Organizing the Elements Chapter 3. Intro to ATOMS Particles of Atoms include: Nucleus-center core...
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Transcript of Organizing the Elements Chapter 3. Intro to ATOMS Particles of Atoms include: Nucleus-center core...
Intro to ATOMS Particles of Atoms include:
Nucleus-center core
Protons-positive
Neutrons-no charge
Electrons-negative and moves rapidly (e-)
Atoms and ElementsElements identified by
Number of protons in the nucleus of its atom
Each element has a unique atomic number-the number of protons in its nucleus
Carbon – 6 Oxygen – 8 Iron – 26
However, the number of neutrons will vary
Same protons, different neutrons = isotopes
isotopes identified by mass number
A. Who? Dmitri Mendeleev
1. Russian scientist2. First observed elements 3. Similar physical and
chemical properties4. Noticed patterns:
Ex: Florine & Chlorine both gases/irritate lungsEx: Silver & Copper both shiny/tarnish in air
5. Invented 1st Periodic Table
Ch. 3.2
B. Today’s Periodic Table
1. Arranged by increasing atomic number
2. Atomic number = protons in the nucleus
nucleus
C. Information on the Periodic Table
26
FeIron
55.847
Atomic Number
Atomic Symbol
Name of Element
Atomic Mass
-elements arranged by this number
Elements SongThere's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium,
And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium,
Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium,
And gold and protactinium and indium and gallium, And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium.
There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium, And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium,
And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium, And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium, and barium.
There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, And phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium,
And manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium, Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium.
And lead, praseodymium, and platinum, plutonium, Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium,
And tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium.
There's sulfur, californium, and fermium, berkelium, And also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium,
And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc, and rhodium, And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin, and sodium.
These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard,
And there may be many others, but they haven't been discovered.
C solid
Hg liquid
gas
metals
metalloid
nonmetal
Turn to Page 84-85 in your book and color/copy the table like the one in your book
Families (Groups) and Periods
Vertical: Families/Groups (columns) are have similar properties
Horizontal: Periods have series of different elements not alike
Properties of Metals
1. Hardness
2. Shininess3. Malleability -pounded into shape4. Ductility -pulled out into a long wire5. Reactivity -combines or reacts to other metals
Alloys A mixture of metals
Brass = copper + zinc Bronze = copper + tin Stainless Steel = carbon + chromium + vanadium
Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals-lack most of the properties of metals
1. Dull2. Brittle3. Low densities4. Poor Conductors of heat and electricity