187055 17.26759644 0.122021511 0.160801175

070287_16 0.006541023 7.40416E-05 0.034495279 0.007001765 42.02748317 0.948337169 34.43360195 13.6978151 0.05870662 -0.22053694

070287_17 0.006787122 0.000101267 0.039473315 0.004824872 43.60338851 1.296710949 39.30770371 9.403820775 0.123826825 -0.109283535

070287_18 0.007180243 0.000103648 0.045192167 0.005488851 46.11995024 1.326676896 44.87842446 10.6361706 0.120599787 -0.027664202

070287_19 0.006810074 0.000137137 0.075061966 0.019711422 43.75033658 1.75594888 73.48797119 36.8952939 0.080480293 0.404659894

070287_20 0.00750323 0.000145985 0.072071407 0.008934694 48.18681298 1.867951269 70.65963166 16.85351062 0.158719047 0.318043247

070287_01B 0.007046071 0.000128014 0.045957633 0.005169506 45.26115877 1.638761008 45.6217493 10.01156161 0.163127183 0.007903917

070287_02B 0.007051229 0.00011068 0.057871011 0.004086909 45.29417281 1.416862455 57.12093471 7.830013583 0.223262991 0.207047766

070287_03B 0.007445873 0.000161308 0.056476907 0.002900931 47.81982245 2.064114611 55.78200783 5.568261734 0.422443608 0.142737519

070287_04B 0.007332237 0.000139251 0.054214505 0.003029275 47.09267805 1.782088507 53.60538576 5.826721944 0.340651737 0.121493533

070287_05B 0.007354591 9.72468E-05 0.041860537 0.00432128 47.23572106 1.244532004 41.63680816 8.405074365 0.129572825 -0.134470272

070287_06B 0.007301314 0.000216563 0.066956833 0.012410887 46.89479065 2.771480127 65.80415749 23.48443486 0.162672451 0.287358239

070287_07B 0.007803288 0.000150701 0.060132809 0.010263291 50.10635916 1.927717662 59.28946225 19.56457555 0.115611435 0.154885923

070287_08B 0.008079736 0.000161948 0.050271305 0.003026627 51.87435877 2.070998547 49.80050422 5.843462498 0.33374279 -0.041643244

070287_09B 0.00706812 0.00012804 0.050317127 0.002082713 45.40229622 1.639052104 49.8448009 4.022690576 0.438190164 0.089126741

070287_10B 0.008767111 0.000755561 0.179251449 0.040277519 56.26831073 9.652733745 167.4077283 68.19945291 0.386546405 0.663884629

070287_11B 0.007243444 0.000114168 0.048757661 0.003663136 46.52443806 1.461238578 48.33616005 7.080409045 0.210858049 0.037481711

070287_12B 0.009422494 0.00053103 0.228150072 0.037253301 60.45496651 6.78056717 208.6597936 60.68009452 0.34737105 0.71027017

070287_13B 0.00742754 0.000139357 0.067920313 0.005017892 47.70251643 1.783277709 66.72060596 9.519233692 0.254994155 0.28504072

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070287_14B 0.007103525 9.3679E-05 0.045603876 0.002947166 45.62891701 1.19917361 45.2782926 5.715627302 0.204980976 -0.007743764

070287_15B 0.007380986 0.000161245 0.035234823 0.006303947 47.40463024 2.063445416 35.15918708 12.32799891 0.124679254 -0.34828573

070287_16B 0.007187093 0.000139092 0.058442768 0.011731324 46.16379408 1.780308698 57.66955113 22.38317915 0.09930904 0.199511819

070287_17B 0.007220494 0.000111984 0.056911511 0.005805253 46.37755952 1.433318951 56.19959991 11.12321734 0.153505947 0.174770646

070287_18B 0.007620678 0.00011254 0.103072687 0.012607226 48.93822964 1.439862359 99.60365298 23.07720438 0.122497145 0.508670333

070287_19B 0.007219931 0.000104479 0.04181846 0.006149461 46.37395598 1.337261968 41.59580259 11.95100009 0.100529261 -0.114871047

070287_20B 0.007574744 0.00021676 0.033336784 0.005435775 48.64436304 2.773251947 33.29593086 10.65412076 0.177825521 -0.460970208

070287_21B 0.007097737 0.000104303 0.051245969 0.005317721 45.59186822 1.335169853 50.74230637 10.2462021 0.143105024 0.101501853

070287_22B 0.007844177 0.000128986 0.064077155 0.010993577 50.36789147 1.649893933 63.06011048 20.87228034 0.098319184 0.201271753

070287_23B 0.007067884 0.00012804 0.053363424 0.010404484 45.4007825 1.639048977 52.78536446 19.95924481 0.095728108 0.139898285

070287_24B 0.007392236 0.000161256 0.055182638 0.006637563 47.47661706 2.063560964 54.53738283 12.73375589 0.183072033 0.129466531

070287_25B 0.007239953 0.000114164 0.049578394 0.002796539 46.50209659 1.461184079 49.13042312 5.403384803 0.28033829 0.053496924

070287_26B 0.007062242 0.000117173 0.063062664 0.003885147 45.36466948 1.49995577 62.09163111 7.407882043 0.270167583 0.269391564

070287_27B 0.007181857 0.000128173 0.044342585 0.00525978 46.13027998 1.640568646 44.05277939 10.20166533 0.152157339 -0.047159353

300340_01b 0.009204092 8.27332E-05 0.066334334 0.001148989 59.0600926 1.05685931 65.21160617 2.186888018 0.519159642 0.094331576

300340_02b 0.005396519 0.000547647 0.076878804 0.015106824 34.69354999 7.02067751 75.20241725 28.28887259 0.518875419 0.538664431

300340_03b 0.008490112 0.000227051 0.152942957 0.019314367 54.49799102 2.902263405 144.499712 33.73633989 0.213556436 0.622850522

300340_04b 0.011183593 0.000121996 0.209718874 0.014722027 71.69160507 1.55533172 193.3069317 24.56358152 0.156399416 0.629130707

300340_05b 0.007922289 0.000250662 0.061404128 0.002540775 50.86747999 3.205836619 60.50632626 4.855164726 0.765047494 0.159303115

300340_06b 0.008076944 0.000226964 0.084656082 0.016743194 51.85650756 2.902347516 82.50884508 31.10666803 0.144917231 0.371503655

300340_07b 0.009291441 9.54647E-05 0.086424507 0.006577372 59.61800369 1.219381761 84.16289483 12.25686457 0.136096779 0.291635538

300340_08b 0.007208487 7.81042E-05 0.051131072 0.000880688 46.3007172 0.999706573 50.6313292 1.700673977 0.62925605 0.08553226

300340_09b 0.009426446 0.000369653 0.049003936 0.050006496 60.48020405 4.720353742 48.5745577 94.56612019 0.053206868 -0.245100458

300340_10b 0.009157114 0.000115176 0.062468173 0.003690091 58.76002153 1.471336657 61.52367419 7.040538602 0.213760939 0.04492015

300340_11b 0.007192943 8.27463E-05 0.049752929 0.000975795 46.20123325 1.059136966 49.29924937 1.886719851 0.586776294 0.06284104

300340_12b 0.007714158 0.000167649 0.092153601 0.009193266 49.53623188 2.144680572 89.50302377 17.02168342 0.219260775 0.446541248

300340_13b 0.009231621 5.68431E-05 0.084542351 0.003831703 59.23593217 0.726121377 82.40237733 7.161716132 0.136508432 0.281138068

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115

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300340_14b 0.007227007 6.771E-05 0.060604178 0.003388622 46.41924279 0.866652098 59.740811 6.477610536 0.168360629 0.22298941

300340_15b 0.00729242 6.77502E-05 0.068422569 0.00270226 46.83787358 0.867110313 67.19801602 5.129480459 0.235796472 0.302987255

300340_16b 0.006716528 7.20402E-05 0.057761915 0.00339138 43.15137361 0.922542593 57.01621979 6.50026486 0.183518937 0.243173718

300340_17b 0.007772882 0.000179498 0.075427058 0.008164635 49.91187464 2.296112204 73.83272009 15.3585517 0.214871386 0.323987054

300340_18b 0.009602715 0.000227305 0.082740739 0.003287033 61.60576331 2.902308513 80.71433404 6.155439428 0.596303062 0.236743212

300340_19b 0.013933608 0.000714902 0.444563305 0.040443289 89.19891795 9.086947761 373.4461012 56.0709674 0.565076497 0.761146474

300340_19Bb 0.01046384 0.000263041 0.140912172 0.007837464 67.1016122 3.355679593 133.8492168 13.90188702 0.452684938 0.498677588

300340_20b 0.000630511 0.002737471 0.07931804 0.346140342 4.063123184 35.22221587 77.49964208 564.8574196 0.998434822 0.947572362

300340_21b 0.007150143 8.38898E-05 0.051969018 0.00097696 45.92730164 1.073818913 51.44041321 1.884994274 0.624324513 0.107174714

300340_22b 0.008891806 9.52462E-05 0.060594006 0.001286577 57.06508374 1.217073286 59.73107359 2.461847592 0.5047547 0.044633215

300340_23b 0.007552492 5.87902E-05 0.058171854 0.002754515 48.50199723 0.752243757 57.40963837 5.279127986 0.165069958 0.155159332

300340_24b 0.00673525 0.000155565 0.054070764 0.002625373 43.27125269 1.992034472 53.46693735 5.051481682 0.47631495 0.190691391

300340_25b 0.00677367 0.000167416 0.072648374 0.004973402 43.51725312 2.143698629 71.20591559 9.393537228 0.361957621 0.388853401

300340_26b 0.007214676 8.27571E-05 0.05534005 0.001963469 46.34032754 1.059252952 54.68883901 3.774556138 0.323785564 0.152654758

300340_27b 0.009406284 0.000274672 0.093785638 0.011121801 60.35144761 3.507710057 91.01913013 20.54386117 0.247905614 0.336936669

300340_28b 0.007668977 0.000167637 0.087687063 0.008101288 49.24721415 2.144624688 85.3421475 15.06869487 0.237901637 0.422943814

300340_01 0.008527509 9.92988E-05 0.082019765 0.003327542 54.73702735 1.269314535 80.03802182 6.23532807 0.287586733 0.316112191

300340_02 0.011383032 0.000529731 0.161256948 0.019675188 72.96288587 6.750881268 151.7951008 34.11732803 0.383048858 0.519333065

300340_03 0.005942233 6.99253E-05 0.039008222 0.002070638 38.1914988 0.89614968 38.85331022 4.042877675 0.222435908 0.017033591

300340_04 0.007001012 0.000210114 0.046425869 0.001425151 44.97272512 2.68976248 46.07617328 2.763724478 0.977765474 0.023948346

300340_05 0.006756407 0.000331035 0.155981406 0.024207243 43.4067197 4.238502134 147.171982 42.08470396 0.317841776 0.705061255

300340_06 0.007498408 0.000298134 0.166087572 0.019024804 48.15596463 3.814495007 156.0099395 32.86305676 0.348660638 0.691327586

300340_07 0.005713503 6.54975E-05 0.038057345 0.000565652 36.72560563 0.839595874 37.92367607 1.106235505 0.771415516 0.031591622

300340_08 0.007574234 0.000265161 0.095894298 0.012680782 48.64109963 3.392420198 92.9746577 23.36224716 0.266587108 0.476834862

300340_09 0.006984829 0.000155269 0.049920065 0.001805821 44.86912792 1.987754255 49.4608926 3.489658974 0.614924787 0.092836268

300340_10 0.00840119 0.000144797 0.05892796 0.001310938 53.92958714 1.85109491 58.13487462 2.51237725 0.774946636 0.072336743

300340_11 0.027338271 0.009697919 0.993198538 0.423139766 173.8622729 121.1316038 700.3154169 390.9283028 0.836030774 0.751737191

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300340_12 0.006685766 0.000122371 0.050649936 0.001841101 42.95439454 1.567085289 50.16647346 3.555307625 0.503989456 0.143762924

300340_13 0.006804117 0.000177142 0.050448862 0.002659569 43.71219827 2.268158187 49.97213957 5.134817531 0.494509538 0.125268627

300340_14 0.007980601 0.000122856 0.064184439 0.00340098 51.24040852 1.57127953 63.16247375 6.479358142 0.291263171 0.188752348

300340_15 0.006659378 8.43154E-05 0.044975122 0.000663602 42.78541835 1.079792154 44.66755889 1.289144422 0.858209803 0.042136633

300340_16 0.006341532 0.000242961 0.070471425 0.004905849 40.74975208 3.112241564 69.14319741 9.285038936 0.551195631 0.410646982

300340_17 0.008640339 0.000188586 0.056921636 0.001292006 55.45816217 2.410277811 56.20932669 2.480814145 0.961684737 0.013363699

300340_18 0.007192485 0.000232121 0.053331456 0.001980046 46.19830094 2.970890884 52.75455082 3.813645251 0.869514828 0.124278375

300340_19 0.006559927 0.000275991 0.043783129 0.002344408 42.14854953 3.534519236 43.50871904 4.55589369 0.786203544 0.031261998

300340_20 0.007516499 0.00028714 0.05197221 0.002172818 48.27171282 3.673780279 51.44349474 4.189949133 0.913991674 0.061655646

300340_21 0.006901526 0.000122446 0.047366135 0.001740934 44.33584635 1.567710358 46.98808999 3.372570487 0.483175761 0.056445019

