Organization & Representationat the Philadelphia Convention

1787

Unit 2, Lessons 9 and 10

James Madison (VA)James Madison (VA)

• “Father of the Constitution”

• Greatest influence on structure of National Govt.

Who Attended?

Who Did Not?Who Did Not?

Rules of the ConventionRules of the Convention• Civil DiscourseCivil Discourse: reasoned : reasoned

discussion which allows all people discussion which allows all people to speak.to speak.

• SecrecySecrecy to ensure the free to ensure the free exchange of ideas.exchange of ideas.

• No Women, Blacks, or Natives!No Women, Blacks, or Natives!

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan (Large State)(Large State)

• James Madison & Edmund RandolphJames Madison & Edmund Randolph

• Bicameral Legislature proportionate to Bicameral Legislature proportionate to state pop.state pop.– Lower House = represents citizens Lower House = represents citizens – Upper House = elected by Lower House, Upper House = elected by Lower House,

nominated by state legislaturesnominated by state legislatures

• Executive: elected by legislature, vetoExecutive: elected by legislature, veto

• Judiciary appointed by legislature for life. Judiciary appointed by legislature for life.

New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan (Small State) • By William PatersonBy William Paterson

• Unicameral LegislatureUnicameral Legislature representing the representing the states with specified (states with specified (enumeratedenumerated) powers ) powers (taxation).(taxation).

• Plural ExecutivesPlural Executives: elected by legislature : elected by legislature – (1 year term).(1 year term).

• JudiciaryJudiciary decides decides specificspecific types of cases types of cases (for life)(for life)

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise • Roger Sherman & Oliver Ellsworth (CT)Roger Sherman & Oliver Ellsworth (CT)

• House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives: : elected by elected by & represents citizens proportionate to & represents citizens proportionate to state pop. state pop.

• SenateSenate: represents states equally (2 : represents states equally (2 per), nominated by state legislatures per), nominated by state legislatures (until 1913). (until 1913).

Three-Fifths Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise

• State census conducted every 10 years State census conducted every 10 years for apportioning # of reps. to Housefor apportioning # of reps. to House.

• State pop.= all free persons + 3 out of State pop.= all free persons + 3 out of every 5 slaves!every 5 slaves!

• Each slave counts as 3/5ths a person Each slave counts as 3/5ths a person when computing direct taxes.when computing direct taxes.