NEPAL COMMERCE CAMPUS

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

A Project Report On

A Case Study on Organizational Relations of

Nepal Commerce Campus

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Mohit Rijal Aastha Karki

Shreya Karki Faculty Member

Newton Prajapati Organizational Relations

Anita Karki Nepal Commerce Campus

Aakash Regmi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While the design of this report, there are very inspiring people who are always sparkling in our

memory and we cannot remain idol to provide sincere thanks to them. Their time was really

precious and they devoted that for coming up with this report.

We would like to thank BBA program management committee of our college for providing

recommendation letter in order to have easy access for the collection of required information.

Course Facilitator Aastha Karki is our source of inspiration for the compilation this handbook, he

approved our proposal to present this report. The group members of this project report Mohit

Rijal( Project Leader), Aakash Regmi, Newton Prajapati, Anita Karki and Shreya Karki are the

equal part of this project report.

The publication of this report would not have been successful without the supports of our

colleagues; they guided us in many steps and coordinated with us to solve the problems.

At last but not the least, we would like to acknowledge the staffs of NCC, who have been

precious one, for the placement of relevant information over here in this handbook.

Table of Contents

CHAPTERS PAGE NO

1. Introduction………………………………………….. 1-4

1.1Background……………………………………………... 1

1.2 About Nepal Commerce Campus.…………………….. 1-2

1.3Objective of study………………………………………. 2-3

1.4Methodology……………………………………………. 3-4

1.5Scope and limitation……………………………………. 4

1.6Tools and techniques used……………………………… 4

2. Individual Behavior………….……………………… 5-7

2.1Concept of needs, motives, wants & values…….……….. 5

2.2Perception……………………...………………………... 5-6

2.3Matching personality and jobs.…………………………. 7

3. INTERPERSONAL AND GROUP BEHAVIOUR……... 8

3. Concept & types of group...………………………………. 8

3.2Group Structure…………………………………………… 8

4. Leadership…………………………...………………… 9

4.1What database is leadership? ............................................... 9

4.2Guidance to leadership….………………………………… 9

5. Communication………………………………………… 10

5.1Concept…………………………………………………... 10

5.2Methods of communication……………………………….. 10

5.3Barriers to communicate.………………………………….. 10

6. INTER-GROUP CONFLICT MANAGEMENT………. .. 11

6.1 Concept……………………………………………………. 11

6.2 Causes of conflict………………………………………….. 11

6.3 Conflict management approaches and techniques…………. 11

7. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS AND DYNAMICS…. 12

7.1 Organizational Design……………………………………… 12

7.2Bureaucracy…………………………………………………. 12

8. Technology and Work design………………………. 13

9. STRESS MANAGEMENT…………………………………... 14-15

9.1 Concept……………………………………………. 14

9.2 Causes of stress at workplace ………………………… 14

9.3 Consequences of stress……………………………. 14

9.4 Managing stress …………………………………………. 14-15

10. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT…. 16

10.1 Forces of changes………………………………… 16

10.2 The goals of planned change are…………………. 16

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………. 17

Bibliography…………………………………………………. 18

Appendix ……………………………………………………… 19

CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

An organization is the pattern of relationship many interwoven simultaneous relationship through which people, under the direction of managers pursue their common goals. These goals are the products of the decision making processes.

While forming any type of organization the following are the major prerequisite part that should be taken into consideration they are as follows:

Organization Structure

The organizational structure should be put in place at the start of an organization. It defines how the company will function, what is expectation of employees and the chain of command. The structure clarifies the areas of responsibility and the individuals that will work together. This allows for effective communication, decision making and sharing helpful information within departments.

Organizational Climate

A well-designed organizational structure can create a climate, or environment, that encourages employees to be supportive, cooperative and hard working. It also contributes to job satisfaction.

Employee Motivation

By grouping people within their specific areas of expertise, it encourages teamwork and high levels of performance.

Mobility

Providing an organizational structure gives employees the opportunity to see where they may be able to advance, motivating them to work hard in an effort to be promoted.

Organization Culture/ Behavior

Organization behavior is about human side of organization. It deals with human challenges at workplace. It is concerned with employment related situations. It emphasizes behavior related to job, work, performance, productivity, and absenteeism and employee turnover.