300340_22 0.006111854 0.000106894 0.060674425 0.002519233 39.27836126 1.369672368 59.80805753 4.817357646 0.421772984 0.343259706

300340_23 0.00661111 8.21316E-05 0.045922182 0.001151341 42.47632548 1.051876924 45.5873355 2.234104646 0.495827987 0.068242857

300340_24 0.006739035 0.00021006 0.047761859 0.001742569 43.2954915 2.68977489 47.3716382 3.374460008 0.854628106 0.086046142

300340_25 0.008035739 0.000122879 0.062452393 0.002636745 51.5930118 1.571481623 61.5085938 5.033361249 0.362757524 0.161206449

300340_26 0.007121078 0.000133437 0.050261125 0.001325205 45.7412678 1.70805206 49.79066246 2.560646554 0.710960058 0.081328395

300340_27 0.006685763 0.000133296 0.043694425 0.001004829 42.95437355 1.70698219 43.4224287 1.954104344 0.867128629 0.01077911

300340_28 0.008725558 0.000112345 0.093669443 0.004180541 56.00277182 1.435790301 90.91126409 7.747391631 0.289106727 0.383984236

300340_29 0.006330456 7.65941E-05 0.041556956 0.001091061 40.67880208 0.981234102 41.34091431 2.126065282 0.461183221 0.016015907

300340_30 0.007734886 0.000353174 0.09132122 0.008233992 49.66882818 4.517525838 88.72889682 15.26379207 0.507529484 0.440218126

300340_31 0.008203107 0.000144726 0.050895935 0.003061577 52.66321583 1.850548226 50.40417468 5.90733272 0.294129065 -0.044818533

300340_32 0.006867263 0.000210086 0.046706407 0.001530975 44.11648963 2.689765562 46.34833849 2.967998488 0.933472926 0.048153805

300340_33 0.006929257 0.000331057 0.077206589 0.010228755 44.51337486 4.238061289 75.51142098 19.19144994 0.36240929 0.410508049

300340_34 0.008910277 0.000243466 0.061171539 0.002004434 57.18310307 3.110767652 60.28380916 3.832077277 0.83414427 0.051435139

300340_35 0.005741887 6.87423E-05 0.040393463 0.001266786 36.90752888 0.881164425 40.20608339 2.471037271 0.382168788 0.08204118

300340_36 0.008408329 0.000210437 0.058301794 0.001871794 53.97522111 2.690140141 57.53431014 3.588414529 0.779828232 0.061860288

300340_37 0.006728404 0.000122386 0.044128877 0.001191662 43.22742063 1.567206463 43.84498606 2.316270681 0.673867921 0.014085201

300340_38 0.006332866 0.000133188 0.046295524 0.001793974 40.69424013 1.70619663 45.9496934 3.478784816 0.543206903 0.114374066

300340_39 0.009694756 0.000661651 0.085629959 0.008330419 62.19340647 8.445600753 83.42006901 15.52250972 0.7025411 0.254455106

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117

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300340_40 0.006134853 0.000107993 0.066786591 0.004131753 39.42571332 1.383721275 65.64214064 7.84973499 0.28540085 0.399384101

300340_41 0.009314231 0.00028747 0.104592309 0.007964765 59.76355856 3.671452089 101.0014372 14.58974692 0.406304488 0.408290018

300340_42 0.007615919 0.000243191 0.058764165 0.003303079 48.90777939 3.111239185 57.97781085 6.325297804 0.568761582 0.156439702

300340_43 0.006406577 7.55566E-05 0.044048445 0.002877169 41.16638831 0.967868976 43.76677015 5.588365629 0.181487418 0.059414525

300340_44 0.007169264 0.000133454 0.055836787 0.004269975 46.04968348 1.708177314 55.16663145 8.195769054 0.244492204 0.165262002

300340_45 0.009050892 0.000199652 0.061913527 0.001538727 58.08146687 2.550650076 60.99349708 2.940327987 0.887741539 0.04774329

300340_46 0.009096835 0.000155953 0.096603988 0.007149549 58.37496282 1.992331762 93.63196319 13.19637887 0.232687343 0.376548768

300340_47 0.007080625 0.000111617 0.067425813 0.003762364 45.48234086 1.428821736 66.25034776 7.14490989 0.28328098 0.313477704

300340_48 0.008719793 0.000144915 0.066812419 0.002096519 55.9659332 1.852018317 65.66672189 3.986779315 0.530006741 0.147727622

300340_49 0.006422724 9.39549E-05 0.048115661 0.001781955 41.26981576 1.20351845 47.71443142 3.449502929 0.395486576 0.135066383

300340_50 0.006399033 0.000144154 0.043280428 0.00288788 41.11806919 1.846544594 43.01960233 5.613265185 0.338528087 0.044201551

300340_51 0.008418251 0.000144803 0.059573673 0.002507663 54.03864791 1.851142981 58.75381487 4.800234198 0.40919717 0.08025295

300340_52 0.008057577 0.000188424 0.152884373 0.008709094 51.73266084 2.409602531 144.448119 15.28234018 0.41126218 0.64185992

300340_53 0.007962134 0.000397224 0.205463612 0.036651306 51.12230537 5.079716716 189.7291436 60.82094133 0.282154866 0.730551119

300340_54 0.007477902 0.00013356 0.062507718 0.003487063 48.02476251 1.709011767 61.56146407 6.653557079 0.320927879 0.219889208

300340_55 0.006875518 0.000166195 0.057977826 0.003134831 44.16933821 2.127848909 57.22344873 6.00804038 0.447755738 0.228125197

300340_56 0.008365927 0.000112173 0.060946775 0.001482713 53.70416143 1.434108787 60.06873117 2.835945823 0.551444479 0.105954789

300340_57 0.008340656 0.000166615 0.063780619 0.002358277 53.54260935 2.130124456 62.77711924 4.496758764 0.540717189 0.147099931

300340_58 0.008574739 0.000123107 0.094164268 0.004436064 55.03890268 1.573557465 91.37054189 8.216261592 0.305405314 0.397629679

300340_59 0.006636742 0.000106001 0.042513611 0.001615696 42.64046579 1.357528416 42.27305418 3.144702365 0.42076551 -0.00869139

300340_60 0.00690467 0.000155247 0.049175365 0.001311224 44.35597089 1.987624793 48.74046966 2.536269619 0.843445084 0.089956022

300340_61 0.008237876 0.000155654 0.057900107 0.002367727 52.88551432 1.9902 57.14886038 4.539827094 0.46257852 0.074600719

300340_62 0.007282853 0.000155355 0.052717143 0.002170532 46.77664782 1.988264135 52.16222667 4.18258769 0.518604953 0.103246721

300340_63 0.008288534 0.00015567 0.059941465 0.002149564 53.20939095 1.99031549 59.10618835 4.11401891 0.524170448 0.099766159

300340_64 0.00833239 0.000155685 0.056200332 0.001138758 53.48976671 1.990416512 55.51616997 2.188210404 0.922227923 0.036501136

300340_65 0.006903592 0.000111548 0.045753813 0.000915768 44.34906926 1.42818279 45.42387797 1.777476635 0.807458594 0.023661756

300340_66 0.007049433 0.000199145 0.060722429 0.005542922 45.28268032 2.54923664 59.85400809 10.58382357 0.310733504 0.24344782

300340_67 0.008692316 9.61653E-05 0.090797388 0.006428826 55.79034062 1.229060008 88.24142246 11.9329763 0.157265773 0.367753385

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300340_68 0.006958454 0.000166217 0.05186018 0.001796561 44.70028678 2.127950592 51.33536059 3.465382271 0.689895164 0.12924958

300340_69 0.006063869 0.000122168 0.047877578 0.002944411 38.97091026 1.565450043 47.48376872 5.697920118 0.328440146 0.179279334

300340_70 0.006872002 0.000155237 0.054709714 0.002240362 44.14682496 1.987572966 54.08221756 4.308858256 0.552140158 0.183709046

300340_71 0.008397349 0.000155707 0.057156644 0.001354035 53.90503173 1.990567913 56.43506245 2.599264804 0.782926745 0.04483083

300340_72 0.009697924 0.001322633 0.076669442 0.011129215 62.21363393 16.87710447 75.00500168 20.88262276 0.940263495 0.170540197

300340_73 0.0063167 0.000102611 0.051734775 0.002305267 40.59068879 1.314528757 51.21430308 4.446079674 0.365157321 0.207434518

300340_74 0.006787983 0.000122406 0.04609168 0.001032223 43.60889968 1.56737772 45.75186288 2.002753413 0.805408004 0.046838818

300340_75 0.00690711 0.000133367 0.049131738 0.001402743 44.37159296 1.707512301 48.69824952 2.713286397 0.676598989 0.088846244

300340_76 0.007415103 0.000188259 0.082286313 0.009554936 47.62293887 2.409022758 80.28811034 17.84898027 0.220287065 0.406849424

300340_77 0.008362612 0.000562414 0.217846204 0.034543743 53.68296666 7.188739251 200.1054848 56.79722063 0.426205954 0.73172666

300340_78 0.00675744 0.000166165 0.055669091 0.003284447 43.413337 2.127709781 55.00535661 6.308085335 0.417559132 0.210743468

300340_79 0.00700974 0.00016623 0.064472677 0.004440424 45.02859846 2.128015106 63.43744275 8.453247044 0.345255109 0.29018894

070287_01 0.034106407 0.006722796 1.99040133 0.502676923 216.1908005 83.54318426 1112.20185 315.5158204 0.782764732 0.805619097

070287_01Rim 0.005903494 4.54485E-05 0.061399246 0.005036555 37.9432528 0.582489308 60.50165561 9.613119234 0.095035689 0.372855959

070287_02 0.005970088 7.20948E-05 0.054399927 0.003610195 38.37000009 0.923927154 53.78395304 6.940979359 0.182912628 0.286590183

070287_04 0.006022428 8.94407E-05 0.036265107 0.002116123 38.70537974 1.146151982 36.16916017 4.142522761 0.255332081 -0.070121052

070287_05 0.006383749 0.00014415 0.0517332 0.003052719 41.02016955 1.846518233 51.21278295 5.885583802 0.383457278 0.199024791

070287_06 0.006132065 0.000100362 0.049624948 0.003128657 39.40785676 1.285956416 49.17545776 6.043871008 0.260482456 0.198627556

070287_07 0.006452067 8.3133E-05 0.054668777 0.002198806 41.45775713 1.064870004 54.04280838 4.229180925 0.320904235 0.232871896

070287_08 0.006066853 7.10685E-05 0.046567509 0.003038397 38.99003043 0.910687253 46.21359524 5.886884035 0.180467112 0.15630822

070287_10 0.00618282 6.04227E-05 0.03970092 0.003279112 39.73302753 0.774184703 39.52999806 6.39442846 0.119509374 -0.005136086

070287_11 0.006287978 6.58265E-05 0.046109213 0.002608881 40.40670017 0.843332008 45.76888055 5.057945176 0.185828328 0.117157779

070287_12 0.006426111 0.000155118 0.064867093 0.004639965 41.2915073 1.986919777 63.81358143 8.829023668 0.338436738 0.352935435

070287_13 0.006446091 0.000144167 0.048826329 0.003462624 41.41947989 1.846626558 48.4026365 6.693045056 0.316344513 0.144272236

070287_14 0.006799473 0.000177141 0.058526585 0.003472455 43.68246227 2.268154339 57.74995088 6.650607212 0.439870253 0.243593084

070287_15 0.00677834 0.000122403 0.052728346 0.00167863 43.54715675 1.567349848 52.17303165 3.235419463 0.567608229 0.165332062

070287_16 0.006081035 9.70759E-05 0.047087244 0.002889106 39.08089852 1.243918376 46.71769293 5.595256439 0.261039049 0.163466857

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119

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070287_17 0.006601758 0.000188069 0.048195177 0.006979393 42.41643726 2.408537724 47.79145698 13.47632577 0.19877613 0.112468212

070287_18 0.006279423 0.000122236 0.048757065 0.001860934 40.35189621 1.565988785 48.33558294 3.60005246 0.510494969 0.165172038

070287_19 0.006215189 8.95233E-05 0.04924409 0.002028919 39.94039896 1.146990827 48.80697554 3.922893136 0.350159416 0.181666175

070287_20 0.006404413 0.000144156 0.050393948 0.002358538 41.15253092 1.846553904 49.91906055 4.554506376 0.481531331 0.175614876

070287_21 0.00642004 0.000122165 0.050856117 0.001904614 41.25262379 1.564864908 50.36570345 3.677124168 0.508564847 0.180938199

070287_22 0.006541924 8.78365E-05 0.063491326 0.002912926 42.03325563 1.125014902 62.50096416 5.554427846 0.29329002 0.327478285

070287_23 0.006413539 0.000111363 0.046351539 0.003268271 41.21098557 1.426515648 46.00404966 6.332874382 0.247249396 0.104187873

070287_24 0.006622965 0.000122269 0.057990319 0.004856858 42.55224602 1.565875742 57.2354382 9.300721885 0.22161104 0.256540225

070287_25 0.006404138 0.000154689 0.046444096 0.003253777 41.1507709 1.981473747 46.09385911 6.304278037 0.345733232 0.107239626

070287_26 0.006983212 0.00010632 0.046761522 0.002369216 44.85877716 1.361147457 46.40180092 4.590962463 0.301201018 0.033253532

