1. Origin and Journey of the Nation State System

• Mid 16 thcentury developments in in Europe led to declaim ofold controls( of Roman Empire of Church)

Search for NEW IDENTITY began and thus came the idea of NATION in to the picture.

Portugal, Spain, Britain ,France were the early beginners as Monarchic States ( fre from Holy roman empire)

2. The Rise of Monarchial Nation States: 1500 - 1700 3. Prime Characteristics of the Nation States

Growing Bureaucratization: More and more was the need to have a centralized state.

Existence of a Permanent Mercenary Army: Due to the wars, people wanted armies.

Growing need to tax: In order to pay for the armies and for the wars, monarchy needed taxes.

4. Consequence of raise of Nation State

Balance Power has shifted as each new nation state want to expand its sphere of Influence

Search for new territories has started

The Ideas of Individualism and reason stated to get impetus.

Colonization began to take shape

5. Examples of an expansion:16th Century Spanish Empire 6. Phases of Development of Nation State

Treaty of Westphalia 1648

Utrecht Treaty 1713

Congress of Vienna 1815

First World War 1914-19

Second World War1939-1945

From 1945 onwords

7. Europe During The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 8. Simplified imageEuropein 1648

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9. By the time of Treaty of Westphalia ( which is in modern day Germany)

England, France, Spain and Swedon weregreat powers

Denmark( with Norway) ,Holland, Portugal and Switzerland were small powers

Russia was yet to become power full

Treaty ended thirty war within the holy roman empire and eighty years rivalry between Spain and Dutch republic

10. Consequences of Treaty of Westphalia

General recognition of the exclusive sovereignty of each party over its lands, people, and agents abroad, was recognised

Gave way to religious freedom: The Kingdomswere free to follow Catholicism, Lutheranism or Calvinism

11. Europe in 1713 during Utrecht Treaty 12. Utrecht Treaty(Utretcht isA Dutch city)

Colonial supremacy fights for western hemisphere were on

Paved way foralliancesand thebalance of poweras the basis of future of Nation state system

Treaties were signed between Spain, France, England ,Dutch republic etc.

After this treaty till the French revolution(1789) and Raise of Napoleon Old balance of power continued in Europe

13. World between 1700 -1763 Colonies 14. Europe During Treaty of Vienna 1815 15. The principal negotiators At Vienna Congress

Austria -Metternich

Prussia-Hardenberg and von Humbolt

Russia - Nesselrode and Rasoumoffski

Great Britain-Castlereagh, and later, Wellington

France -Talleyrand and Dalberg

16. Significance of Congress of Vienna -1

The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from theFrench Revolutionary wars, and the Napoleonic Warsand the dissolution of theHoly Roman Empire

The Congress of Vienna was seen as the first f a series of Congresses. Diplomats felt that they should 'stick together' in peacetime to preserve the peace

Adopted a fair policy of no great rewards and no great punishments

Gave a balanced settlement which ensured no major conflict for forty years (theCrimean War,1854-6) and then until 1914

17. Significance of Congress of Vienna-2

The Congress of Vienna settlement, despite later changes, formed the framework for European international politics until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

In February 1815, the Congress condemned the slave trade as inconsistent with civilization and human rights.

Restored monarchies across Europe

Ignored demands for greater democracy and nationalism; this led to the majority of conflicts in the Nineteenth Century, between and within countries( thus ignited Liberal National Revolutions of 1848 Across Europe)

18. Europe in 1850 19. Italian Unification by 1870 20. Unification of Germany 1866-71 21. Europe in 1900 22. From 1815 to 1914

The Russian attempt to expand west words was stopped by Crimea war(1854-56) by Britain and France

Germany became united and started as a new power player in 1870

Italy followed theimmediately

Development of these new powers led to a a search for new balance of power in Europe

Many central Americancountries got independence from Spanish control.

23. Two world wars and nation states

The first worked war spell the doom of old empires( Ottoman , astro hungarian empire)and paved way for emergence of many nation states form the empire. Russsia in the form of USSR could still hold many nationalities inin its fold . Yugoslavia is an exaple for a emergence of new state,

After the second world warie after 1945 war many nations in Africa Asia got independencethus le to the in thglobe

24. Essential nature of modern nation sate

Territoriality

Sense of nationality

Sovereignty

Equal recognitionin the community of nations

Recognition of international law

25. 1914 Ethnolinguistic Map of Europe 26. Napoleon's Empire 27. Austro Hungarian empire 28. Ottoman empire1174-1914 29. 1914 Political Map of Europe 30. 31. World Map 1914 32. World in 1945 33. Current World Map