1.2 About Nepal Commerce Campus

Nepal Commerce campus regulated under the Faculty of Management (FOM) is known to be the

nation’s biggest and the quality imparting college and it has able to create its own historic

moments. In spite of the late evolution (17.05.2011) of commerce stream in comparison of other

streams in different faculties its usefulness and importance have been grown a lot. Hence it

began to flourish academically within the entire nation. Accordingly in association with the

academics of only commerce stream the establishment and the regulation of the campuses

encompasses the study of markets, administration, commerce, and public administration. Among

one of them is the Patan Campus whose base and the review is the Nepal Commerce Campus.

Initially the Nepal Commerce Campus was established in the form of private campus and still it

has to move ahead between many hindrances suffered by those of Non Governmental

Organization (NGO) colleges licensed from the Tribuvan University (T.U.). Nepal commerce

campus (NCC) established in 2021 BS, had two programmes as intermediate of commerce

(I.Com) and bachelor of commerce (B.Com) at the beginning. As the campus has already phased

out intermediate level programme in 2057 BS, it is now running both the general and

professional management programmes in Bachelor and Masters level under the umbrella

institution, Tribhuvan University. During 49 years of its history. NCC has exhibited itself as a

leading management campus across the country by playing as instrumental role in preparing the

professional managers not only to meet the national need but also to complete in the global

market of 21st century. Nepal Commerce Campus offers admission in four streams BBA, BBS,

MBM and MBS

1.3 Objective of Study

As any of the tasks is accomplished with certain objectives our objective can be analyzed

through two dimensions:

Technical Analysis

1. Search in the available technology used within the organizational premises.

2. Whether the used technology is matured enough.

3. Has the necessary technology being used.

4. Possess the necessary technical expertise or not.

5. To know about the practical use of the proposed technology.

Managerial Analysis

1. Plans, policies, strategies and goals of organizations

2. Competitive strength and human resource management.

3. Organizational structure, employee motivation and use of management information

system.

4. Assistance technical expertise to staffs.

1.4 Methodology

Research Design

It is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation to obtain answers to research questions and

to control variances.

The plan is overall scheme or program of the research. It includes an outline of what the

investigator will do from writing the hypotheses and their operational implications to the final

analysis of the data.

The structure is the outline, the scheme, the paradigm (model) of the operation of variables. It is

more specific than plan.

Strategy includes the methods to be used to gather and analyses. It is also more specific than the

plan.

The Basic Principles

1. Defining the nature and the scope of the problem.

2. Specifying the related variables.

3. Excluding the variables not relevant for the study.

4. Formulation of logical hypothesis.

Purpose of the Research Design

1. To provide answer to the research questions:

2. To control the variance.

Source of Data

Secondary Data

The secondary data are the data that have already been collected for a similar purpose. They may

be either published or unpublished. Published data may be available in the reports, books and

journals related to the subject matter of the investigation. Unpublished data may be retrieved

from agencies devoted to such similar works by making special requests to them.

Primary Data

Primary data are obtained by either (i) conducting informal interviews (ii) or administrating

Schedules or (iii) administering Mailed questionnaire or (iv) by using simulation or theoretical

models

1.5 Scope and Limitation of Study

The contain inside this report can be used as a reference by any of the students of any institutions

as a sample. This report is a case study on NCC so; it can be put as a major part of developing

cases related to any organization. It disseminates an idea on how to develop a concrete case.

This report is the part of our study so any of the individual cannot highly rely over it because it

has been developed with certain constraints like: time schedule, economy, backup resources and

various other resources.

1.6 Tools and Techniques Used

Questionnaires

The expression of research problems in the interrogative sentences are questions. They are

related to facts, figures, knowledge and opinions to be collected from the respondents.

CHAPTER-2

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

2.1 Concept of needs, motives, goals, attitudes, beliefs and values

Needs

Needs are deficiencies in human beings. They trigger behavior. Individuals have different needs. Unsatisfied needs cause tension. The individual engages in behavior to satisfy needs for tension reduction. Here at NCC there are people with social, esteem, security and self actualization needs.

Motives

Motives influence individual behavior. They are internal drives in an individual. They are pressing needs. They drive people to seek satisfaction. They prompt an individual to act in a certain way. The motives are different, some are lecturing, some dealing with administrative jobs etc.