070287_27 0.006940103 0.00011059 0.048111854 0.000961364 44.58281047 1.415865399 47.71074298 1.861739624 0.797643426 0.06556034

070287_28 0.0065945 0.00014391 0.050892577 0.003124408 42.36995584 1.843062675 50.40093043 6.02840492 0.356296581 0.159341792

070287_29 0.006770141 0.000154838 0.06536217 0.003874769 43.49466219 1.982661186 64.28551798 7.372212762 0.386591735 0.3234143

070287_30 0.008190191 0.000428123 0.212360302 0.031339107 52.58063176 5.473538426 195.5214966 51.82497684 0.356209925 0.731074932

070242_01 0.007226093 5.81605E-05 0.049611083 0.001074159 46.41339729 0.744428625 49.16204511 2.077093403 0.372027653 0.055909957

070242_02 0.007428026 3.92128E-05 0.048993966 0.000400064 47.70562942 0.501809715 48.56490702 0.774303505 0.646588594 0.017693385

070242_03 0.007663199 9.29308E-05 0.05058753 0.000678146 49.21025079 1.188935523 50.10616306 1.310355113 0.904709437 0.017880281

070242_04 0.007491121 9.91768E-05 0.049490477 0.001181207 48.10933768 1.269058952 49.04537127 2.284236193 0.554989167 0.019085055

070242_05 0.00763577 9.60923E-05 0.053541516 0.001207359 49.03477981 1.229415309 52.95701222 2.325807805 0.558343239 0.074064458

070242_06 0.007581917 8.86326E-05 0.050392652 0.000691972 48.69025299 1.134039621 49.91780728 1.337308719 0.851425097 0.024591511

070242_07 0.00802809 6.31633E-05 0.05531323 0.001435053 51.54409865 0.80781654 54.66303548 2.759493943 0.303617404 0.057057513

070242_08 0.007476112 9.0664E-05 0.05294871 0.001392309 48.01330549 1.16015197 52.38554536 2.683361785 0.461527426 0.083462715

070242_09 0.007577384 8.02078E-05 0.051441435 0.001055199 48.6612504 1.026254165 50.93107709 2.036897813 0.516285935 0.044566634

070242_10 0.007426945 8.32277E-05 0.052718847 0.001384871 47.69870968 1.065051974 52.16387034 2.669619473 0.42693821 0.085598723

070242_11 0.010408247 0.000428584 0.348622525 0.034998625 66.74694699 5.467399471 303.6691233 52.02632624 0.411495495 0.78019844

070242_12 0.007849508 0.000155325 0.123753513 0.029511898 50.40198973 1.986761796 118.4632281 52.64082294 0.086422916 0.574534727

070242_13 0.007638918 7.92169E-05 0.055022839 0.001279531 49.05491789 1.01351528 54.38360767 2.461295462 0.446243727 0.097983382

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070242_14 0.007695606 6.99247E-05 0.056522061 0.001227106 49.41756169 0.894582478 55.82540272 2.3571608 0.418813206 0.114783606

070242_15 0.007551958 7.08083E-05 0.052878611 0.00149932 48.49857941 0.906015637 52.31794849 2.889647758 0.331069865 0.073003036

070242_16 0.008100909 0.000155448 0.068236913 0.003560935 52.00975402 1.987844449 67.02157074 6.757895765 0.368415134 0.223984854

070242_17 0.008100909 0.000155448 0.068236913 0.003560935 52.00975402 1.987844449 67.02157074 6.757895765 0.368415134 0.223984854

070242_18 0.00766961 6.98974E-05 0.052209874 0.000808686 49.25126119 0.89425599 51.67285405 1.560085789 0.588565015 0.046863927

070242_19 0.008131502 8.80466E-05 0.054654166 0.00085012 52.20537154 1.125928245 54.02874226 1.636188128 0.696282944 0.033748162

070242_20 0.007708224 6.89088E-05 0.05159186 0.000680172 49.49827207 0.881574945 51.07632619 1.313012299 0.678223765 0.030895999

070242_21 0.008857524 9.14985E-05 0.064552357 0.002625389 56.84604232 1.169226889 63.51344198 5.001837735 0.254562522 0.104976198

070242_22 0.009908994 0.000168002 0.080060657 0.001650499 63.56102783 2.144516067 78.19799306 3.100797155 0.822578856 0.187178272

070242_23 0.009044882 0.000142308 0.06382361 0.001209365 58.04307676 1.818117108 62.81815072 2.307166289 0.830481302 0.076014239

070242_24 0.009258584 0.00014236 0.062695206 0.00164123 59.40815049 1.818394086 61.74061123 3.133742685 0.587671154 0.037778388

070242_25 0.00880962 8.89601E-05 0.085609859 0.006150783 56.53994398 1.136844063 83.40127005 11.47273856 0.141581719 0.322073346

070242_26 0.008901044 0.00011556 0.059473959 0.000970627 57.12411282 1.476614526 58.65825968 1.859521606 0.795642581 0.026153978

070242_27 0.00904908 0.000104198 0.072850545 0.00331245 58.0698925 1.331245407 71.39726547 6.26005762 0.253881045 0.186665034

070242_28 0.009171968 0.000129611 0.080314591 0.002046388 58.85489963 1.655708156 78.43668021 3.842949039 0.554916003 0.249650808

070242_29 0.009142871 9.53856E-05 0.061589552 0.000993435 58.66903997 1.218551996 60.68368635 1.899404516 0.646975577 0.033199143

070242_30 0.009310686 0.000111879 0.059981095 0.002463061 59.74092145 1.429003921 59.14414998 4.713145846 0.293190509 -0.010090118

070242_31 0.009197899 8.03241E-05 0.065075281 0.001594616 59.02053608 1.02609213 64.01206486 3.038007236 0.356715086 0.077977937

070242_32 0.009338802 0.000155122 0.059011053 0.002270239 59.92048694 1.981235401 58.21454353 4.348544189 0.432263544 -0.02930442

070242_33 0.009326322 0.000103026 0.062197472 0.001010876 59.84078323 1.315912261 61.2649493 1.931630526 0.679862693 0.023246017

070242_34 0.00909278 0.000124505 0.058325334 0.002006279 58.34906104 1.590605258 57.55689446 3.845905655 0.398523828 -0.013763192

070242_35 0.00951981 0.000155163 0.076645662 0.00285681 61.07640264 1.981410015 74.9825764 5.381097353 0.437772802 0.185458735

070242_36 0.008860703 8.39468E-05 0.058662702 0.001081609 56.86635588 1.072726142 57.88050565 2.073617469 0.514069071 0.017521439

070242_37 0.008829706 0.000128249 0.058403753 0.003817499 56.66829172 1.638865308 57.63212527 7.311110244 0.223137481 0.016723894

070242_38 0.009155318 9.28688E-05 0.06090411 0.002997495 58.74854951 1.186385521 60.02789939 5.729376093 0.206801446 0.021312588

070242_39 0.008952509 0.000107966 0.058541642 0.001805014 57.45292586 1.379513538 57.7643937 3.459717071 0.391545162 0.005392039

070242_40 0.008838017 9.52772E-05 0.057265904 0.001200498 56.72139998 1.217534596 56.5399938 2.3044562 0.514504507 -0.003208458

070242_41 0.009350684 0.000128388 0.062854537 0.001009582 59.9963734 1.639797213 61.89282945 1.927966124 0.854946052 0.030640965

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070242_42 0.009224268 0.000101727 0.062165859 0.000877469 59.18896845 1.299457199 61.23473155 1.676864659 0.78144163 0.033408542

070242_43 0.010129321 0.000142583 0.078944395 0.003430607 64.96721255 1.81967833 77.14808679 6.446444032 0.324516382 0.157889518

070242_44 0.010611157 6.61963E-05 0.070651235 0.000670691 68.04134308 0.844441728 69.31373169 1.27167539 0.657259657 0.018356949

070242_45 0.009737953 0.000155214 0.067423488 0.002245211 62.46918358 1.981633686 66.24813638 4.266796432 0.479073458 0.057042402

070242_46 0.009250276 0.0001182 0.064099779 0.001902013 59.35508604 1.509830624 63.08169713 3.62644543 0.431020716 0.059075949

070242_47 0.010695537 0.000168183 0.082359236 0.002679418 68.57954353 2.145166194 80.35651993 5.020765787 0.483752589 0.146559065

070242_48 0.009582125 0.000155178 0.065531661 0.001345119 61.47429494 1.981472433 64.44703742 2.561876381 0.789147546 0.046126907

070242_49 0.009391779 0.000116974 0.065053407 0.001439016 60.25881588 1.493959199 63.99121271 2.741820481 0.563313699 0.058326709

070242_50 0.009410875 0.000167894 0.063889842 0.002085581 60.38076935 2.144194305 62.88136242 3.976884171 0.546919757 0.03976684

070242_51 0.00971885 0.00016796 0.062784044 0.001295246 62.34723055 2.144384991 61.82548628 2.473320939 0.837861168 -0.008438984

070242_52 0.009509052 0.000193456 0.068342421 0.003060579 61.0077068 2.470378912 67.12184789 5.809110308 0.45486589 0.091090178

070242_53 0.009386431 0.000167888 0.068836193 0.001981437 60.22466256 2.144180317 67.59101073 3.761012189 0.62170628 0.10898414

070242_54 0.009358837 0.000129662 0.062520793 0.001121704 60.04843743 1.656044983 61.5739582 2.142641278 0.772376014 0.024775422

070242_55 0.01107753 0.000206534 0.113538098 0.011405107 71.01543032 2.633276181 109.1912086 20.69271711 0.187036461 0.349623187

070242_56 0.009789896 0.000180737 0.065062649 0.001313766 62.80078044 2.307335814 64.00002309 2.503299893 0.91440499 0.01873816

070242_57 0.009318332 0.000155117 0.061904656 0.001675514 59.78975419 1.981216281 60.98501498 3.201533361 0.615339357 0.019599254

070242_58 0.009515403 0.000142423 0.072608267 0.00191259 61.04825962 1.818746904 71.16795108 3.617691945 0.568537242 0.142194503

070242_59 0.009333538 0.000167877 0.064883307 0.00183633 59.88686573 2.144150626 63.82904117 3.498744796 0.635835008 0.061761471

070242_60 0.009709891 0.000193493 0.06426073 0.001397788 62.29003505 2.47036788 63.23526033 2.665300489 0.916253087 0.014947757

070242_61 0.010653339 0.00019368 0.110842626 0.005419189 68.31039542 2.470448936 106.7304801 9.882400415 0.372511887 0.35997294

070242_62 0.009742223 5.35243E-05 0.077034777 0.003149776 62.49644257 0.683381389 75.34946489 5.929984895 0.134956932 0.170578814

070242_63 0.009649312 0.000155193 0.065301361 0.001272654 61.90327242 1.981541055 64.22756352 2.424468771 0.825414619 0.036188374

070242_64 0.009691849 0.000206271 0.060344722 0.004439108 62.17484604 2.633532824 59.49239947 8.483576844 0.290338426 -0.045088895

070242_65 0.010080723 0.000219125 0.066879404 0.001711616 64.65707167 2.796548321 65.73047229 3.255222061 0.849544037 0.016330335

070242_66 0.009792898 0.000155227 0.071885226 0.001544476 62.81994413 1.981692301 70.48328918 2.923869807 0.737970087 0.108725701

070242_67 0.009854799 0.000155242 0.069252929 0.001383071 63.21509017 1.981759434 67.98680778 2.624951205 0.788956142 0.070185934

070242_68 0.009584611 0.000142441 0.066229789 0.001215976 61.49016789 1.818845703 65.11205607 2.314538529 0.809604411 0.055625462

070242_69 0.010793287 0.000308828 0.081432721 0.00259037 69.20295953 3.938415427 79.48700917 4.858258074 0.899697704 0.129380257

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122

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

070242_70 0.009739933 0.000180727 0.066821704 0.001669991 62.48182489 2.307319998 65.67555933 3.17629157 0.742696745 0.048628964

300349_01 0.006781159 0.00011352 0.049098681 0.001348722 43.56520865 1.453600864 48.66625695 2.608944779 0.609732018 0.104816943

300349_02 0.006576948 0.000114619 0.049104836 0.001151069 42.25755024 1.467975676 48.67221427 2.226805877 0.743682355 0.131793142

300349_03 0.007622894 9.21847E-05 0.052075824 0.001123762 48.95240299 1.179437486 51.54349436 2.167870368 0.560662323 0.050269998

300349_04 0.007043254 0.000251223 0.04729147 0.001847409 45.24312573 3.215813823 46.91570588 3.578907618 0.91330373 0.035650751

300349_04Rim 0.005398917 6.34162E-05 0.041809067 0.002072133 34.70892009 0.813172003 41.58664791 4.034928165 0.23769727 0.165383078

300349_06 0.007260762 0.000106808 0.052003816 0.001366743 46.63527396 1.367011749 51.47399901 2.636486598 0.560033428 0.094003286

300349_07 0.005678647 5.786E-05 0.060854758 0.004565512 36.50218694 0.741722031 59.98066674 8.720444131 0.136890133 0.391434125

300349_08 0.006501563 7.72336E-05 0.04892317 0.00124609 41.77476316 0.989257814 48.49638113 2.410937072 0.466721509 0.138600403

300349_09 0.006361826 0.000160058 0.04624437 0.001822118 40.87974688 2.050319844 45.90005278 3.533485724 0.638962746 0.10937473

300349_10 0.005917406 9.2947E-05 0.039492497 0.000785608 38.03240149 1.191206817 39.32643959 1.534115767 0.789787487 0.032905041

300349_11 0.006044718 5.68479E-05 0.043300279 0.001491063 38.84820726 0.728482666 43.03892203 2.900108431 0.273587729 0.097370347

300349_12 0.005730232 0.000125852 0.055009585 0.007288267 36.83282901 1.613187695 54.37085188 13.98008845 0.167662542 0.322562959

300349_13 0.006579846 0.000125975 0.049249673 0.001238917 42.27611083 1.6133997 48.81237861 2.396320095 0.761313793 0.133905947

300349_14 0.00633594 8.84992E-05 0.045966024 0.001344719 40.71393409 1.13373519 45.62989469 2.60899169 0.477829371 0.107735524

300349_15 0.007805054 0.000182988 0.061222285 0.002668412 50.11765906 2.340673918 60.33236128 5.099633633 0.53843492 0.169307184

300349_16 0.008172358 0.000148942 0.058464261 0.001228095 52.46661025 1.904514286 57.69016864 2.354732919 0.867768604 0.090545036

300349_17 0.006892453 0.000114674 0.061778582 0.004102799 44.27776064 1.468217713 60.86446268 7.831526444 0.251455442 0.272518664

300349_18 0.00793896 0.000160266 0.057415095 0.0017764 50.97410019 2.049775961 56.68325796 3.408540898 0.652813215 0.100720353

300349_19 0.005757265 8.83822E-05 0.057155484 0.006209628 37.00609483 1.132887219 56.43394798 11.89302036 0.142859164 0.344258267

300349_20 0.007858007 0.000126191 0.0538981 0.001068727 50.45634933 1.614122891 53.30060549 2.058191719 0.810053511 0.053362549

300349_21 0.007330043 0.000137451 0.049228148 0.001218777 47.07863398 1.759055478 48.79154913 2.357436091 0.757641906 0.0351068

300349_22 0.008048833 0.000171648 0.063318037 0.001662361 51.67674755 2.195102792 62.33550909 3.17220207 0.812506743 0.170990206

300349_23 0.008142484 0.000171661 0.054887273 0.001909229 52.27559462 2.195065972 54.25313338 3.671952338 0.606479867 0.036450222

300349_24 0.008090406 0.000376653 0.065834495 0.005354536 51.94259298 4.816093479 64.73556273 10.17609877 0.57337027 0.197618885

300349_25 0.005906305 9.06777E-05 0.046466138 0.001662634 37.96126451 1.162138095 46.11524516 3.223774268 0.429535188 0.176817463

300349_26 0.005626889 9.40281E-05 0.043529955 0.003696343 36.17042088 1.205409258 43.26241539 7.180210399 0.197998126 0.163929694

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123

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300349_27 0.008014642 0.000160277 0.056378974 0.001765783 51.45810351 2.049764581 55.6878847 3.391506849 0.638858236 0.075955142

300349_28 0.008477669 0.000912591 0.091004384 0.018616418 54.41845769 11.66131932 88.43407967 34.35802936 0.52873525 0.384643817

300349_29 0.006388028 0.000125945 0.043802734 0.000976449 41.04757686 1.613333019 43.52778937 1.898742532 0.884588371 0.056979979

300349_30 0.007675709 9.21976E-05 0.056281983 0.001374955 49.29027757 1.179541528 55.59465831 2.641581364 0.491987937 0.113399038

300349_31 0.005942777 0.000106567 0.047184959 0.002278354 38.19498641 1.365710703 46.81243999 4.413302863 0.372025895 0.184084692

300349_32 0.009176086 0.000217287 0.063737213 0.002167768 58.88120436 2.775579031 62.7356889 4.134034801 0.696589047 0.061440061

300349_33 0.007859499 0.000228519 0.092732439 0.018846267 50.46589192 2.922853106 90.04100351 34.72409041 0.145980822 0.439523218

300349_34 0.00750133 0.00018295 0.068803668 0.004401561 48.17466176 2.340898618 67.56011356 8.345530561 0.382098751 0.286936341

300349_35 0.007685909 8.88151E-05 0.050986109 0.000650338 49.35552914 1.136256812 50.49129329 1.25616251 0.906027722 0.022494257

300349_36 0.007148973 0.000126066 0.051999243 0.001618157 45.91981162 1.613661927 51.46958588 3.121111019 0.567044112 0.107826286

300349_37 0.006421957 9.64445E-05 0.043241688 0.000869045 41.26490336 1.235408518 42.98189977 1.690886351 0.747451008 0.039946964

300349_38 0.008163203 0.000126248 0.080110322 0.004464555 52.40807002 1.614366997 78.24468089 8.376293122 0.278284593 0.330202776

300349_39 0.009588466 0.000399548 0.087650773 0.011797318 61.51478142 5.101207697 85.30827078 21.90720407 0.311448639 0.27891187

300349_40 0.009799707 0.000707369 0.166974541 0.038506225 62.8634153 9.028023492 156.7819446 65.92329383 0.316177457 0.599039191

300349_41 0.005895739 9.29429E-05 0.038466381 0.000749419 37.89355342 1.191180269 38.32367918 1.464918023 0.809326812 0.011223499

300349_42 0.006212371 0.000137288 0.058309938 0.004103822 39.9223451 1.758921191 57.54212322 7.859101054 0.314967659 0.306206604

300349_43 0.005638136 5.3356E-05 0.056033014 0.00395333 36.24251613 0.684012632 55.35531322 7.58772903 0.135144742 0.345274843

300349_44 0.007119848 0.000148782 0.04797248 0.001058357 45.73339314 1.904457391 47.57571908 2.049750103 0.947297974 0.03872408

300349_45 0.010971815 0.00094688 0.407792244 0.069196226 70.34139671 12.06943617 347.2664158 97.43629676 0.510711343 0.797442559

300349_46 0.007964973 7.65156E-05 0.072170946 0.002268676 51.14046489 0.9786385 70.75389824 4.292271307 0.306035705 0.277206399

300349_47 0.005782014 9.51902E-05 0.046590701 0.002104886 37.16471484 1.220118271 46.23609535 4.079934767 0.365014491 0.196196942

300349_48 0.005851401 8.61345E-05 0.061976626 0.005823862 37.60940974 1.103974331 61.0538258 11.10569715 0.157997172 0.383995855

300349_49 0.006929069 0.00011468 0.051127312 0.001256131 44.5121696 1.468247899 50.62769651 2.425258617 0.673909692 0.120794097

300349_50 0.00839164 0.000433666 0.143826057 0.02667108 53.86853535 5.543277764 136.4390628 46.80623146 0.281259963 0.605182459

300349_51 0.006920856 0.000148754 0.046375355 0.001513063 44.45959631 1.904478077 46.02715891 2.934226366 0.65913453 0.03405734

300349_52 0.005980463 7.71089E-05 0.046333626 0.001919916 38.43648046 0.98817252 45.98666711 3.722646576 0.31173119 0.16418208

300349_53 0.005824998 8.95287E-05 0.050472624 0.002213804 37.44020184 1.147504739 49.99510751 4.274989722 0.351010893 0.251122686

300349_54 0.008001841 0.000114887 0.055789832 0.001295137 51.37623995 1.469325219 55.12147696 2.489486599 0.618735441 0.06794515

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300349_55 0.005994831 0.000112253 0.05683815 0.00294283 38.52854896 1.438504001 56.12912302 5.646646795 0.362355011 0.313572939

300349_56 0.007887333 0.000114863 0.05347178 0.000876552 50.64391311 1.469192487 52.88980273 1.68893061 0.888488019 0.042463566

300349_57 0.007928909 9.56465E-05 0.055455193 0.000987535 50.90982274 1.223355945 54.79961017 1.899097725 0.677590517 0.070982027

300349_58 0.005644863 6.01003E-05 0.053351881 0.004342289 36.28563322 0.770465581 52.77423868 8.353904487 0.131984178 0.312436633

300349_59 0.010657851 0.000718807 0.152417869 0.019094679 68.33917341 9.166177133 144.0371919 33.37081901 0.539881196 0.525544948

300349_60 0.006430113 0.000107785 0.052145631 0.001758708 41.31713796 1.380652625 51.61086167 3.391509995 0.4974315 0.199448786

300349_61 0.005922491 0.000102023 0.039780834 0.002312346 38.06499338 1.307507511 39.60803606 4.510933825 0.297160551 0.038957818

300349_62 0.008699074 0.000217229 0.065844376 0.002639601 55.83352749 2.776149598 64.7449754 5.022790326 0.623363467 0.13763922

300349_63 0.005971528 9.86273E-05 0.039658319 0.003304328 38.37922128 1.263933842 39.48839449 6.443786259 0.199411187 0.028088587

300349_64 0.006479179 8.40058E-05 0.042712251 0.00061387 41.6314005 1.076020423 42.46649635 1.195149175 0.902211722 0.019664816

300349_65 0.007658639 0.000160225 0.052365439 0.001267291 49.18107825 2.049829827 51.82295579 2.443916581 0.86464299 0.050978905

300349_66 0.006117258 0.000111137 0.08092092 0.00558849 39.31298587 1.424030321 79.00637785 10.47172352 0.264033549 0.502407439

300349_67 0.005976315 8.27635E-05 0.051986593 0.002632695 38.40990016 1.060639215 51.45737666 5.07557631 0.274167988 0.253558913

300349_68 0.005813271 6.23984E-05 0.038683345 0.000822269 37.3650437 0.799791243 38.53578657 1.606928469 0.505233084 0.030380666

300349_69 0.006692028 6.37799E-05 0.051506751 0.002431837 42.99449466 0.816784432 50.99414815 4.690924795 0.202533111 0.156873951

300349_70 0.006535689 0.000104401 0.04637872 0.001426326 41.99332242 1.337171203 46.0304242 2.766125977 0.519794351 0.087705075

300349_71 0.006041009 8.9571E-05 0.071445791 0.004627958 38.82443623 1.147800905 70.06695406 8.75227185 0.229814029 0.44589519

300349_72 0.006537179 6.48554E-05 0.045731107 0.000898902 42.00286423 0.830684746 45.40183284 1.744791125 0.504971276 0.074864128

300349_73 0.008160498 0.000194408 0.058643658 0.001947092 52.39077811 2.485863324 57.86224114 3.731431567 0.717852707 0.094560164

300349_74 0.007735784 0.000112567 0.05219702 0.000901838 49.67457154 1.440042905 51.66045055 1.739735158 0.842354247 0.038440993

300349_75 0.007173876 5.61218E-05 0.053172642 0.001870683 46.07919661 0.718371154 52.60145464 3.60373643 0.222861971 0.123993872

300349_76 0.008056657 0.00011037 0.055855166 0.000990573 51.72678129 1.411490321 55.18430526 1.90421633 0.772620571 0.062654118

300349_77 0.007025787 0.000171515 0.058583447 0.002881263 45.13131362 2.195630753 57.80449176 5.519571418 0.496982298 0.2192421

300349_78 0.005997487 7.14652E-05 0.051036033 0.00340899 38.54556494 0.91583373 50.53952249 6.575709534 0.179345623 0.237318379

300349_79 0.008032135 0.000878365 0.100413102 0.06231847 51.56996869 11.22912444 97.15266132 111.8618829 0.185045149 0.469186248

300349_80 0.008236439 0.000171675 0.06271024 0.002709752 52.87632902 2.195030969 61.75497488 5.171295957 0.4829132 0.143772156

300349_81 0.008429432 9.23922E-05 0.057805654 0.001208568 54.11012007 1.181147003 57.05820374 2.318756244 0.524505311 0.051668007

300349_82 0.008055589 0.000105845 0.056763109 0.001191381 51.71995259 1.35362657 56.05702682 2.288053002 0.626260275 0.077368966

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125

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300349_83 0.012217227 0.001140787 0.598248775 0.082085615 78.27756962 14.52179568 476.0975879 101.7043376 0.68198379 0.835585032

300349_83Rim 0.006342176 6.3674E-05 0.060367272 0.005835581 40.753875 0.815712424 59.51399216 11.14482736 0.105252676 0.315221958

300349_84 0.00702298 9.65683E-05 0.047763432 0.001166931 45.11335006 1.236256788 47.37316272 2.260362379 0.563105147 0.047702381

300349_85 0.006030133 7.26021E-05 0.052238438 0.004945602 38.75475318 0.930371667 51.70041656 9.521913119 0.128534223 0.250397661

300349_86 0.006036293 9.18362E-05 0.075173698 0.005741963 38.79421846 1.176832965 73.59349017 10.8158966 0.200267046 0.472858015

300349_87 0.006343823 0.000160055 0.052273543 0.001922264 40.76442556 2.050329442 51.73428999 3.706174608 0.686489073 0.212042427

300349_88 0.008636455 0.000946809 0.166994858 0.040968101 55.4333414 12.09645462 156.799621 70.06495842 0.450048494 0.646470182

300349_89 0.005990708 3.35577E-05 0.075087862 0.00610569 38.50212504 0.430056732 73.51242835 11.50001206 0.070065507 0.476250127

300351_01 0.007356941 3.4185E-05 0.053382261 0.000992622 47.25076134 0.437500601 52.80352168 1.912630563 0.250152432 0.105158902