Goals

Human behavior is goal directed. Goals are end results to be achieved. They guide actions. They provide unified direction to efforts. Goals should be: specific, measurable, agreed upon, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). The final goal of all people is satisfaction.

Attitudes

Attitudes are evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how an individual feels about something. Attitudes can be favorable or unfavorable. Some individuals are light thinker, some are moderator and some are critical thinker.

Beliefs

They are descriptive thoughts based on knowledge, opinion and faith. They influence behavior. For example, individuals believe that rewards will follow from higher performance.

Values

They represent basic convictions as to what is right, good or desirable. They influence an individual’s motivation and work behavior. People value their work at NCC.

2.2 Perception

Concept

Perception is a cognitive process. It provides a unique picture of the world. Such picture may be quite different from reality. It is giving meaning to the environment around us. It is filtering information.

Factors affecting perception

1. Perceiver

The personal characteristics of the perceiver affect perception. It includes: attitudes, motives, emotions, interests, experiences and expectations. For example a peon perceives the problem in different way than a professor or the senior officer.

2. Target

Characteristics of the target being perceived affect the perception. They are: novelty, motion, size, sound, background, proximity and similarity. Often senior officers perception depends upon the policy and rules, and pressure from the FSU.

3. Situation

Various situational contexts influence perception. They are time, work setting and social setting. The situation drives the behavior of people, faculty gets energized if it gets the active students in their classrooms.

Person’s Perception: Making judgment about others

Person perception is making judgments about others. It is about how one individual perceives other individuals. It is affected by the factors in the perceiver, the target, and the situation.

Personality

Personality is a key factor in understanding and predicting individual behavior in organizations. It is concerned with the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. It looks at the whole person. It leads to relatively enduring behavioral responses. Employees are of good personality over here, they are concerned of their works only.

Key personality attributes

Locus of control

Machiavellianism

Self esteem

Self efficacy

Self monitoring

Personality Type

2.3 Matching personality and jobs

Organizations should achieve a fit between personality and jobs. They should match individuals with jobs.

Personality Type Personality Traits Congruent JobsInvestigative Analytical, Independent etc. Economist, SociologistSocial Friendly, Cooperative etc. Lecturers, Union leadersConventional Conforming, Inflexible etc. Accountant, High position people

NCC consists of employees coming from different cultural and educational backgrounds. It highly values the knowledge and diversity of its employees. Individualism has always been an integral part of this organization. Its mission is to provide education to the students for their proper career ahead. Striving to develop their students according to their potentials.

Chapter-3

INTERPERSONAL AND GROUP BEHAVIOUR

3.1 Concept and types of group

A group consists of two or more people who have come together. They interact and are interdependent on each other. They share similar interests. They achieve particular objectives. Concerning NCC the type of group existing here is formal group, people talk to each other at the time of work, and they don’t meet informally.

3.2Group structure- roles, norms, and status, cohesiveness

In informal type of group the people at higher authority posses more roles. Group norms depend upon the cultural and educational backgrounds of people as well as policy of TU. Reference to status group is formal one relating to the work time only. Cohesiveness is maintained through monitoring and government policies.

Roles

Role is concerned with what people do. A role is a set of position- related behavior pattern expected in group. A group member is required to play a number of roles. Role of people at NCC depends upon the position they hold, lecturers are to teach students, administrative staffs to look after the administration etc.

Norms

Norms are acceptable standards of behavior shared by members within a group. They are informal rules of behavior. Norms are guided by the policies and regulations of TU.

Status

Status is socially defined rank given to group members by others. It is a relative standing in the group. It is an important factor in understanding behavior. Here status depends upon the authority granted for.

Cohesiveness

Cohesiveness is maintained through monitoring and university policies.

CHAPTER-4

LEADERSHIP

4.1 What is leadership?

Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals willingly and ehuasiastically. It is guiding and influencing the task related activities of people toward common goals. Leadership sets goals of organization and groups. It sets tasks and standards of performance. The leadership of NCC is bureaucratic or partially autocratic, it follows the instructions of TU, FOM, and on the other hand it very little in percentage tends to be participatory in decision making. 4.2 Guidance to leadershipNCC’s leadership being partial autocratic, it mainly guided from following sources.1. TU policies and actsNCC leadership is guided by the policies and acts passed from parliament for TU. Senior level officers( campus chief, programme coordinators) follow the rules while making their decions.