300351_02 0.007417634 3.42376E-05 0.054974501 0.001086481 47.63912979 0.438147413 54.33708721 2.090231723 0.23382708 0.123266773

300351_03 0.007375403 4.59054E-05 0.059626821 0.002028561 47.36890203 0.587485255 58.80474185 3.883806287 0.183434865 0.194471389

300351_04 0.007773858 9.66004E-05 0.079665476 0.007674093 49.91811321 1.23574545 77.82642744 14.38257941 0.130383913 0.358596882

300351_05 0.008577153 0.000211002 0.165215074 0.023517915 55.05433222 2.696910184 155.2499569 40.57740317 0.174852836 0.645382625

300351_06 0.007435344 7.57849E-05 0.075175175 0.006944402 47.75245055 0.969802561 73.59488435 13.07358493 0.111668486 0.351144431

300351_07 0.007316981 3.67028E-05 0.056667381 0.000777833 46.99504496 0.469742058 55.96504732 1.494259018 0.365623917 0.160278652

300351_08 0.007252226 4.31764E-05 0.05051107 0.000465788 46.58064387 0.552628124 50.03226588 0.900179234 0.645716993 0.068987921

300351_09 0.007722793 0.000897419 0.064258402 0.008153043 49.59146873 11.47611515 63.23303928 15.49716603 0.916599345 0.215734855

300351_10 0.00715264 3.65726E-05 0.051776635 0.000971202 45.94328063 0.468151343 51.25471387 1.874231672 0.2728539 0.10362819

300351_11 0.00728343 2.4458E-05 0.050627763 0.00081033 46.78034124 0.313038294 50.14504523 1.565608925 0.210029774 0.067099431

300351_12 0.007465154 3.55458E-05 0.064969189 0.002042622 47.94319442 0.4548673 63.91092295 3.891102608 0.15190059 0.249843498

300351_13 0.007288487 4.58497E-05 0.070674099 0.00616646 46.81270173 0.586822367 69.33541414 11.66188658 0.073360153 0.324837065

300351_14 0.007318181 3.1642E-05 0.063982089 0.00112777 47.0027284 0.404971712 62.9693946 2.151266286 0.245548401 0.253562327

300351_15 0.007238264 4.71497E-05 0.050207074 0.000808066 46.49128801 0.603491494 49.73840796 1.561862925 0.40494103 0.065283954

300351_16 0.007199116 1.94431E-05 0.050489875 0.000759407 46.24074128 0.248874567 50.01178066 1.467450387 0.179777503 0.075403022

300351_17 0.045086987 0.000334875 0.341208206 0.00332546 284.2784934 4.13042542 298.0717375 5.028698451 0.762168882 0.046274914

300351_17B 0.045429273 0.000255128 0.353413811 0.004367525 286.389406 3.145903456 307.2699252 6.542487256 0.454593985 0.067954972

300351_18 0.007160532 5.24715E-05 0.058119702 0.003172018 45.99379064 0.671656947 57.3595971 6.078390781 0.135050269 0.19815004

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126

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300351_19 0.00697507 3.9039E-05 0.050192452 0.001443073 44.80665975 0.499811138 49.72427186 2.788425379 0.195079632 0.098897619

300351_20 0.007860718 3.21601E-05 0.05304536 0.000581909 50.47369196 0.411380725 52.47873821 1.121826244 0.373095017 0.03820683

300351_21 0.007226656 2.90944E-05 0.049216144 0.000468822 46.41699748 0.372400677 48.77993331 0.907159086 0.422766949 0.048440735

300351_22 0.007761763 4.61604E-05 0.062704139 0.002777948 49.8407482 0.590521826 61.74914648 5.301302161 0.134876535 0.192851221

300351_23 0.007179608 4.84507E-05 0.061732099 0.00474434 46.11588335 0.620178652 60.82001216 9.053785419 0.088918406 0.241764648

300351_24 0.007205929 4.57973E-05 0.054313657 0.001859017 46.28434551 0.586199655 53.70087607 3.577410273 0.186172098 0.138108185

300351_25 0.007480403 0.000168907 0.157906238 0.014340861 48.04076331 2.161271181 148.8612111 24.99562876 0.249901694 0.677278164

300351_26 0.007132476 3.9153E-05 0.048760423 0.000786808 45.81422202 0.501192184 48.33883395 1.522886988 0.340411455 0.052227407

300351_27 0.007080208 2.89495E-05 0.051078388 0.001204843 45.47966797 0.370600054 50.58043789 2.326400338 0.173678327 0.100844716

300351_28 0.007615898 3.82273E-05 0.060241093 0.001827807 48.90764662 0.489108148 59.39316546 3.497756268 0.165864388 0.176544199

300351_29 0.007226948 2.78874E-05 0.050126994 0.000856694 46.4188633 0.356950841 49.6609841 1.65594008 0.22602833 0.06528507

300351_30 0.008722511 8.18028E-05 0.092963927 0.004937782 55.98330278 1.045474144 90.25607187 9.153448643 0.177325154 0.379728127

300351_31 0.007371679 2.92401E-05 0.052639623 0.001179625 47.34507473 0.374211344 52.08745705 2.274357972 0.177323134 0.091046532

300351_32 0.007113478 3.02109E-05 0.049993077 0.001104926 45.69262149 0.386734669 49.5314964 2.135779453 0.192472522 0.077503714

300351_33 0.007679933 6.63024E-05 0.085220176 0.003200031 49.31730009 0.848255409 83.03674821 5.979084443 0.230441169 0.40607862

300351_34 0.007386139 2.92547E-05 0.056325944 0.001039277 47.43760103 0.374393363 55.63691448 1.996906527 0.214923709 0.147371822

300351_35 0.007283993 3.92648E-05 0.051364603 0.000979062 46.78394229 0.502547776 50.85688117 1.890134292 0.283070549 0.080086289

300351_36 0.007510854 3.30647E-05 0.050270175 0.000368438 48.2355965 0.423099117 49.79941181 0.71223714 0.600735557 0.031402285

300351_37 0.007334158 4.58789E-05 0.054147213 0.0021333 47.10496864 0.587169756 53.54057395 4.105343761 0.159340856 0.120200529

300351_38 0.00737955 3.93364E-05 0.059696203 0.002266543 47.39543731 0.503415816 58.87122145 4.338667275 0.140938785 0.194930288

300351_39 0.007132119 2.77892E-05 0.049407161 0.000845806 45.81193597 0.355727866 48.96476378 1.636024691 0.227843986 0.064389728

300351_40 0.006701351 0.000104614 0.073835623 0.010356281 43.05419066 1.339675429 72.32910224 19.49027882 0.113319465 0.404745955

300351_41 0.007380049 3.67535E-05 0.049229221 0.000397608 47.39863324 0.470360839 48.79258702 0.769378156 0.61669755 0.028568966

300351_42 0.00704724 3.52017E-05 0.048499689 0.001135767 45.26863939 0.45065105 48.08637947 2.198485127 0.21363359 0.058597468

300351_43 0.007327661 3.41597E-05 0.050263788 0.000925408 47.06339561 0.437190147 49.79323744 1.788468692 0.253462567 0.054823546

300351_44 0.00702487 3.39034E-05 0.047010489 0.000491385 45.12544695 0.43404063 46.64326343 0.952810772 0.461854214 0.032540958

300351_45 0.007127358 3.78473E-05 0.048499247 0.000726827 45.78146504 0.484480776 48.08595074 1.407182016 0.354535176 0.047924303

300351_46 0.007089748 3.14326E-05 0.048487455 0.000428264 45.54073221 0.402382414 48.07453205 0.829273238 0.502067927 0.052705658

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127

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

300351_47 0.00738882 8.67942E-05 0.078071887 0.005441212 47.45475891 1.110731489 76.32668874 10.22332386 0.169540745 0.378267816

300351_48 0.007196194 3.15295E-05 0.048454687 0.000649641 46.22203674 0.403580762 48.04279998 1.257844694 0.326979785 0.037898774

300351_49 0.007288367 4.32008E-05 0.053022163 0.001392389 46.8119335 0.552920836 52.45637121 2.683328727 0.226085083 0.107602519

300351B_01 0.058587695 0.0026664 0.42464023 0.019352966 367.0189962 32.43294179 359.3454275 27.39977055 0.998636774 -0.021354296

300351B_01B 0.051526718 0.000666981 0.389845285 0.005309999 323.8775565 8.175037144 334.2394512 7.743504592 0.950401165 0.031001411

300351B_02 0.007606945 8.54899E-05 0.053366292 0.00109569 48.85037338 1.093803736 52.78812912 2.111155969 0.547622784 0.074595478

300351B_03 0.007702142 7.7265E-05 0.052118071 0.000819923 49.45936683 0.988480874 51.58426565 1.581893197 0.637832233 0.041192771

300351B_04 0.007497095 7.03212E-05 0.051081205 0.001011483 48.14756187 0.899832555 50.58315876 1.953221218 0.473944693 0.048150352

300351B_05 0.007460684 8.54381E-05 0.050349515 0.000896516 47.91459159 1.093300319 49.87610947 1.732514508 0.643344811 0.039327804

300351B_06 0.007822365 0.000100769 0.062051608 0.003014311 50.22838355 1.289003717 61.12551171 5.755257253 0.2658664 0.178274633

300351B_07 0.007616771 0.000100705 0.051123261 0.000903255 48.91323293 1.288457667 50.62378432 1.744246395 0.748495433 0.033789481

300351B_08 0.00760797 5.81148E-05 0.053465 0.001473448 48.85692877 0.743561448 52.88326842 2.838239461 0.277558182 0.076136362

300351B_09 0.007732629 8.41567E-05 0.05277655 0.001094617 49.65439061 1.076612613 52.21952235 2.110270601 0.52499143 0.049122083

300352_01 0.007158588 0.000126993 0.05157041 0.002032346 45.98135095 1.625509079 51.05561515 3.920828808 0.450658875 0.099386996

300352_02 0.007165364 0.000106126 0.048089459 0.00091577 46.02471967 1.358414916 47.68904806 1.773520996 0.77793612 0.034899593

300352_03 0.007160837 0.000124208 0.050009382 0.001302373 45.99574648 1.589857847 49.54726346 2.51716026 0.666324248 0.071679377

300352_04 0.007218219 9.92003E-05 0.047698274 0.001031881 46.36300387 1.26970362 47.31001925 1.999021302 0.635509012 0.020017227

300352_05 0.009188846 0.000141404 0.061414321 0.001819716 58.9627123 1.80631711 60.51607623 3.478439969 0.519726218 0.025668616

300352_06 0.007514384 0.000168913 0.050270978 0.001538761 48.25817855 2.16127575 49.80018763 2.972963995 0.734673845 0.030963921

300352_07 0.007123712 9.91729E-05 0.04865147 0.000967882 45.758125 1.269471717 48.23334801 1.873393182 0.699983724 0.05131767

300352_08 0.006739004 0.000100454 0.044980593 0.001274389 43.29529302 1.286361407 44.67287442 2.474953586 0.526481331 0.030837089

300352_09 0.006896005 8.94005E-05 0.052625927 0.003672718 44.30049729 1.144643728 52.0742464 7.072856397 0.186755456 0.149282028

300352_10 0.006935294 0.000100508 0.047758288 0.001464449 44.55202447 1.286797002 47.36817773 2.83626981 0.47300829 0.05945243

300351B_10 0.007503846 6.62214E-05 0.053909772 0.002083497 48.19075432 0.847367475 53.31184971 4.010499126 0.228889499 0.096059233

060065_01 0.005842208 3.96502E-05 0.043049601 0.001482271 37.55049402 0.508208075 42.79493459 2.883713708 0.197600303 0.122548162

060065_02 0.006134216 5.90937E-05 0.040262552 0.000405776 39.42163304 0.757193274 40.07831813 0.791947664 0.955909344 0.016385046

060065_03 0.006050781 8.97213E-05 0.078103562 0.005390812 38.88705198 1.149715931 76.35651983 10.12856712 0.215810417 0.490717334

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128

Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

060065_04 0.005769953 7.85449E-05 0.058989391 0.007483112 37.08741322 1.006784032 58.19377433 14.2987662 0.109138157 0.36269105

060065_05 0.005746444 5.62683E-05 0.040424027 0.000633215 36.93674073 0.721269615 40.23591036 1.235511723 0.625282263 0.08199565

060065_06 0.005797806 6.1836E-05 0.043432435 0.002741926 37.26592762 0.79259486 43.16752619 5.329166549 0.169843657 0.136713847

060065_07 0.005808737 2.86527E-05 0.045733732 0.001551628 37.33598409 0.36726375 45.40438149 3.010803269 0.145876253 0.177700855

060065_08 0.005908374 6.88059E-05 0.056132944 0.004001074 37.97452696 0.881833205 55.45138688 7.678466869 0.164399711 0.315174442

060065_09 0.005678977 3.96228E-05 0.038065711 0.000723084 36.50430265 0.507939205 37.93185882 1.414003334 0.367556005 0.037634754

060065_10 0.008557367 0.00036365 0.377424352 0.038121299 54.92787042 4.647712138 325.1247273 55.43655607 0.422060249 0.831056005

060065_11 0.005715129 3.41146E-05 0.103808646 0.02663867 36.73602764 0.437313079 100.2808457 48.42482264 0.02698216 0.63366855