2. Teacher’s association

Existence of teacher’s association acts as the expert advice to the administration of NCC.

3. Administrative heads at college and universityThe heads of administration, their attitude and traits influences the decision making .

4. Free students unionThe student union provides pressure to the college management over the betterment of the students in the college.

Chapter-5

COMMUNICATION

5.1 Concept

No organization could exist without communication. Communication is the essence of organizational effectiveness. Communication is transfer of message and meaning from one person tom another person. At NCC communication is a way of sharing ideas between staffs, students and faculty members.

5.2 Methods of communication

1. Use of information technology

The college uses internet, mobile and telephone to communicate between or among its people. Communication is made through phone calls and email also.

2. Counseling

The teachers provide counseling to the students. Students also share their ideas with the fresher.

3. Participative decision

The teachers are participated in decision making. Student’s representatives are also participated in making decisions.

3. Active listening

Active listening is another way of communicating with the people at NCC.

4. Training

Various workshops, seminars and training programs are conducted to communicate with the faculty members. But it has not been done as per the demand of the teachers.

5.3 Barriers to communicate

Some of the barriers in communicating with the people are their level of knowledge regarding the contingent factors, resources constraint, bureaucratic hurdles and lack of effective information system.

CHAPTER -6INTER-GROUP CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

6.1 ConceptConcept of conflict is any situation in which two or more parties feel themselves in opposition. Conflict is the outcome of behavioral interactions. It consists of all kinds of opposition or antagonistic interactions. It is inevitable in groups and organizations. It is an interpersonal process. It mainly arises from disagreements over goals or the methods to attain those goals. Poor communication and personality differences also cause conflict. Leaders spend about 20% of their time dealing with conflict.

6.2 Causes of conflict The various causes of conflict at NCC are:

> Communication problem

> Incompatible goals

> Different values and beliefs

> Scarce resources

The main source of conflict in this is institution is because of scarce resources.

6.3 Conflict management approaches and techniquesConflict management is the use of stimulation and resolution techniques to achieve the desired level of conflict. Basically the management goes for negotiation with the other party to solve the conflict. Here at NCC conflict arises very few in number. The decision is based on win and win situation. Interpersonal conflicts are managed through following ways:

Collaborating

Avoidance

Competing

Accommodating

Compromising

CHAPTER -7

ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS AND DYNAMICS

7.1 Organizational DesignOrganizational design is the process of developing structure to achieve goals. Structure is the framework for establishing patterns of relationships. It is a means to achieve goals. It determines arrangements for:

-task specialization

-departmentation

-span of control

-delegation of authority

Organization design is concerned with designing, selecting, deciding and changing structure. Organization design can be Mechanistic and Organic. Nepal Commerce Campus has bureaucratic organization structure.

7.2BureaucracyBureaucracy has a strictly defined hierarchy of authority. It performs routine tasks through specialization and standardization. It has clearly defined rules and operating procedures. It is mechanistic design.

Strengths

Some of the strengths of bureaucratic organization structure for NCC are:

-functional economies of scale

-minimum duplication of personnel and equipment

-enhanced communication

-centralized decision making

Weaknesses

Some of the weaknesses of bureaucratic organization structure for NCC are:

-submit conflicts with organization goals

-obsessive concern with rules and regulations

-lack of employee discretion to deal with problems

CHAPTER -8

TECHNOLOGY AND WORK DESIGN

8.1 Technology and Work design

TechnologyTechnology is the process of transferring inputs into outputs. It consists of knowledge, skills, equipment, process, methods, and systems. It substitutes machines for human labor. It can be routine or non-routine, simple or sophisticated and high-tech or low-tech depending on work design. NCC has got computer lab, online library, less utilized 24X7 power supply system, WIFI and others.

Work designWork design is defining and structuring jobs. It specifies content of job and methods of doing the job. The methods of work design can be:

Job specialization: The organization specializes employees in specific tasks to increase efficiency. For example the specific experts in specific subjects are used to teach that specific subject.

Job simplification: It is breaking down the job in smaller parts or simplification. The job of keeping financial records is broken into account, reception, store and others. Library is divided into reference and lending section.

Job enlargement: Same employee works for both the lending and reference section. An employee in financial department could work for store or accounts.