060065_12 0.005796966 4.24065E-05 0.038319979 0.000700153 37.26054311 0.543559537 38.1805286 1.36884221 0.400614913 0.024095672

060065_13 0.005878774 5.62841E-05 0.04941771 0.00215405 37.78483783 0.721377117 48.97497016 4.163897046 0.220264022 0.228486761

060065_14 0.005935185 3.4158E-05 0.053249934 0.001779762 38.14633415 0.437773431 52.67596631 3.428480811 0.172670483 0.275830387

060065_15 0.005654634 3.4103E-05 0.041850273 0.00273506 36.34826839 0.43719005 41.62680557 5.323900829 0.093226278 0.126806204

060065_16 0.00571349 5.34856E-05 0.040288927 0.000869158 36.72551908 0.685623118 40.10406075 1.695903745 0.434214829 0.084244378

060065_17 0.005655412 4.93134E-05 0.037510129 0.001701647 36.35325579 0.632177417 37.38829949 3.327814107 0.192857178 0.027683626

060065_18 0.00568823 4.37735E-05 0.040951321 0.001535819 36.56361391 0.561142256 40.75035676 2.99383154 0.205725187 0.102741256

060065_19 0.005808303 4.51761E-05 0.03995934 0.000550694 37.33320607 0.579052673 39.78232956 1.07502175 0.564539173 0.061563099

060065_20 0.005764995 3.55002E-05 0.04343887 0.00198901 37.05563986 0.455051624 43.17378872 3.867179261 0.135142843 0.141709798

060067_01 0.005743102 3.8253E-05 0.050241616 0.002080047 36.91531878 0.490347724 49.77180234 4.017834846 0.161475264 0.258308579

060067_02 0.005576313 3.40881E-05 0.038080893 0.001235908 35.84621137 0.437033033 37.94670812 2.416209366 0.188816841 0.055353859

060067_03 0.005684929 2.72596E-05 0.040561044 0.002216779 36.54245074 0.34945126 40.36961464 4.32145926 0.088526468 0.094803082

060067_04 0.005626447 2.58842E-05 0.039467342 0.001758106 36.16758954 0.331837906 39.30186947 3.431665771 0.103917037 0.079748876

060067_05 0.005657331 2.7253E-05 0.040371695 0.001160156 36.36555266 0.349375802 40.18483917 2.263203567 0.168045477 0.095042971

060067_06 0.005654087 3.41029E-05 0.044073638 0.002125338 36.34476189 0.437188945 43.79126945 4.129457302 0.12577147 0.170045483

060067_07 0.00587357 6.46267E-05 0.0620404 0.007058946 37.75148273 0.828301633 61.11479715 13.45232565 0.098346251 0.382285723

060067_08 0.005665174 3.27302E-05 0.044517812 0.003617456 36.41582662 0.419587472 44.22312431 7.020600503 0.072274988 0.176543331

060067_09 0.00615089 9.94926E-05 0.08980591 0.006008381 39.52846373 1.274795602 87.31811941 11.16481934 0.242710247 0.547305141

060067_10 0.005524067 3.54559E-05 0.038061365 0.001059581 35.5112835 0.454592852 37.92760794 2.071703531 0.230950562 0.063708854

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

060067_11 0.005676894 2.72577E-05 0.03845697 0.001075455 36.49094899 0.349429251 38.31447684 2.101923926 0.172096013 0.047593704

060067_12 0.005569418 2.58699E-05 0.038073858 0.000526577 35.80201345 0.331673984 37.93982774 1.02982078 0.336042326 0.056347496

060067_13 0.005693016 3.27358E-05 0.048085912 0.001878651 36.59428747 0.419647398 47.68561223 3.636622682 0.14774158 0.232592689

060067_14 0.005553675 3.54612E-05 0.041760246 0.002516485 35.70109303 0.454647974 41.53906673 4.899371784 0.106829116 0.140541764

060067_15 0.005669409 3.13584E-05 0.038541335 0.000484336 36.44296984 0.401999737 38.39695998 0.946802464 0.440308905 0.050889189

060067_16 0.005651868 3.27276E-05 0.038057542 0.000872746 36.33053702 0.419558951 37.92386947 1.706561138 0.252829341 0.042013974

060067_17 0.005652598 3.96185E-05 0.037420617 0.001172338 36.33521801 0.507896659 37.30069727 2.29345725 0.224164268 0.025883679

060067_18 0.005647922 2.18341E-05 0.038799035 0.00055002 36.30524161 0.279909707 38.64886961 1.074903799 0.272899899 0.060638979

060067_19 0.005526515 2.99572E-05 0.038972097 0.001052952 35.52697681 0.384092423 38.81800831 2.056943807 0.201013731 0.08478105

060067_20 0.005680601 2.99905E-05 0.041439694 0.002041954 36.51471338 0.384460215 41.22659855 3.977628268 0.107852648 0.114292358

060072_01 0.010354252 3.60255E-05 0.078342681 0.001763931 66.40246351 0.459687072 76.5816915 3.319002942 0.154850817 0.132919864

060072_02 0.010412848 5.5395E-05 0.082458688 0.00227087 66.77630422 0.70679553 80.449809 4.255627057 0.193564289 0.169963173

060072_03 0.010753474 5.5579E-05 0.071972778 0.000524456 68.94905052 0.708904787 70.56621828 0.993245746 0.709360764 0.022917025

060072_04 0.013540986 0.000286177 0.123131855 0.004376268 86.70229099 3.639708962 117.9013929 7.897075238 0.595050417 0.2646203

060072_05 0.013730789 6.99879E-05 0.490116673 0.008190555 87.90933689 0.890059964 404.96946 11.13115053 0.305240333 0.78292354

060072_06 0.010442595 4.14466E-05 0.069861662 0.000567547 66.96607585 0.528813121 68.5646788 1.076952928 0.488662249 0.023315255

060072_07 0.01026204 6.97364E-05 0.069900074 0.000680508 65.81411137 0.889906691 68.60113272 1.291188954 0.698124487 0.040626462

060072_08 0.011384271 0.000143915 0.076447054 0.001062111 72.97078194 1.834401313 74.79526151 2.002631138 0.90998183 0.024392983

060072_09 0.01060416 4.02119E-05 0.075185476 0.001269234 67.99671177 0.512977829 73.60461241 2.395741657 0.224869796 0.076189527

060072_10 0.010298555 8.58472E-05 0.07066144 0.001682368 66.04709456 1.095449221 69.32340904 3.188347566 0.350439058 0.047261301

060072_11 0.01096835 9.49005E-05 0.077021498 0.000846538 70.31930744 1.210165024 75.33694664 1.595473053 0.787311508 0.066602636

060072_12 0.01082418 7.87095E-05 0.098819136 0.007135591 69.39997142 1.003849603 95.68087152 13.14423345 0.101745081 0.274672457

060072_13 0.010477843 5.97171E-05 0.069717917 0.000750402 67.19094093 0.761891289 68.42825105 1.424000043 0.529646194 0.018081861

060072_14 0.012017305 0.000166389 0.290788182 0.020563394 77.00425572 2.119511902 259.1664388 32.09527281 0.196799964 0.702877209

060072_15 0.010362978 6.97786E-05 0.068900696 0.00062282 66.45813479 0.890357154 67.65228277 1.182868466 0.744989311 0.017651259

060072_16 0.010627 5.83608E-05 0.106706859 0.003777842 68.14240091 0.744477626 102.9432553 6.920044067 0.155624029 0.338058616

060072_17 0.01046473 5.1172E-05 0.06997321 0.000980491 67.10728623 0.652881137 68.67053594 1.859985176 0.349163934 0.02276449

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Table C. Continued

Grain Name 206Pb/238U 1s error *207Pb/235U *1s 206Pb/238U 2 s error *207Pb/235U 2 s error RHO Discordance

060072_18 0.011999099 8.50114E-05 0.283006279 0.005867471 76.88829292 1.082961782 253.0266825 9.26550013 0.342005225 0.696125752

060072_19 0.010571874 4.84296E-05 0.079967173 0.001816715 67.79076993 0.617828273 78.11010831 3.413100288 0.201966221 0.132112714

060072_20 0.010739687 4.43857E-05 0.111227097 0.005264192 68.86112478 0.566145385 107.0818332 9.597100763 0.088007085 0.356929904

060072_21 0.010886597 3.64673E-05 0.084294052 0.000906198 69.798006 0.465080271 82.16989698 1.696416318 0.311739727 0.150564762

060072_22 0.010674738 4.84935E-05 0.107025402 0.002497366 68.44688416 0.618580205 103.2354553 4.575864123 0.19501631 0.336982784

060072_23 0.010281182 5.39012E-05 0.070575 0.000700532 65.93624614 0.687826614 69.24143285 1.32833176 0.528298196 0.047734233

060072_24 0.01049111 8.15104E-05 0.071210063 0.000677664 67.27557369 1.039913848 69.84354722 1.284222887 0.816509014 0.036767513

060072_25 0.007381906 3.11151E-05 0.049947499 0.000446645 47.41051169 0.398203272 49.48742169 0.863656141 0.471475534 0.041968442

060072_26 0.010773342 4.71658E-05 0.082557925 0.001000319 69.07576215 0.601585587 80.54288729 1.875533222 0.361487885 0.142372909

060072_27 0.010951237 5.28641E-05 0.099220582 0.001907206 70.21018564 0.674145013 96.05174855 3.520254607 0.25140167 0.269037923

060072_28 0.010413946 6.83479E-05 0.085088717 0.002451581 66.78330954 0.872057534 82.91374848 4.582776506 0.228197264 0.194544804

060072_29 0.023708278 0.001276824 1.360129612 0.11925512 151.0449382 16.07008773 871.8819554 100.0992987 0.615236823 0.826759876

060072_30 0.014425117 9.47496E-05 0.424567574 0.022185145 92.32298739 1.204124855 359.2936452 31.38030329 0.126454009 0.743043083

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APPENDIX D IGNEOUS AND DETRITAL Hf RESULTS

Table D. Hf-isotopic analyses. Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

060065_03 0.000860622 0.0000095 0.283077 0.000016 10.32586594 1.131601747 0.0389 0.0011 0.28 11.17 1.16

060065_04 0.00160185 0.00021 0.283056 0.000011 9.583252294 0.777976201 0.0371 0.0010 0.28 10.37 0.81

060065_05 0.00491353 0.000035 0.282895 0.000019 3.889881005 1.343777074 0.0369 0.0007 0.28 4.59 1.36

060065_06 0.00167724 0.000013 0.283072 0.000012 10.14905317 0.84870131 0.0373 0.0008 0.28 10.94 0.87

060065_07 0.00276099 0.000022 0.28303 0.000021 8.663825875 1.485227293 0.0373 0.0004 0.28 9.43 1.49

060065_08 0.00237915 0.000027 0.282996 0.000019 7.461499019 1.343777074 0.0380 0.0009 0.28 8.25 1.37

060065_09 0.00386648 0.00013 0.282981 0.000016 6.9310607 1.131601747 0.0365 0.0005 0.28 7.65 1.15

060065_10 0.000871307 0.000037 0.283033 0.000015 8.769913539 1.060876638 0.0000 0.0000 0.28 8.77 1.06

060065_11 0.000884926 0.000054 0.283062 0.000013 9.795427622 0.919426419 0.0367 0.0004 0.28 10.59 0.93

060065_12 0.00200123 0.00015 0.283041 0.000014 9.052813975 0.990151529 0.0373 0.0005 0.28 9.83 1.01

060065_13 0.00378916 0.000041 0.282969 0.000019 6.506710045 1.343777074 0.0378 0.0007 0.28 7.25 1.36

060065_15 0.00136711 0.000011 0.28302 0.000016 8.310200329 1.131601747 0.0363 0.0004 0.28 9.08 1.14

060065_16 0.00466346 0.00017 0.282956 0.00002 6.046996835 1.414502184 0.0367 0.0007 0.28 6.75 1.44

060065_18 0.00174686 0.000049 0.283004 0.000016 7.744399455 1.131601747 0.0366 0.0006 0.28 8.51 1.15

060065_20 0.00226763 0.000034 0.282949 0.000019 5.799458953 1.343777074 0.0371 0.0005 0.28 6.57 1.36

060067_01 0.00226428 0.000016 0.283057 0.000015 9.618614849 1.060876638 0.0369 0.0005 0.28 10.38 1.07

060067_04 0.00332007 0.000017 0.283026 0.000018 8.522375656 1.273051965 0.0362 0.0003 0.28 9.25 1.28

060067_06 0.00345326 0.000069 0.283068 0.000018 10.00760295 1.273051965 0.0363 0.0004 0.28 10.73 1.29

060067_08 0.00298945 0.000073 0.283065 0.000019 9.901515285 1.343777074 0.0364 0.0004 0.28 10.64 1.36

060067_09 0.00137953 0.000096 0.283041 0.000017 9.052813975 1.202326856 0.0395 0.0013 0.28 9.89 1.24

060067_10 0.00346495 0.000016 0.283019 0.00002 8.274837774 1.414502184 0.0355 0.0005 0.28 8.98 1.43

060067_11 0.00257991 0.00013 0.283075 0.000016 10.25514083 1.131601747 0.0365 0.0003 0.28 11.00 1.15

060067_12 0.00488642 0.00004 0.283033 0.000019 8.769913539 1.343777074 0.0358 0.0003 0.28 9.45 1.35

060067_14 0.00183695 0.000024 0.283044 0.000018 9.158901639 1.273051965 0.0357 0.0005 0.28 9.91 1.28

060067_15 0.00559047 0.000056 0.283055 0.000022 9.54788974 1.555952402 0.0364 0.0004 0.28 10.22 1.57

060067_16 0.00321233 0.0000058 0.28304 0.00002 9.017451421 1.414502184 0.0363 0.0004 0.28 9.75 1.42

060067_17 0.00350832 0.000024 0.283052 0.000012 9.441802076 0.84870131 0.0363 0.0005 0.28 10.16 0.86

060067_18 0.00228935 0.000044 0.282991 0.00002 7.284686246 1.414502184 0.0363 0.0003 0.28 8.04 1.42

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

060067_19 0.00394359 0.0000087 0.283085 0.000019 10.60876638 1.343777074 0.0355 0.0004 0.28 11.31 1.35

060067_20 0.0015958 0.000043 0.283085 0.0000079 10.60876638 0.558728363 0.0365 0.0004 0.28 11.38 0.57

060072_02 0.00363986 0.000094 0.282911 0.000027 4.455681878 1.909577948 0.0668 0.0007 0.28 5.78 1.93

060072_03 0.00401909 0.00026 0.283024 0.000016 8.451650547 1.131601747 0.0689 0.0007 0.28 9.80 1.17

060072_05 0.059749 0.0011 0.295882 0.0097 463.1433775 686.0335591 0.0000 0.0000 0.30 463.14 686.03

060072_06 0.00530033 0.00036 0.282925 0.0001 4.950757643 7.072510918 0.0670 0.0005 0.28 6.20 7.12

060072_07 0.00450136 0.00011 0.282726 0.000038 -2.086390721 2.687554149 0.0658 0.0009 0.28 -0.82 2.72

060072_09 0.00447498 0.0001 0.282803 0.000037 0.636525983 2.61682904 0.0680 0.0005 0.28 1.95 2.64

060072_13 0.00594335 0.00024 0.282948 0.000085 5.764096398 6.01163428 0.0672 0.0008 0.28 6.99 6.05

060072_14 0.0044717 0.00032 0.282918 0.000042 4.703219761 2.970454586 0.0000 0.0000 0.28 4.70 2.97

060072_16 0.00375163 0.00026 0.282962 0.000023 6.259172163 1.626677511 0.0681 0.0007 0.28 7.60 1.67

060072_17 0.00140699 0.000033 0.283029 0.000021 8.62846332 1.485227293 0.0671 0.0007 0.28 10.06 1.50

060072_18 0.102079 0.0038 0.266283 0.13 -583.5528759 9194.264194 0.0000 0.0000 0.27 -

583.55 9194.26

060072_19 0.00281676 0.000098 0.283126 0.00013 12.05863112 9.194264194 0.0678 0.0006 0.28 13.44 9.22

060072_20 0.00619307 0.00036 0.282749 0.000067 -1.273051965 4.738582315 0.0689 0.0006 0.28 -0.03 4.78

060072_23 0.00542854 0.00029 0.282955 0.000029 6.01163428 2.051028166 0.0659 0.0007 0.28 7.24 2.09

060072_24 0.00444509 0.00033 0.282967 0.000034 6.435984936 2.404653712 0.0673 0.0010 0.28 7.73 2.46

070242_01 0.0046991 0.00036 0.28292 0.000028 4.77394487 1.980303057 0.0464 0.0007 0.28 5.66 2.02

070242_02 0.0114905 0.0003 0.282531 0.000042 -8.982088866 2.970454586 0.0477 0.0005 0.28 -8.29 3.00

070242_04 0.00917214 0.000053 0.282654 0.000039 -4.632494651 2.758279258 0.0481 0.0013 0.28 -3.86 2.79

070242_05 0.0114905 0.0003 0.282531 0.000042 -8.982088866 2.970454586 0.0490 0.0012 0.28 -8.27 3.02

070242_06 0.00822276 0.00026 0.282745 0.000036 -1.414502184 2.546103931 0.0487 0.0011 0.28 -0.60 2.59

070242_07 0.00659779 0.000079 0.28306 0.000095 9.724702513 6.718885372 0.0515 0.0008 0.28 10.65 6.74

070242_08 0.00601823 0.000049 0.282931 0.000028 5.16293297 1.980303057 0.0480 0.0012 0.28 6.04 2.01

070242_12 0.00199553 0.000048 0.283048 0.000015 9.300351857 1.060876638 0.0504 0.0020 0.28 10.35 1.11

070242_14 0.0120711 0.00039 0.282397 0.000059 -13.72067118 4.172781442 0.0494 0.0009 0.28 -13.02 4.22

070242_15 0.00300284 0.000093 0.283143 0.000027 12.65979454 1.909577948 0.0485 0.0009 0.28 13.64 1.94

070242_18 0.00884767 0.00011 0.28275 0.000038 -1.237689411 2.687554149 0.0493 0.0009 0.28 -0.43 2.72

070242_19 0.00307022 0.00013 0.283058 0.000033 9.653977403 2.333928603 0.0522 0.0011 0.28 10.71 2.37

070242_21 0.00207834 0.000014 0.28301 0.000017 7.956574783 1.202326856 0.0568 0.0012 0.28 9.14 1.23

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

070242_22 0.00364353 0.000079 0.283031 0.000018 8.699188429 1.273051965 0.0636 0.0021 0.28 9.96 1.33

070242_24 0.00180464 0.00003 0.283077 0.000017 10.32586594 1.202326856 0.0594 0.0018 0.28 11.58 1.25

070242_25 0.00148468 0.000011 0.283079 0.000015 10.39659105 1.060876638 0.0565 0.0011 0.28 11.60 1.09

070242_26 0.00913619 0.00006 0.28268 0.000032 -3.713068232 2.263203494 0.0571 0.0015 0.28 -2.79 2.30

070242_27 0.00285182 0.000042 0.283077 0.000013 10.32586594 0.919426419 0.0581 0.0013 0.28 11.51 0.95

070242_29 0.00663715 0.0000054 0.282881 0.000025 3.394805241 1.76812773 0.0587 0.0012 0.28 4.44 1.80

070242_30 0.0052919 0.000033 0.282916 0.00002 4.632494651 1.414502184 0.0597 0.0014 0.28 5.75 1.45

070242_31 0.00916286 0.000012 0.28268 0.000028 -3.713068232 1.980303057 0.0590 0.0010 0.28 -2.76 2.01

070242_32 0.00249784 0.000038 0.283084 0.000024 10.57340382 1.69740262 0.0599 0.0020 0.28 11.81 1.75

070242_33 0.0143903 0.00014 0.28244 0.000054 -12.20008133 3.819155896 0.0598 0.0013 0.28 -11.44 3.86

070242_34 0.00495398 0.000045 0.282982 0.000015 6.966423254 1.060876638 0.0583 0.0016 0.28 8.07 1.10

070242_35 0.00320476 0.000093 0.283028 0.000019 8.593100766 1.343777074 0.0611 0.0020 0.28 9.82 1.40

070242_36 0.00796976 0.000025 0.282912 0.000026 4.491044433 1.838852839 0.0569 0.0011 0.28 5.45 1.87

070242_38 0.00149073 0.000024 0.283086 0.000013 10.64412893 0.919426419 0.0587 0.0012 0.28 11.89 0.95

070242_40 0.00501929 0.000018 0.282977 0.000022 6.789610481 1.555952402 0.0567 0.0012 0.28 7.86 1.59

070242_41 0.0190919 0.0003 0.282562 0.000096 -7.885849674 6.789610481 0.0600 0.0016 0.28 -7.31 6.85

070242_42 0.00824372 0.00012 0.282877 0.00002 3.253355022 1.414502184 0.0592 0.0013 0.28 4.25 1.45

070242_43 0.00304414 0.00011 0.28301 0.000028 7.956574783 1.980303057 0.0650 0.0018 0.28 9.27 2.03

070242_46 0.00742864 0.00019 0.282943 0.00002 5.587283625 1.414502184 0.0594 0.0015 0.28 6.61 1.46

070242_48 0.00471076 0.000029 0.283 0.000017 7.602949237 1.202326856 0.0615 0.0020 0.28 8.78 1.25

070242_50 0.00174827 0.000039 0.283118 0.000013 11.77573068 0.919426419 0.0604 0.0021 0.28 13.05 0.97

070242_52 0.00433879 0.000014 0.282983 0.000022 7.001785809 1.555952402 0.0610 0.0025 0.28 8.18 1.62

070242_53 0.00444693 0.000014 0.283035 0.000016 8.840638648 1.131601747 0.0602 0.0021 0.28 10.00 1.18

070242_55 0.00644335 0.00016 0.282896 0.000084 3.92524356 5.940909171 0.0710 0.0026 0.28 5.20 6.02

070242_57 0.00603589 0.0000071 0.282978 0.000027 6.824973036 1.909577948 0.0598 0.0020 0.28 7.91 1.96

070242_59 0.00401872 0.00012 0.2831 0.000021 11.1392047 1.485227293 0.0599 0.0021 0.28 12.31 1.55

070242_60 0.00995365 0.00056 0.282751 0.000033 -1.202326856 2.333928603 0.0623 0.0025 0.28 -0.23 2.44

070242_62 0.00949111 0.00013 0.282765 0.000066 -0.707251092 4.667857206 0.0625 0.0007 0.28 0.29 4.69

070242_64 0.00225511 0.00012 0.283103 0.000016 11.24529236 1.131601747 0.0622 0.0026 0.28 12.53 1.20

070242_65 0.00801131 0.000065 0.282847 0.000034 2.192478385 2.404653712 0.0647 0.0028 0.28 3.29 2.48

070242_67 0.00797811 0.000071 0.282776 0.000029 -0.318262991 2.051028166 0.0632 0.0020 0.28 0.75 2.10

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

300351_01 0.00267678 0.000062 0.282977 0.000015 6.789610481 1.060876638 0.0473 0.0004 0.28 7.76 1.08

300351_02 0.00168727 0.000059 0.283101 0.000019 11.17456725 1.343777074 0.0476 0.0004 0.28 12.18 1.36

300351_03 0.00313398 0.000047 0.282985 0.000018 7.072510918 1.273051965 0.0474 0.0006 0.28 8.03 1.29

300351_04 0.00134078 0.000034 0.283056 0.000011 9.583252294 0.777976201 0.0499 0.0012 0.28 10.65 0.81

300351_05 0.00652731 0.00008 0.282869 0.000025 2.970454586 1.76812773 0.0551 0.0027 0.28 3.96 1.84

300351_06 0.00237227 0.000078 0.283 0.000014 7.602949237 0.990151529 0.0478 0.0010 0.28 8.59 1.02

300351_07 0.00543529 0.000077 0.282928 0.000018 5.056845307 1.273051965 0.0470 0.0005 0.28 5.93 1.29

300351_08 0.00897377 0.00018 0.282847 0.000028 2.192478385 1.980303057 0.0466 0.0006 0.28 2.95 2.00

300351_10 0.00394046 0.00019 0.28297 0.000025 6.542072599 1.76812773 0.0459 0.0005 0.28 7.44 1.79

300351_13 0.00253864 0.00012 0.283037 0.000018 8.911363757 1.273051965 0.0468 0.0006 0.28 9.87 1.29

300351_17 0.000746142 0.000033 0.28254 0.000016 -8.663825875 1.131601747 0.2843 0.0041 0.28 -2.48 1.24

300351_19 0.00213605 0.00019 0.283074 0.000035 10.21977828 2.475378821 0.0448 0.0005 0.28 11.15 2.50

300351_20 0.00493289 0.00029 0.282921 0.000034 4.809307424 2.404653712 0.0505 0.0004 0.28 5.77 2.43

300351_23 0.00150814 0.000023 0.283026 0.000021 8.522375656 1.485227293 0.0461 0.0006 0.28 9.50 1.50

300351_24 0.00358314 0.000027 0.282936 0.000034 5.339745743 2.404653712 0.0463 0.0006 0.28 6.26 2.42

300351_25 0.000738564 0.000063 0.283093 0.000025 10.89166681 1.76812773 0.0480 0.0022 0.28 11.94 1.82

300351_26 0.00554552 0.0000042 0.282923 0.000023 4.880032534 1.626677511 0.0458 0.0005 0.28 5.73 1.64

300351_32 0.00184665 0.000045 0.283018 0.000016 8.23947522 1.131601747 0.0457 0.0004 0.28 9.20 1.14

300351_33 0.0022869 0.00005 0.282994 0.000017 7.39077391 1.202326856 0.0493 0.0008 0.28 8.41 1.23

300351_35 0.0061765 0.0004 0.282854 0.000054 2.440016267 3.819155896 0.0468 0.0005 0.28 3.29 3.86

300351_36 0.00456128 0.00003 0.283026 0.000027 8.522375656 1.909577948 0.0482 0.0004 0.28 9.45 1.92

300351_37 0.00250048 0.000068 0.283 0.000018 7.602949237 1.273051965 0.0471 0.0006 0.28 8.57 1.29

300351_39 0.00486845 0.00017 0.282896 0.000027 3.92524356 1.909577948 0.0458 0.0004 0.28 4.80 1.93

300351_40 0.000621998 0.000021 0.283034 0.000018 8.805276093 1.273051965 0.0431 0.0013 0.28 9.74 1.31