Autonomous teams: They are self directed teams of employees to achieve specific goals. They solve problems, implement solutions and take full responsibility for outcomes. The teams of professors are formed to conduct seminars and workshops.

CHAPTER-9

STRESS MANAGEMENT

9.1 Concept Stress is a person's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on that person. Stress has become a major concern in all types of organization. Its potential role on health and productivity has become a cause for concern. Stress has become an inevitable part of everyday life. By understanding stress, managers can understand behavioral problems of organizational settings.

9.2 Causes of stress at workplace

Some of the stresses that top level executives face at NCC are:

-competition and change

-technological change

-diverse workplace

-employee empowerment

-delegation of authority

-team work

-work conflict/home conflict

-student’s demand

-resource limitation

9.3 Consequences of stressSome of the consequences of stress are:

1. Physiological symptoms: increased blood pressure, headaches etc

2. Psychological symptoms: job dissatisfaction, tension, anxiety, irritability, boredom etc

3. Behavioural symptoms: changes in productivity

9.4 Managing stress

Some of the techniques used to manage stress are entitled as below.

a> Individual approach

-time management

-physical ability

-relaxation technique

-building social support

B> organizational approach

-goal setting -redesigning job

-increased employee involvement

-increased organization communication

We saw that more of the individual approach is used to manage stress than the organizational approach.

CHAPTER -10

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1 Forces of changes Organization today operates in dynamic environment. Dynamic environment requires more change. Both external and internal environment act as forces for change. The certain changes at NCC have introduced professional courses like BBA, MBM and have got digital library management system. This is because of changing employers’ perspectives. Employers today want applied human resource which can be utilized from the beginning.

10.2 The goals of planned change are > Improve the ability of the organization to adapt to environmental changes.

>Change employee behavior to make them responsive to change.

CONCLUSION

Nepal Commerce campus regulated under the Faculty of Management (FOM) is known to be the nation’s biggest and the quality imparting college and it has able to create its own historic moments.

Nepal Commerce Campus offers admission in four streams BBA, BBS, MBM and

MBS

It has to move ahead between many hindrances suffered by those of Non Governmental Organization (NGO) colleges licensed from the Tribuvan University (T.U.)

Here at NCC there are people with social, esteem, security and self actualization needs. People value their work at NCC.

Often senior officers perception depends upon the policy and rules, and pressure from the FSU.

NCC consists of employees coming from different cultural and educational backgrounds. It highly values the knowledge and diversity of its employees.

Concerning NCC the type of group existing here is formal group, people talk to each other at the time of work, they don’t meet informally.

NCC’s leadership being partial autocratic, it mainly guided from following sources. TU policies and acts, Teacher’s association, Administrative heads at college and university, Free students union.

Some of the barriers in communicating with the people are their level of knowledge regarding the contingent factors, resources constraint, bureaucratic hurdles and lack of effective information system.

Basically the management goes for negotiation with the other party to solve the conflict. Here at NCC conflict arises very few in number.

NCC has got computer lab, online library, less utilized 24X7 power supply system, WIFI and others.

We saw that more of the individual approach is used to manage stress than the organizational approach.

NCC has introduced professional courses like BBA, MBM and has got digital library management system.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Robbins, Stephen P: Elements of Organizational Behavior.Mitchell, Terence R. and Larson, James R., Jr. People in Organization: An Introduction to Organizational Behavior.Pareek, Udai. Organizational Behavior.Agrawal, Govind Ram. Organizational Relations in Nepal.Adhikari, Dev Raj. Organizational Behavior.

APPENDIX

1. Can you say us something about organizational behavior of this college?2. Some of the relations in this organization and their importance to upgrade the

organization’s goals, mission, and vision?3. Some of the issues regarding OB of NCC?4. Certain values present in this organization that guides employees towards

effective productivity?5. How do you perceive people? On the basis of what?6. What is the major attribute of personality of people of NCC?7. How personality is matched with the job?8. Way of motivating the employees?9. Some commonly used motivation techniques and programs?10. Some groups present in between the employees.11. Roles, norms and cohesiveness in the group.12. What type of leadership is followed here?13. Which method of communication is used?14. What do think about conflict that is present at NCC?15. How do you manage the conflict?16. Is organization design fit to employee behavior?17. What sorts of stress do you encounter with?18. What are the certain forces that push for changes?19. How do you manage the changes?