300351_43 0.00388493 0.00016 0.282967 0.000018 6.435984936 1.273051965 0.0471 0.0004 0.28 7.36 1.29

300351_44 0.0046224 0.000077 0.282923 0.000023 4.880032534 1.626677511 0.0451 0.0004 0.28 5.74 1.64

300351_45 0.00295063 0.000016 0.283003 0.000018 7.709036901 1.273051965 0.0458 0.0005 0.28 8.64 1.29

300351_46 0.00408734 0.00011 0.282961 0.000018 6.223809608 1.273051965 0.0455 0.0004 0.28 7.11 1.29

300351_47 0.00243356 0.000088 0.282946 0.000025 5.693371289 1.76812773 0.0475 0.0011 0.28 6.67 1.80

300351_49 0.00187268 0.000029 0.283025 0.000016 8.487013102 1.131601747 0.0468 0.0006 0.28 9.47 1.15

300339_1_01 0.00272354 0.000049 0.283083 0.000011 10.53804127 0.777976201 0.0547 0.0020 0.28 11.65 0.83

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

300339_1_02 0.0013063 0.000039 0.283113 0.000017 11.59891791 1.202326856 0.0512 0.0014 0.28 12.69 1.24

300339_1_03 0.00769312 0.00023 0.28299 0.000048 7.249323691 3.394805241 0.0618 0.0019 0.28 8.31 3.46

300339_1_04 0.00262551 0.00019 0.28294 0.000022 5.481195962 1.555952402 0.0000 0.0000 0.28 5.48 1.56

300339_1_06 0.00357786 0.000079 0.283089 0.000023 10.7502166 1.626677511 0.0492 0.0021 0.28 11.73 1.68

300339_1_07 0.00213511 0.000076 0.283048 0.000021 9.300351857 1.485227293 0.0508 0.0018 0.28 10.36 1.53

300339_1_08 0.00366665 0.0001 0.283074 0.000036 10.21977828 2.546103931 0.0473 0.0019 0.28 11.16 2.60

300339_1_09 0.00181994 0.000081 0.28302 0.000012 8.310200329 0.84870131 0.0500 0.0021 0.28 9.36 0.90

300339_1_10 0.00685337 0.0002 0.283026 0.000022 8.522375656 1.555952402 0.0476 0.0016 0.28 9.36 1.61

300339_1_11 0.0071064 0.00029 0.283115 0.00002 11.66964302 1.414502184 0.0582 0.0016 0.28 12.69 1.47

300339_1_12 0.00149733 0.000022 0.28307 0.000015 10.07832806 1.060876638 0.0454 0.0015 0.28 11.04 1.10

300339_1_13 0.00642725 0.000034 0.283116 0.000027 11.70500557 1.909577948 0.0584 0.0018 0.28 12.76 1.95

300339_1_14 0.00161005 0.00002 0.283071 0.000017 10.11369061 1.202326856 0.0468 0.0014 0.28 11.10 1.24

300339_1_15 0.00108186 0.00011 0.283005 0.000021 7.77976201 1.485227293 0.0490 0.0012 0.28 8.83 1.52

300339_1_16 0.00214085 0.000037 0.283173 0.000016 13.72067118 1.131601747 0.0450 0.0014 0.28 14.66 1.17

300339_1_17 0.00181137 0.000023 0.283074 0.000018 10.21977828 1.273051965 0.0467 0.0012 0.28 11.20 1.30

300339_1_18 0.00347708 0.00016 0.283086 0.000035 10.64412893 2.475378821 0.0468 0.0018 0.28 11.58 2.53

300339_1_19 0.00329629 0.00011 0.283097 0.000023 11.03311703 1.626677511 0.0471 0.0017 0.28 11.98 1.67

300339_1_20 0.00351469 0.000051 0.283031 0.000018 8.699188429 1.273051965 0.0458 0.0016 0.28 9.61 1.31

300339_1_21 0.00157167 0.000074 0.283034 0.000021 8.805276093 1.485227293 0.0525 0.0022 0.28 9.92 1.54

300339_1_22 0.00122372 0.000041 0.283037 0.000016 8.911363757 1.131601747 0.0479 0.0020 0.28 9.94 1.18

300339_1_23 0.00345798 0.00006 0.283129 0.000017 12.16471878 1.202326856 0.0590 0.0019 0.28 13.34 1.25

300339_1_24 0.00662392 0.00013 0.283114 0.000018 11.63428046 1.273051965 0.0588 0.0016 0.28 12.68 1.32

300339_1_25 0.0015038 0.000032 0.28308 0.000018 10.4319536 1.273051965 0.0488 0.0016 0.28 11.47 1.31

300339_1_26 0.00318503 0.000084 0.283018 0.000018 8.23947522 1.273051965 0.0461 0.0011 0.28 9.17 1.30

300339_1_27 0.00610346 0.000087 0.283095 0.000025 10.96239192 1.76812773 0.0581 0.0018 0.28 12.02 1.82

300339_1_28 0.00629073 0.000088 0.282975 0.000028 6.718885372 1.980303057 0.0469 0.0014 0.28 7.57 2.02

300339_1_29 0.00439585 0.000072 0.283115 0.000016 11.66964302 1.131601747 0.0570 0.0021 0.28 12.77 1.19

300339_1_30 0.00249954 0.000098 0.283043 0.00002 9.123539084 1.414502184 0.0476 0.0020 0.28 10.10 1.47

300339_1_31 0.00189924 0.000094 0.283033 0.000019 8.769913539 1.343777074 0.0466 0.0012 0.28 9.75 1.38

300339_1_32 0.00295491 0.000097 0.283094 0.000016 10.92702937 1.131601747 0.0467 0.0014 0.28 11.87 1.17

300339_1_33 0.00312232 0.00021 0.282996 0.000021 7.461499019 1.485227293 0.0490 0.0018 0.28 8.45 1.54

300339_1_34 0.00627842 0.0003 0.282928 0.000085 5.056845307 6.01163428 0.0484 0.0012 0.28 5.93 6.06

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

300339_1_35 0.00269833 0.00015 0.283074 0.000013 10.21977828 0.919426419 0.0494 0.0011 0.28 11.23 0.95

300339_1_36 0.000975821 0.000055 0.283058 0.000022 9.653977403 1.555952402 0.0471 0.0016 0.28 10.67 1.60

300339_1_37 0.00114089 0.000019 0.283086 0.000018 10.64412893 1.273051965 0.0463 0.0017 0.28 11.64 1.31

300339_1_38 0.00166504 0.000016 0.283134 0.000014 12.34153155 0.990151529 0.0449 0.0011 0.28 13.29 1.02

300339_1_39 0.00148359 0.000012 0.283064 0.000014 9.866152731 0.990151529 0.0473 0.0016 0.28 10.87 1.03

300339_1_40 0.00797928 0.000074 0.283085 0.000027 10.60876638 1.909577948 0.0591 0.0018 0.28 11.61 1.96

300339_1_41 0.00334023 0.000095 0.283116 0.000019 11.70500557 1.343777074 0.0507 0.0012 0.28 12.72 1.38

300339_1_42 0.00215757 0.000055 0.282987 0.000014 7.143236027 0.990151529 0.0464 0.0016 0.28 8.11 1.03

300339_1_43 0.00183083 0.000053 0.28304 0.000019 9.017451421 1.343777074 0.0495 0.0018 0.28 10.06 1.39

300339_1_44 0.005329 0.00015 0.283041 0.000029 9.052813975 2.051028166 0.0477 0.0017 0.28 9.94 2.10

300339_1_45 0.00198772 0.000049 0.283003 0.000083 7.709036901 5.870184062 0.0528 0.0012 0.28 8.81 5.90

300339_1_46 0.00332373 0.00021 0.283119 0.00002 11.81109323 1.414502184 0.0498 0.0032 0.28 12.81 1.50

300339_1_49 0.00109581 0.000053 0.283044 0.000015 9.158901639 1.060876638 0.0456 0.0010 0.28 10.14 1.09

300339_1_54 0.00735514 0.000077 0.283148 0.000038 12.83660732 2.687554149 0.0558 0.0014 0.28 13.81 2.73

300339_1_56 0.00412682 0.00021 0.283045 0.000019 9.194264194 1.343777074 0.0476 0.0010 0.28 10.12 1.38

300339_1_57 0.00094793 0.000014 0.283065 0.000014 9.901515285 0.990151529 0.0410 0.0015 0.28 10.79 1.03

300339_1_59 0.00667205 0.000022 0.283189 0.000032 14.28647205 2.263203494 0.0582 0.0017 0.28 15.32 2.31

300339_1_60 0.00473171 0.000058 0.283122 0.000029 11.9171809 2.051028166 0.0575 0.0015 0.28 13.02 2.09

300339_1_61 0.0010626 0.00004 0.282988 0.00002 7.178598582 1.414502184 0.0502 0.0015 0.28 8.26 1.45

300339_1_64 0.00326718 0.000095 0.283145 0.000035 12.73051965 2.475378821 0.0449 0.0018 0.28 13.63 2.52

300339_1_65 0.00548952 0.000069 0.283208 0.000015 14.95836059 1.060876638 0.0577 0.0021 0.28 16.03 1.11

300339_1_67 0.00791866 0.00018 0.283139 0.000029 12.51834433 2.051028166 0.0565 0.0019 0.28 13.48 2.11

300339_1_68 0.00216008 0.00007 0.283028 0.000015 8.593100766 1.060876638 0.0465 0.0024 0.28 9.56 1.12

300339_1_69 0.00563762 0.000074 0.283075 0.000023 10.25514083 1.626677511 0.0556 0.0019 0.28 11.28 1.68

300334_01 0.0015878 0.00014 0.283077 0.00002 10.32586594 1.414502184 0.0428 0.0013 0.28 11.23 1.45

300334_02 0.00143172 0.0000046 0.283087 0.000022 10.67949149 1.555952402 0.0457 0.0019 0.28 11.65 1.60

300334_03 0.000914887 0.000013 0.28313 0.000015 12.20008133 1.060876638 0.0429 0.0007 0.28 13.13 1.08

300334_04 0.0018822 0.000081 0.283098 0.000016 11.06847959 1.131601747 0.0415 0.0009 0.28 11.94 1.16

300334_06 0.000603479 0.000017 0.283101 0.000014 11.17456725 0.990151529 0.0454 0.0013 0.28 12.16 1.02

300334_07 0.00172397 0.00015 0.283033 0.000027 8.769913539 1.909577948 0.0440 0.0014 0.28 9.70 1.95

300334_08 0.000924361 0.000005 0.283061 0.00002 9.760065067 1.414502184 0.0430 0.0009 0.28 10.69 1.44

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Table D. Continued Sample 176Lu/177Hf 1 s error 176Hf/177Hf 1 s error e(0) 2 s error t(Ga) 2 s error 176Hf/177Hf(t) e(t) Error

300334_09 0.0012685 0.000042 0.28308 0.000018 10.4319536 1.273051965 0.0491 0.0023 0.28 11.48 1.33

300334_10 0.00288888 0.00012 0.282763 0.00011 -0.777976201 7.77976201 0.0442 0.0020 0.28 0.12 7.83

300334_11 0.00132689 0.000054 0.283169 0.000018 13.57922096 1.273051965 0.0420 0.0007 0.28 14.48 1.29

300334_12 0.00141127 0.000048 0.283237 0.000081 15.98387468 5.728733844 0.0448 0.0024 0.28 16.94 5.79

300334_13 0.000969623 0.000019 0.283077 0.000016 10.32586594 1.131601747 0.0414 0.0006 0.28 11.22 1.15

300334_15 0.00128647 0.000021 0.283094 0.00003 10.92702937 2.121753275 0.0432 0.0007 0.28 11.85 2.14

300334_16 0.0027259 0.00006 0.283099 0.000019 11.10384214 1.343777074 0.0400 0.0006 0.28 11.92 1.36

300334_17 0.00343475 0.00014 0.283135 0.000021 12.37689411 1.485227293 0.0450 0.0004 0.28 13.27 1.50

300334_18 0.000823962 0.000029 0.283133 0.000021 12.306169 1.485227293 0.0404 0.0005 0.28 13.18 1.50

300334_19 0.00115218 0.000028 0.283005 0.00002 7.77976201 1.414502184 0.0412 0.0005 0.28 8.66 1.43

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Diego A. Ramírez S. was born in “The pretty city” of Colombia, Bucaramanga.

When he was 17 years old graduated from FCUIS high school and decided to go to

study in the city of Medellín. In 2006 earned his bachelor’s degree in Geology at the

Universidad EAFIT after his research on the age and provenance of the volcaniclastic

rocks of the Combia Formation. Then he moved to Bogotá, and from 2007 to 2009

worked for the oil-field services company Geoservices (Schlumberger). In July of 2009,

he accepted an internship at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama

City, Panama, and worked alongside Dr. Camilo Montes, Dr. Carlos Jaramillo, Dr. Rory

McFadden and Dr. Austin Hendy in the Panama Geology Project. The results of this

research were compiled in three published papers in which he served as coauthor: “Arc-

Continent Collision and Orocline Formation: Closing of the Central American Seaway”,

“Evidence for middle Eocene and younger land emergence in Central Panama:

implications for Isthmus closure” and “Age and origin of earliest adakitic-like

magmatism in Panama: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Panamanian

magmatic arc system”. Now, after 2.5 years of study away from home, he is about to

earn his master’s degree in Geology from the University of Florida.